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# Ep : 3 | Search for Ultimate Reality in Metaphysics | Dr. Vikas Divyakirti
# https://www.youtube.com/watch/pbsbauDvrw0

00:00:06.120 Hello, a very warm welcome to all of you.

00:00:08.060 Today we are going to start with the third session
00:00:10.800 of the philosophy series we have started.
00:00:14.820 I had decided that we will talk about Charvak philosophy today,
00:00:19.700 which is in a sense the most popular philosophy of India and
00:00:21.540 in another is the most infamous philosophy.
00:00:23.280 Both the ideas are applicable on it, and anyway those that are
infamous are more popular,
00:00:27.860 you know, this is what usually happens in society.
00:00:32.299 But when I did a little planning for today's class
00:00:37.400 and when I thought that a person who
00:00:39.780 does not know anything about philosophy, it will not be justice if we
directly start with Charvak.
00:00:45.579 it will be injustice
00:00:49.020 Because in order to understand any one philosophy properly, first it
is necessary that you know the basic vocabulary
00:00:54.060 of that subject, and the basic terms.
00:00:57.260 and know the concept about that subject
00:01:01.080 Then I decided to bring up the topic of Charvak
00:01:03.620 after two to four days,
00:01:04.720 but first understand some basic concepts for 2-4 days.
00:01:08.600 The concepts from which Charvak is automatically understood, and why
only Charvak,
00:01:12.200 the Jainism, Buddhism, Vedanta, Shankaracharya all are understood
00:01:16.160 through these concepts
00:01:17.880 with the help of those concepts
00:01:20.480 and even the people of the West also understand them.
00:01:24.720 So today we will understand that what is
00:01:27.780 the most basic question of philosophy i.e. what is ultimate reality?
00:01:32.220 what is ultimate reality?
00:01:34.880 What is this question, where did this question came from?
00:01:38.700 What were the ways to find the answer to this question,
00:01:41.060 who all used which path.
00:01:44.540 What answers were found and
00:01:46.940 is there any importance left in those answers in front of us today?
00:01:50.780 If it is left then how much is left.
00:01:52.580 we will understand all this
00:01:54.300 and then from there your curiosity will be a little better. Now, I'll
write a word,
00:01:59.900 ultimate truth
00:02:03.860 What is the ultimate truth?
00:02:08.600 Truth and existence
00:02:09.780 are also two different things in philosophy.
00:02:13.760 When I say that
00:02:14.600 truth is one thing that does not mean it the one
00:02:19.640 which we consider as the ultimate truth.
00:02:22.920 And what I am about to talk today,
00:02:24.840 it is ultimate existence that is,
00:02:27.980 actually what is that thing from which everything is made,
00:02:31.500 how was this whole world made? Who made it?
00:02:34.880 It was made by which process?
00:02:37.760 And whenwe get into the details of the philophy then these words
00:02:42.080 truth and existence also become two different words.
00:02:46.100 In the first sessions
00:02:47.060 I told you that philopshy has three basic branches - metaphyscis,
00:02:51.380 epistemology, axiology.
00:02:55.880 The main branch of these philosphy
00:02:58.380 that interests us all
00:03:02.280 is metaphysics only.
00:03:04.260 What is metaphysics?
00:03:07.140 what does it mean?
00:03:09.200 To answer the last questions related to this universe.
00:03:14.840 Its known as tatvmimansa
00:03:17.040 in hindi
00:03:19.400 Broadly metaphysics is
00:03:20.960 also known as ontology.
00:03:24.420 so if you read this word ontology then
00:03:27.780 For your level they both means the same.
00:03:30.500 one word is said with two different ways in philosphy
00:03:36.020 I have told you about the
00:03:36.920 three basic questions about metaphysics among which one was
00:03:40.040 about this world, about this cosmos.
00:03:44.160 How did this universe, earth, world,
00:03:46.560 was formed, why was it fomed? All these questions are there.
00:03:51.060 the second question that will create more interest is
00:03:54.660 about the soul,
00:03:57.500 consciousness bacically.
00:04:00.800 And the third question is
00:04:02.100 about the
00:04:04.320 God
00:04:06.780 Questions related to cosmos is known as cosmology,
00:04:09.600 which is srishtimimansi in Hindi.
00:04:11.880 Questions related to the soul, are known as phsycology
00:04:14.460 in philosphy and the those related to God are called
00:04:19.440 theology or ishwar mimansa.
00:04:22.720 We will talk about these later.
00:04:24.120 We will talk about
00:04:28.140 the fundamental questions
00:04:30.120 of these today.
00:04:32.540 Looking at your face it feels like
00:04:34.100 you will understand the ultimate secret today.
00:04:35.840 I am already clearling that will be diffuclt to understand.
00:04:38.400 This is not a matter of play or those of saints.
00:04:41.840 We do not tell lies,
00:04:43.580 we will just telll about what all people have thought
00:04:46.040 and the truth is that no one knows about the ultimate truth.
00:04:50.000 Everyone has their own path,
00:04:51.200 their own rumours, and their own views .
00:04:52.760 Opinions हैं।
00:04:54.740 All we need to know is what all are the different opinions
00:04:57.840 And if we know everything then no one will be able to misguide us
00:05:01.100 We would be able to question him.
00:05:03.920 Do you know the actual aim of studies? You can ask anyone questions
00:05:08.500 and if
00:05:10.280 someone tells you few things you can reveal the truth
00:05:12.360 by asking further questions.
00:05:15.620 The real aim is also that no one
00:05:18.840 should mislead us just like that
00:05:21.720 So we will start with what is the ultimate truth? What is the
ultimate existence?
00:05:25.800 Now, see what is crisis?
00:05:29.400 This question came into whose mind?
00:05:33.020 If I talk about the present era, then you must have studied
geography,
00:05:36.240 science in your school.
00:05:39.980 And when someone tells to me that I have way too much
00:05:42.180 confidence in myself,
00:05:42.800 and when someone tells me that I can do this and that
00:05:45.840 then I tell them child read the first chapter of geography and then
the confidence level lowers down.
00:05:53.280 it should lower down as well
00:05:54.960 Overconfidence is not a good thing.
00:05:59.360 And what do you learn after reading that chapter?
00:06:00.540 you get to know that
00:06:02.720 There are infinite number
00:06:06.240 of galaxies
00:06:09.180 in this universe
00:06:11.960 Among those is one galay named milky way.
00:06:16.320 that is our galaxy
00:06:20.780 There are infinite starts
00:06:23.340 in that one galaxy.
00:06:27.080 a small star among those stars is
00:06:31.040 the sun which is our neighbour,
00:06:34.200 neighbour means at a distance of
00:06:36.620 around 15 crore light years,
00:06:40.940 the known planets
00:06:43.140 around the sun are around 9,
00:06:45.720 which is a topic of constant debate.
00:06:47.900 Earth is one of those 9 planets
00:06:51.920 and there are around 1 trillion species in that earth.1,00,000 crore
species
00:06:58.280 One specie
00:06:59.220 among those is homosapiens, sapiens
00:07:04.260 Today only 800 crore of the homosapiens,
00:07:07.520 sapiens are alive in this earth.
00:07:10.080 I am one of them.
00:07:11.960 This is my status.
00:07:14.400 The status of all of us is actually the same.
00:07:17.280 A thought comes to mind that this world is running because of me only.
00:07:21.420 If I won’t be there than how will this world run.
00:07:23.480 This thought does come to the mind, right? Especially in your age.
00:07:27.360 When ever you start to have over confidence
00:07:29.280 do read this chapter of geography.
00:07:32.400 When it starts to get low then listen to motivational speech.
00:07:35.040 that you can do anything. Listen to all these then the confidence will
rise again
00:07:42.600 for some time and it gives a very good feeling. Both have their own
values.
00:07:45.680 Confidence is must in life but having
00:07:49.100 over confidence is not, this is also important
00:07:52.520 We all know that the human was unaware
00:07:56.520 about the galaxies in the beginning of the philosphy.
00:07:59.280 he did not know
00:08:00.120 what is galaxy
00:08:03.120 How could the poor human know about the stars,
00:08:07.340 he was just dropped into this world
00:08:10.460 like you all must have
00:08:11.220 seen the movie PK.
00:08:14.940 A man fell from some other planet
00:08:18.320 and he is trying to figure out about what all is these
00:08:21.120 where am I?
00:08:24.120 so around 3 lakh years from now
00:08:25.760 when the homo sapeins, sapeins were formed
00:08:29.480 and 70-72 years from now
00:08:31.820 when the ability to think developed in him
00:08:35.700 which is known as cognitive devolution.
00:08:39.520 Now he is an unarmed human
00:08:41.580 in this world
00:08:43.539 and has the ability to think.
00:08:46.100 He has logic and reasoning.
00:08:50.900 He can see that there is sun, the moon, the mountains,
00:08:55.020 the rivers, he can see that it rains, there are
00:08:58.740 birds and animals. Many animals come and they attack.
00:09:03.040 There is a society being built slowly
00:09:06.200 The slow efforts of creating a language are there.
00:09:09.480 The attempts of making states are being carried out for the first time
00:09:11.580 where one person will rule.
00:09:15.320 This person is trying to under this entire structure,
00:09:19.280 this complete world, he is not a scientist.
00:09:22.740 Because he has no concepts of science,
00:09:25.200 and is not even a spiritual person, because the religion has also not
evolved at that time.
00:09:29.420 He is trying to understand the secret of
00:09:32.360 where I am? and in which world am I
00:09:36.440 with his basic knowledge.
00:09:38.540 How should I understand what this world is? How was it formed
00:09:41.580 and what is my status in it?
00:09:44.360 The people dying around me, have they completely destroyed?
00:09:48.960 Where have we come from and where will we go?
00:09:50.880 Nothing is known.
00:09:54.060 Now what will people do in such situation, what will they think?
00:09:56.180 are they filled with curiousity?
00:09:57.900 The person with curiousity has very less input.
00:10:02.360 See, when a scientist takes out a result, how does he do it?
00:10:05.780 He has logic, reasoning, processing
00:10:09.980 but he also has a lot of input, he researches a lot,
00:10:12.920 does experiments
00:10:14.160 and on the basis of the results of those experiments,
00:10:17.240 he takes out the correct results by processing them
00:10:22.740 therefore, it is said in philosphy that the philosphor
00:10:25.100 can be of two types, he will either be like a honeybee
00:10:28.740 or like a spider
00:10:31.500 and these concepts
00:10:34.220 of spider and
00:10:38.160 honey
00:10:41.060 why does these two concepts are there?
00:10:42.620 these are present in the philophy and in science as well.
00:10:45.660 A good scientist is
00:10:47.000 like a honey bee,
00:10:49.700 so the ideal of a scientist is honeybee,
00:10:53.880 not because of its biting but honeybees have two capabilties.
00:10:57.860 How does a honeybee work?
00:11:00.680 it sits on one flower than
00:11:02.900 another and collects nectar from them
00:11:08.700 and then
00:11:09.260 processes them all on its own
00:11:12.420 and what does it make after processing?
00:11:15.320 It makes honey out of it.
00:11:19.160 That is it will do the processing on its own.
00:11:20.760 But the thing on which the processing will be done,
00:11:22.560 it will get that input from outside.
00:11:24.860 It will collect that input
00:11:25.580 from here and there and
00:11:27.360 those will be real inputs
00:11:29.700 and will process those with its abilities
00:11:33.060 that the God and nature has given to it.
00:11:36.120 will process it nd then the nectar that comes
00:11:39.140 out we call it honey.
00:11:40.620 Consider it has the result in the world of knowledge,
00:11:44.060 assume it as judgement.
00:11:48.600 But to be a
00:11:51.380 honeybee
00:11:52.020 the input must be available from outside .
00:11:55.040 what should be done when there is no input
00:11:57.900 or if there is less input?
00:12:00.860 Then you have to be a spider.
00:12:03.600 And the special thing about the spider is that it makes web
00:12:07.140 and its does the processing also itself
00:12:09.600 and also gets the raw material to make that web
00:12:11.420 from within it.
00:12:14.880 That is in the world of causation
00:12:18.500 do not get stressed, it is a technical term
00:12:19.380 just understand that
00:12:22.380 the spider does all the work from
00:12:25.460 giving out the raw material and processing it on its own.
00:12:26.640 And in words of philosphy it is said that it is both the material
cause
00:12:30.140 and the efficient cause itself.
00:12:31.440 that is the cause of creation
00:12:34.860 both itself
00:12:38.360 So, until we do not have a lot of inputs, and
00:12:41.400 a lot of facts
00:12:43.640 we work like a spider
00:12:46.440 and most of the philosphers follow the path of spider.
00:12:51.080 They do imagine within themselves and justify their imaginations with
their reasoning power.
00:12:57.020 They process it,
00:12:58.100 take out the doubts, correct them.
00:13:00.360 And that’s is the reason why different-different philosphers
00:13:02.900 define the same thing differently.
00:13:06.360 and every definition seems logically correct
00:13:08.460 Because they have thought all the things by their mind.
00:13:12.080 What does that scientist does? He researches?
00:13:14.780 He takes out result after doing research?
00:13:18.740 The ultimate question of science is also how the universe was formed?
00:13:22.800 The ultimate question of philosphy is also how the universe was
formed?
00:13:26.160 The religions are also interested in the same question
00:13:29.540 the difference is only of their ways and their methods the religions
works on the bsis of devotion and faith,
00:13:37.760 and it provides
00:13:39.380 the easy answer
00:13:40.080 to human
00:13:41.280 that are not very deep and logical but
00:13:43.100 provides such confusing answers
00:13:45.360 that the common man gets satisfied with.
00:13:49.320 philospher gives logical answers
00:13:52.080 like spiders
00:13:54.600 And science gives judgement after collecting
00:14:00.140 the experienced Empirical evidences
00:14:02.480 and accepts that I may be proved wrong tommorow.
00:14:06.900 The moment any new experiment proves me wrong
00:14:09.000 I will accept it.
00:14:11.220 Einstein did so many
00:14:13.160 great experiments and he was awarded with the noble prize in 1921.
00:14:16.200 the same Einstein
00:14:19.940 was proved wrong in the intial days
00:14:21.960 for his work on photons.
00:14:25.880 when an experiment was done on quantum physics in his time,
00:14:28.760 it is known as the double skill experiment
00:14:32.300 and some more experiments were done at that time.
00:14:33.540 An experiment named quantum entanglement
00:14:36.300 was done at that time. The one that got the
00:14:38.820 noble prize in 2022
00:14:39.600 for physics,
00:14:41.820 that concept came in Einstein’s time.
