13-76 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Table 9.4.2.5(a) Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers Based on Distance from Heat Sources

Type of Heat Condition Ordinary-Temperature Rating Intermediate-Temperature Rating High-Temperature Rating

(l) Heating ducts

(a) Above More than 2 ft 6 in. (750 mm) 2 ft 6 in. or less (750 mm)
(b) Side and below More than 1 ft 0 in. (300 mm) 1 ft 0 in. or less (300 mm)
(c) Diffuser Any distance except as shown Downward discharge: Cylinder
under Intermediate- with 1 ft 0 in. (300 mm) radius
Temperature Rating column from edge extending 1 ft 0 in.
(300 mm) below and 2 ft 6 in.
(750 mm) above
Horizontal discharge: Semicylinder
or cylinder with 2 ft 6 in.
(750 mm) radius in direction
of flow extending 1 ft 0 in.
(300 mm) below and 2 ft 6 in.
(750 mm) above
(2) Unit heater and radiant
heater
(a) Horizontal discharge Discharge side: 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) radius
to 20 ft 0 in. (6.1 m) radius pie- cylinder extending
shaped cylinder (see Figure 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) above
9.4.2.5) extending 7 ft 0 in. and 2 ft 0 in. (600 mm)
(2.1 m) above and 2 ft 0 in. below unit heater
(600 mm) below heater; also
7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) radius
cylinder more than 7 ft 0 in.
(2.1 m) above unit heater
(b) Vertical downward 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) radius cylinder 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) radius
discharge (for sprinklers extending upward from an cylinder extending from
below unit heater, see Figure elevation 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) the top of the unit
9.4.2.5) above unit heater heater to an elevation
7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) above
unit heater
(3) Steam mains
(uncovered)
(a) Above More than 2 ft 6 in. (750 mm) 2 ft 6 in. or less (750 mm)
(b) Side and below More than 1 ft 0 in. (300 mm) 1 ft 0 in. or less (300 mm)
(c) Blowoffvalve More than 7 ft 0 in. (2.1 m) 7 ft 0 in. or less (2.1 m)

9.4.3 Thermal Sensitivity. 9.4.3.3 Where there are no listed quick-response sprinklers in
9.4.3.1 Sprinklers in light hazard occupancies shall be one of the temperature range required, standard-response sprinklers
the following: shall be permitted to be used.
9.4.3.4 The provisions of 9.4.3.2 shall not apply to in-rack
( l ) Quick-response type as defined in 3.3.215.4.16
(2) Residential sprinklers in accordance with the require- sprinklers.
ments of Chapter 12 9.4.3.5 In other than light hazard occupancies, where a sprin­
(3) Quick response CMSA sprinklers kler carries a listing for both standard-response protection and
(4) ESFR sprinklers quick-response protection at different coverage areas, that
(5) Standard-response sprinklers used for modifications or sprinkler shall be permitted to be installed within a compart­
additions to existing light hazard systems equipped with ment at the spacing for both the quick-response and standard­
standard-response sprinklers response listings without any separation between the areas so
(6) Standard-response sprinklers used where individual covered.
standard-response sprinklers are replaced in existing light 9.4.3.6 When existing light hazard systems are converted to
hazard systems use quick-response or residential sprinklers, all sprinklers in a
9.4.3.2 Where quick-response sprinklers are installed, all compartment shall be changed.
sprinklers within a compartment shall be quick-response unless
otherwise permitted in 9.4.3.3, 9.4.3.4, or 9.4.3.5.

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 SPRINKLER LOCATION REQUIREMENTS 13-77

Table 9.4.2.5(b) Temperature Ratings of Sprinklers in Specified Residential Areas

Minimum Distance from Minimum Distance from

Edge of Source to Edge of Source to
Ordinary-Temperature Intermediate-Temperature
Sprinkler Sprinkler
Heat Source in. mm in. mm
Side of open or recessed fireplace 36 900 12 300
Front of recessed fireplace 60 1500 36 900
Coal- or wood-burning stove 42 1050 12 300
Kitchen range 18 450 9 225
Wall oven 18 450 9 225
Hot air flues 18 450 9 225
Uninsulated heat ducts 18 450 9 225
Uninsulated hot water pipes 12 300 6 150
Side of ceiling- or wall-mounted hot 24 600 12 300
air diffusers
Front of wall-mounted hot air diffusers 36 900 18 450
Hot water heater or furnace 6 150 3 75
Light fixture:
O W-250 W 6 150 3 75
250 W-499 W 12 300 6 150

9.4.4 Sprinklers with K-Factors Less than K-5.6 (80).

9.4.4.1 Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor of

5.6 (80) unless otherwise permitted by 9.4.4.
B = 0.5774 X A
9.4.4.2 For light hazard occupancies. sprinklers having a C = 1 . 1 547 x A
nominal K-factor smaller than K-5.6 (80) shall be permitted,
subject to the following restrictions:
( 1) The system shall be hydraulically calculated.
(2) Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-5.6 (80)
shall be installed only in wet pipe sprinkler systems or in
accordance with the limitations of9.4.4.3 or 9.4.4.4.
(3) A listed strainer shall be provided on the supply side of
sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-2.8 (40).
9.4.4.3 Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-5.6
(80) shall be permitted to be installed in conformance with Airflow
19.3.2 for protection against exposure fires.
9.4.4.4 Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of K-4.2 (57) shall be
permitted to be installed on dry pipe and preaction systems !
protecting light hazard occupancies where piping is corrosion
resistant or internally galvanized. Intermediate-temperature
zone
9.4.5 Thread Size Limitations. Sprinklers having a K-factor
exceeding K-5.6 (80) and having 12 in. (15 mm) National Pipe
Thread (NPT) shall not be installed in new sprinkler systems.
9.5 Position, Location, Spacing, and Use of Sprinklers.

9.5. 1 General.

9.5.1.1 Sprinklers shall be located, spaced, and positioned in FIGURE 9.4.2.5 High-Temperature and Intermediate­
accordance with the requirements of Section 9.5. Temperature Zones at Unit Heaters and Radiant Heaters.
9.5. 1.2 Sprinklers shall be positioned to provide protection of
the area consistent with the overall objectives of this standard
by controlling the positioning and allowable area of coverage
for each sprinkler.

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 13-78 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

N 9-5-L3* In light and ordinary hazard occupancies, small areas 9.5.2.2.2The maximum area of coverage of any sprinkler shall
created by architectural features shall be evaluated as follows: not exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
(1) Where no additional floor area is created by the architec­ 9.5.3 Sprinkler Spacing.
tural features, no additional sprinkler protection is
required. 9.5.3.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers.
(2) Where additional floor area is created by an architectural 9.5.3 . L 1The maximum distance permitted between sprin­
feature, no additional sprinkler protection is required, klers shall be based on the centerline distance between adja­
provided all of the following conditions are met: cent sprinklers.
(a) The floor area does not exceed 18 ft2 (1.7 m2). 9.5.3.L2 The maximum distance shall be measured along the
(b) The floor area is not greater than 2 ft (0.61 m) in slope of the ceiling.
depth at the deepest point of the architectural
feature to the plane of the primary wall where meas­ 9.5.3.L3 The maximum distance permitted between sprin­
ured along the finished floor. klers shall comply with the value indicated in the applicable
(c) The floor area is not greater than 9 ft (2.7 m) in section for each type or style of sprinkler.
length where measured along the plane of the
primary wall. 9.5.3.2 Maximum Distance from Walls.
(d) Measurement from the deepest point of the archi­ 9.5.3.2.1 The distance from sprinklers to walls shall not
tectural feature shall not exceed the maximum exceed one-half of the allowable maximum distance between
listed spacing of the sprinkler. sprinklers.
(3) The hydraulic design is not required to consider the area
created by the architectural feature. 9.5.3.2.2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
9.5.L4 The requirements of 9.5.2 through 9.5.5 shall apply to
measured perpendicular to the wall.
all sprinkler types unless modified by more restrictive rules in � 9.5.3.2.3':' The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
Chapters 10 through 15. measured to the wall behind furniture.
9.5.2 Protection Areas per Sprinkler. 9.5.3.2.4 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
9.5.2.1 Determination of Protection Area of Coverage.
measured to the wall when sprinklers are spaced near windows
and no additional floor space is created.
9.5.2. L1 The protection area of coverage per sprinkler (A,)
9.5.3.3 Minimum Distance from Walls.
shall be determined as follows:
(1) Along branch lines as follows: 9.5.3.3.1 The minimum distance permitted between a sprin­

(a) Determine distance between sprinklers (or to wall kler and the wall shall comply with the value indicated in the
or obstruction in the case of the end sprinkler on applicable section for each type or style of sprinkler.
the branch line) upstream and downstream 9.5.3.3.2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
(b) Choose the larger of either twice the distance to the measured perpendicular to the wall.
wall or the distance to the next sprinkler 9.5.3.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers.
(c) Define dimension as S
(2) Between branch lines as follows: 9.5.3.4.1 A minimum distance shall be maintained between
(a) Determine perpendicular distance to the sprinkler sprinklers to prevent operating sprinklers from wetting adja­
on the adjacent branch line (or to a wall or obstruc­ cent sprinklers and to prevent skipping of sprinklers.
tion in the case of the last branch line) on each side 9.5.3.4.2 The minimum distance permitted between sprin­
of the branch line on which the subject sprinkler is klers shall comply with the value indicated in the applicable
positioned section for each type or style of sprinkler.
(b) Choose the larger of either twice the distance to the N 9.5.3.4.3 The minimum distance to be maintained between
wall or obstruction or the distance to the next sprin­ sprinklers shall not apply when either one of the affected sprin­
kler klers is capable of protecting the room or space without the
(c) Define dimension as L other sprinkler having to operate.
9.5.2.L2 The protection area of coverage of the sprinkler
shall be established by multiplying the S dimension by the L 9.5.4 Deflector Position.
dimension, as follows: 9.5.4.1 * Distance Below Ceilings.

9.5.4. L 1 The distances between the sprinkler deflector and

A, = SxL the ceiling above shall be selected based on the type of sprin­
kler and the type of construction.
9.5.2.2 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage. 9.5.4. 1 . 2 Corrugated Metal Deck Roofs.

