LECTURE 12 NjM4dWRoMzgyO
Fundamental Duties
" DPSP
Part V
Chapter 1: Executive - Article 52-78
Chapter 2: Parliament - Article 79-122
Chapter 3: Ordinance - Article 123
Chapter 4: Supreme Court- Article 124-147
Chapter 5 : CAG - Article 148-151
Chapter 2: PARLIAMENT
Minimum age required to become a—
Article 79: establishment of Parliament of India
• President : 35 yrs
Article 80 : Composition of Rajya Sabha
• Member of RS: 30 yrs
Article 81 : Composition of Lok Sabha
• Member of LS : 25 yrs
• P is integral part of parliament as
E
No bill can become an act without
the assent of President.
President
• House of elders
• Council of States
• Permanent House
Rajya Sabha • Constituted on 3rd April, 1952
• First sitting- 13 May, 1952 • House of People
• Lower house
Lok Sabha • Constituted on 17 Apr, 1952
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Article 61 : IMPEACHMENT
• process borrowed from USA
• Procedure— either house can initiate the process, on the grounds of Violation of the Constitution,
- signed by at least one-fourth of the total members of the House
- followed by a 14 days prior notice to P.
- if Passed by special majority from both the houses individually.
- then the President is removed.
(No president has been impeached so far)
Art. 74: The Council of Ministers headed by the PM, to aid and advise the President.
Q. Is the advice binding on President?
Ans. Yes, according to 42nd CAA.
But 44th CAA allowed the President to ask for reconsideration once, but he is still bound
to follow the final advice given by the CoM.
Watch Lecture 11 for Article 75 in detail*
Article 77: Conduct of Business of Gov. of India.
- all executive actions of government shall be taken in the name of the President
Article 78: Duties of the PM
- To act as a Linch Pin between the President and CoM.
President PM -
COM
Article 87: deals with the special address by the President. (Motion of thanks)
- President addresses both Houses of Parliament at the commencement of the 1st
session after each general election to the Lok Sabha.
- And at the beginning of each year’s first session
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Trans Himalayas consists of —
*
KARAKORAM & Important glaciers: (west to east)
LADAKH • Hisper
ZANSKAR Mt. ranges • Biafo
• Baltoro
• Siachen ↓
— Highest battlefield in the World.
— 2nd longest non polar glacier.
• Longest Non polar glacier- Fedchenko glacier, Tajikistan
Greater Himalaya also known as - Inner Himalayas/ Himadri
0 Lesser Himalayas also known as- Himachal/ Middle Himalayas
· Shiwalik also known as - Outer Himalayas
• Lesser Himalayas is known by Different names in Different regions:
In Kashmir - PIR PANJAL In Uttarakhand - NAG TIBBA
In Himachal Pr - DHAULADHAR In Nepal - MAHABHARATA RANGE
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g Tropic of Cancer passes from- 8 states
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pr., Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram
Capital of Rajasthan, Tripura & Mizoram lie at the north of the Tropic of Cancer, rest all
lie at the south.
fort- IST) Indian Standard
me (
!
Both meet at Korea,
S Chhattisgarh
> Passes through 5 states- (MOUCA)
-
MP, Odisha, UP, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pr,
• Standard Meridian of India- Passes through Naini, Allahabad,UP.
Northern Plains are formed by the interplay of three rivers: Ganga , Indus, Brahmaputra.
• These rivers flow with great speed performing erosional activities, breaking
down big rocks , forming BHABAR BELT - Narrow belt (8-16km width)
Rivers disappear
here among big
rocks.
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TARAI - Broad zone (15-30 km width)
- Is a Marshy/ Swampy area.
- Rivers re-appear here.
- Many imp National parks are located in tarai
area, e.g. Dudhwa National park of UP
ALLUVIAL FLOOD PLAINS: main deposition of alluvial soil takes place here.
Bhangar- Old Alluvium; Calcareous concentration is more ,
Khadar- New Alluvium , Khadar renews every year, good for agriculture.
Badami, Vengi, Kalyani (capitals)
S1st NandiVardhana , 2nd Pravarpuram (capitals)
Harshvardhana married his
daughter to a Maitraka ruler,
named Dhruvbhatta.
• Books written by Harshavardhana:
Ratnavali
E Priyadarshika
Nagananda
• Harshvardhana’s territory was
divided in 2 parts.