00:14:43.340 And Einstein with two fellow scientists
00:14:45.200 mentioned about the EPR paradox
00:14:49.100 and said that the rules of quantum physics are incorrect
00:14:52.500 as they are against the basic laws of physics
00:14:58.260 and they rejected it and after Einstein’s death,
00:15:00.960 an experiment was conducted in the
00:15:01.740 decade of 1960 which is known as the bell experiment,
00:15:05.540 in 1972 and then in the decade of 1980
00:15:08.340 and then 3 different scientists proved that
00:15:12.140 Einstein's concept of quantum entanglement
00:15:15.560 matters was incorrect.
00:15:16.860 And these three scientists that were working in different time periods
00:15:19.680 all were given noble proze in 2022 altogther
00:15:22.880 because they could find the mistake of Einstein.
00:15:26.180 This is the fun part about science.
00:15:27.320 There is no force in science that what I have said is the ultimate
truth,
00:15:31.080 even Newton can be proved wrong in science,
00:15:33.780 Einstein can be proved wrong.
00:15:35.480 everyone can be proved wrong.
00:15:37.580 Darwin was proved wrong in many cases.
00:15:38.820 and proved great in many
00:15:42.000 religion does not have that much freedom,
00:15:44.120 but philopshy and science have.
00:15:46.260 The basic question of all three is same.
00:15:50.760 We have to understand what possiblities philosphy has found in it.
00:15:54.300 Do remember, science is a later thing.
00:15:56.040 The intial efforts were being done by philophers.
00:15:58.620 later science has taken many things into
00:16:01.020 its own hands and explained it in a better way.
00:16:04.760 The ultimate question of metaphyscis from philopshy is about the
ultimate truth or the Ultimate Existence,
00:16:10.700 to whom does it belong?
00:16:13.500 This question basically has two questions.
00:16:15.380 Lets break it into two questions.
00:16:19.100 One question is how many ultimate existence are there?
00:16:22.460 What is the count?
00:16:25.400 Ultimately what is the count
00:16:27.960 the total existence in the end?
00:16:29.340 Is it just one or more than that or 10 or
00:16:32.180 50 or its 1000.
00:16:37.200 the second question is what is the nature of the ultimate existence.
00:16:41.480 Nature means how is it? Whats its name?
00:16:43.400 What are its features,
00:16:46.680 what is the nature of the ultimate reality?
00:16:50.520 Now its obvious that both the questions
00:16:52.260 would have appeared together in the mind of the curious person.
00:16:54.800 It is not that one question will appear first and one later.
00:16:57.620 they must have appeared together
00:17:00.060 And when we think we generally have two ways of thinking.
00:17:03.440 The third comes later on.
00:17:07.380 if someone asks you
00:17:09.560 how many ultimate existences are there in this wolrd. So at first
thought,
00:17:13.300 it comes to yur mind that all these diversities that are being seen,
00:17:17.900 everthing is truth, what should we reject.
00:17:22.819 So the first answer that
00:17:23.900 generally comes into the mind of most people is
00:17:27.140 what we call pluralism,
00:17:30.480 that is there are many utimate existences,
00:17:35.560 there is not just two.
00:17:38.560 In simple terms,
00:17:40.700 even iron is the ultimate existence.
00:17:42.780 Wood is also is the ultimate existence.
00:17:44.060 water is also is the ultimate existence, fire, air everything is the
ultimate existence.
00:17:47.400 how can I say that air and water are same
00:17:51.260 How can I say that fire and water are same,
00:17:52.200 they are different
00:17:54.980 and when so many things are different
00:17:58.040 so let us assume that all of these are the ultimate existence.
00:18:00.960 There is no problem in it.
00:18:04.160 When you will say there are a lot of existences,
00:18:05.180 the human can see a lot of those
00:18:09.240 then why will it give you importance.
00:18:11.160 He will think you are talking about things which he himself can also
see.
00:18:14.300 then how come you are a philospher.
00:18:16.700 So the philosphers and the spiritual people are not content in this.
00:18:20.720 They think there must be something
00:18:24.200 in the centre of all these diversities.
00:18:26.760 And the mind wants to impose it on only one thing. Finally that one
thing that their mind feels content is that finally they have found what it is.
00:18:35.160 This satisfaction gives so much trouble
00:18:38.360 that many people have said
00:18:40.640 that the ultimate existence is only one and those who say so
00:18:43.960 they are known as monism or monist.
00:18:48.120 that is simply monosim, But in between these there are pluraist
00:18:50.880 who believe that the ultimate existence is many
00:18:54.380 बहुत सारी हैं,
00:18:57.960 monoist are those who believe that the ultimate existence is only one
00:19:01.760 But in between these there aresome people who said that
00:19:05.520 the ultimate existence is neither many nor just one but instead its
two,
00:19:09.980 and they are refered as dualism which means
00:19:15.020 the utimate existence is of two. Now you will think
00:19:18.240 where did this dualism came from? You are able to understand that
pluralism means there are many,
00:19:21.360 just like you guys are a lot in number over here,
00:19:24.240 how can I say that Laxman
00:19:27.240 and the other person
00:19:28.500 Sanjeev are one person
00:19:30.960 they are two different people, all of you are different person.
00:19:33.060 and if
00:19:33.500 I have to reduce you all then will do that
00:19:35.780 in just one that there is only one God
00:19:37.280 He has created us all then from where does this talk about two
appeared.
00:19:41.400 But there is a problem in philosphy due to which
00:19:43.820 some people talk about dualism and
00:19:47.600 its their compulsion to do that.
00:19:50.580 Why do they do it?
00:19:51.300 if you will listen to the answer of dualism then everything will be
clear
00:19:54.000 Dualism states that there is one existence of matter
00:19:57.720 and one of conciousness.
00:20:00.240 Matter is known as jad padrarth
00:20:01.920 or bhautik padarth in hindi
00:20:04.800 conciousness is known as chetna
00:20:07.400 or chetan padarth.
00:20:10.940 How is this whole game being played. If we will understand both of
these
00:20:13.620 then the complete story will be clear.
00:20:17.900 now lets see how this matter-consciousness
00:20:20.960 theory works.
00:20:25.220 lets try to set all the things
00:20:27.440 in this world so that they are set inside only one.
00:20:31.820 Let's try it, okay.
00:20:35.060 So whatever things I will divide,
00:20:37.200 I will find that either
00:20:38.840 I can set them in the word matter
00:20:42.600 or I can adjust them in another class consciousness.
00:20:45.540 that is can adjust it in chetna
00:20:48.960 Just like there is iron, where will you place the iron,
00:20:52.680 iron will be placed here, where will the water be placed?
00:20:56.520 here only, where will the fire be placed?
00:21:01.760 fire will also come here
00:21:03.320 where will the air placed, here only
00:21:07.620 some people say air will be placed here, it will be placed there
00:21:10.140 air will also be placed in matter, everything will come in it
00:21:14.360 Iron, wood, whatever you think, such things will come here,
00:21:18.500 but if I ask you that there is one thing called thought.
00:21:22.460 Thought is also there in the world, isn't it? We all think.
00:21:26.280 Thoughts come to our mind.
00:21:29.040 Then one thing comes in your mind, the emotion
00:21:34.520 When people are in love and they say
00:21:35.300 I can give my life for you.
00:21:38.300 This is nonsense. The heart here only does the work of pumping the
blood.
00:21:41.120 When there is a lot of emotion,
00:21:42.540 put your hand on the right side of your head and say,
00:21:45.620 I can give my life for you.
00:21:46.340 Because emotions come in the right hemisphere of mind.
00:21:49.640 Emotions don't come here.
00:21:51.060 These are imaginations, emotions
00:21:52.560 appear here, they appear on the right side,
00:21:54.980 so next time when you put a a ring on someone's finger,
00:21:57.320 then say in this way that I can give my life for you.
00:22:01.400 in the right side
00:22:02.480 Logic is more in the left,
00:22:04.260 emotions work more
00:22:04.660 in the right.
00:22:06.620 So when you have more thoughts in your mind,
00:22:08.640 then the left part of your brain is more active.
00:22:11.840 When the emotion is high, then the right part of the brain is active
and
00:22:14.040 it is very active. Assume that it always remains active.
00:22:16.920 Its work is to pump the blood, to clean the blood.
00:22:19.640 if it will not clean the blood then we will die in just 2 minutes
00:22:21.080 so it will continue doing that
00:22:23.340 it has link no to your emotions,
00:22:25.640 but the rumor is there.
00:22:26.840 People are writing poems on heart
00:22:29.960 but actually heart has no role in emotions.
00:22:35.040 There are thoughts, there are emotions,
00:22:36.520 Apart from this, sometimes your will power also works.
00:22:39.920 Like I will quit smoking today.
00:22:44.220 I swear on my mother,
00:22:45.320 if I smoke a cigarette.
00:22:50.160 Many times a man leaves some things with will power
00:22:54.200 or starts something new, Like from tomorrow at five in the morning, I
have to do Pranayama.
00:22:57.320 And if you really do it, then you have will power, that means,
00:23:01.080 if you are not able to do it, then there is a lack of will power.
00:23:02.420 What is this will power, this will power is also
00:23:06.900 a conscious thing isn't it, be it a matter of thinking, be it a matter
of emotions,
00:23:09.540 be it a matter of will power.
00:23:11.780 There are many other things related to these.
00:23:13.560 Do you have an opinion, what is this opinion?
00:23:18.000 you have some belief even assume you
00:23:20.860 believe in superstition, what is that superstition.
00:23:25.140 Now sometimes it must have occurred in your mind that
00:23:28.400 what is the basis of these classifications, let me tell you the basis.
00:23:32.460 You must have heard few people that, you know that
00:23:35.180 while doing research on the soul, a person told the weight of the
soul.
00:23:38.460 There soul is of 21 grams. There is a research.
00:23:41.580 though later those results were rejected, but for some reason
00:23:44.940 I avoid using such words,
00:23:47.000 but I want to say that don't believe such fools,
00:23:50.280 it is a very foolish thing if someone tells
00:23:52.980 the weight of the soul as 21 grams.
00:23:56.520 Why, because most of the people who believe in the soul
00:23:58.580 believe that souls are conscious things.
00:24:03.320 And a conscious thing cannot have weight.
00:24:06.920 That's why telling the weight of the soul
00:24:09.360 is a kind of nonsense.
00:24:12.140 If you are considering it as conscious, then, although
00:24:13.920 some people do not consider the soul to be conscious, it is
understandable that
00:24:17.040 they talk like this, but those who consider it to be conscious
00:24:18.960 are most of the people.
00:24:21.620 You must have also heard that
00:24:23.780 once a man was about to die.
00:24:26.460 All the windows and doors of his room were closed.
00:24:29.820 there was no space left and when he died the glass broke.
00:24:33.660 I don't know why the glass broke
00:24:34.880 Whether it was broken or not,
00:24:39.120 But if it has broken then it must have been due to some other reason.
00:24:42.060 it must be due to excess heat
00:24:43.220 Because there is no need to break the glass
00:24:46.680 to get out the soul because the soul is like a thought.
00:24:49.680 It is such a thing that the room is closed.
00:24:51.960 Thoughts are not coming in my mind, try and think,
00:24:56.220 Or there is a mirror, the sun is not coming through it, the sun is a
physical thing,
00:24:59.580 when physical thing like sun
00:25:00.200 what is sunlight, what is light, what is electromagnetic wave,
00:25:05.000 which Einstein proved that light is not just a wave.
00:25:07.740 it is a particle too, it was only named as photon
00:25:10.880 and got noble prize for same.
00:25:12.960 something like sunlight which is light which is a physical object
00:25:15.500 when it can penetrate without breaking the glass
00:25:19.800 So consciousness, pure consciousness which means thought, feeling
00:25:24.360 And if someone tells you that I am very upset,
00:25:27.680 I am locked inside the room and I can't remember anything,
00:25:30.080 my thoughts were lost outside and
00:25:32.820 i am stuck inside
00:25:34.200 i had to go out to get my thoughts
00:25:37.080 open the door
00:25:37.920 open the window so that the thoughts could enter
00:25:40.760 it is something similar
00:25:44.160 thus do no believe such people
00:25:45.260 you have to use logic and your brain.
00:25:49.820 what is physical thing, many people tried
00:25:52.980 to define it but at the end no one could
00:25:53.940 but few things became clear
00:25:57.840 the first symptom of physical thing is that it occupies space
00:26:02.960 it has
00:26:03.300 extension that is it takes space, it has volume
00:26:07.740 it is the most basic characteristics
00:26:10.460 anything that occupies space is a physical thing
00:26:14.100 it's not that it will be fat
00:26:15.320 or thin or could be touched
00:26:17.760 you cannot touch many things
00:26:19.620 but they will take space
00:26:23.720 you can say any volume
00:26:25.400 in simple terms it takes space
00:26:28.200 Second, whatever the physical object may be, it
00:26:34.020 Sometimes
00:26:34.520 in some way or the other our senses,
00:26:37.680 The senses you know, the eyes, the ears,
00:26:38.300 Nose, tongue, skin, these are the five senses, sense organs,
00:26:43.400 it can be perceived by
00:26:46.080 any one of these sense organs
00:26:49.280 can be seen
00:26:50.960 knowledge can be acquired, but it does not mean
00:26:54.240 you can see it with the naked eyes
00:26:57.300 if we make microscope
00:26:57.980 then also we will see fromthe eyes only
00:27:01.160 it may happen that we could see with the microscope
00:27:04.800 May be you will be able to see after making telescope.
00:27:08.120 But if there is so much power in the telescope, then it should see
00:27:10.500 on its own, this is not possible
00:27:11.760 telescope can only enhance your power of vision
00:27:16.380 microscope can create the ability to see small things
00:27:21.020 some instruments
00:27:21.680 will ehnace your ability to hear, but the ability
00:27:24.800 is present in your senses only, it will no be acquired from outside
00:27:28.080 all the physical objects
00:27:30.380 can be known through any one of the sense organs
00:27:34.280 Of course it can be known with the help of some instruments and
devices.
00:27:38.700 now tell me what is air
00:27:41.180 many say the air can be felt
00:27:43.860 it takes space
00:27:45.120 our electromagnetic wave, like light,
00:27:47.220 you can see it, you can feel it
00:27:50.400 If there is sunlight, it touches your body, it is understood that
there is light.
00:27:55.800 those electrons that are
00:27:56.880 flowing within a wire,whichwe call as current
00:28:00.740 touch it once an dyou will get to know
00:28:02.700 that it is physical object or not
00:28:04.920 Some people give indirect statement that energy is,
00:28:07.460 not conscious.