9.5.2.2 . 1 The maximum allowable protection area of coverage 9.5.4. 1.2.1 For corrugated metal deck roofs up to 3 in.
for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value indica­ (75 mm) in depth, the distance shall be measured to the sprin­
ted in the section for each type or style of sprinkler. kler from the bottom of the deck.
9.5.4. 1 .2.2 For decks deeper than 3 in. (75 mm), the distance
shall be measured to the highest point on the deck.
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 SPRINKLER LOCATION REQUIREMENTS 13-79

9.5A.L3 For ceilings that have insulation installed directly 9.5.5.3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
against underside of the ceiling or roof structure, the deflector Reaching Hazard. Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions
distance shall be measured from the bottom of the insulation that interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more
and shall be in accordance with 9.5.4.1.3.1, 9.5.4.1.3.2, and than 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a
9.5.4.1.3.3. manner to limit the distribution from reaching the protected
9.5A. L3.1 Insulation used to measure sprinkler deflector
hazard shall comply with 9.5.5.3.
distance shall be batt insulation or insulation that withstands 9.5.5.3.1 * Sprinklers shall be installed below fixed obstruc­
3 lb/ft2 (0.13 kg/m2) uplift force. tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) in width.
9.5A. L3.2 For insulation that is installed directly against the 9.5.5.3 . L 1 * Open grate flooring over 4 ft (1.2 m) in width
ceiling or roof structure and is installed flat and parallel to the shall require sprinkler protection below the grating.
ceiling or roof structure, the deflector distance shall be meas­ 9.5.5.3.L2* Sprinklers located below obstructions shall
ured to the underside of the insulation. comply with one of the following, regardless of the geometry of
9.5A.L3.3 For insulation that is installed in a manner that obstruction:
causes it to deflect or sag down from the ceiling or roof struc­ (1) Installed below the obstruction
ture, the deflector distance shall be measured as half of the (2) Installed adjacent to the obstruction not more than 3 in.
distance of the deflection from the insulation high point to the (75 mm) from the outside edge of the obstruction
insulation low point.
9.5.5.3.L3 Where sprinklers are located adjacent to the
(A) If the deflection or sag in the insulation exceeds 6 in. obstruction, they shall be of the intermediate level rack type.
(150 mm), the deflector distance shall be measured to the high 9.5.5.3.L4 The deflector of automatic sprinklers installed
point of the insulation. below fixed obstructions shall be positioned no more than
(B) The deflector shall not be positioned above the low point 12 in. (300 mm) below the bottom of the obstruction.
of the insulation. 9.5.5.3.L5 Sprinklers shall not be required below noncombus­
9.5A.L4':' Heat collectors shall not be used as a means to assist tible obstructions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide where the bottom of
the activation of a sprinkler. the obstruction is 24 in. (600 mm) or less above the floor or
9.5-4.2 Deflector Orientation. Deflectors of sprinklers shall be deck.
aligned parallel to ceilings, roofs, or the incline of stairs. � 9.5.5.3.2* Sprinklers shall not be required below obstructions
9.5.5 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge. that are not fixed in place.
9.5.5.P Performance Objective. Sprinklers shall be located 9.5.5.3.3 Sprinklers installed below obstructions shall be of
so as to minimize obstructions to discharge as defined in the same type (spray, CMSA, ESFR, residential) as installed at
9.5.5.2 and 9.5.5.3, or additional sprinklers shall be provided to the ceiling except as permitted by 9.5.5.3.3.1.
ensure adequate coverage of the hazard. (See Figure A. 9.5.5. 1.) 9.5.5.3.3.1 Spray sprinklers shall be permitted to be utilized
9.5.5.2':' Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­ under overhead doors.
ment. 9.5.5.3-4* Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be of
9.5.5.2.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less than the intermediate level/rack storage type or otherwise shielded
or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector that from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.
prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply with 9.5.5A Closets. In all closets and compartments, including
9.5.5.2. those closets housing mechanical equipment, that are not
9.5.5.2.2 Sprinklers shall be positioned in accordance with the larger than 400 ft3 (11 m3) in size, a single sprinkler at the
minimum distances and special requirements of Section 10.2 highest ceiling level shall be sufficient without regard to
through Section 14.2 so that they are located sufficiently away obstructions or minimum distance to the wall.
from obstructions such as truss webs and chords, pipes,
columns, and fixtures.

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13-80 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Chapter 10 Installation Requirements for Standard Pendent, 10.2.4 Protection Areas per Sprinkler (Standard Pendent and
Upright, and Sidewall Spray Sprinklers Upright Spray Sprinklers) .

10.2.4.1 Determination o f Protection Area of Coverage.

10.1 General. Standard pendent, upright, and sidewall sprin­
klers shall be selected for use and installation as indicated in 10.2.4. 1 . 1 Except as permitted by 10.2.4.1.2, the protection
this chapter and shall be positioned and spaced in accordance area of coverage per sprinkler (A,) shall be determined in
with Section 9.5. accordance with 9.5.2.1.
10.2 Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers. 10.2.4. 1.2 The requirements of 10.2. 4 .1.1 shall not apply in a
10.2.1 General. All requirements of Section 9.5 shall apply to small room as defined in 3.3.206.
standard pendent and upright spray sprinklers except as modi­ 10.2.4. 1 .2.1 The protection area of coverage for each sprin­
fied in Section 10.2. kler in the small room shall be the area of the room divided by
10.2.2 Upright and pendent spray sprinklers shall be permit­ the number of sprinklers in the room.
ted in all occupancy hazard classifications and building 10.2.4.2 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage.
construction types unless the requirements of 9.3.2 apply. 10.2.4.2. 1 * The maximum allowable protection area of cover­
10.2.3 Quick-response sprinklers shall not be permitted for age for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value
use in extra hazard occupancies under the density/area design indicated in Table 10.2.4.2.1 (a) through Table 10.2.4.2.1 (d).
method.
10.2.4.2.2 In any case, the maximum area of coverage of a
sprinkler shall not exceed 225 ft2 (20 m2).

Table 10.2.4.2. 1 (a) Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers for Light Hazard

Maximum
Protection Area Maximum Spacing
Construction Type System Type ft2 m2 ft m
Noncombustible unobstructed Hydraulically calculated 225 20 15 4.6
Noncombustible unobstructed Pipe schedule 200 18 15 4.6
Noncombustible obstructed Hydraulically calculated 225 20 15 4.6
Noncombustible obstructed Pipe schedule 200 18 15 4.6
Combustible unobstructed with no Hydraulically calculated 225 20 15 4.6
exposed members
Combustible unobstructed with no Pipe schedule 200 18 15 4.6
exposed members
Combustible unobstructed with Hydraulically calculated 225 20 15 4.6
exposed members 3 ft (910 mm)
or more on center
Combustible unobstructed with Pipe schedule 200 18 15 4.6
exposed members 3 ft (910 mm)
or more on center
Combustible unobstructed with Ali 130 1 2 15 4.6
members less than 3 ft (910 mm)
on center
Combustible obstructed with Ali 6
1 8 16 15 4.6
exposed members 3 ft (910 mm)
or more on center
Combustible obstructed with Ali 130 12 15 4.6
members less than 3 ft (910 mm)
on center
Combustible concealed spaces in Ali 120 1 1 15 parallel to the 4.6 parallel to the
accordance with 10.2.6.1.4 slope slope
10 perpendicular 3.0 perpendicular
to the slope* the slope*
to

*See 10.2.6.1 .4.4.

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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-81

Table 1 0.2.4.2.1 (b) Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of 1 0.2.5 Sprinkler Spacing (Standard Pendent and Upright Spray
Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers for Ordinary Sprinklers).
Hazard
1 0.2.5.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers. The maxi­
mum distance permitted between sprinklers shall comply with
Protection Area
Maximum
Spacing
Table 10.2.4.2.1(a) through Table 10.2.4.2.1(d).
Construction System 1 0.2.5.2 Maximum Distance from Walls.
Type Type ft2 m2 ft m
1 0.2.5.2.1 The distance from sprinklers to walls shall not
All All 130 12 15 4.6 exceed one-half of the allowable distance between sprinklers as
indicated in Table 10.2.4.2.1 (a) through Table 10.2.4.2.1 (d).
1 0.2.5.2.2* The requirements of 10.2.5.2.1 shall not apply
where walls are angled or irregular, and the maximum horizon­
Table 10.2.4.2. 1 (c) Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of tal distance between a sprinkler and any point of floor area
Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers for Extra
protected by that sprinkler shall not exceed 0.75 times the
Hazard
allowable distance permitted between sprinklers, provided the
maximum perpendicular distance is not exceeded.
Protection Maximum 1 0.2.5.2.3* The requirements of 10.2.5.2.1 shall not apply
Construction
Area Spacing within small rooms as defined in 3.3.206.
Type System Type ft2 m2 ft m 1 0.2.5.2.3.1 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be located not
All Pipe schedule 90 8.4 1 2* 3.7* more than 9 ft (2.7 m) from any single wall.
All Hydraulically calculated 1 00 9 1 2''' 3.7''' 1 0.2.5.2.3.2 Sprinkler spacing limitations of 10.2.5 and area
with density
�0.25 gpm/ft2
limitations of Table 10.2.4.2.1 (a) shall not be exceeded.
( 10.2 mm/min) 1 0.2.5.2.4 Under curved surfaces, the horizontal distance shall
All Hydraulically calculated
with density
130 12 15 4.6 be measured at the floor level from the wall, or the intersection
<0.25 gpm/ft2
of the curved surface and the floor to the nearest sprinkler
( 10.2 mm/min)
shall not be greater than one-half the allowable distance
*In buildings where solid structural members create bays up to 25 ft
between sprinklers.
(7.6 m) wide, maximum spacing between sprinklers is permitted up to 1 0.2.5.3 Minimum Distances from Walls. Sprinklers shall be
1 2 ft 6 in. (3.8 m ) . located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall.
1 0.2.5.4 Minimum Distances Between Sprinklers.

1 0.2.5.4.1 Unless the requirements of 10.2.5.4.2 or 10.2.5.4.3

are met, sprinklers shall be spaced not less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on
Table 10.2.4.2. 1 (d) Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of center.
Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers for High-Piled
1 0.2.5.4.2 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed less than
Storage
6 ft (1.8 m) on center where the following conditions are satis­
Protection Maximum
fied:
Area Spacing
(1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
Construction elements.
Type System Type ft2 m2 ft m (2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
All Hydraulically 100 9 12* 3.7* place before and during sprinkler operation.
calculated with (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
density 6 in. (150 mm) high.
<:0.25 gpm/ft2 ( 4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
(10.2 mm/min) (50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors of upright
All Hydraulically 130 12 15 4.6 sprinklers.
calculated with (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
density at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers.
<0.25 gpm/ft2 1 0.2.5.4.3 In-rack sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed
(10.2 mm/min) less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on center.
*In buildings where solid structural members create bays up to 25 ft 1 0.2.6 Deflector Position (Standard Pendent and Upright
(7.6 m) wide, maximum spacing between sprinklers is permitted up to Spray Sprinklers) .
1 2 ft 6 in. (3.8 m).
1 0.2.6.1 Distance Below Ceilings.