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ANGLO MYSORE WARS: total four.
( Mysore- present day Kerala region)
Ist: 1767-69 IInd: 1780- 84
Ended with Treaty of Madras Ended with treaty of Mangalore
Hyder Ali( father of Tipu) fought and won This war was a draw, Hyder Ali died due to cancer
IIIrd: 1790-92
IVth: 1798-99
Ended with Treaty of Seringapattam
• Tipu Sultan died.
Sons of Tipu Sultan were taken hostages
>Organisation
-
of Merchants
• Such informations about chola dynasty
• UR - assembly of common peasants.
are discovered from the Uttaramerur
• Sabha - assembly of Brahmins.
inscription of Chingleput, TN
• Cholas are known for their culture of
Lost wax techniques, to create bronze
sculptures
• a Nataraj statue was found .
T Additional land tax
• Cholas imposed 2 types of taxes: Vetti and Kadamai
Y
Forced labour
• Land donations during Cholas:
to schools: Shalabhoga
To Brahmins: Brahmadeya
To Temples: Devadana
To Jains: Pallichchhandam
> 3 major Sun temples:
Konark, Odisha
Modhera, Gujarat
~
Martand, J&K
Khajuraho group of temples
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SHIKHARA
>
-
Vimana
>
Mandapam
GOPURAM
Usually made in Panchayatan style
Garbhagraha known as
Sanctum Sanctorum
Gajaprishta - an elliptical
curved shape, resembling back
of an elephant
Temple of Cholas
Brihadeshwara temples Airavateswara temple
Built by RajaRajaII
Tanjore Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Aka RajaRajeswara Built by Rajendra Chola I
temple.
Built by RajaRaja I.
• All temples mentioned above are Shiva temple, added
to UNESCO world heritage sites in - 1987.
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Mechanical wave Non- Mechanical wave
• cannot travel in vacuum • can travel in vacuum
• They need a medium to propagate • They do not need a medium to
• No polarisation propagate
• Longitudinal in nature- means • Transverse in nature- particle
particle vibrate parallel to the vibrate perpendicular to the
direction of propagation of wave direction of wave
• Ex- Sound wave - can travel in • Ex- light wave
solid, liquid and gas.
Speed of sound- solid>liquid>gas
max, sound
speed .
Reflection of sound- Echo,
S
↑
-
Distance Between source and reflecting surface -17 m
-
Repeated reflection of sound- Reverberation =
& =
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Malaria day- 25 April
Malaria caused by Protozoa-
Plasmodium.
• Quinine, is made from bark of
Cinchona tree, for curing Malaria
Trick to remember the diseases caused by bacteria: Two Gol potato chips do.
Whooping Cough Leprosy
Typhoid Gonorrhoea
Tetanus TB- Tuberculosis Bronchitis
-affects lungs
Pneumonia Anthrax - known as white plague
Plague Diphtheria
Cholera Syphilis
Alkale
↓ Metals
1st group elements
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
The basicity of alkali metals, increases down the group. As the atomic radius increases down the
group, making it easier for the alkali metal atoms to lose their valence electrons, & experience weaker
attraction. This ease of electron loss leads to a greater tendency to form basic solutions in water,
with more hydroxide ions (OH-) produced.
- TN
-
Punjab
-
MP
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Shigmo, Sao Jao, Sunburn, feast of St, Francis Xavier, Grape escapade
?Gang Ngai, Lu Ngai, Cheiraoba, Yaoshang
>
Played Pakhawaj
Won Padma Vibhushan- 2000
·
AR
ptitude sir
Indian Meteorological Department- estd 1875, under Ministry of Earth Sciences
Indian Academy of Soil sciences- Bhopal
Pulses Research Institute- Kanpur
·
Sugar Institute- Kanpur
↑
Sugarcane institute- Lucknow
&
Dairy Research Institute-Karnal
Y
Horticulture research-Bangalore
-
Potato institute-Shimla
CURRENT AFFAIRS
&
Football
Vijay Hazare trophy: (cricket)
winner- Karnataka
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Australian open- Grand slam
7 By defeating Alexander Zevrev 1st Grand slam - Wimbledon, 1877
7 Won women’s title by defeating Aryna Sabalenka of Belarus
Other Grand slams and court:
• Australian Open - Hard court
• US Open- Hard Court
• Wimbledon- Grass court
• French Court- Clay Court
-Also known as Roland Garros.
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