00:28:10.160 energy is also physical object
00:28:12.920 because you convert mass and energy
00:28:15.320 that is it is a physical object
00:28:17.340 flow of electron is a physical object and not conscious
00:28:20.720 someone said very beautiful thing and it gave energy in your mind
00:28:24.180 you felt motivated, that is a different energy. we are not talking
about it over here.
00:28:28.200 here the energy formed from physical things
00:28:30.560 is also physical energy
00:28:32.180 whether it is in the flowing form or any other form
00:28:35.760 today you burned coal and with its heat
00:28:39.860 its steam you created electricity by running a turbine
00:28:41.420 all these is physical
00:28:44.160 electricty is also physical
00:28:45.360 steam/vapour is also physical
00:28:46.320 running of turbine, the speed is also physical
00:28:48.480 all these are material things
00:28:51.660 Consciousness is the one
00:28:52.640 on which both these things do no apply
00:28:56.360 they do not take space
00:28:58.480 Nor the sixth sense from these five senses which you call mind, is a
different thing.
00:29:04.500 You cannot perceive these things with these five senses.
00:29:07.800 So whatever you cannot perceive with the five senses
00:29:12.200 and anything that does not takl space
00:29:14.900 broadly consider that
00:29:16.040 it is consciousness or something that comes out of it
00:29:19.940 is thought
00:29:22.200 can you tell which idea of yours is
00:29:24.120 longer than other thought
00:29:25.680 you cannot tell its fat or standing in front or sitting behind
00:29:29.120 it does not takes space
00:29:30.500 emotion also does not takes space
00:29:33.120 right, Have you ever said to yourself that I want to bring a feeling
of goodness
00:29:36.360 But the evil feeling is standing ahead, and not giving it place.
00:29:38.000 get aside evil so that the goodness could come forward
00:29:41.700 no, there is no meaning of such talks because it does not takes space
00:29:46.400 and you cannot see with five sense, you cannot
00:29:49.700 see your thoughts with your eyes, whatever you do
00:29:52.640 you have to conceptualize
00:29:54.980 and the proces of making concept is conscious process
00:29:57.920 over which Socrates has worked a lot
00:29:59.600 Many people in India did a lot of work in the philosophy of justice.
00:30:01.760 but no one
00:30:03.200 says that it is a physical thing
00:30:06.000 Now see how deeply some philosophers are thinking.
00:30:11.160 thinking so deeply they believe that we will consider all these
material things as one
00:30:15.060 tha all these are within one only
00:30:16.580 Seemingly iron, wood, water, electricity are all the same, wind is
also
00:30:19.940 same because all of these have one factor in common that
00:30:23.120 they take space
00:30:25.700 and all these things
00:30:27.660 are same from the inside as well because
00:30:29.580 they also have one common factor that
00:30:30.860 they do not take space and are not perceptible
00:30:33.620 it cannot be percepted by
00:30:37.080 our five senses
00:30:38.160 cannot be observed
00:30:39.180 cannot be experienced
00:30:41.860 but if someone says make them one by merging
00:30:45.160 how will I do that
00:30:48.500 and those who stop here
00:30:51.660 they are called dualist
00:30:52.820 that there are two existences in the ultimate form.
00:30:57.060 one physical and one conscious
00:31:00.120 combine all the physical things
00:31:02.040 and conisder them as one, thats okay
00:31:05.880 but how can I prove by any argument that
00:31:09.620 the physical is the conscious and the conscious is the physical.
00:31:12.840 How do I make thoughts out of iron?
00:31:15.780 and How do I make wood out of emotions?
00:31:18.740 how to do this?
00:31:21.720 but those who wish to do something
00:31:25.800 then they talk about, Monolism saying that
00:31:29.840 only one existence will survive in the end
00:31:32.980 and can yo understand how big the challenge is for them to face?
00:31:37.220 if i sum up the entire conversation until now
00:31:39.140 in simple language, all of you are present right
00:31:41.820 physically means with both body and mind?
00:31:44.900 Sometimes what happens is that the body is there but the mind is not
there.
00:31:48.380 The question is about it. whatever little we talked so far is that
00:31:53.280 what is the reality ultimately
00:31:54.620 if we talk about it using numbers there are three options
00:31:57.680 The most common idea is that there are many existencies
00:32:00.900 and like we read in the Indian philosphy
00:32:04.040 the charvak in India also believe that
00:32:05.880 there are many existencies, even Jains also believe it
00:32:07.820 there are many existencies,
00:32:09.060 Buddhas also believe that there are many existencies, Justice also
believes that
00:32:12.040 Vaisheshikas also believe in this.
00:32:13.500 Mimamsa people also believe this.
00:32:16.200 those who do not believe
00:32:16.920 Only Sankhya Yoga does not believe in it and Vedanta does not believe
in it, others believe in it.
00:32:20.660 that there are many existencies, so if I tell a broad thing to you
that
00:32:25.340 Which path do most of India's philosophers follow?
00:32:28.620 they follow pluralism
00:32:30.060 they follow pluralism that there are many existencies.
00:32:35.120 now lets go more deeper, as it is said
00:32:38.720 will consider all material things as one
00:32:41.220 will consider all conscious things as one, but how toconsider these as
one
00:32:46.500 what is dualism
00:32:49.400 and the philosphy of dualism in India is
00:32:51.780 followed by Sankhya and a little bit by Yoga
00:32:55.280 Because they both have the same metaphylics.
00:32:58.460 Sankhya and Yoga in India
00:33:00.480 Mainly Sankhya is Real Dualist Philosophy.
00:33:03.860 Absolute dualism.
00:33:07.100 Later on, Ramanuja spoke of a Monism Advaita.
00:33:10.400 I said that the special Monism is theirs
00:33:13.560 There is dualism inside, and later a veil has been put over it from
outside from above,
00:33:16.860 The next element will be there
00:33:17.820 Monism will remain, but inside they also believe in Dualism and
00:33:21.260 Madhvacharya is a staunch Dualist, his name itself
00:33:25.140 is Advaitavad of philosophy. These two or three branches believe in
monism.
00:33:28.580 But some people's mind does not agree.
00:33:30.000 they want the ultimate existence to be one
00:33:34.220 And among those
00:33:34.920 who consider the ultimate existence as one, the biggest philosopher in
India
00:33:38.340 is Shankaracharya
00:33:40.300 What is his philosophy called? Advaita Vedanta
00:33:46.460 The fact is that even Ramanuja
00:33:48.740 as well as Vallabhacharya, Nimbarkacharya
00:33:51.620 Whose philosophy are Vishishtadvaita Vad Shuddhadvaita and
00:33:55.800 Advaita Ved
00:33:57.240 Ultimately they also talk about monism.
00:33:59.300 but they put some ifs and buts in it
00:34:02.540 a philosphy that does not have ifs and buts is
00:34:06.000 Advaita Vedanta or Advaita Vedanta of Shankaracharya.
00:34:10.639 To a lesser extent, we will keep
00:34:13.320 the tradition of Buddhist philosophy
00:34:14.280 of secondary nihilism as base
00:34:15.219 But when you will read it, then you will understand that you do not
have to get into the doubts yet
00:34:18.380 similarly there are many philosphers in the west
00:34:22.840 Now I think everyone has understood that
00:34:24.639 there are three types of philosophy according to numbers.
00:34:27.679 Now let's go by nature and the real problem is
00:34:32.460 that what is the ultimate existence like.
00:34:35.120 and it means what happened
00:34:37.719 You can consider one option regarding the ultimate existence
00:34:41.960 Especially if you are a monist, if you are a monotheist.
00:34:45.500 you have to tell if it is inert or conscious
00:34:49.179 Only one of these can be accepted.
00:34:52.820 one way is that
00:34:53.880 you accept that the ultimate existence is of matter
00:34:56.520 that is of inert matter
00:34:58.320 not of conscious
00:35:00.380 But are you understanding how much trouble is going to come in front
of you.
00:35:04.080 you will have to prove how the thoughts appeared
00:35:06.220 from iron and wood
00:35:10.020 because you are not accepting the existence of consciousness
00:35:13.160 are you understanding or am I revising for myself
00:35:14.840 it does not seems like you are understanding
00:35:18.320 did we chose the wrong subject
00:35:20.400 listening to songs was better
00:35:22.120 consider that was also good and so is this
00:35:24.780 Life should not be one sided.
00:35:29.360 there is fun in each side
00:35:30.500 there was a poet Raghuveer Sahay
00:35:31.620 in the m,odern era of Hindi and he wrote beautifully
00:35:34.880 ham to sara ka sara lenge jeevan
00:35:38.140 ham to sara ka sara lenge
00:35:39.860 jeevan kam se kam wali baat na humse kahiye
00:35:43.760 its not like
00:35:44.400 we will just listen to songs
00:35:45.380 or just study philosphy
00:35:47.180 Philosophy in the day, listen to songs in the evening, what is the
problem.
00:35:50.240 The fun is in diversity.
00:35:54.380 why walk on just one path, walk over every path
00:35:57.440 one way is that we accept that the ultimate existence is
00:35:59.820 phsyical and of inert matter too.
00:36:02.300 challenge is that you have to prove
00:36:04.560 That how consciousness
00:36:06.120 i.e. the feeling of thought arises from inert matter.
00:36:10.160 this isn't a easy task
00:36:11.040 proving it is a diffcult ask for scientists
00:36:14.960 All the scientists till date could not prove this even together.
00:36:19.280 Meaning we can theoretically assume
00:36:22.520 that life must have arisen from matter
00:36:25.880 if we follow Darwin.
00:36:26.200 Although Darwin also put a complexity in it,
00:36:30.300 but till date it has not happened in any laboratory
00:36:32.000 that you can create life from material objects
00:36:36.000 Till date it has not happened.
00:36:37.800 This effort is going on, it has been going on for many years,
00:36:41.000 there are stories
00:36:42.020 Hypotheses are too many, assumptions are too many
00:36:44.540 But not a single such real experience has happened so far
00:36:49.100 So life from physical matter and
00:36:51.540 consciousness with life, how to create it,
00:36:54.320 the question will definitely come after that.
00:36:55.100 the second way is that
00:36:58.400 you say no the ultimate existence is only one and that is
00:37:01.680 Consciousness
00:37:05.480 Consciousness
00:37:06.060 is the ultimate existence Thought, feeling, contemplation,
meditation, resolution
00:37:11.240 which we call soul or in today's language we call it brain.
00:37:15.360 thoughst appearing in the mind say that
00:37:16.640 is the ultimate existence , there is no harm in accepting it
00:37:19.940 but then you have to tell how did the iron appeared
00:37:22.940 from thought
00:37:26.000 prove it if you can
00:37:28.980 think in your mind about the thought of iron
00:37:30.240 If iron appears, then we will accept that iron is formed from thought.
00:37:33.720 and if the iron is not appearing
00:37:37.380 because by thinking
00:37:38.060 only the thought of iron appears, it does not actually appears
00:37:42.660 so the people of the other class are believers of consciousness as
ultimate existence
00:37:45.940 as ultimate existence, the problem in front of them is how to prove
00:37:49.440 matter from consciousness
00:37:52.280 and believers of consciousness generally believe that the ultimate
00:37:55.440 existence is of God
00:37:56.700 he is ultimate Consciousness
00:37:58.640 the world was created from him
00:38:01.040 the earlier ones do not believe in God
00:38:03.140 they accept the world as the ultimate existence
00:38:07.140 the third kind go further deep and say its neither this
00:38:13.760 nor that, the ultimate existence
00:38:15.420 is neutral to both of them.
00:38:19.460 The ultimate existence is there, but it is neither of matter nor of
consciousness.
00:38:24.620 is neutral to both of them, do you understand it
00:38:26.880 One person in particular, you might have heard the name.
00:38:30.240 A person named Spinoza has been very important in philosophy, he said
this
00:38:35.520 And the rest when some people become very tired
00:38:37.400 and lose, then they say, no man,
00:38:39.420 We do not accept Dualism and Dualism means that
00:38:44.040 The ultimate existence is of matter as well as of consciousness.
00:38:47.300 why should we get into the debate
00:38:48.000 but dualism also does not gives the solution
00:38:52.160 Very difficult, a poor philosopher in the West
00:38:55.820 was injured trying to prove it, his name was Decart,
00:39:00.480 You might have heard. He said that we have
00:39:01.700 one body, one soul.
00:39:04.920 You have heard that very famous sentence, that, I think therefore I
am.
00:39:08.600 I think, therefore I am, what is the whole story of this thought,
00:39:12.920 he is doing research
00:39:14.960 But the research of philosophy does not take place in the laboratory.
00:39:17.300 That research is done by sitting in a separate corner in a forest.
00:39:21.200 because it has to be done by thinking
00:39:24.500 he said that
00:39:25.020 i will doubt abou everything in the world
00:39:26.900 I will doubt
00:39:28.280 This is called method of doubt, he used to doubt everything.
00:39:31.980 People said it is religion, he said it is useless talk, I will not
agree.
00:39:35.420 Until all my questions are answered,
00:39:37.260 I will not believe anything, he doubted a lot.
00:39:41.460 He doubted everything.
00:39:42.980 These are visible around, he also doubted on them whether it is
actually there or not.
00:39:46.880 Finally a question came to his mind
00:39:49.860 That I am doubting everything.
00:39:54.260 But who is raising this doubt?
00:39:57.300 I'm the one doing it.
00:39:59.780 if i'm doubting everything
00:40:01.200 then at least one thing is certain that there is definitely someone to
doubt.
00:40:06.480 So in the process of doubting
00:40:08.360 at least there has to be one who is doubting.
00:40:13.500 How happy are you guys right now? Yes, what a good conclusion.
00:40:15.040 This was a completely out of date conclusion that came out later.
00:40:19.160 Later came to know that this is nonsense,
00:40:21.560 but at that time people became very crazy about it.
00:40:24.020 that in the process of doubt one cannot doubt one thing
00:40:27.020 And that is that someone is doubting
00:40:30.420 So who is doubting?
00:40:31.920 i think means i doubt basically I doubt therfore I am
00:40:35.160 basically if this is
00:40:37.220 So who is doubting, my hand is not doing it,
00:40:39.860 my leg is not doing it, my eye is not doing it, my head is not doing
it.
00:40:43.920 So someone who doubts can be conscious.
00:40:48.200 That doubt is happening.
00:40:49.260 This means that there is some consciousness within me.
00:40:52.860 And after sharing this story, he proved that there is a soul.
00:40:56.520 nothing was proved through this
00:40:57.360 but he tried
00:40:59.180 He tried to prove that there is a soul.