1 0.2.6. 1 . 1 Unobstructed Construction.

1 0.2.6. 1 . 1 . 1 Under unobstructed construction, the distance

between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be a mini-
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13-82 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

mum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm)

throughout the area of coverage of the sprinkler.

r
10.2.6. 1 . 1 .2 The requirements of 10.2.6.1.1.1 shall not apply
where ceiling-type sprinklers (concealed, recessed, and flush
types) have the operating element above the ceiling and the
deflector located nearer to the ceiling where installed in
accordance with their listing.
10.2.6. 1 . 1 .3 The requirements of 10.2.6.1.1.1 shall not apply X " 36 in. (900 mm)
for light and ordinary hazard occupancies with ceilings of S = maximum allowable distance
noncombustible or limited-combustible construction where between sprinklers
either 10.2.6.l.l.3(A) or 10.2.6.1.1.3(8) applies. F1GURE 10.2.6. 1 . 1 .3(8) Vertical Change in Ceiling
(A) Where a vertical change in ceiling elevation within the Elevation Less Than or Equal to 36 in. (900 mm).
area of coverage of the sprinkler creates a distance of more
than 36 in. (900 mm) between the upper ceiling and the sprin­ (3) Installed in each bay of obstructed construction, with the
kler deflector, a vertical plane extending down from the ceiling deflectors located a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a
at the change in elevation shall be considered a wall for maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) below the ceiling
the purpose of sprinkler spacing as shown in Figure (4) Installed with the deflectors within the horizontal planes
10.2.6.1.1.3 (A). 1 in. to 6 in. (25 mm to 150 mm) below composite wood
(B) Where the distance between the upper ceiling and the joists to a maximum distance of 22 in. (550 mm) below
sprinkler deflector is less than or equal to 36 in. (900 mm), the the ceiling/roof deck only where joist channels are fire­
sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced as though the ceiling stopped to the full depth of the joists with material equiv­
was flat, provided the obstruction rules are observed as shown alent to the web construction so that individual channel
in Figure 10.2.6.1.1.3(8). areas do not exceed 300 ft2 (28 m2)
Construction. Under obstructed (5) * Installed with deflectors of sprinklers under concrete tee
10.2.6. 1.2 Obstructed
construction, the sprinkler deflector shall be located in accord­ construction with stems spaced less than 7� ft (2.3 m) on
ance with one of the following arrangements: centers, regardless of the depth of the tee, located at or
above a horizontal plane 1 in. (25 mm) below the bottom
(1) Installed with the deflectors within the horizontal planes of the stems of the tees and complying with Table
of 1 in. to 6 in. (25 mm to 150 mm) below the structural 10.2.7.2(a)or Table 10.2.7.2(b)
members and a maximum distance of 22 in. (550 mm) 10.2.6.1.3 Peaked Roofs and Ceilings.
below the ceiling/roof deck
(2) Installed with the deflectors at or above the bottom of the 10.2.6. 1.3.1 Unless the requirements of 10.2.6.1.3.2 or
structural member to a maximum of 22 in. (550 mm) 10.2.6.1.3.3 are met, sprinklers under or near the peak of a
below the ceiling/roof deck where the sprinkler is instal­ roof or ceiling shall have deflectors located not more than
led in conformance with 10.2.7.2 36 in. (900 mm) vertically down from the peak as indicated in
Figure 10.2.6.1.3.1 (a) and Figure 10.2.6.1.3.1 (b).
Maximum 10.2.6.1 .3.2':' Under saw-toothed roofs, sprinklers at the high­
---- % S ----� est elevation shall not exceed a distance of 36 in. (900 mm)
measured down the slope from the peak.
10.2.6.1 .3.3':' Under a steeply pitched surface, the distance
from the peak to the deflectors shall be permitted to be
increased to maintain a horizontal clearance of not less than
24 in. (600 mm) from other structural members as indicated in

[
Figure 10.2.6.1.3.3.
10.2.6. 1 .4 Sprinklers under a roof or ceiling in combustible
concealed spaces of wood joist or wood truss construction with
members less than 3 ft (900 mm) on center with a slope having
I
a pitch of 4 in 12 or greater shall be positioned in accordance
''' '' with Figure 10.2.6.1.4 and the requirements of 10.2.6.1.4.1
•
Maximum !
' through 10.2.6.1.4.6.
I � v2 s �!
I
10.2.6. 1 .4.1 Sprinklers shall be quick-response.

1-+---- Vertical plane treated as wall

I
10.2.6.1 .4.2 Sprinklers shall be installed so that a row of sprin­
for sprinkler spacing klers is installed within 12 in. (300 mm) horizontally of the
peak and between 1 in. and 12 in. (25 mm and 300 mm) down
X> 36 in. (900 mm) from the bottom of the top chord member.
S = maximum allowable distance
between sprinklers 10.2.6.1 .4.3* Sprinklers shall be installed so that the sprinklers
installed along the eave are located not less than 5 ft (1.5 m)
F1GURE 10.2.6.1 . 1.3(A) Vertical Change in Ceiling Elevation from the intersection of the upper and lower truss chords or
Greater Than 36 in. (900 mm). the wood rafters and ceilingjoists.
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-83

-v- -v-

kl----- Measured on slope --------ll�r

FIGURE 10.2.6. 1 .3. 1 (a) Sprinklers Under Pitched Roof with � FIGURE 10.2.6.1 .3.3 Horizontal Clearance for Sprinkler at
Sprinkler Directly Under Peak; Branch Lines Run Up Slopes. Peak of Pitched Roof.

XS....;...__ ---•
It (900 mm) joists on the eave and no more than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the hip
� ,
r- 3
max1mum line.
Y5 � Deck 1 0.2.6. 1 .4.6 The special requirements of 10.2.4.2.1 and
10.2.6.1.4 shall not apply when the exposed combustible
sheathing in the roof or ceiling space are constructed of pres­
sure impregnated fire retardant-treated wood as defined by
NFPA 703.
Section
1 0.2.6.1.5 Double Joist Obstructions.

1 0.2.6.1.5.1 Unless the requirements of 10.2.6.1.5.2 are met,

where two sets of joists are under a roof or ceiling, and no
flooring is over the lower set, sprinklers shall be installed above
and below the lower set of joists where a clearance of 6 in.
(150 mm) or more is between the top of the lower joist and the
bottom of the upper joist as indicated in Figure 10.2.6.1.5.1.
1 0.2.6.1.5.2 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from
below the lower set of joists where at least 18 in. (450 mm) is
maintained between the sprinkler deflector and the top of the
lower joist.
Measured on slope -----�
1 0.2.6.2 Deflector Orientation.

1 0.2.6.2.1 Unless the requirements of 10.2.6.2.2 or 10.2.6.2.3

FIGURE 10.2.6.1 .3.1 (b) Sprinklers at Pitched Roof; Branch are met, deflectors of sprinklers shall be aligned parallel to ceil­
Lines Run Up Slopes. ings, roofs, hips, or the incline of stairs.
1 0.2.6.2.2 Where sprinklers are installed in the peak below a
10.2.6. 1 .4.4* Sprinklers installed where the dimension sloped ceiling or roof surface, the sprinkler shall be installed
perpendicular to the slope exceeds 8 ft (2.4 m) shall have a with the deflector horizontal.
minimum pressure of20 psi (1.4 bar). 1 0.2.6.2.3 Roofs having a pitch not exceeding 2 in 12
10.2.6. 1 .4.5* The requirements of 10.2.6.1.4.3 or 10.2.6.1.4.4 (16.7 percent) are considered horizontal in the application of
shall not apply to sprinklers installed at the corner of the eave 10.2.6.2, and sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed with
of a hip type roof where located directly under the hip line deflectors horizontal.
spaced in accordance with 10.2.5.2.2 or located on the slope
plane not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the intersection of the
upper and lower truss chords or the wood rafters and ceiling
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 13-84 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Paragraph 1 0.2.6.1 .4.2

1
1 in. (25 mm) to
1 2 in. (300 m)
Row of sprinklers required within 12 in. (300 mm)
horizontally and between 1 in. and 12 in. (300 mm)
down from the bottom of the top chord member
_!__--7"�'-.
Additional sprinklers spaced Additional sprinklers spaced
along slope as required along slope as required

Roof or ceiling combustible

concealed space

*The 5 It minimum dimension is measured from the intersection of the upper and lower truss chords
or the wood rafters and ceiling joists.
� FIGURE 10.2.6. 1 .4 Sprinklers Under Roof or Ceiling in Combustible Concealed Spaces of Wood Joist or Wood Truss
Construction with Members Less Than 3 ft (900 mm) on Center with a Slope Having a Pitch of 4 in 12 or Greater.

10.2.7 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Standard Pendent

and Upright Spray Sprinklers) . 6 in.
10.2.7.1 General. Sprinklers shall be located so as to mini­
mize obstructions to discharge as defined in 10.2.7, or addi­
tional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate coverage
•
of the hazard.
10.2.7.2* Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Devel­
Less than 6 in.
opment. Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with one of
+--- ( 1 50 mm) ---+I+---+-- Vz S
the following arrangements: below only
( l ) Subsection 9.5.5.2, Table 10.2.7.2(a) or Table 10.2.7.2(b),
and Figure 10.2.7.2(a) shall be followed. FIGURE 10.2.6. 1.5.1 Arrangement of Sprinklers Under Two
(2) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite Sets of Open Joists - No Sheathing on Lower Joists.
sides of obstructions not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width,
provided the distance from the centerline of the obstruc­ N Table 10.2.7.2(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
tion to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowa­
ble distance permitted between sprinklers. Obstructions to Discharge [Standard Spray Upright/Standard
(3) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not Spray Pendent (SSU /SSP)]
over 30 in. (750 mm) in width shall be permitted to be
protected in accordance with Figure 10.2.7.2(b). Allowable Distance of
(4) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
over 24 in. (600 mm) in width shall be permitted to be Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.)
protected in accordance with Figure 10.2.7.2(c). The Less than 1 0
maximum distance between the sprinkler and the wall 1 or more 2!/z or less
shall be measured from the sprinkler to the wall behind 1!/z or more 3!/z or less
the obstruction and not to the face of the obstruction. 2 or more 5!/z or less
(5) Obstructions no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) in width in
hallways up to 6 ft (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted in 2!/z or more 7!/z or less
accordance with Figure 10.2.7.2(d) when the sprinkler is 3 or more 9!/z or less
located within the allowable obstruction zone and the 3!/z or more 12 or less
closest edge of the obstruction is a minimum of 12 in. 4 or more 14 or less
(300 mm) away from the centerline of the sprinkler. 4!/z or more 16!/z or less
(6) Sprinklers shall be installed below fixed obstructions over 5 or more 18 or less
4 ft (1.2 m) wide. 5!/z or more 20 or less
(7) Sprinklers shall not be required under obstructions 4 ft. 6 or more 24 or less
(1.2 m) or less wide when the provisions of Table 6!/z or more 30 or less
10.2.7.2(a) or Table 10.2.7.2(b) and Figure 10.2.7.2(a) 7 or more 35 or less
are maintained. Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.2.7.2 (a) .