00:41:03.360 Now a big dilemma came in front of him.
00:41:05.480 He said that the soul is conscious, and what is this body,
00:41:08.940 it is you only.
00:41:10.920 We don't speak like this that my body is moving.
00:41:13.200 You say, I am walking.
00:41:14.840 you calll it as me only
00:41:15.800 And when there is sorrow, consciousness arises, then what do you say,
00:41:19.560 I am thinking
00:41:21.420 So I am the one who thinks, I am also the one who walks.
00:41:23.300 while the thinker me is consciousness.
00:41:25.620 The walking self is physical, the body. ,
00:41:28.860 Now there is a big crisis in front of him, he accepted that
00:41:31.680 The body is a completely different thing.
00:41:33.980 Consciousness is a different thing altogether.
00:41:35.180 Soul is a different thing altogether.
00:41:36.780 Now he has to make others understand that
00:41:39.660 sometimes what happens is that
00:41:42.840 my body becomes inactive due to my bad mood.
00:41:45.440 It happens with everyone.
00:41:47.400 If your mind is not right then the body also does not work
00:41:51.420 and if the body gets hurt then the mind also remains disturbed.
00:41:54.660 It starts to hurt.
00:41:55.740 Discomfort begins to occur.
00:41:58.160 If these two are completely different,
00:42:00.800 then how do they interact with each other?
00:42:04.100 How does the stress of the mind affect the body
00:42:06.680 and how does the problem of the body affect the mind?
00:42:10.680 And the big problem of philosophy that came in front of Decart
00:42:15.500 is that if physical object and consciousness are completely different
00:42:19.320 then you can't interact between them.
00:42:23.240 And is the name of his idea only ineractionism which he got tired of
doing but could not prove anything.
00:42:31.500 Imagine how to prove it.
00:42:33.560 An iron is kept in a room.
00:42:35.460 here is a thought
00:42:37.820 Iron wants to say something to thought.
00:42:40.880 however he tries to say but how will it say
00:42:44.940 qand then the thoughts want that they should say something to iron
00:42:47.660 how will they?
00:42:51.140 That poor fellow
00:42:52.280 had so many fantasies, he said that there is a gland inside the skull,
00:42:56.540 there is a pineal gland, interaction takes place on the basis of these
glands,
00:43:00.260 then people smiled and asked a question, what is the pineal gland.
00:43:03.860 physical or unconscious
00:43:06.080 If it is physical then it becomes iron.
00:43:09.440 If it is conscious then it is a thought
00:43:12.060 and the problem is still there.
00:43:15.500 he was injured
00:43:16.560 The poor fellow could not prove anything. That means the people of
that time
00:43:19.560 applauded a lot, 'Wah! Wow! What have you thought, what have you
thought' But the rest of the people said
00:43:23.160 what do you think man? Did you think like this?
00:43:26.580 there is so much crisis
00:43:29.180 And see some people in this crisis are stubborn people
00:43:31.920 they study day and night
00:43:32.900 They feel like reading and writing so much, they think day and night
00:43:36.740 that's why the family of a true philosopher does not runs well
00:43:39.800 he keeps thinking throughout the day.
00:43:42.300 People go to the same house with food
00:43:43.920 He keeps looking what is this?
00:43:45.980 Is it for real? Whether it is physical or conscious or what it is.
00:43:47.880 That poor thing comes to that level. That's why you will see,
00:43:50.780 great artist, great writer
00:43:51.980 great philosopher, great politician are usually alone.
00:43:56.000 Nowadays there are great politicians too, but
00:43:59.180 but earlier all these people used to walk alone,
00:44:04.320 Because who will be able to communicate with the person
00:44:07.140 who is continuously involved in it
00:44:10.640 So do those who believe that the ultimate existence is matter.
00:44:13.500 They are called, their thoughts are called Materialism.
00:44:18.780 Materialism is called bhautikwaad and jadwaad
00:44:20.640 they both mean the same
00:44:26.160 Materialism, bhautikwaad and jadwaad
00:44:29.580 The only crisis in front of them is
00:44:33.060 how to explain consciousness with physical matter.
00:44:36.740 We will explain this question clearly.
00:44:39.160 But today I want to explain to you
00:44:41.100 the names of all these thinkers, then we will pick them up one by one
00:44:44.960 because evolutionism will also come in materialism,
00:44:47.420 Darwin will also be involved
00:44:48.740 will talk about quantum theory, about Einstein
00:44:49.980 Now the quantum theory has crossed the limit.
00:44:55.340 Quantum means
00:44:56.300 the physics at the atomic and sub-atomic level,
00:44:59.420 which is called modern physics, it is called quantum physics
00:45:02.360 or quantum mechanics.
00:45:05.240 When physics started,
00:45:06.680 if we talk about the scientific revolution of the West.
00:45:09.480 Science is very old in India, After that, we rarely saw
00:45:13.580 new research like this.
00:45:16.560 Science has developed since Renaissance in Europe.
00:45:19.220 We start seeing science from fifteenth, sixteenth century, when
00:45:22.080 Copernicus, Galileo all these people, all these people faced
opposition
00:45:25.280 by religion because these people made
00:45:28.560 some conclusions which were against the Bible
00:45:32.400 Like in the Bible
00:45:33.140 it is believed that the Earth is in the center and the Sun revolves
around it.
00:45:36.980 Which is referred as the belief,
00:45:38.580 that geocentric belief is in the Bible that the earth is in the
center.
00:45:43.560 Copernicus proved that the earth revolves
00:45:45.240 around the sun, it is said that
00:45:48.260 he gave the heliocentric concept that the sun is in the center.
00:45:52.040 he was opposed for this thing
00:45:54.420 on this point that you are falsifying what the Bible says.
00:45:59.540 He said what should I do?
00:46:00.620 Meaning this is what is being proved, what can I do?
00:46:03.560 He was criticized a lot.
00:46:04.920 He was beaten a lot.
00:46:07.680 But it was later proved that
00:46:08.700 Copernicus was right.
00:46:11.000 Galileo said such things that
00:46:15.680 he was beaten a lot and Galileo was told to apologize quietly.
00:46:16.920 if he wanted to live
00:46:18.600 Then he apologized, but he apologized so interestingly,
00:46:22.320 do read Galileo's apology by going to the net, search.
00:46:26.540 He apologized in such language.
00:46:28.140 He said,
00:46:29.340 the research I did, I did it honestly, the conclusions I gave
00:46:31.980 were given honestly
00:46:33.320 and I think
00:46:34.060 the conclusion are right,
00:46:34.860 but still if someone feels bad, I apologize.
00:46:37.980 He asked for forgiveness in this language,
00:46:41.540 and the church forgave him 500 years after his death.
00:46:44.600 While these are individual questions, who will forgive whom,
00:46:48.240 but he was forgiven after 500 years, It was only some 15, 20, 25 years
ago
00:46:52.140 that he was forgiven.
00:46:54.060 So the scientist, the philosophers
00:46:55.500 has to face dangers
00:46:56.820 because when he speaks the truth, its obvious many people
00:46:59.840 envy him
00:47:02.540 When this revolution of science happened, then Newton came in the
seventeenth century. Newton became a prominent i.e. an important scientist,
00:47:09.640 Gravity and its rules all were formed
00:47:13.200 we believe that Physics moved forward
00:47:15.660 on a fast path because of Newton,
00:47:19.500 but Einstein rejected some of the things
00:47:22.440 that Newton said.
00:47:23.940 Einstein is talking about relativity, while the science before him
believes that
00:47:27.140 things are absolutely objective, absolutely fixed.
00:47:30.180 Einstein is saying that all things are relative.
00:47:33.440 And for the first time the possibility of subjectivity
00:47:35.500 in science appears.
00:47:38.580 But Einstein is also not agreeing to that.
00:47:42.300 Later on,
00:47:44.120 when it came to quantum,
00:47:44.700 he said that reading quantum physics feels like God is throwing dice.
00:47:48.960 god does not play rises, God dose not throw dices.
00:47:53.840 no it means
00:47:54.480 We are not understanding it completely. There are some hidden
variables which we are not able to understand.Opinion
00:47:59.580 but time is important
00:48:02.360 Einstein died around 1955.
00:48:06.060 Some experiments were done during his life which were rejecting his
theories
00:48:09.360 and now it is proved that he was wrong
00:48:12.720 And the new concept that has come in quantum physics will shock
00:48:16.160 everyone
00:48:18.240 And some people have started believing that quantum physics has proved
00:48:22.160 that Advaita Vedanta is correct.
00:48:25.620 This is also an explanation, whether it is proved or not, that is a
matter of time
00:48:29.580 what is experiment, try and understand it
00:48:33.900 there is one famous experiment
00:48:35.500 if you have interest in science, I have great interest in science
00:48:36.980 i do not know much of science
00:48:39.120 so i try to understand it as per my work
00:48:43.980 because when it was time to study it in school I didn't
00:48:46.520 now I
00:48:47.400 learn by dedication
00:48:48.200 whatever little I can understand I try
00:48:50.880 understand it
00:48:52.880 do search about double slit experiment
00:48:53.580 on the internet
00:48:55.280 this is a very famous experiment and
00:48:58.800 it is in contnously use from last
00:49:01.080 50-100 years
00:49:04.200 The experiment is that we will
00:49:08.660 send any subatomic particle
00:49:10.500 through a path
00:49:13.700 and see the pattern and the concept
00:49:16.460 is that if it is a wave then the pattern will be formed
00:49:20.480 in a different way in the front wall.
00:49:21.900 if it is a partcile then the pattern will be formned differently
00:49:24.620 Broadly speaking, if there is a particle,
00:49:26.460 then you should understand that like if there are two windows, then
two streams will be formed. if there
00:49:30.260 If there is a wave, because if the waves collide with each other, then
more than two currents will be formed.
00:49:34.040 on the wall of time
00:49:34.940 It's a basic experiment like this, there are thousands of videos on
the net about it.
00:49:40.140 so many experiments were carried out
00:49:43.020 The atomic concept came in the early 19th century.
00:49:48.180 at the very end of the 19th century,
00:49:49.740 the electron was discovered around 1897.
00:49:54.200 Neutrons were discovered in the early 20th century.
00:49:56.940 Proton was discovered, nucleus was discovered and the study of all
these is called quantum physics
00:50:04.160 It is interesting that the world which was going on above the atom.
00:50:07.740 With the advent of quantum physics, all the concepts changed.
00:50:12.300 it was completely shaken
00:50:13.380 complete physics has changed at present and it is called modern
physics
00:50:18.080 what experiment is done nowadays
00:50:21.080 experiment was when we tried
00:50:25.560 and observed by sending light
00:50:28.400 Einstein for the first time said that light is a
00:50:30.320 wave as well as a particle. earlier it was accepted as wave only
00:50:34.060 we considered it as wave
00:50:35.520 Einstein said it is wave and particle both
00:50:38.160 it behaves like both
00:50:39.440 and called it has photon in the particle form
00:50:43.680 and now you will be shocked to know this thing
00:50:46.340 it is very interesting
00:50:49.400 Einstein was shocked with the same in his time
00:50:53.120 light was sent
00:50:55.580 and light was behaving like wave
00:50:59.940 but few things are unclear
00:51:02.420 so to understand them properly a device was created
00:51:05.540 that will observe that experiment
00:51:09.440 and as soon as the device was connected
00:51:12.020 the behaviour of light was like that of a particle
00:51:16.920 he said , what is this spectacle
00:51:19.560 this is a weird spectacle
00:51:21.860 as soon as the device was removed
00:51:23.940 it was again behaving like wave
00:51:26.320 How did it become like a wave? It was found out from the images being
made on the front wall.
00:51:30.900 As soon as the device was connected
00:51:32.780 it became particle
00:51:36.780 now this experiment was repeated hundred of times
00:51:39.500 and everytime the result was same
00:51:43.040 And what is the belief of
00:51:45.180 the winners of the 2022 Nobel Prize,
00:51:48.980 that light is photons,
00:51:52.080 on seeing them their behaviour changes
00:51:56.460 this is complete transformation of the physical object
00:52:01.280 Otherwise what difference will it make to the physical object
00:52:03.440 that I am seeing it.
00:52:05.360 Sartre said,
00:52:06.480 many philosphers said that human are effected
00:52:09.420 If I start seeing you continuously, or you see someone continuously,
00:52:12.140 then the behavior starts changing,
00:52:12.960 gets upset. This happens in humans,
00:52:15.300 happens in animals too
00:52:17.480 But has it ever happened
00:52:18.320 that you are constantly looking at your pen
00:52:19.880 and the pen starts moving.
00:52:21.000 do not try it, it has never happened
00:52:24.560 Although Sahaja Yoga practitioners and many others claim
00:52:27.140 that they bend spoons with their eyes,
00:52:30.420 this claim is of many traditions.
00:52:35.000 But people also doubt it, how will they believe until they see it on
their own
00:52:38.660 But quantum physics is says
00:52:40.040 that when observed, the behavior of light becomes that of a particle.
00:52:43.820 otherwise it is of wave, and I am not saying this
00:52:47.920 three scientists have got noble prize for this
00:52:49.740 ther are not just random people, they have received noble prize.
00:52:52.920 for this year, 2022, they are saying this
00:52:56.420 and quantum physics has told
00:52:57.060 another dangerous thing
00:53:00.080 on which also Einstein was furious
00:53:03.660 the complete philosphy is based on
00:53:05.000 one theory of causation, that is everything has a reason
00:53:09.440 quantum physics has
00:53:11.660 destroyed the theory of causation
00:53:14.160 maybe the theory of causation will be rejected
00:53:16.500 from quantum physics
00:53:18.480 And what is that research, these people have proved that research.
00:53:22.020 it is called quantum entanglement
00:53:25.200 Entanglement means the joining of two things.
00:53:29.700 Till now what do we think, that if there is a physical object,
00:53:33.260 anything will come in it only when there is some pressure on it,
00:53:37.580 some touch.
00:53:38.360 Even if it is air, if something touches it, it will change.
00:53:43.200 we do not believe that
00:53:44.300 it will change just by someone's sight
00:53:46.140 Firstly, it has been proved that changes are taking place by seeing,
00:53:50.840 And if change is taking place by seeing, then it means
00:53:52.280 the belief of Sakshi Chaitanya in the philosophy of Shankaracharya
00:53:56.280 that Brahma
00:53:57.320 is just the observer of the world like a dream.
00:54:01.080 th whole world
00:54:01.680 is only one observation and from that observation only things are
changing.
00:54:06.560 Sankhya Darshan is saying that just by being close to the Purusha,
that is, the soul,
00:54:10.700 changes start coming in nature, that is, in material things.
00:54:15.320 The situation is strange, the things which we used to think as a joke,
00:54:18.500 it seems that some way is coming out of it.
00:54:21.900 this has happened for the first time
00:54:22.640 that by observing some physical object
00:54:24.440 its nature has changed
00:54:26.380 and the second explination is even
00:54:31.080 We believe that if there will be some external influence,
00:54:33.500 if there will be pressure then there will be change in any physical
object.
00:54:38.120 Now there is a concept of
00:54:38.820 quantum entanglement, which means
00:54:42.380 that at the subatomic level, at any electron, proton, neutron level,
00:54:45.560 it is possible that a subatomic particle may be connected to
00:54:53.120 another subatomic
00:54:54.280 particle somewhere else,
00:54:58.280 Somewhere else can mean not only on the earth but also on the moon.
00:55:00.800 It can also happen on the Sun.
00:55:02.540 Could be in some other galaxy too.
00:55:05.760 could be billions of light years away too
00:55:10.640 and what is the interesting thing in it
00:55:13.980 There is such a connection
00:55:17.060 between them that the particle that behaves here will have
00:55:21.320 exactly the opposite behavior there.
00:55:25.280 and the most dangerous thing
00:55:26.940 there is no time lapse in these two incidents
00:55:31.440 not even a lapse of 1/1000th part of second
00:55:35.400 it will happen together on both the places
00:55:38.900 and Einstein and physics were of the beleif that
00:55:41.900 nothing travels faster than light
00:55:45.920 in simple terms, what is the speed of light
00:55:48.380 around 3 lakh kilometers per second
00:55:51.000 sunlight reaches here after 8 minutes
00:55:54.140 whenever you see the sun
00:55:54.560 it is the eight-minute old ray not the current one
00:55:58.280 this is so because the rays have reached after 8 minutes
00:56:01.020 to us
00:56:02.840 that is the sunlight has reached to us
00:56:04.940 in 8 minutes
00:56:06.800 But if there are two particles
00:56:09.780 that are entangled,
00:56:10.860 one is on the Earth and one is on the Sun.
00:56:13.920 Communication is happening between them in zero seconds
00:56:18.840 and on this Einstein had said that no, something is wrong.
00:56:22.320 There are some hidden variables which we are not able to understand,
00:56:24.480 But these three scientists proved that it is absolutely correct.
00:56:29.640 but if it's the right thing
00:56:30.300 If it is true, then it is possible
00:56:33.600 that if something happens on this earth,
00:56:36.180 its reason may not be on this earth.
00:56:39.920 something may shake there
00:56:41.960 and then shakes here as well
00:56:43.860 and we ask it why are you shaking and slap it that why are you shaking
00:56:48.000 that poor fellow is entangles with something in another galaxy
00:56:51.840 And if there are any conditions
00:56:53.820 rejecting the speed of light,
00:56:56.940 communication is so fast then probably
00:57:00.140 in the near future big changes are
00:57:01.880 going to come in Philosophy along with Physics.
00:57:04.160 A good philosopher in today's world is one who goes along with
physics,
00:57:07.460 goes along with chemistry, goes along with biology.
00:57:10.280 You cannot study philosophy without reading Darwin's Evolution.
00:57:13.680 In today's world, it would be foolish
00:57:15.200 if you work only by studying philosophy and do not study science.
00:57:19.260 However, what does materialism mean,
00:57:23.900 which believes that the ultimate existence is material. And the
consciousness,
00:57:26.960 the thoughts, where are they all made from?
00:57:30.020 They are made of physical existence, they are made of matter.
00:57:32.880 If you want to know who these people are,
00:57:35.840 then if you look at Indian philosophy, then there is only one
philosophy called Charvak.
00:57:39.900 the reason why you came for class today
00:57:42.960 In the whole of Indian philosophy there is only one philosopher,
00:57:45.300 there is only one tradition, Charvaka, which is materialistic.
00:57:48.980 In simple terms, if nothing is conscious then everything is physical.
00:57:53.120 ask them how it became consciousness
00:57:55.200 how are we able to think
00:57:57.320 Their examples are very interesting, those people always enjoy eating
00:57:59.900 i am just saying this in fun
00:58:02.640 their thoughts are very deep when you read them.
00:58:05.180 After two to four lectures, you will find that the matter is very
deep.
00:58:07.100 He has spoken very deeply and some of his words
00:58:11.160 can prove to be true even today.
00:58:12.760 there is still such possibility
00:58:15.440 At that time he was saying and all his original books were finished.
00:58:18.560 We do not have a single book which is his original book.
00:58:21.860 Generally, what we read about him, we read in the context of his
critics,
00:58:26.360 which idea was criticized, condemned,
00:58:29.780 criticized by the critics.
00:58:31.100 And those
00:58:31.640 critics
00:58:32.220 who will read through critics,
00:58:33.560 it is a obvious their side will not come out properly.
00:58:35.600 Some arguments may have been omitted, some may have been brought
wrongly,
00:58:39.020 there is a danger of all those things, isn't there?
00:58:41.720 charvak said
00:58:42.300 that consciousness is no different thing
00:58:46.140 like if you eat paan
00:58:47.960 his examples are like these only, he uses betel, alcohol in every
example
00:58:51.900 means its not sure what he say, it just what is
00:58:55.980 is said. like alcohol
00:58:58.080 at that time might be made from jaggery so he gave
00:58:59.280 the example of jaggery
00:59:02.100 kinaw dibhyo, madya shakti vad vigyanam
00:59:04.020 his statement is very famous, kinaw means
00:59:07.080 like there is jaggery
00:59:09.360 jaggery does not contain intoxication
00:59:11.580 But in the same jaggery when the process of fermentation will happen.
00:59:14.000 When the process of fermentation takes place, intoxication happens.
00:59:18.200 There is betel, the betel leaf is not turn red.
00:59:20.540 have you seen betel nut, it also
00:59:21.500 isn't red, catechu is also not red, chuna is also not red.
00:59:24.980 But when all these are mixed and chewed, it turns red.
00:59:28.920 In the same way this whole universe is made up of four great elements.
00:59:33.620 It must have come to your mind that there are five, no no, there are
four in Charvak.
00:59:39.180 Many people consider four, leave the sky.
00:59:40.700 earth, water, air, fire
00:59:45.180 All things are created by mixing
00:59:47.180 these four things in different proportions.
00:59:50.700 and consciousness also develops from a special proportion of this.
00:59:55.440 His answer is that
00:59:57.440 consciousness is nothing, it is made of material things.
01:00:00.620 people say how is this possible
01:00:03.840 But in today's time there is one more thing.
01:00:06.480 The computer
01:00:08.120 has all the physical things but the computer is capable
01:00:12.720 of thinking and processing.
01:00:14.480 playing language games and even doing translation.
01:00:16.580 is capable of artificial intelligence.
01:00:20.400 Because such things can happen in a computer made of physical things,
01:00:23.880 then why can't it happen in a body made of physical things.
01:00:26.400 Nowadays, ever since computers and artificial intelligence etc.,
01:00:30.240 have evolved, virtual reality has evolved followers of Charvak are
very happy
01:00:33.540 that our words are going to prove to be quite right.
01:00:35.720 Just then quantum appeared. They are saying that the behavior
01:00:38.100 of a physical object will change by seeing it. They are very happy
with it
01:00:42.600 that Consciousness can change material things as well.
01:00:45.440 They are praising quantum nowadays
01:00:50.820 And Charvak are focusing on computer. So there are Charvakas in India.
01:00:52.080 And if you look at modern times, you must have heard the name of a
person,
01:00:54.660 MN Roy, have you?
01:00:57.940 Manabendra Nath Roy, he was a Marxist thinker. Later he
01:01:01.080 separated from Marxism.When the Soviet Union was formed, Lenin was the
head of it
01:01:05.460 and he was Lenin's advisor.
01:01:07.080 He was a very famous person.
01:01:09.840 He was Lenin's advisor, after that when Stalin came
01:01:12.480 there were some differences with him, so he came back to India.
01:01:16.380 After differences with Stalin, the path is usually towards the other
world.
01:01:20.900 But it was his good fortune that even after living in this world,
01:01:25.040 they kept discussing for a long time.
01:01:28.340 There are many materialistic people
01:01:28.820 in the West.
01:01:32.660 The early people in the West were able to think materialistically.
01:01:36.500 The first philosopher was Thales, some people call him Thales,
01:01:38.700 some people call him Thaelis,
01:01:42.240 I don’t know how they think of it
01:01:43.340 He said that the ultimate existence is water.
01:01:48.080 The universe is created from water.
01:01:50.720 People said explain a bit about how fire was created with water
01:01:54.620 You are not able to explain properly but saying its created from water
01:01:59.100 He had a neighbor who said
01:02:03.020 Its made of air. His name was Anaximenes
01:02:07.200 The third Helictites said that this world is made of fire.
01:02:11.760 So this was going on, that it is made of fire, made of water, made of
air.
01:02:15.360 After that, a man named Empedocles,
01:02:17.720 we will read about all this, he told,
01:02:19.100 He is similar to Charvak
01:02:22.160 Maybe like two brothers who got separated
01:02:24.860 One went to Greece and the other stayed here
01:02:28.920 and his name is Empedocles
01:02:30.320 He says world is made of four great elements,
01:02:33.540 the same four that Charvak was saying.
01:02:36.620 Then there was a very famous philosopher named Democrats
01:02:39.660 Who says that
01:02:40.440 The world is made of atoms.
01:02:42.860 In India, they talk about humanism over four philosophies.
01:02:45.840 Some people in the West also believe this.
01:02:48.180 That is, there are many people and in modern times, if you want to
remember the name of one person,
01:02:50.600 You must be familiar to Karl Marx.
01:02:54.260 Who is the biggest materialist of modern times,
01:02:56.840 Karl Marx.
01:02:59.760 Those who do not believe in him say that
01:03:01.460 Consciousness is the ultimate existence and the person
01:03:04.220 who believes in Consciousness speaks the ideology of that person.
01:03:06.720 Idealism or many times referred as Spiritualism
01:03:15.020 Pratyaywaad or vigyanwaad
01:03:16.580 or adhyatmawaad in Hindi
01:03:20.340 But if we use English words
01:03:22.800 Then there will be ease in understandingDon’t get confused, at times
the Hindi translation
01:03:25.020 is different in different books
01:03:28.980 Whenever someone says idealism, consider
01:03:29.960 that their existence is of conscious matter.
01:03:33.980 what is the crisis in front of them
01:03:35.580 that how to prove physical from conscious.
01:03:38.880 How to explain, how the iron formed from thought
01:03:42.060 There are two ways
01:03:44.720 One is, that there is no iron
01:03:48.120 It’s just thought
01:03:50.700 And the second is that the thought is, a delusion, a confusion.
01:03:55.320 it's an illusion.
01:03:58.100 Talking of Indian tradition, Shankaracharya is at the apex
01:04:01.469 Advaita Vedanta which believes that the material things are illusory.
01:04:07.400 You must have heard the word illusory
01:04:09.440 Illusory means it is not ultimately true.
01:04:12.120 The ultimate existence is consciousness only and Hegel was a person in
the West,
01:04:15.600 for now you just keep these two names in mind,
01:04:18.600 Hegel believes that the world.
01:04:21.380 is not illusory but the material things that are
01:04:24.560 seen those are actually thoughts
01:04:26.840 You must be feeling strange, so let me tell you by playing a little
game.
01:04:31.460 There is another philosophy in India, very dangerous, which is called
Yogachar Vigyanvad,
01:04:34.440 It appeared in the Buddhist tradition and in Berkeley in the West
01:04:39.300 Both of them
01:04:39.980 have said almost the same thing and have said such a dangerous thing,
01:04:43.160 I will explain it in 2 minutes
01:04:45.320 Both of them believe that physical things do not exist.
01:04:48.020 The chair you are sitting on is not physical
01:04:51.920 Don’t worry you won’t fall but
01:04:53.780 According to them you are not sitting on a physical thing
01:04:56.760 This pen is not physical
01:04:59.540 You must be thinking they are weird
01:05:00.120 They do not even have common sense and are philosophers You must be
thinking e will be better philosophers than hem
01:05:08.520 The truth is that you will not even be able to reject them.
01:05:11.900 When you will listen to them properly,
01:05:13.340 you will not be able to reject them.
01:05:16.860 Lets play a short game
01:05:18.420 Will get in the details later
01:05:20.820 This is a pen
01:05:22.820 You have to decide whether this pen
01:05:25.320 is real or not, a physical object or not.
01:05:28.940 How will you decide
01:05:32.060 First you will see
01:05:33.240 Because you can see it, you will not smell or taste it
01:05:36.660 Because tongue has nothing to do in it
01:05:39.920 This is a case of touch and see
01:05:43.260 These two senses will work in this, isn’t it?
01:05:45.260 You saw and
01:05:46.440 Said it’s a pen, there’s nothing to think in it
01:05:49.740 But when you saw then what did you observed
01:05:52.520 You are saying you saw the pen but no you didn’t
01:05:55.580 Because the concept of pen is already there in your mind.
01:05:59.000 That's why you saw it and said that it is a pen.
01:06:02.160 If you had seen a pen, then when a very small child. would have seen
it for the first time, would he have called it a pen?
01:06:07.560 But a very small child who has never seen a pen, will not call it a
pen.
01:06:11.580 He will call it a pen when you will tell him that
01:06:15.840 So did you understood
01:06:19.280 You saw a 5-6 inch thin image which is long
01:06:21.660 A little round and it pointed at one end
01:06:24.840 You saw such an image not a pen
01:06:27.920 Pen is what you have called it
01:06:30.680 See all of you are laughing
01:06:31.620 It feels like magic is going to happen and it does happens
01:06:36.800 When you will get into the yogachar vigyanwaad Brekley, Then its
difficult to get out of those ideas
01:06:41.400 It’s difficult to understand it
01:06:45.180 So what you saw was
01:06:45.720 A black image
01:06:48.800 Then you touched
01:06:51.240 Sometime there are click pens as well
01:06:51.720 So you clicked it this way
01:06:56.360 But since you know that a thing to e clicked this way is called a pen
so
01:06:59.720 You said its a pen otherwise you wouldn’t
01:07:02.660 Otherwise what would have you said, something that is hard
01:07:06.120 Is round, is this much long and is not pointed
01:07:10.640 Its not too soft as well
01:07:15.180 And then what did you do?