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-85

N Table 10.2.7.2(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid

Obstructions to Discharge [Standard Spray Upright/Standard Ceiling
Spray Pendent (SSU /SSP)]

Allowable Distance of
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)

Less than 300 0

300 or more 65 or less A
450 or more 90 or less
600 or more 140 or less
750 or more 190 or less
900 or more 240 or less
l l OO or more 300 or less
1200 or more 350 or less A " (0 - 8 in.) + B
[A " ( 0 - 200 mm) + 8]
1400 or more 420 or less where: 0 s 30 in. (750 mm)
1500 or more 450 or less
1700 or more 510 or less
1800 or more 600 or less Elevation View
2000 or more 750 or less
2100 or more 875 or less FIGURE 10.2.7.2(b) Obstruction Against Wall (SSU/SSP).
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.2.7.2 (a) .

V2 S

j
No maximum
Obstruction

Elevation View

FIGURE 10.2.7.2(a) Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid

Obstruction to Discharge (SSU/SSP) . No additional
protection is
required
10.2.7.3 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­ Wall
ment.
� FIGURE 10.2.7.2(c) Obstructions Against Walls (SSU/SSP).
10.2.7.3.1 General.

10.2.7.3 . 1 . 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less obstruction (e.g., structural members, pipe, columns, and
than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector fixtures) in accordance with Figure 10.2.7.3.1.3(a) and Figure
that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply 10.2.7.3.1.3(b).
with 10.2.7.3. (A) The maximum clear distance required shall be 24 in.
10.2.7.3 . 1 .2 Regardless of the rules of 10.2.7.3, solid continu­ (600 mm).
ous obstructions, where the top of the obstruction is level with (B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to
or above the plane of the deflector, shall meet the applicable obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns).
requirements of 10.2.7.2.
1 0.2.7.3. 1 .4':' For light and ordinary hazard occupancies,
10.2.7.3. 1 .3':' Minimum Distance from Obstructions. Unless
the requirements of 10.2.7.3.1.4 through 10.2.7.3.1.9 are met, structural members only shall be considered when applying the
sprinklers shall be positioned away from obstructions a mini­ requirements ofl 0.2. 7 .3.1.3.
mum distance of three times the maximum dimension of the
Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-86 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

�i�I
__, b=Allowable obstruction zone

1 I i

�
Obstruction

__U
Up to 6 ft ( 1.8 m)

1 I
1 2 in Pendent spnnkler

I1
(300 mm)
I e
m1mmum
Hallway

N FIGURE 10.2.7.2(d) Obstruction in Hallway.

10.2.7.3. 1.5 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on

[
opposite sides of the obstruction not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in
width, where the distance from the centerline of the obstruc­ Sprinkler
tion to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable •
distance between sprinklers.
10.2.7.3. 1 .6 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be located one­
half the distance between the obstructions where the obstruc­ Obstruction
tion consists of open trusses 20 in. (500 mm) or greater apart A
[24 in. (600 mm) on center], provided that all truss members
are not greater than 4 in. (100 mm) (nominal) in width. Plan View of Column
10.2.7.3. 1.7 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed on
(Obstruction in vertical orientation)
A � 3C or 30
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
the centerline of a truss or bar joist or directly above a beam,
provided that the truss chord or beam dimension is not more
than 8 in. (200 mm) and the sprinkler deflector is located at � FIGURE 10.2.7.3.1 .3(a) Minimum Distance from an
least 6 in. (150 mm) above the structural member and where Obstruction in the Vertical Orientation (SSU/SSP).
the sprinkler is positioned at a distance three times greater
than the maximum dimension of the web members away from
the web members.
10.2.7.3 . 1 .8 The requirements of 10.2.7.3.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
10.2.7.3. 1 .9 The requirements of 10.2.7.3.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinklers positioned with respect to obstructions in accord­
ance with 10.2.7.2. _! Open web steel
or wood truss
10.2.7.3.1. 10* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
out regard to the blades of ceiling fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) \
in diameter, provided the plan view of the fan is at least
50 percent open.
� 10.2.7.3.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions.

N 10.2.7.3.2.1 The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains,

freestanding partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions
in light hazard occupancies shall be in accordance with Table
10.2.7.3.2.1 (a)or Table 10.2.7.3.2.1 (b) and Figure 10.2.7.3.2.1. Elevation View of Truss
10.2.7.3.2.2':' In light hazard occupancies, privacy curtains, as
(Obstruction in horizontal orientation)
shown in Figure 10.2.7.3.2.1, shall not be considered obstruc­ A " 3C or 30
A s 24 in. (600 mm)
tions where all of the following are met: (Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
(1) The curtains are supported by fabric mesh on ceiling FIGURE 10.2.7.3.1 .3(b) Minimum Distance from an
track. Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (SSU/SSP).
(2) Openings in the mesh are equal to 70 percent or greater.
(3) The mesh extends a minimum of 22 in. (550 mm) down
from ceiling.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-87

N Table 10.2.7.3.2. 1 (a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Center of sprinkler

I
i
Obstructions in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (SSU/SSP)
I
1--- More than -----.j
Minimum Vertical Distance i 6 in. ( 1 50 mm) i Underside of ceiling or deck
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.) Below Deflector (B) (in.) ! !
6 or less 3 or more
9 or less 4 or more i
12 or less 6 or more I
15 or less 8 or more �
i !
---------------- -----

18 or less 9� or more
24 or less 12� or more � 1 8 in.
30 or less 15� or more (450 mm)

t
More than 30 18 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.2. 7.3.2. 1 . __ ____ If center of partition is more than
6 in. ( 1 50 mm) from center of sprinkler,
top partition must be at least 18 in. (450 mm)
N Table 10.2.7.3.2. 1 (b) Suspended o r Floor-Mounted below deflector
Obstructions in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (SSU/SSP)

Minimum Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance (A) (mm) Below Deflector (B) (mm) Center of partition
150 or less 75 or more that is 12 in. (300 mm)
or less in width
225 or less 100 or more
300 or less 150 or more
375 or less 200 or more
450 or less 240 or more
600 or less 315 or more N FIGURE 10.2.7.3.2.3 Location of Suspended or Floor­
750 or less 390 or more Mounted Obstruction in Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
More than 750 450 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.2.7.3.2.1 .
(Sprinkler Located to the Side) (SSU /SSP).

-
obstructions no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) in width, the
distance from the sprinkler deflector to the top of the obstruc­
Ceiling or roof tion shall be permitted to be installed 6 in. (150 mm) or
greater vertically per Figure 10.2.7.3.2.4.
1 0.2.7.4* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
Reaching Hazard.
A
1 0.2.7.4.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that
interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than
18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to
limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall
comply with 10.2.7.4.
1 0.2.7.4.2* Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.
Floor 1 0.2.7.4.3 Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be of
the intermediate level/rack storage type or otherwise shielded
FIGURE 10.2.7.3.2.1 Suspended or Floor-Mounted from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.
Obstruction in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (SSU/SSP).
1 0.2.7.4.4 The deflector of automatic sprinklers installed
under fixed obstructions shall be positioned no more than
12 in. (300 mm) below the bottom of the obstruction.
N 10.2.7.3.2.3 In ordinary hazard occupancies, where sprinklers 1 0.2.7.4.5 Sprinklers installed under round ducts shall be of
are installed above freestanding partitions, room dividers, and the intermediate level/rack storage type or otherwise shielded
similar obstructions, the distance from the sprinkler deflector from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.
to the top of the obstruction shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or
greater per Figure 10.2.7.3.2.3. 1 0.2.8 Clearance to Storage (Standard Pendent and Upright
Spray Sprinklers) .
N 10.2.7.3.2.4 In ordinary hazard occupancies, where sprinklers
are installed within 6 in. (150 mm) horizontally of the center­ 1 0.2.8. 1 * The clearance between the deflector and the top of
line of freestanding partitions, room dividers, and similar storage shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater.
Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-88 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Center of sprinkler
I
(3) The entire floor under the unprotected ceiling pocket is
protected by sprinklers at the lower ceiling elevation.
_, i �- 6 in. ( 1 50 mm) (4) * The total size of all unprotected ceiling pockets in the
!
6 in. ( 1 50 mm) __,.__.;.--
I
same compartment within 10 ft (3 m) of each other does
I not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
i (5) The unprotected ceiling pocket has noncombustible or
limited-combustible finishes.
� I t- Maximum allowable (6) Quick-response sprinklers are utilized throughout the
Underside of ceili ng or dec�_ 3_____-T
'\17 _____L�:��=����
compartment.
9.5.4 .1
2:6 1n. 10.2.9.3 Sprinklers shall not be required in skylights and simi­
( 1 50 mm) -------
lar pockets in accordance with 9.3.16.
10.3 Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinklers.
If center of partition is 6 in. ( 1 50 mm) 10.3.1 General. All requirements of Section 9.5 shall apply to
or less from center of sprinkler, top sidewall standard spray sprinklers except as modified in
partition can be 6 in. ( 1 50 mm)
below deflector Section 10.3.
� 10.3.2 Sidewall Spray Sprinklers. Sidewall sprinklers shall
only be installed as follows:
(1) In light hazard occupancies with smooth, horizontal ceil­
ings
Center of partition (2) In light hazard occupancies with sloped, flat ceilings
that is 12 in. (300 mm)
or less in width
(3) In ordinary hazard occupancies with smooth, flat ceilings
where specifically listed for such use
(4) To protect areas below overhead doors
(5) At the top and bottom of elevator hoistways
(6) For the protection of steel building columns
(7) Under obstructions that require sprinklers
N FIGURE 10.2.7.3.2.4 Location of Suspended or Floor­
(8) For the protection of exterior projections and similar
Mounted Obstruction in Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
structures
(Sprinkler Located Directly Above) (SSU/SSP).
(9) * Under cars in car stackers and car lift systems with cars
stacked vertically placed under each level of cars
N 10.3.2.1 For purposes of 10.3.2(1) and 10.3.2(2), corrugated
� 10.2.8.2 The 18 in. (450 mm) dimension shall not limit the
height of shelving on a wall or shelving against a wall in accord­ metal deck with channel depths up to 3 in. (75 mm) shall be
considered as smooth ceilings.
ance with 10.2.8.1.
10.3.3 Protection Areas per Sprinkler (Standard Sidewall Spray
10.2.8.2.1 Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not
Sprinklers) .
directly below sprinklers, the shelves, including storage
thereon, shall be permitted to extend above the level of a plane 10.3.3. 1 Determination of Protection Area of Coverage.
located 18 in. (450 mm) below ceiling sprinkler deflectors. 10.3.3. 1 . 1 The protection area of coverage per sprinkler (A,)
10.2.8.2.2 Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below
the sprinklers shall not extend above a plane located 18 in. ( l ) beAlong
shall determined as follows:
the wall as follows:
(450 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors. (a) Determine the distance between sprinklers along
N 10.2.8.3 The clearance between the top of storage to sprinkler the wall (or to the end wall or obstruction in the
deflectors shall not be less than 36 in. (900 mm) where rubber case of the end sprinkler on the branch line)
tires are stored. upstream and downstream
10.2.8.4 Where other standards specify greater clearance to (b) Choose the larger of either twice the distance to the
storage minimums, they shall be followed. end wall or the distance to the next sprinkler
(c) Define dimension as S
10.2.9 Ceiling Pockets (Standard Pendent and Upright Spray
Sprinklers) .
(2) Across the room as follows:
(a) Determine the distance from the wall on which the
10.2.9. 1 * Except as provided in 10.2.9.2 and 10.2.9.3, sprin­ sprinkler is installed to the wall opposite the sprin­
klers shall be required in all ceiling pockets. klers or to the midpoint of the room where sprin­
10.2.9.2 Sprinklers shall not be required in ceiling pockets
klers are installed on two opposite walls (see
1 0.3. 4. 1.5 and 1 0.3. 4. 1. 6)
where all of the following are met: (b) Define dimension as L
( l ) The total volume of the unprotected ceiling pocket does
10.3.3. 1.2 The protection area of the sprinkler shall be estab­
L
not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
(2) The depth of the unprotected ceiling pocket does not follows:by multiplying the S dimension by the dimension, as
lished
exceed 36 in. (900 mm).