01:07:17.420 When the experience of hardness is
01:07:21.000 Also added to the special image
01:07:24.680 Then you gave it the name pen
01:07:26.660 By fixing that image
01:07:29.340 in your mind
01:07:31.460 And whenever those experiences started matching,
01:07:33.140 you said I have a pen in my hand.
01:07:37.580 That’s all
01:07:38.960 You must be thinking you are stuck n the wrong place
01:07:43.100 You must be feeling like a juggler
01:07:46.560 Right?
01:07:48.960 But if you see
01:07:52.380 Philosophy is a very big problem
01:07:54.440 And Kant who happened to be the greatest philosopher for me.
01:07:59.000 He said in the end
01:08:01.280 Are there things in the world or not
01:08:03.960 We cannot learn about them as
01:08:06.960 Our range is only up to the experiences that we are experiencing
01:08:11.340 What are we experiencing, hard and black that’s it
01:08:16.920 Are there things beyond it or not, are they like this or not
01:08:20.160 We cannot claim
01:08:23.520 And that day he said that what all we know
01:08:26.840 That is the phenomenon that we all are seeing.
01:08:30.840 What we are not able to know is nominal, we cannot know about the
actual thing
01:08:34.580 Now the one who reaches this level says that we may not get material
things, we get two types of experiences
01:08:40.500 and whatever experiences we got, the consciousness gets them
01:08:44.000 In the form of thoughts
01:08:45.979 So there is a world of thoughts
01:08:49.279 Some thoughts are being perceived by the two senses, some thoughts
01:08:51.439 are being perceived by 3 and some by one
01:08:53.760 Understand these little things
01:08:55.420 We will continue if you are interested
01:08:57.140 Otherwise don’t taket oo much load
01:09:00.060 Shankara said that the ultimate existence is of Brahma
01:09:02.340 And this world is illusory and Hegel said that accept it of Brahman
only.
01:09:06.060 The world is also not illusory, it is in the form of thoughts, I have
used this example many times.
01:09:11.899 Imagine that you are sleeping and dreaming.
01:09:15.460 You must be dreaming these days.
01:09:17.920 We see dreams in every age its just the nature of dreams changes
01:09:21.420 So in your dream you saw that
01:09:23.460 You are playing. Here are 4-5 friends with you
01:09:27.260 Or you are sitting in a party at a restaurant You are enjoying and a
lot of food and drinks are placed there
01:09:37.399 Everyone is doing
01:09:39.300 Cheers that is
01:09:40.580 It is someone’s birthday
01:09:41.540 Then you
01:09:42.080 Celebrated, and then everyone had food
01:09:45.300 consumed some food and drinks,
01:09:48.120 In your dream
01:09:50.880 Now you have to tell that you are also in the dreams and
01:09:54.180 Other people are also there
01:09:56.720 The friends in your dreams are
01:10:00.140 physical
01:10:00.880 They are conscious
01:10:03.800 Its very interesting, you are feeling that everything in the dream
01:10:09.800 Is real, but The friends in your dreams are physical.
01:10:12.500 They are conscious
01:10:13.760 That is a thought
01:10:14.660 Its only conscious and you are able to live it
01:10:19.220 That is also conscious and whatever you were eating
01:10:22.380 Samosa or chicken or whatever you eat
01:10:24.960 What is that, that means you had conscious samosa
01:10:27.680 basically
01:10:28.740 And you drank conscious beverages
01:10:33.420 And your friends who are living humans
01:10:35.920 are conscious in your dreams
01:10:39.380 and those who are conscious friends,
01:10:41.460 friend number one and
01:10:42.760 friend number two, what they are for each other, they are also
conscious.
01:10:46.920 They are a part of your conscious
01:10:50.540 Ut they seem to be physical
01:10:52.740 In the dream you feel that everything is physical, but everything is
conscious.
01:10:58.340 So what Hegal is trying to say is
01:11:00.740 that assume that God is dreaming
01:11:05.100 and we are all in that dream.
01:11:08.340 Next level
01:11:12.180 And whatever you are doing
01:11:13.920 You are doing in his consciousness
01:11:16.580 Like you friends are dancing in your deam
01:11:20.880 What are we all, got it?
01:11:23.700 Maybe we are
01:11:27.020 just thoughts in God's dream.
01:11:32.300 Like my friends come in my dream
01:11:34.940 And many physical things appear
01:11:36.600 But at that time all of them are conscious
01:11:39.680 But now all the people in the dream are feeling that they are
physical,
01:11:42.980 they are drinking, eating and dancing as well.
01:11:45.840 Music is also playing and upon waking up in the morning you get to
know it was a dream.
01:11:48.840 Everything was only Consciousness.
01:11:52.580 There is a good possibility
01:11:53.000 and the sign of
01:11:54.880 quantum physics is also very dangerous
01:11:57.920 that light is changing by seeing, photons are made by seeing.
01:12:03.680 And if it is true then a lot can happen with God’s sight
01:12:08.060 So I am just hinting that the people of spiritualism,
01:12:10.840 people of etherealism,
01:12:11.700 interpret this universe in this way.
01:12:14.540 Then you will ask how can iron be manufactured from thought
01:12:16.820 They will say, dream
01:12:20.520 Get iron in dreams.
01:12:21.760 What is iron in dream? that is a thought itself.
01:12:24.120 And you are rote learning the periodic table
01:12:26.780 You crammed 118 elements.
01:12:30.200 You memorized their isotopes, the number of protons.
01:12:34.160 At the end, you got to know they are just thought.
01:12:37.300 So there is one aspect of philosophy.
01:12:40.300 Some have gone crazy
01:12:41.580 They don’t wish to get involved into this
01:12:46.680 They gave a stream of thought
01:12:47.360 Which is known as neutralism
01:12:51.680 Here, remember the name of
01:12:54.680 Spinoza, however William, James, Burton, Russell
01:12:58.760 Are also there. In India this thought is not supported.
01:13:04.200 Thus there is no Indian philosopher in this thought.
01:13:07.960 Around 18th century, Spinoza
01:13:10.260 Was a famous person.
01:13:13.300 And Burton Russell and William James belonged to 20th century
01:13:17.340 James is from America, Russell from England
01:13:21.660 You will understand Spinoza
01:13:23.400 In a minute
01:13:25.640 They are of view that God has
01:13:28.340 Infinite qualities.
01:13:31.380 To understand this, imagine this
01:13:34.420 There are five senses
01:13:36.540 And I’ve heard many fools say that there is no God.
01:13:39.140 Because God cannot be seen.
01:13:41.520 This is a sign of foolishness.
01:13:43.965 Means if You claim God, that is a sign of foolishness.
01:13:46.880 But if they negate His presence, that is also a sign.
01:13:51.300 They say, they cannot see God.
01:13:52.580 Thus there is no God. If He wishes to fool around
01:13:56.700 Then God can, by making five senses
01:14:00.840 And the sixth sense through which we get to know God
01:14:03.840 God will not give you that.
01:14:06.060 And people are roaming around as if there is no God.
01:14:09.620 Imagine this, I had heard about a city
01:14:10.580 When I used to hear stories, even you must gave heard that
01:14:12.500 A person with good sight
01:14:15.140 Went to a land of blinds.
01:14:16.800 Have you heard the story?
01:14:19.800 I cannot recall the name of story but it was in school curriculum.
01:14:23.840 I will make you understand. A person with good sight
01:14:25.680 Healthy, and by mistake went to a place where everyone is blind.
01:14:32.160 There must have been some problem, pandemic, epidemic.
01:14:35.300 Thus everyone is blind.
01:14:38.640 And let’s assume that for past 10 thousand years
01:14:40.860 Nobody cannot see thus they have forgotten that anyone can see
01:14:45.500 Around them. They don’t know what is sight.
01:14:48.740 Somebody went there. Nobody could see, but the remaining Became
stronger through which they are doing all the work
01:14:54.500 There are many organisms who cannot see.
01:14:56.460 There are organsisms with three senses, two senses.
01:14:57.720 They are also alive then what difference does this makes.
01:15:01.560 We can see
01:15:03.480 So, who is five-senses being, its human beings,
01:15:06.020 Like donkey
01:15:07.820 Dog, horse don’t compare all this.
01:15:11.900 But yes, we are some of the living beings with five senses.We are
considered to be the most intelligent creatures in that category.
01:15:19.520 well, lets assume that you are in a civilization where no one can see.
01:15:23.054 Now he is a man. I read the story in school. School means it was in
our syllabus.
01:15:28.340 now the man went there
01:15:30.240 Some people caught him thinking that he is foreigner.
01:15:33.980 He asked, can't you see?
01:15:37.800 they are talking among themselves that this man is talking nonsense.
01:15:40.520 He is saying that he cannot see, what is this.
01:15:45.460 Arrest him, take him away.
01:15:48.240 they went to the police to register a complaint that
01:15:50.880 this man talks in a nonsense way
01:15:52.040 Says he can't see, speaks meaningless things.
01:15:56.180 He is saying to the policeman that I can really see.
01:15:59.460 Even you can't see.
01:16:02.000 Police says that I am the witness that he talks nonsense,
01:16:05.820 He was doing it in front of me too.
01:16:08.720 police Arrested him and case started.
01:16:11.220 Judges' bench was sitting.
01:16:13.440 the Judges asked about the matter , the lawyer asked what is the
matter,
01:16:17.400 sir, I can see but you don't know what it is to see.
01:16:21.260 I can see you
01:16:22.380 You are sitting in front of me, you are wearing such clothes that I
can see you.
01:16:26.400 Judges are talking among themselves, that the allegations are correct,
01:16:30.780 even in front of us
01:16:31.520 He is committing a crime.
01:16:33.960 Then it was decided that this man speaks wrong things.
01:16:37.080 incites everyone, speaks about some supernatural powers
01:16:41.960 that no human can ever have.
01:16:44.160 He seems to be an quack, a Tantrik type of man.
01:16:47.420 disturbing the whole society.
01:16:49.220 He should be punished severely.
01:16:51.500 He was imprisoned for 10 years.
01:16:55.260 Now he is upset thinking that
01:16:56.700 he is telling the truth that he can see
01:17:01.140 So go to the next level of it.
01:17:03.080 Because we are able to see, isn't it? next level,
01:17:06.960 may be there is certain way to know the god
01:17:09.980 There must be sixth or seventh sense which God has not given us.
01:17:14.700 And may be he is enjoying sitting around us.
01:17:18.420 as if someone can't see him
01:17:20.580 That guy is making such guesses.
01:17:22.320 But someone is troubling him who is following him.
01:17:25.820 He is trying but not able to catch him.
01:17:26.760 Or going back and forth.
01:17:30.380 It could also be that God is having fun behind our back.
01:17:32.480 because
01:17:34.020 He has not given us the power by which we can know Him.
01:17:37.080 The rest of the powers were given to have fun with each other, but the
man cannot know the god.
01:17:40.680 I will not give such a power through which you can know me, rest of
all you can know, enjoy.
01:17:45.960 And that's why a poet has written a very good couplet,
01:17:49.020 they do not the way to feel the god
01:17:54.260 who says, if there is god
01:17:58.140 It must be visible.
01:18:00.180 Why it is to be visible,
01:18:02.480 It can exist even without being seen.
01:18:04.580 A number of invisible things exists,
01:18:08.420 So you should understand Spinoza
01:18:09.960 so assume that there is a god
01:18:13.020 Who has thousands, millions of innumerable qualities
01:18:17.900 And he created the situation that man
01:18:20.300 And the rest of the creatures will be able to see only my two
qualities
01:18:24.480 And one of those Qualities will be called Matter.
01:18:26.780 another would be
01:18:28.460 consciousness
01:18:30.680 the power to know the rest of my qualities
01:18:32.700 I will not give other powers to them
01:18:35.880 And you are with these two powers whether it is matter or
consciousness,
01:18:38.180 consciousness or matter, and God is enjoying that there are 500 more
powers that I haven't even told you yet
01:18:41.700 He didn't even tell.
01:18:46.440 That's why Spinoza is saying that
01:18:47.820 The ultimate element is neutral, it is neither matter nor
consciousness.
01:18:52.160 Our limitation is that we are able to see only two power of that
neutral.
01:18:56.520 Matter, Consciousness..
01:19:00.240 material or conscious cannot be ultimate truth,
01:19:02.580 There is no such boundation, there is no such compulsion.
01:19:06.740 you can see how deep is philosophy, in this, Spinoza was a very deep
philosopher,
01:19:10.040 very deep philosopher
01:19:12.020 and Spinoza
01:19:12.620 is among the people of the world who believe in determinism
01:19:15.700 which mean
01:19:17.540 whatever is happening we are not doing
01:19:20.320 it is decided from there.
01:19:23.340 And people told him that the this will not work
01:19:25.420 they Said, the truth will remain true if it does not work.
01:19:28.020 Now if I tell a lie for the sake of the world, not possible.
01:19:30.800 Really it is so.
01:19:33.080 Everything is predestined, pre determined
01:19:37.160 you all are nodding very well,
01:19:40.040 but it is also being directed from above.
01:19:44.420 We are all puppets, the strings are in someone else's hands.
01:19:47.280 he controls and the people think that they are controlling themselves.
01:19:51.120 Nothing, even we cannot move our hand, it is moving from there.
01:19:54.380 Determinism, the perfect determinism.
01:19:57.260 Very few people believed, one of whom is Spinoza.
01:19:59.720 we will discuss about spinoza someday
01:20:02.160 The last is dualism, these are the people who say
01:20:04.640 We accept both and conclude the matter.
01:20:07.400 they accept matter and Consciousness both, like the Samkhya philosophy
which I mentioned
01:20:11.660 to a certain extent Ramanuja, in the west Plato and Aristotle also
almost
01:20:15.480 accept dualism
01:20:16.640 And the decart that I had told you, the man who was trapped.
01:20:20.480 In the end, he also does not believe, makes up a story, brings God.
01:20:23.280 But as long as he comes to God, he remains a dualist.
01:20:27.780 now to sum up
01:20:28.800 If I try to sum it up in a diagram,
01:20:31.040 If you can understand then you will enjoy it.
01:20:34.320 Don't lose your enthusiasm for life after listening all this. You
should enjoy and have party in the evening.
01:20:38.400 party must go on as usual. Now party on the fact that no one knows,
01:20:41.840 Even I do not know.
01:20:44.300 Eat a samosa on this, what is the problem.
01:20:46.800 Samosa I'm saying, whatever you eat means
01:20:47.240 I do not know.
01:20:49.340 What you all like?
01:20:51.440 Let's take a look at these two things together
01:20:53.660 What we have discussed so far
01:20:56.640 I said that there are three views by number.