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-89

[ 1 0.3.3.1 .2] 1 0.3.4. 1 . 7 Where sidewall standard spray sprinklers are instal­
A, = S x L led to protect areas below overhead doors within ordinary
hazard occupancy spaces or rooms, protection area and maxi­
10.3.3.2 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage. mum sprinkler spacing for light hazard as specified in Table
10.3.3.2.1 shall be permitted under the overhead doors.
10.3.3.2.1 The maximum allowable protection area of cover­
age for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value 1 0.3.4.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from
indicated in Table 10.3.3.2.1. sprinklers to the end walls shall not exceed one-half of the
allowable distance permitted between sprinklers as indicated in
10.3.3.2.2 In any case, the maximum area of coverage of a Table 10.3.3.2.1.
sprinkler shall not exceed 196 ft2 (18 m2). 1 0.3.4.3 Minimum Distance from Walls.
10.3.4 Sprinkler Spacing (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .
1 0.3.4.3.1 Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in.
10.3.4.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers. (100 mm) from an end wall.
10.3.4. 1 . 1 The maximum distance permitted between sidewall 1 0 .3.4.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers
spray sprinklers shall be based on the centerline distance shall be spaced not less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on center unless
between sprinklers on the branch line. required by 10.3.5.1.3.1 or unless the sprinklers are separated
10.3.4. 1.2 The maximum distance between sidewall spray
by baffles that comply with the following:
sprinklers or to a wall shall be measured along the slope of the (1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
ceiling. elements.
10.3.4. 1 .3 Where sidewall spray sprinklers are installed along
(2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
the length of a single wall of rooms or bays, they shall be place before and during sprinkler operation.
spaced in accordance with the maximum spacing provisions of (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
Table 10.3.3.2.1. 6 in. (150 mm) high.
( 4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
10.3.4. 1 .4 Sidewall spray sprinklers shall not be installed back­
(50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors.
to-hack without being separated by a continuous lintel or soffit. (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
at least even with the deflectors.
10.3.4.1.4.1 The maximum width of the lintel or soffit shall
1 0.3.5 Deflector Position from Ceilings and Walls (Standard
not exceed 16 in. (400 mm). Sidewall Spray Sprinklers).
N 10.3.4.1 .4.2 The lintel or soffit shall project a minimum of
1 0.3.5.1 Distance Below Ceilings and from Walls.
4 in. (100 mm) below the deflector of the back-to-back hori­
zontal sidewall sprinklers. 1 0.3.5. 1 . 1 Ceilings.
10.3.4.1 .4.3 The maximum width of the lintel or soffit can 1 0.3.5. 1 . 1 . 1 Unless the requirements of 10.3.5.1.1.2 are met,
exceed 16 in. (400 mm) when a pendent sprinkler is installed sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be located not more than
under the lintel or soffit. 6 in. (150 mm) or less than 4 in. (100 mm) from ceilings.
10.3.4. 1.5 Where sidewall spray sprinklers are installed on two 1 0.3.5. 1 . 1 .2 Horizontal sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted
opposite walls or sides of bays, the maximum width of the room to be located in a zone 6 in. to 12 in. (150 mm to 300 mm) or
or bay shall be permitted to be up to 24 ft (7.3 m) for light 12 in. to 18 in. (300 mm to 450 mm) below noncombustible
hazard occupancy or 20 ft (6.1 m) for ordinary hazard occu­ and limited-combustible ceilings where listed for such use.
pancy, with spacing as required by Table 10.3.3.2.1. 1 0.3.5. 1.2 Walls.
10.3.4. 1 .6 Sidewall spray sprinklers shall be permitted to be
installed on opposing or adjacent walls, provided no sprinkler 1 0.3.5 . 1 .2.1 Vertical sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be
':'

is located within the maximum protection area of another located not more than 6 in. (150 mm) or less than 4 m.

sprinkler. (100 mm) from the wall from which they are projecting.

Table 10.3.3.2.1 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinkler)

Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard

Noncombustible or Noncombustible or
Limited­ Limited­
Combustible Combustible Combustible Combustible
Ceiling Finish Ceiling Finish Ceiling Finish Ceiling Finish
Maximum distance along 14 [4.3] 14 [4.3] 10 [3.0] 10 [3.0]
(S)
the wall (ft) [m]
Maximum room 12 [3.7] 14 [4.3] l O [3.0] 10 [3.0]
width (L) (ft) [m]
Maximum2 protection 120 [11] 196 [18] so [7.4] 100 [9.3]
area (ft ) [m2]
Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
13-90 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

10-3-5-L2-2 Horizontal sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be 10.3.6. L2.2 The bottom of light fixtures and similar obstruc­
located no more than 6 in. (150 mm), and shall be permitted tions located less than 4 ft (1.2 m) from the sprinkler shall be
to be located with their deflectors less than 4 in. (100 mm), above the plane of the sprinkler deflector.
from the wall on which they are mounted. 10.3.6.L3 The distance between light fixtures or similar
10.3.5.L3 Lintels and Soffits. obstructions located 4 ft (1.2 m) or greater from the sprinkler
10.3.5.L3.1 Where soffits used for the installation of sidewall
shall be in conformity with Table 10.3.6.1.3(a)or Table
sprinklers exceed 8 in. (200 mm) in width or projection from 10.3.6.1.3(b)and Figure 10.3.6.1.3.
the wall, additional sprinklers shall be installed below the soffit. N Table 10.3.6.L3(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
10.3.5. L3.2* Where soffits used for the installation of sidewall Obstructions to Discharge (Standard Spray Sidewall)
sprinklers are less than or equal to 8 in. (200 mm) in width or
projection from the wall, additional sprinklers shall not be Allowable Distance of
required below the soffit when the sidewall sprinkler is installed Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
on the soffit. Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.)
10.3.5. 1 -3.3':' A sidewall sprinkler shall be permitted to be
installed under a soffit when both the minimum distance from Less than 4 0
the sprinkler deflector to the bottom of the soffit and maxi­ 4 or more 1 or less
mum distance from the sprinkler deflector to the high ceiling 5 or more 2 or less
is maintained. 5� or more 3 or less
10.3.5.L4':' Soffits and Cabinets. Where soffits are used for
6 or more 4 or less
the installation of sidewall sprinklers, the sprinklers and soffits 6� or more 6 or less
shall be installed in accordance with 10.3.5.1.4.1, 10.3.5.1.4.2, 7 or more 7 or less
or 10.3.5.1.4.3. 7� or more 9 or less
8 or more 11 or less
10.3.5. L4.1 Where soffits exceed more than 8 in. (200 mm) in 8� or more 14 or less
width or projection from the wall, pendent sprinklers shall be Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6.1 .3.
installed under the soffit.
10.3.5. L4.2 Sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be instal­
N Table 10.3.6. L3(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
led in the face of a soffit located directly over cabinets, without
requiring additional sprinklers below the soffit or cabinets, Obstructions to Discharge (Standard Spray Sidewall)
where the soffit does not project horizontally more than 12 in.
(300 mm) from the wall. Allowable Distance of
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
10.3.5. L4.3 Where sidewall sprinklers are more than 36 in.
Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)
(900 mm) above the top of cabinets, the sprinkler shall be
permitted to be installed on the wall above the cabinets where Less than 1200 0
the cabinets are no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall. 1200 or more 25 or less
10.3.5.2 Deflector Orientation.
1500 or more 50 or less
1700 or more 75 or less
10.3.5.2. 1 Sidewall sprinklers, where installed under a sloped 1800 or more 100 or less
ceiling with a slope exceeding 2 in 12, shall be located at the 2000 or more 150 or less
high point of the slope and positioned to discharge downward 2100 or more 175 or less
along the slope. 2300 or more 225 or less
10.3.6 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Standard Sidewall 2400 or more 275 or less
Spray Sprinklers). 2600 or more 350 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6.1 .3.
10.3.6.1 Performance Objective.