01:20:59.340 what is the first,
01:21:03.120 you do not remember
01:21:05.820 The first is Monism. what does Monism meaning in Hindi?
01:21:09.740 it is Ekvaad
01:21:11.420 simply means that the ultimate truth or power,
01:21:14.760 is only one.
01:21:18.440 What will happen if we move on from monotheism?
01:21:23.420 then Dualism comes and in hindi it is dwaitvaad
01:21:28.920 What will be the third?
01:21:33.380 Pluralism, you can call it Anekvaad, i am using simple words.
01:21:37.880 Some people call it bahulvaad, some call it बहुतत्ववाद.
01:21:40.220 bahu does not mean daughter-in-law here
01:21:44.160 it means
01:21:45.840 It means in the sense of variety.
01:21:49.580 So there are three paths, the ultimate power is one,
01:21:51.300 or two.There are many power, it is so simple, it is okay. Now whoever
believes that there is one,
01:21:55.860 he does not have option,
01:22:00.480 either accept material,
01:22:02.660 Or he will become idealist.
01:22:05.580 What does idealism mean? Consciousness.
01:22:08.600 Or he will assume to be neutral.
01:22:12.440 Tell me, can I explain you three words?
01:22:15.060 First, there are some people who believe in materialistic monism.
01:22:19.140 The ultimate power is one and is physical.
01:22:25.260 Some believe in idealistic monism
01:22:26.900 That the ultimate power is one but it is conscious.
01:22:30.920 Some say that the ultimate power is one but neutral, believing in
neutralistic monism.
01:22:35.280 With these words, people create fear in philosophy
01:22:37.220 that I am a neutral monist
01:22:41.960 I am a pluralistic, plurolistic, those people create fear.
01:22:47.160 Don't be afraid, all these words are very easy, just understand once.
01:22:50.100 You will understand the meaning, you will understand what is the
problem.
01:22:53.720 who is materialistic monist ?
01:22:54.500 they believe that the ultimate power is one, that is physical,
01:22:58.260 as thales
01:23:01.220 What did he say, what is the ultimate power?
01:23:03.000 water
01:23:04.700 Water is the ultimate power.
01:23:06.960 i.e. the ultimate entity is one but physical
01:23:10.760 Those who say that the ultimate power is one but conscious, mention
Shankaracharya.
01:23:14.220 Brahman or Hegel or the Absolute Idea say,
01:23:19.160 one is conscious
01:23:22.160 One is neutral, Spinoza
01:23:26.960 when i used to teach philosophy
01:23:27.920 Ten years ago, for the ease of students, i used to say that it would
not be possible
01:23:31.880 there was a bowler in cricket, he was not getting the ball to spin,
01:23:35.300 so he said to the ball spin ho jaa naa
01:23:38.480 with this trick the student used to remember, yes, spin ho jaa, spin
ho jaa, spin ho jaa.Used to remember who the philosopher is, Spinoza,
01:23:44.220 Whenever I say his name,
01:23:47.420 I remember that scene, spin ho jaa.
01:23:50.960 Some say dualism... dualism is very simple.
01:23:53.280 Whoever believes in dualism, will believe the
01:23:54.360 existence of both the Matter and Consciousness. for them the matter is
over.
01:23:58.680 you can put sankhya darshan,
01:23:59.420 Plato and Aristotle in that category.
01:24:03.120 Now the people who believe in Pluralism saying that there are many
powers.
01:24:05.700 What options do they have,
01:24:08.060 There are many powers, but all are material
01:24:12.120 so pluralistic materialism or
01:24:13.340 Will call it materialistic pluralism.
01:24:16.640 There are many powers, but all are Conscious.
01:24:20.400 There are many power, but all are neutral.
01:24:24.020 There are many power and some of them are matter,
01:24:27.120 Some are Conscious.
01:24:29.240 we have Four options,
01:24:31.460 The person who says that there are many powers.
01:24:33.600 But everything is material,
01:24:35.300 Keep Charvak in it.
01:24:38.540 You like Charvak a lot, so I have put it here.
01:24:40.620 they are saying that four great spirits exists,
01:24:44.120 take it four, it means pluralistic,
01:24:47.600 But the people who talks about matter,
01:24:50.540 One who says that there are many powers but they are consciousness,
01:24:53.340 we call that, pluralistic idealism, or spiritualism.
01:24:57.500 Leibniz, it is a new name
01:25:00.840 this is the person who invented calculus
01:25:03.200 in mathematics.
01:25:04.820 He was a great philosopher.
01:25:07.160 he believed that the world is made of conscious atoms.
01:25:10.440 There are innumerable atoms, but they are conscious atoms, they are
called Monet.
01:25:15.900 it is neutral, but
01:25:17.280 there are many powers, like william james
01:25:21.180 or Bertrand Russell, who I just mentioned
01:25:23.340 A while ago.
01:25:26.460 Means Spinoza accepts one, so we put it list of people who accepts as
one
01:25:29.340 They believe that there are many
01:25:30.500 But that means they cannot be called matter and conscious.
01:25:34.460 And some people believe that there are many powers
01:25:37.580 Some of them are matter.
01:25:38.960 Some are conscious and we cannot mix them.
01:25:42.320 Almost all the philosophers of India follow this idea.
01:25:45.920 Whether it is Jain philosophy, Buddhism, nyaya philosophy,
01:25:49.980 Vaisheshika, Mimamsakas,
01:25:53.480 All of them believe in this.
01:25:54.480 Leave the Samkhya.
01:25:56.000 Leave yoga.
01:25:56.760 leave Vedanta
01:25:58.340 Because Samkhya and Yoga will come into dualism, Vedanta will come
here.
01:26:02.220 Except him, all other Indian philosophers consider
01:26:05.600 that there are many powers and some of them are matter.
01:26:09.440 Some are conscious. If you want to see in the west, many people will
agree to this point .
01:26:16.640 like I think some people like Empedocles
01:26:19.860 Maybe we will be able to adjust in somehow.
01:26:22.860 This idea is more prevalent in India.
01:26:24.660 Less in the West, more in India.
01:26:30.000 There is a poem.
01:26:33.320 When I teach literature,
01:26:34.580 students come to this posture after a while
01:26:39.080 Kailash Vajpayee was a poet
01:26:41.040 the meaning of his poem is
01:26:44.840 Neither do we have eyes.
01:26:46.040 nor we have soul, we are sad
01:26:50.600 Bored very much and that is the limit,
01:26:53.280 now you can do anything
01:26:59.280 And Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena is my very favorite poet, his poem is,
01:27:02.280 One wants to write a poem in it.
01:27:05.520 some people say that Poetry doesn't come from wanting to write,
01:27:09.720 actually it is a divine revelation, when god shower his grace
01:27:12.080 Poetry will be written from above, cannot write by will.
01:27:15.200 So there is a poet, he has taken an oath that he will write a poem at
any how. a copy is made for writing Poems.
01:27:20.400 I have thought of poetry many times, have made a copy thereof
01:27:24.140 That today at eight o'clock the poem has to be produced.
01:27:27.340 Kept thinking, kept thinking but nothing happened.
01:27:31.140 And has written a poem on it.
01:27:32.480 Wrote poem on writing poem whose meaning is
01:27:36.080 Wrapped in a quilt it's winter like nowadays, coldly stiff, holding a
pen in his fingers,
01:27:45.540 Put a copy of the poem on a thick pillow,
01:27:48.920 I have measured every street of this life, but could not get anything,
01:27:53.640 even any emotion of poem not erupted.
01:27:56.760 So these two lines are for you.
01:27:59.940 but could not get anything,even any emotion of poem not erupted.
01:28:04.100 but Philosopher is
01:28:04.740 that's kind of person
01:28:05.760 people like us, what do we mean by all these things
01:28:09.200 we are cool people
01:28:11.880 we like parties and parties
01:28:13.400 We are like those people
01:28:16.800 we do not enjoy these kind of stuffs but one who is philosopher
Remains restless.
01:28:23.100 like kabirdas
01:28:25.080 world is full of happiness. Eat and sleep.
01:28:26.940 only Kabir is
01:28:30.480 Wake up and cry.
01:28:33.360 This kind of restlessness is faced by the people who have intellectual
curiosity.
01:28:37.380 they remains restless as to how all things came to be,
01:28:40.860 Then all these thoughts come to the mind.
01:28:43.520 However, I think
01:28:45.080 you must have understood everything and many
01:28:47.900 for many of you it was not painful experience.
01:28:50.940 so next time we will try to invite people from outside
01:28:51.800 because
01:28:52.880 that many people have shown interest in coming here in comments
01:28:55.880 So we are making out a process that even the outside audience
01:28:58.280 can come in this program.
01:29:00.180 Nowadays, if we will bring out its form, those who want to come will
be called in it.
01:29:04.400 You can also come.
01:29:05.120 it means , if you want come, you should also come and they should also
come.
01:29:10.040 If you have any deep question then ask.
01:29:11.120 My name is Ajay, sir.
01:29:15.620 my question is sir, like
01:29:16.200 We have a lot of such direct evidence before us
01:29:18.080 From which we can rule out something.
01:29:20.520 Like it is said that the concept of rebirth is Indian.
01:29:23.540 is of Indian origin,
01:29:24.800 But a man by the named Swedenborg, Manuel Sweden
01:29:27.620 has written a book,
01:29:28.560 heaven and hell
01:29:29.460 so he proved it
01:29:31.280 that he has some kind of supernatural powers,
01:29:34.680 If these things happen then we can the same thing.
01:29:38.000 can we
01:29:38.360 rule out things that have been proven
01:29:41.700 So
01:29:42.180 can we perceive the same
01:29:43.340 what we believe or the other side of it is that
01:29:47.160 Buddha's penance
01:29:48.080 was Sanatani,
01:29:49.280 But when he got the knowledge
01:29:51.180 He created a new religion.
01:29:52.260 Buddha did not believe in Buddhism
01:29:55.560 What did he perceive? so what was it sir
01:29:58.020 what we believe,
01:29:59.300 Perceives, those who perceive, only those who believe.
01:30:02.040 both are there.
01:30:04.040 Sometimes we believe what we see.
01:30:07.440 but after something
01:30:08.420 we see what fits with what we believe
01:30:12.740 Because our point of view also becomes like that.
01:30:15.140 Then we start seeing the things we want to see,
01:30:18.500 But if i talk about the first question
01:30:21.260 As far as the limits of perception are concerned,
01:30:23.940 If we say that what is seen is the ultimate truth,
01:30:26.500 As Charvaka said, Charvaka also gets trapped by it, which appears
01:30:31.460 if that's the ultimate truth
01:30:32.780 Because the Charvakas do not accept any other evidence.
01:30:35.180 They only accept direct evidence.
01:30:38.040 You tell me that the earth looks round according to the direct
evidence,
01:30:41.280 Looks flat.
01:30:42.960 Looks flat.
01:30:45.080 The earth is revolving or the sun.
01:30:48.720 the Sun is revolving
01:30:51.020 If you fall under the spell of a magician,
01:30:53.000 I've not met magicians not much, but I've seen
01:30:56.360 i Saw a magic show
01:30:57.840 Once I was adamant that I will expose it today.
01:31:01.320 just imagine that, sitting on the ground, laying a sheet
01:31:05.220 And there is nothing under the sheet.
01:31:07.320 There is a flat ground on which a sheet has been spread in front of
me.
01:31:11.000 then he put hand in the sheet
01:31:12.780 Took the pigeon out from inside, and I was looking with tears in my
eyes, I was not even blinking
01:31:16.520 That I will catch it today somehow.
01:31:20.240 He was also seeing this gesture of mine.
01:31:22.980 He said see the pigeon and you were shocked, I said yes shocked.
01:31:26.760 Then for the sake of enjoyment he took out five more pigeons from
inside it.
01:31:31.740 Now I know it's a trick
01:31:34.200 but my eyes
01:31:35.040 my perceptual abilities are not able catching up, because
01:31:37.940 Everyone's abilities are limited, aren't they?
01:31:40.340 You will see some magic, you too will not be able to catch it.
01:31:43.220 so by accepting direct evidence
01:31:44.360 as ultimate evidence there is one danger that
01:31:45.500 how much aware is the person who is watching.
01:31:48.480 how many tricks
01:31:49.100 we understand, all the magicians do tricks but we are not able to
catch them.
01:31:52.980 Mentalism is a new game these days.
01:31:55.340 there are such people, who will tell you your password or what is
going on in your mind.
01:31:58.920 Or tell the spelling, this is the trick
01:32:02.000 From the blink of your eyes to the movement of your face
01:32:06.120 Have done so much research that for every facial movement
01:32:08.940 They have decoded one letter and one number.
01:32:11.760 they Will recognize by it.
01:32:13.680 So the abilities to reveal are different.
01:32:16.100 So don't just rely on your direct evidence.
01:32:19.560 the direct evidence of people wiser than us
01:32:20.700 can be better
01:32:21.620 we should also believe this.
01:32:25.020 we will talk about rebirth in another session
01:32:28.340 the concept of supernatural powers in exists,
01:32:31.620 But there's so much more evidence
01:32:34.140 which indicate that
01:32:37.500 Something like this can happen.
01:32:39.420 always remember that when we say reincarnation is possible,
01:32:39.980 It does not mean at all that the soul itself must be reborn.
01:32:44.600 All the reincarnation experiments proving only
01:32:48.080 one thing
01:32:49.920 that this little child know
01:32:51.980 Some of such informations of some time that was known
01:32:56.220 to a dead person and was not with anyone else.
01:33:00.300 The only question is where did that information come from
01:33:04.560 And that information takes a long time to come to him.
01:33:06.920 One of the options is reincarnation.
01:33:10.920 It is also possible that there is entanglement.
01:33:13.280 information has reached
01:33:15.660 so reincarnation is a hypothesis
01:33:18.440 that this information which
01:33:20.160 Can't reach in any other way, maybe it has reached in this way. we
will talk about it,
01:33:24.180 There have been many experiments of rebirth.
01:33:25.560 we will talk about them.
01:33:27.500 Sir my name is shakti and my question is that
01:33:31.200 We read so many philosophers, understood
01:33:35.120 So in this, we are considering the body as the matter.
01:33:38.940 And if the mind is conscious,
01:33:42.300 sir i am trying to understand the philosophy
01:33:42.960 we study
01:33:43.340 i want to know about
01:33:45.500 from where we can understand where is the balance of
01:33:48.840 the body and the consciousness.
01:33:51.620 Or if we want to read about this topic.
01:33:54.260 Which philosopher should be read so that things can be cleared.
01:33:55.320 what I am telling so far, the body is the body.