10.3.6. L 1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mmtmtze

obstructions to discharge as defined in 9.5.5.2 and 9.5.5.3, or 10.3.6.L4 Obstructions projecting from the same wall as the
additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate one on which the sidewall sprinkler is mounted shall be in
coverage of the hazard. accordance with Table 10.3.6.1.4(a)or Table 10.3.6.1.4(b)and
10.3.6.L2 Sidewall sprinklers shall not be installed less than
Figure 10.3.6.1.4.
4 ft (1.2 m) from light fixtures or similar obstructions unless 10.3.6.L4.1 Isolated obstructions projecting from the same
the requirements of 10.3.6.1.2.1 or 10.3.6.1.2.2 are met. wall as the one on which the sidewall sprinkler is mounted shall
10.3.6.L2.1 For obstructions such as light fixtures, where the
be located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from the sidewall
greatest dimension of the obstruction is less than 2 ft (0.6 m), sprinkler.
sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed at a mini­
mum distance of three times the greatest dimension.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-91

10.3.6.1.5 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on oppo­ N Table 10.3.6. 1 .4(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
site sides of obstructions less than 4 ft (1.2 m) in width where Obstructions Along Wall (Standard Spray Sidewall Sprinklers)
the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprin­
klers does not exceed one-half the allowable distance between Allowable Distance of
sprinklers. Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
10.3.6.1.6 Obstructions on the wall opposite from the sidewall Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)
sprinkler shall be permitted in accordance with Figure Less than 100 0
1 0.3.6.1.6. 100 or more 25 or less
N 10.3.6.1.7 Obstructions up to 12 in. (300 mm) in width in hall­ 150 or more 50 or less
ways up to 6 ft (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted in accord­ 300 or more 75 or less
ance with Figure 10.3.6.1.7 when the sprinkler is located in the 450 or more 115 or less
allowable obstruction zone and the closest edge of the obstruc­ 600 or more 145 or less
tion is a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) away from the deflector. 750 or more 175 or less
900 or more 200 or less
1100 or more 230 or less
1200 or more 250 or less
Ceiling or roof
1400 or more 290 or less
1500 or more 320 or less
1700 or more 350 or less
1800 or more 375 or less
2000 or more 410 or less
2200 or more 440 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6. 1 .4.
Obstruction

A Ceiling
•
Sidewall
sprinkler
on wall

Elevation View Obstruction

FIGURE 10.3.6.1 .3 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid

Obstruction (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinklers). A

N Table 10.3.6.1 .4(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid Elevation View

Obstructions Along Wall (Standard Spray Sidewall Sprinklers)
FIGURE 10.3.6. 1 .4 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid
Obstruction Along Wall (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .
Allowable Distance of

-,-.�1 12
f-:--�
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) Obstruction (B) (in.)

Less than 4 in. 0 It (600 mm)

4 in. or more 1 or less
6 in. or more 2 or less
1 ft or more 3 or less (600 mm)
1!;2 ft or more 4!;2 or less
2 ft or more 5% or less
2!;2 ft or more 7 or less
3 ft or more 8 or less
3!;2 ft or more 9Y., or less
4 ft or more 10 or less N FIGURE 10.3.6. 1 .6 Permitted Obstruction on Wall Opposite
4!;2 ft or more 11 !;2 or less Sidewall Sprinkler.
5 ft or more 12% or less
5!;2 ft or more 14 or less
6 ft or more 15 or less
6!;2 ft or more 16Y., or less
7 ft or more 17!;2 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6.1 .4.

Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-92 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

�i�I
__, b=Allowable obstruction zone

1 I i

�
Obstruction

__U
Up to 6 ft ( 1.8 m)

1 I
1 2 in Pendent spnnkler

I1
(300 mm)
I e
m1mmum
Hallway

N FIGURE 10.3.6.1.7 Sprinkler Obstruction in Hallways (Standard Spray Sidewall Sprinklers).

���
��
10.3.6.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­
ment.

10.3.6.2. 1 General.

10.3.6.2. 1 . 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less

than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector Sprinkler
that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply
with this section.
[> ��
I�
10.3.6.2. 1.2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
continuous obstructions shall meet the requirements of
10.3.6.1.2 and 10.3.6.1.3. Obstruction
A
�
10.3.6.2. 1 .3* Unless the requirements of 10.3.6.2.1.4 or
10.3.6.2.1.5 are met, sprinklers shall be positioned away from
obstructions a minimum distance of three times the maximum Wall
dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and chords, pipe,
columns, and fixtures) in accordance with Figure Plan View of Column
10.3.6.2.1.3(a) and Figure 10.3.6.2.1.3(b). (Obstruction in vertical orientation)
A 2 3C or 30
(A) The maximum clear distance required to obstructions in (Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
the horizontal orientation (e.g., light fixtures and truss chords)
shall be 24 in. (600 mm).
FIGURE 10.3.6.2.1 .3(a) Minimum Distance from an
(B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to Obstruction in tbe Vertical Orientation (Standard Sidewall
obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns). Spray Sprinklers).
10.3.6.2. 1 .4 The requirements of 10.3.6.2.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (SO mm) in diameter. (3) The mesh extends a minimum of 22 in. (550 mm) down
10.3.6.2. 1 .5 The requirements of 10.3.6.2.1.3 shall not apply from ceiling.
where sprinklers are positioned with respect to obstructions in
accordance with 10.3.6.1.2, 10.3.6.1.3, and 10.3.6.1.4. 10.3.6.3* Obstructions tbat Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
Reaching Hazard.
10.3.6.2. 1 .6* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
out regard to the blades of ceiling fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) 10.3.6.3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that
in diameter, provided the plan view of the fan is at least interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than
50 percent open. 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to
limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall
10.3.6.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions.
The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, free-standing comply with this section.
partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions in light 10.3.6.3.2* Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
hazard occupancies shall be in accordance with Table tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.
10.3.6.2.2(a)or Table 10.3.6.2.2(b)and Figure 10.3.6.2.2. 10.3.7* Clearance to Storage (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprin­
10.3.6.2.2.1 * In light hazard occupancies, privacy curtains, as klers).
shown in Figure 10.3.6.2.2, shall not be considered obstruc­ 10.3.7. 1 The clearance between the deflector and the top of
tions where all of the following are met: storage shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater.
( l ) The curtains are supported by fabric mesh on ceiling
track.
(2) Openings in the mesh are equal to 70 percent or greater.
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD PENDENT, UPRIGHT, AND SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLERS 13-93

Ceiling

A
Obstruction
�0 0 0
I· D
·I

Elevation View of Pipe Conduit or Light Fixture

A 2 3 C or 30
A ,; 24 in. (600 mm) Elevation View
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
FIGURE 10.3.6.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted
Obstruction (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) in Light
FIGURE 10.3.6.2.1.3(b) Minimum Distance from an Hazard Occupancy Only.
Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (Standard Sidewall
Spray Sprinklers).
1 0.3.7.2 The 18 in. (450 mm) dimension shall not limit the
height of shelving on a wall or shelving against a wall in accord­
ance with 10.3.7.1.
N Table 10.3.6.2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions
1 0.3.7.2.1 Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not
in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Standard Spray Sidewalls)
directly below sprinklers, the shelves, including storage
thereon, shall be permitted to extend above the level of a plane
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.)
Minimum Vertical Distance
Below Deflector(B) (in.) located 18 in. (450 mm) below ceiling sprinkler deflectors.
1 0.3.7.2.2 Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below
6 or less 3 or more the sprinklers shall not extend above a plane located 18 in.
9 or less 4 or more ( 450 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors.
12 or less 6 or more N 1 0.3.7.3 Where other standards specifY greater clearance to
15 or less 8 or more storage minimums, they shall be followed.
18 or less 9� or more
24 or less 12� or more
30 or less 15� or more
More than 30 18 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6.2.2.

N Table 10.3.6.2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions

in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Standard Spray Sidewalls)

Minimum Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance (A) (mm) Below Deflector (B)(mm)

150 or less 75 or more

225 or less 100 or more
300 or less 150 or more
375 or less 200 or more
450 or less 240 or more
600 or less 315 or more
750 or less 390 or more
More than 750 450 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 10.3.6.2.2.

Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-94 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Chapter 1 1 Installation Requirements for Extended Coverage 1 1 .2.2 Protection Areas per Sprinkler (Extended Coverage
Upright, Pendent, Sidewall Spray Sprinkler Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers) .

1 1 . 1 General. Extended coverage pendent, upright, and side­ 1 1 .2.2.1 * Determination of Protection Area of Coverage.
wall sprinklers shall be selected for use and installation as indi­ 1 1 .2.2. 1 . 1 The protection area of coverage (A,) for extended
cated in this chapter and shall be positioned and spaced in coverage sprinklers shall be not less than that prescribed by the
accordance with Section 9.5. listing.
1 1 .2 Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprin­ 1 1 .2.2. 1.2 Listing dimensions shall be even-numbered square
klers. protection areas as shown in Table 11.2.2.1.2.
1 1 .2.1 Extended Coverage Sprinklers. Extended coverage 1 1 .2.2. 1.3 Determination of the protection area of coverage
sprinklers shall only be installed as follows: and sprinkler spacing for sprinklers listed for extended cover­
(1) In unobstructed construction consisting of flat, smooth age extra hazard or high-piled storage shall be permitted to be
ceilings with a slope not exceeding a pitch of 1 in 6 (a rise spaced in accordance with the requirements of 9.5.2 and 9.5.3
of 2 units in a run of 12 units, a roof slope of and shall not exceed 14 ft (4.3 m) maximum spacing and
16.7 percent) 196 ft2 (18 m2) maximum area per sprinkler or 15 ft (4.6 m)
(2) In unobstructed or noncombustible obstructed construc­ maximum spacing and 144 ft2 (13 m2) maximum area per
tion, where specifically listed for such use sprinkler.
(3) Within trusses or bar joists having web members not 1 1 .2.2.2 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage.
greater than 1 in. (25 mm) maximum dimension or
where trusses are spaced greater than 7\-2 ft (2.3 m) on 1 1 .2.2.2. 1 * The maximum allowable area of coverage for a
center and where the ceiling slope does not exceed a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value indicated in
pitch of 1 in 6 (a rise of 2 units in a run of 12 units, a roof Table 11.2.2.1.2.
slope of l6.7 percent)
( 4) Extended coverage upright and pendent sprinklers instal­ 1 1 .2.2.2.2 In any case, the maximum area of coverage of a
led under smooth, flat ceilings that have slopes not sprinkler shall not exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
exceeding a pitch of 1 in 3 (a rise of 4 units in a run of 12 1 1 .2.3 Sprinkler Spacing (Extended Coverage Upright and
units, a roof slope of 33.3 percent), where specifically Pendent Spray Sprinklers) .
listed for such use
(5) Extended coverage sidewall sprinklers installed in accord­ 1 1 .2.3.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers.
ance with 11.3.5.2.1 in slopes exceeding a ceiling pitch of 1 1 .2.3. 1 . 1 The maximum distance permitted between sprin­
2 in 12 klers shall be based on the centerline distance between sprin­
(6) In each bay of obstructed construction consisting of solid klers on the branch line or on adjacent branch lines.
structural members that extend below the deflector of
the sprinkler 1 1 .2.3 . 1 . 2 The maximum distance shall be measured along
(7) Extended coverage sprinklers installed to protect areas the slope of the ceiling.
below a single overhead door(s)
1 1 .2.3 . 1 . 3 The maximum distance permitted between sprin­
klers shall comply with Table 11.2.2.1.2.