01:33:59.100 It is physical but there is doubt about the mind.
01:34:03.260 Some people believe that the mind
01:34:04.580 is a sixth sense and consciousness is different from that.
01:34:08.820 Soul and mind are not considered one in Indian philosophy.
01:34:12.320 it is Considered differently, Indian philosophy is very nuanced in
this sense.
01:34:15.420 In the West, there is only one umbrella word, that is mind.
01:34:19.100 The soul is different in India.
01:34:20.640 Wisdom is different.
01:34:21.720 Pragya is different. Mind is different.
01:34:24.780 There is consciousness inside the soul, these are the things.
01:34:26.060 The people who believes in the mind
01:34:28.800 Inner sense, through which feelings are revealed.
01:34:32.840 The Charvakas also believe
01:34:33.960 that the feeling is evident
01:34:37.380 so the mind is not necessary
01:34:39.660 it is considered as the sixth sense.
01:34:43.440 Which philosophy you should read is very difficult to say because
01:34:47.240 actually you want
01:34:48.320 that there should be a clarity and actually there is no clarity.
01:34:51.620 Everyone has their own thoughts, there is no such a philosophy
01:34:55.100 that can satisfy all your curiosities properly,
01:34:58.260 it is not
01:35:00.020 Then one way is to read them all in turn, then draw your own
conclusion.
01:35:03.720 and for that if you want I can tell you some books.
01:35:07.760 Otherwise, keep listening to this week after week.
01:35:10.640 Maybe you will find some way out of this.
01:35:12.320 I think there will be around 100 discussions,
01:35:14.760 Only then the series will be complete.
01:35:17.240 It's just a trailer, it's just the beginning.
01:35:19.580 Now things will go a long way.
01:35:21.960 Sir
01:35:22.860 when we study philosophy, we face a number of thoughts are available
01:35:27.020 And every thinker proves another thinker's thought to be incorrect.
01:35:31.080 or every scientist
01:35:31.820 changes the thoughts of another scientist and
01:35:35.060 when we read nothing comes to a conclusion
01:35:38.460 So because of this we remain a bit confused
01:35:40.340 So should we assume that nothing is eternally true.
01:35:46.260 The root cause of your uneasiness is that
01:35:48.440 you want answer of those questions
01:35:50.880 Whose answer is not with anyone.
01:35:53.520 And we desire for the answers and all the religions
01:35:56.820 are working in this manner.
01:35:58.700 The answers they get are the final answers
01:36:00.800 No, but people accepted that there is a final answer, they are doing
well
01:36:03.660 But because they don't have to do these classes, they are at ease
01:36:06.320 If you don't want to think, then the work is going on.
01:36:09.960 If you think and want answers to very deep questions
01:36:13.260 So you might not get answer.
01:36:14.660 Will not get right now.
01:36:16.680 Basically, you have to change your thought process
01:36:19.280 a little bit.
01:36:20.480 it is very difficult, i used to find it very difficult
01:36:23.580 When I was of your age, I used to be very restless.
01:36:25.740 that's why I opted for philosophy
01:36:26.520 so that restlessness can be reduced, but
01:36:27.900 It only increases, it doesn't decrease.
01:36:30.840 you want to get answers
01:36:33.080 Can't find the answer. Every man's answer is different.
01:36:35.900 The anxiety is increasing.
01:36:38.640 i don't feel anxious anymore
01:36:40.980 because gradually I'm getting into that state of mind now
01:36:44.300 Where I don't have the stubbornness to get the final answer.
01:36:48.740 If there is no final answer
01:36:51.240 So this is the final answer that there is no final answer
01:36:55.500 So there is no final answer.
01:36:56.820 Why is this the final answer? Can't agree.
01:37:00.180 I don't know, it makes me restless, so think in your mind
01:37:02.880 No one knows.
01:37:04.860 and the problem everyone has
01:37:06.160 That problem is not there at all.
01:37:08.000 that's the situation
01:37:10.320 So get out of this stubbornness that I have to know everything.
01:37:13.820 You will have to be superstitious on the basis of this stubbornness.
01:37:16.640 otherwise you will be restless
01:37:18.840 So the thing that no one knows.
01:37:20.600 I don't even know that, that's why I am a simple and fine person.
01:37:23.900 That much is enough.
01:37:25.740 Why we should insist that
01:37:27.260 we will know the answers to those questions
01:37:29.720 for which we are not able. we can not know
01:37:33.380 ok, tell me whether there is a god or not,
01:37:34.500 I think if I get the answer, at least
01:37:37.560 it will take 10 to 20 thousand years.
01:37:40.620 When we would have known so much of the universe as one or two
thinkers said
01:37:45.720 that when science measures the entire universe, then itmay be
possible.
01:37:49.980 Whether there is someone to run it or not, even then there is a
possibility.
01:37:54.920 i don't know that
01:37:55.380 It may or may not happen even in 10, 20 thousand years.
01:37:57.780 But till then if there is a nuclear war somewhere, the work is over.
01:38:00.780 After that two or four will survived, then they would start with
stones and spears.
01:38:02.960 then after several thousand years
01:38:06.080 When science developed
01:38:09.080 And don't take too much load in philosophy
01:38:11.700 I don't know, what to worry about a thing which I don't know.
01:38:16.200 be satisfied with it and if there is more curiosity
01:38:19.020 So keep on trying, the efforts that we are making,
01:38:22.340 you too continue your efforts
01:38:24.060 Ok.
01:38:26.160 yes, please
01:38:27.840 hello sir my name is Heena and my question is that
01:38:31.580 many times We perceive events of future
01:38:32.880 through dreams
01:38:37.080 that event is going to happen in the future, that is why we have such
intuitions
01:38:41.480 Or is it just a coincidence?
01:38:45.240 There are many theories of dream interpretation,
01:38:48.440 some of which
01:38:49.280 Thought about why this happens.
01:38:51.780 This happens to some people while they are wake up, not in their
dreams.
01:38:55.220 Some people have intuition
01:38:57.320 and it begin to be clear
01:38:59.040 Looks very clear cut and it happens
01:39:01.160 after two days.
01:39:03.320 Why does this happen?
01:39:04.180 There are some very dangerous beliefs regarding this.
01:39:07.760 if we assume that we actually know in advance
01:39:12.480 So how dangerous is this, can you imagine?
01:39:15.020 like if you know
01:39:18.180 that something is going to happen to me after two days, let's say
01:39:21.680 and it really happened.
01:39:24.360 it means that
01:39:25.220 What's going to happen in my future was already decided
01:39:29.300 And that means that whatever I'm doing is not happening,
01:39:34.200 it is pre decided. And if it's already fixed
01:39:35.820 it is called Determinism and it does not mean free will or freedom of
will.
01:39:41.240 We don't do anything.
01:39:42.120 It is predestined, if it is not predestined then how will it be
visible.
01:39:46.260 This is a matter of great concern.
01:39:47.960 but some people
01:39:48.560 It is also said that actually these intuitions
01:39:51.840 are reasoning of intuitive level and nothing else.
01:39:55.680 There are two levels of reasoning, the only level is the one we apply
our mind to.
01:39:58.920 This may happen, this may happen, this will happen, that will happen.
01:40:00.360 This is a Conscious Reasoning.
01:40:03.800 One happens at subconscious or unconscious level
01:40:09.380 Intutive reasoning, that too is reasoning but it is running at the
level of your intuition.
01:40:12.680 And you don't know you're reasoning
01:40:15.720 and to you because of your worries,
01:40:18.240 Because of fear, because of insecurities, some bad things
01:40:22.040 is visible.
01:40:23.760 because of dreams
01:40:24.680 some things are looking good, some of them turned out to be true
01:40:29.360 which have been proven wrong
01:40:30.560 You didn't include them in the sample, which proved to be correct
01:40:34.020 You accepted them as a sample
01:40:36.300 that I had foreknowledge.
01:40:37.860 Fore knowledge was done. This sampling mistake happens many times,
like
01:40:43.760 the cat crossed the road
01:40:44.900 Something bad will happen.
01:40:46.260 The cat crossed the road of the hundreds of the people, but bad thing
happened with the only one.
01:40:50.120 We do not count the sample of 99.
01:40:53.400 gonna count that one
01:40:55.800 that deepens the notion
01:40:57.480 cat's crossing the way spoils the day.
01:41:00.800 Rather man is so strong, can a cat
01:41:02.600 can spoil his day, then what will man do,
01:41:05.900 Think about it.
01:41:07.800 we give more weightage to some samples
01:41:10.500 doesn't give weightage to many samples
01:41:14.500 And such intuition keeps on.
01:41:19.040 we will discuss about dreams some other day in detail.
01:41:23.300 Thank you sir. last question.
01:41:25.020 sir my name is praval sir, since a very long time
01:41:28.540 a curiosity is going on, today is a good chance.
01:41:30.060 Sir, there are three types of beliefs in the society.
01:41:34.040 first is
01:41:34.740 that the people who
01:41:36.020 believe in the law of attraction,
01:41:37.460 take an example of Swami Vivekananda.
01:41:39.860 both have similarity almost
01:41:41.820 that most of what you want to achieve
01:41:45.320 Do your concentration.
01:41:46.520 Think about most of that stuff.
01:41:48.560 this concept
01:41:49.040 says that by thinking almost you are getting all.
01:41:51.660 this is a rough conclusion.
01:41:53.940 The second concept which is believed by almost everyone in our society
01:41:56.900 is that karma is prime, As you sow, so you shall reap
01:42:00.440 The third assumption is that
01:42:01.680 the people in the world, whatever they have achieved,
01:42:05.520 If their interview is heard or asked personally
01:42:08.520 I have seen interviews of many people who are very successful today,
01:42:10.980 If they are asked about this, they tell that
01:42:14.220 In fact, we did not want to become what we are today.
01:42:18.140 whether Karmas play role or is it all luck
01:42:23.660 Or everything happens only by thinking sir. Let's clear this up a bit.
01:42:27.000 I mean the point of your question is that our successes,
01:42:30.480 Failure is due to luck or due to our hard work,
01:42:34.620 It is because of our will power. Yes,
01:42:37.100 Before giving the answer, let me explain something.
01:42:40.700 Most of our problems are caused by our way of thinking
01:42:44.880 And what is the basic way of thinking.
01:42:47.480 We think about the things by applying or, but we should think by
applying and.
01:42:53.580 it is not clear to you so far, I read in a book.
01:42:58.200 about 10 years ago
01:43:00.200 Acharya Ramchandra Shukla is a very famous essayist in Hindi.
01:43:03.200 He was a critic also. There was a book about him.
01:43:05.840 a question used to come a lot in UPSC, I used to teach.
01:43:09.140 Earlier, while giving the exam, used to worried about that question.
01:43:10.040 the question was that whether
01:43:13.100 his essays are psychological or literary.
01:43:17.000 The answer to this question has been seen in many books.
01:43:19.380 but i Couldn't get a concrete answer.
01:43:21.320 There used to be restlessness that I could not understand.
01:43:24.180 Then a small book came in my hands, hardly of 50 pages.
01:43:28.440 I read that article in it and found the answer in that article.
01:43:32.460 Also got one more thing which I want to tell you here.
01:43:37.560 It said that the problem is that when two things can happen at the
same time,
01:43:41.780 we are assuming that a thing is either this or that
01:43:46.660 Shukla ji's essay is not psychological or literary.
01:43:49.680 There are psychological and literary.
01:43:52.760 I felt that tell such a heavy burden was kept on the mind.
01:43:57.260 The burden is gone forever
01:43:59.840 Since then.
01:44:01.880 Our life will is controlled by either karma or luck,
01:44:05.660 Because, why can't there be karma and luck both.
01:44:09.920 our effort, our intention
01:44:12.780 And why can't it be our fate, it can be all three.
01:44:16.580 I'm not a fatalist, but if you look
01:44:19.260 Will go very deep.
01:44:20.960 Or don't even go to philosophy,
01:44:21.960 if we see in normal life
01:44:23.040 so you have to agree
01:44:24.060 that a large part of our lives rests on those coincidences,
01:44:27.600 which we did not create.
01:44:30.540 The biggest coincidence is in which family you were born,
01:44:34.940 It is a big coincidence that you were born healthy.
01:44:38.280 Or born handicapped, it is not in your hands, you did not decide.
01:44:42.780 Now suppose a child is not able to see since birth
01:44:45.980 You are telling him, do your karmas, anything can happen with your
karmas.
01:44:48.540 Make up your mind, he has made up his mind to see the world.
01:44:52.140 There is no method in science.
01:44:54.300 Trying all his life to see.
01:44:55.320 If he can't see then what happened with the intention.
01:44:58.700 What happened to Karma?
01:45:00.780 all was pre-decided
01:45:03.440 so what i'm saying is, intention alone is not enough
01:45:06.300 Karma alone is not enough, coincidence also plays a role.
01:45:09.740 This should be accepted and by accepting the coincidence.
01:45:13.580 Many dilemmas are reduced.
01:45:15.720 yes, we should not stop doing efforts to minimize the role of a
coincidence
01:45:19.700 The role of intentions and deeds should be more.
01:45:23.000 while judging others' failures
01:45:25.820 It should be kept in mind that his coincidences must have been strong.
01:45:29.460 He is not small than us.
01:45:31.820 We must keep in mind about our successes that our
01:45:34.400 Coincidences prevailed.
01:45:36.180 Otherwise we are not war dog, that is the way the man remains humble.
01:45:40.160 I am a person standing on the level of normal success
01:45:44.520 and i didn't do much in life
01:45:45.780 but when someone asks me, it happens twice a year someone asks
01:45:52.020 that you did this you did that,
01:45:54.780 What is the formula?
01:45:57.260 do you know what i tell, it is Tukka,
01:46:00.900 This is the formula.
01:46:03.080 It was only by fluke, that's it
01:46:04.860 In those flukes the man thinks that he has done everything.
01:46:07.700 it is not like this.
01:46:09.420 A lot of coincidences happen in your favor.
01:46:12.960 By zeroing out those coincidences
01:46:14.640 If you want to take all the credit yourself, then how will you
survive?
01:46:18.620 So everyone has a combination, and I am a middle path following
person.
01:46:21.720 I believe life is in between.
01:46:24.360 It is not in the corner at all.
01:46:25.920 So coincidence, karma and
01:46:28.220 intention, they have balance, their mixing makes life and
01:46:32.160 life is not made from any one.
01:46:33.620 Okay, let's conclude and next time if you come.
01:46:37.460 I have very few hope, but if you come next time too, with bold heart
then, i will take some more questions.
01:46:45.180 Ok, thanks very much