� Table 1 1 .2.2.1 .2 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers)

Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Extra Hazard High-Piled Storage

Protection Area Spacing Protection Area Spacing Protection Area Spacing Protection Area Spacing
Construction Type [ft2 (m2 )] [ft (m)] [ft2 (m2 )] [ft (m)] [ft2 (m2)] [ft (m)] [ft 2 (m2 )] [ft (m)]

Unobstructed 400 (37) 20 ( 6 . 1 ) 400 (37) 20 (6. 1 )

324 (30) 1 8 (5.5) 324 (30) 18 (5.5)
256 (24) 16 (4.9) 256 (24) 16 (4.9)
196 ( 18) 14 (4.3) 1 96 ( 1 8) 14 (4.3) 1 96 ( 1 8) 1 4 (4.3)
1 44 ( 13) 12 (3.7) 1 44 ( 1 3) 1 5 (4.6) 1 44 ( 1 3) 1 5 (4.6)
Obstructed 400 (37) 20 (6. 1 ) 400 (37) 20 (6. 1 )
noncombustible 324 (30) 1 8 (5.5) 324 (30) 18 (5.5)
(when specifically 256 (24) 16 (4.9) 256 (24) 16 (4.9)
listed for such use) 196 ( 18) 14 (4.3) 1 96 ( 1 8) 1 4 (4.3) 1 96 ( 1 8) 1 4 (4.3)
144 ( 13) 12 (3.7) 1 44 ( 1 3 ) 1 5 (4.6) 1 44 ( 1 3) 1 5 (4.6)
Obstructed N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
combustible

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT, PENDENT, SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLER 13-95

1 L2-3-2 Maximum Distance from Walls- at the change in elevation shall be considered a wall for the
1 L2-3-2- 1 The distance from sprinklers to walls shall not
purpose of sprinkler spacing.
exceed one-half of the allowable distance permitted between (B) * Where the distance between the upper ceiling and the
sprinklers as indicated in Table 11.2.2.1.2. sprinkler deflector is less than or equal to 36 in. (900 mm), the
1 L2-3-2-2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced as though the ceiling
measured perpendicular to the wall. were flat, provided the obstruction rules are observed.
1 L2.4.L2 Obstructed Construction. Under obstructed
1 L2.3.2.3 Where walls are angled or irregular, the maximum
horizontal distance between a sprinkler and any point of floor construction, the sprinkler deflector shall be located in accord­
area protected by that sprinkler shall not exceed 0.75 times the ance with one of the following arrangements:
allowable distance permitted between sprinklers. ( l ) Installed with the deflectors within the horizontal planes
1 L2.3.3 Minimum Distance from Walls. Sprinklers shall be
of 1 in. to 6 in. (25 mm to 150 mm) below noncombusti­
located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall unless listed ble structural members and a maximum distance of 22 in.
for distances less than 4 in. (100 mm). (550 mm) below the ceiling/roof deck
(2) Installed with the deflectors at or above the bottom of
1 L2.3.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers.
noncombustible structural member to a maximum of
22 in. (550 mm) below the noncombustible ceiling/roof
1 L2.3.4.1 Unless the requirements of 11.2.3.4.2 are met, deck where the sprinkler is installed in conformance with
sprinklers shall be spaced not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center. 11.2.5.1.2
1 L2.3.4.2 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed less than
(3) Installed in each bay of combustible or noncombustible
8 ft (2.4 m) on center where the following conditions are satis­ obstructed construction, with the deflectors located a
fied: minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 12 in.
(300 mm) below the ceiling
(1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating ( 4) Installed in accordance with their listing where sprinklers
elements. are listed for use under other ceiling construction
(2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in features or for different distances
place before and during sprinkler operation. 1 L2.4.L3* Peaked Roofs and Ceilings. Sprinklers under or
(3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and near the peak of a roof or ceiling shall have deflectors located
6 in. (150 mm) high. not more than 3 ft (900 mm) vertically down from the peak in
(4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in. accordance with Figure 1 0.2.6.1.3.1 (a) and Figure
(50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors of upright 1 0.2.6.1.3.1 (b).
sprinklers.
(5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level 1 L2.4.2 Deflector Orientation. Deflectors of sprinklers shall
at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers. be aligned parallel to ceilings or roofs.
1 L2.4 Deflector Position (Extended Coverage Upright and 1 L2.4.2.1 Roofs and ceilings having a pitch not exceeding 2
Pendent Spray Sprinklers) . in 12 (16.7 percent) are considered horizontal in the applica­
1 L2.4.1 Distance Below Ceilings.
tion of 11.2.4.2, and sprinklers shall be permitted to be instal­
led with deflectors horizontal.
1 L2.4. L 1 Unobstructed Construction.
1 L2.5 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Extended Cover­
1 L2.4. L L 1 Under unobstructed construction, the distance age Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers).
between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be a mini­ 1 L2.5.1 Performance Objective.
mum of 1 in. (25 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm)
throughout the area of coverage of the sprinkler. 1 L2.5. L 1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mm1m1ze
1 L2.4. L L2 The requirements of 11.2.4.1.1.1 shall not apply
obstructions to discharge as defined in 11.2.5.2 and 11.2.5.3, or
where ceiling-type sprinklers (concealed, recessed, and flush additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate
types) have the operating element above the ceiling and the coverage of the hazard.
deflector located nearer to the ceiling where installed in 1 L2.5.L2* Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with one of
accordance with their listing. the following arrangements:
1 L2.4. L L3 The requirements of 11.2.4.1.1.1 shall not apply ( l ) Sprinklers shall be in accordance with 9.5.5.2, Table
where sprinklers are listed for use under other ceiling construc­ 11.2.5.1.2(a) or Table 11.2.5.1.2(b), and Figure
tion features or for different distances where they shall be 11.2.5.1.2(a).
permitted to be installed in accordance with their listing. (2) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite
1 L2.4. L L4 The requirements of 11.2.4.1.1.1 shall not apply
sides of obstructions not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width
for light and ordinary hazard occupancies with ceilings of provided the distance from the centerline of the obstruc­
noncombustible or limited-combustible construction. tion to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowa­
ble distance permitted between sprinklers.
(A) * Where a vertical change in ceiling elevation within the (3) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not
area of coverage of the sprinkler creates a distance of more over 30 in. (750 mm) in width shall be permitted to be
than 36 in. (900 mm) between the upper ceiling and the sprin­ protected in accordance with Figure 11.2.5.1.2 (b).
kler deflector, a vertical plane extending down from the ceiling

Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-96 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

(4) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not
over 24 in. (600 mm) in width shall be permitted to be
protected in accordance with Figure 11.2.5.1.2(c). The
maximum distance between the sprinkler and the wall
shall be measured from the sprinkler to the wall behind
the obstruction and not to the face of the obstruction.
(5) Obstructions up to 12 in. (300 mm) in width in hallways
ft
up to 6 (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted in accord­
ance with Figure 11.2.5.1.2(d) when the sprinkler is loca­
ted in the allowable obstruction zone and the closest edge
of the obstruction is a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) away Obstruction
from the centerline of the sprinkler.
1 1 . 2.5.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­
ment.
A
1 1 .2.5.2.1 General.

1 1 .2.5.2. 1 . 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less Elevation View

than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector FIGURE 1 1 .2.5. 1.2(a) Position of Sprinkler to Avoid
that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply Obstruction to Discharge (Extended Coverage Upright and
with 11.2.5.2. Pendent Spray Sprinklers) .
N Table 1 1 .2.5. 1 . 2 (a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions to Discharge (Extended Coverage Upright and

. I.
Pendent Sprinklers) Ceiling

Allowable Distance of
Distance from Sprinkler to Side Deflector Above Bottom of
of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B)(in.)
Less than 1 Y, 0 Obstruction
1Y, or more 1 or less
3 or more 3 or less
4 or more 5 or less 0 A
4Y, or more 7 or less
6 or more 9 or less
6Y, or more 11 or less
7 or more 14 or less
8 or more 15 or less A " ( 0 - 8 in.) + B
8Y, or more 17 or less Wall [A " ( 0 - 200 mm) + B]
9 or more 19 or less where: 0" 30 in. (750 mm)
9Y, or more 21 or less
Note: For A and B. refer to Figure 1l.2.5.l.2(a).
Elevation View
N Table 1 1 . 2.5. 1 . 2 (b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions to Discharge (Extended Coverage Upright and FIGURE 1 1 .2.5. 1.2(b) Obstructions Against Walls (Extended
Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers).
Pendent Sprinklers)

Allowable Distance of 1 1 .2.5.2. 1.2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
Distance from Sprinkler to Side Deflector Above Bottom of continuous obstructions shall meet the applicable require­
of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm) ments of 11.2.5.1.2.
Less than 450 0 1 1 .2.5.2. 1 .3':' Unless the requirements of 11.2.5.2.1.4 through
450 or more 25 or less 11.2.5.2.1.8 are met, sprinklers shall be positioned away from
900 or more 75 or less obstructions a minimum distance of four times the maximum
1200 or more 125 or less dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and chords, pipe,
1400 or more 175 or less columns, and fixtures) in accordance with Figure
1800 or more 225 or less 11.2.5.2.1.3(a) and Figure 11.2.5.2.1.3(b).
2000 or more 275 or less (A) The maximum clear distance required to obstructions in
2100 or more 350 or less the horizontal orientation (e.g., light fixtures and truss chords)
2400 or more 375 or less shall be 36 in. (900 mm).
2600 or more 425 or less
2700 or more 475 or less (B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to
2900 or more 525 or less obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns).
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure ll.2.5.l.2(a).
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT, PENDENT, SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLER 13-97

!
Sprinkler
•
Obstruction
�.--__ IA
_L_:_
__

-+,11
j
.
No maximum
Plan View of Column
(Obstruction in vertical orientation)
A 2 4C or 40
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
� FIGURE 1 L2-5-2-L3(a) Minimum Distance from an
Obstruction in the Vertical Orientation (Extended Coverage
Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinkler)-

� FIGURE 1 L2.5.L2(c) Obstructions Against Walls (Extended

Open web steel
Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers) . or wood truss

1 L2-5-2-L4 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on

opposite sides of the obstruction where the distance from the
centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed
one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers. c
1 L2.5.2. L5 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be located one­
half the distance between the obstructions where the obstruc­
tion consists of wood bar joists 20 in. (500 mm) or greater
apart, provided that the top and bottom chords of the wood
bar joist are not greater than 4 in. (100 mm) (nominal) in Elevation View of Truss
width and bar members do not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in width. (Obstruction in horizontal orientation)
1 L2.5.2. L6 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed on A "' 4 C or 40
the centerline of a truss or bar joist or directly above a beam, A " 36 in. (900 mm)
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
provided that the truss chord or beam, dimension is not more
than 8 in. (200 mm) and the sprinkler deflector is located at FIGURE 1 L2.5.2.L3(b) Minimum Distance from an
least 6 in. (150 mm) above the structural member and where Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (Extended Coverage
the sprinkler is positioned at a distance four times greater than Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinkler).
the maximum dimension of the web members away from the
web members.

---+j r---Allowable obstruction zone

����
1
I
I
I I

�
Obstruction

___U
Up to 6 ft (1.8 m)

j 1
Pendent spnnkler
I
1 2 in.
(300 mm)
e 1
m1n1mum
Hallway I I

N FIGURE 1 L2.5.L2(d) Obstruction in Hallway

Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-98 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

1 L2.5.2.L7 The requirements of 11.2.5.2.1.3 shall not apply

to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter. -
Ceiling or roof
1 L2.5.2.L8 The requirements of 11.2.5.2.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinklers positioned with respect to obstructions in accord­
ance with 11.2.5.1.2.
A
1 L2.5.2.L9* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
out regard to the blades of ceiling fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m)
in diameter, provided the plan view of the fan is at least
50 percent open.
1 L2.5.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions.
The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding
partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions in light
hazard occupancies shall be in accordance with Table
11.2.5.2.2 (a)or Table 11.2.5.2.2 (b) and Figure 11.2.5.2.2. Floor
Elevation View
N Table 1 L2.5.2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions
in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Extended Coverage FIGURE 1 1 .2.5.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted
Upright and Pendent Sprinklers) Obstruction (Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray
Sprinklers) in Light Hazard Occupancy Only.
Minimum Vertical Distance Below
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.) Deflector (B) (in.)
6 or less 3 or more
9 or less 4 or more Center of sprinkler
I
i
12 or less 6 or more
I
15 or less 8 or more I- More than �
18 or less 9!/., or more
i 6 in. ( 1 50 mm) i Underside of ceiling or deck
! !
24 or less 1 2 !1., or more
30 or less 1 5 Y, or more
More than 30 18 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .2.5.2.2. i
I
�
i l
---------------- -----
N Table 1 L2.5.2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions
in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Extended Coverage
Upright and Pendent Sprinklers) ;:: 1 8 in.
(450 mm)

Horizontal Distance (A) (mm)

Minimum Vertical Distance Below
Deflector (B) (mm)
__ t ____ lf center of partition is more than
6 in. ( 1 50 mm) from center of sprinkler,
150 or less 75 or more top partition must be at least 1 8 in. (450 mm)
below deflector
225 or less 100 or more
300 or less 150 or more
375 or less 200 or more
450 or less 240 or more
600 or less 3 1 5 or more
750 or less 390 or more Center of partition
More than 750 450 or more that is 12 in. (300 mm)
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .2.5.2.2.
or less in width

1 L2.5.2.2.1 In light hazard occupancies, privacy curtains, as

shown in Figure 11.2.5.2.2, shall not be considered obstruc­
tions where all of the following are met: N FIGURE 1 1 .2.5.2.2.2 Location of Suspended or Floor­
(1) The curtains are supported by fabric mesh on ceiling Mounted Obstruction in Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
track. (Sprinkler Located to the Side) (ECU/ECP).
(2) Openings in the mesh are equal to 70 percent or greater.
(3) The mesh extends a minimum of 22 in. (550 mm) down
from ceiling.
N 1 L2.5.2.2.2 In ordinary hazard occupancies, where sprinklers
are installed above freestanding partitions, room dividers, and
similar obstructions, the distance from the sprinkler deflector
to the top of the obstruction shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or
greater per Figure 11.2.5.2.2.2.
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT, PENDENT, SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLER 13-99

N 1 L2-5-2-2-3 In ordinary hazard occupancies, where sprinklers 1 L2.6 Clearance to Storage (Extended Coverage Upright and
are installed within 6 in. (150 mm) horizontally of the center­ Pendent Spray Sprinklers) .
line of freestanding partitions, room dividers, and similar 1 1 .2.6.1 * The clearance between the deflector and top of stor­
obstructions no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) in width, the age shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater.
distance from the sprinkler deflector to the top of the obstruc­
tion shall be permitted to be installed 6 in. (150 mm) or 1 L2.6.2 The 18 in. (450 mm) dimension shall not limit the
greater vertically per Figure 11.2.5.2.2.3. height of shelving on a wall or shelving against a wall in accord­
1 L2-5-3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
ance with 11.2.6.
Reaching Hazard. 1 L2.6.2.1 Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not
1 L2.5.3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that
directly below sprinklers, the shelves, including storage
interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than thereon, shall be permitted to extend above the level of a plane
18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to located 18 in. (450 mm) below ceiling sprinkler deflectors.
limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall 1 L2.6.2.2 Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below
comply with 11.2.5.3. the sprinklers shall not extend above a plane located 18 in.
1 L2.5.3.2* Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
(450 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors.
tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. N 1 L2.6.3 The clearance from the top of storage to sprinkler
1 L2.5.3.3 Sprinklers shall not be required under obstructions deflectors shall not be less than 36 in. (900 mm) where rubber
that are not fixed in place such as conference tables. tires are stored.
1 L2.5.3.4 Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be of N 1 L2.6.4 Where other standards specify greater clearance to
the intermediate level/rack storage type or otherwise shielded storage minimums, they shall be followed.
from the discharge of overhead sprinklers. 1 L2. 7 Ceiling Pockets (Extended Coverage Upright and Pend­
ent Spay Sprinklers) .
1 L2.5.3.5 Sprinklers installed under round ducts shall be of
the intermediate level/rack storage type or otherwise shielded 1 L2.7.1 * Except as allowed in 11.2.7.2 and 11.2.7.3, sprinklers
•
from the discharge of overhead sprinklers. shall be required in all ceiling pockets.
1 L2.7.2 Sprinklers shall not be required in ceiling pockets
where all of the following are met:
(1) The total volume of the unprotected ceiling pocket does
not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
Center of sprinkler
I
(2) The depth of the unprotected ceiling pocket does not
i �
exceed 36 in. (900 mm).
I
6 in. ( 1 50 mm) --JooE---".;. ..- - 6 in. ( 1 50 mm) (3) The entire floor under the unprotected ceiling pocket is
I
protected by sprinklers at the lower ceiling elevation.
I (4) * The total size of all unprotected ceiling pockets in the
i same compartment within 10 ft (3 m) of each other does
not exceed 1000 ft3 (28 m3).
� I t-- Maximum allowable (5) The unprotected ceiling pocket has noncombustible or
Und erside of ceili ng or dec�_ 3_____-r
'\17 _____L�:��==-���
9.5.4 .1 limited-combustible finishes.
(6) Quick-response sprinklers are utilized throughout the
2:6 1n.
( 1 50 mm) -------
compartment.
1 L2.7.3 Sprinklers shall not be required in skylights and simi­
lar pockets in accordance with 9.3.16.
If center of partition is 6 in. ( 1 50 mm)
or less from center of sprinkler, top 1 1 .3 * Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers.
partition can be 6 in. ( 1 50 mm)
below deflector 1 L3.1 General. All requirements of Section 9.5 shall apply to
extended coverage sidewall spray sprinklers except as modified
in Section 11.3.
1 L3.2 Extended coverage sidewall spray sprinklers shall only
be installed as follows:
Center of partition (1) Light hazard occupancies with smooth, horizontal or
that is 12 in. (300 mm) sloped, flat ceilings
or less in width (2) Ordinary hazard occupancies with smooth, flat ceilings
where specifically listed for such use
(3) In unobstructed construction consisting of flat, smooth
ceilings with a slope not exceeding a pitch of 1 in 6 (a rise
of 2 units in a run of 12 units, a roof slope of
N FIGURE 1 L2.5.2.2.3 Location of Suspended or Floor­
16.7 percent)
Mounted Obstruction in Ordinary Hazard Occupancies
( 4) In unobstructed or noncombustible obstructed construc­
(Sprinkler Located Directly Above) (ECU/ECP) .
tion, where specifically listed for such use
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 13-100 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

(5) Within trusses or bar joists having web members not extended coverage spray sprinklers shall be permitted and the
greater than 1 in. (25 mm) maximum dimension or protection area and maximum sprinkler spacing for light
where trusses are spaced greater than 7\-2 ft (2.3 m) on hazard as specified in Table 11.3.3.2.1 shall be permitted.
center and where the ceiling slope does not exceed a 1 1 .3.4.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from
pitch of 1 in 6 (a rise of 2 units in a run of 12 units, a roof sprinklers to the end walls shall not exceed one-half of the
slope o£ 16.7 percent) allowable distance permitted between sprinklers as indicated in
(6) Extended coverage sidewall sprinklers installed in accord­ Table 11.3.3.2.1.
ance with 11.3.6.2.2 in slopes exceeding a ceiling pitch of
2 in 12 1 1 .3.4.3 Minimum Distance from Walls.
(7) In each bay of obstructed construction consisting of solid Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in.
structural members that extend below the deflector of 1 1 .3.4.3.1
(100 mm) from an end wall.
the sprinkler
(8) Extended coverage sprinklers installed to protect areas 1 1 .3.4.3.2 The distance from the wall to the sprinkler shall be
below a single overhead door(s) measured perpendicular to the wall.
1 1 .3.3 Protection Areas per Sprinkler (Extended Coverage
1 1 .3.4.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers
Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) . shall be not located within the maximum protection area of
1 1 .3.3.1 ':' Determination of Protection Area of Coverage. any other sprinkler unless required by 11.3.5.1.4.1 or separated
1 1 .3.3. 1 . 1The protection area of coverage per sprinkler (A,) by baffles that comply with the following:
for extended coverage sidewall sprinklers shall be not less than ( 1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
that prescribed by the listing. elements.
(2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
1 1 .3.3. 1 .2 Listing dimensions shall be in 2 ft (600 mm) incre­ place before and during sprinkler operation.
ments up to 28 ft (8.5 m). (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
1 1 .3.3.2 Maximum Protection Area of Coverage.
6 in. (150 mm) high.
(4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
1 1 .3.3.2.1 The maximum allowable protection area of cover­ (50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors.
age for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
indicated in Table 11.3.3.2.1. at least even with the deflectors.
1 1 .3.3.2.2 In any case, the maximum area of coverage of a 1 1 .3.5 Deflector Position from Ceilings and Walls (Extended
Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .
sprinkler shall not exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
1 1 .3.5.1 Distance Below Ceilings and from Walls t o Which
1 1 .3.4 Sprinkler Spacing (Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray
Sprinklers Are Mounted.
Sprinklers) .
1 1 .3.5. 1 . 1 Ceilings.
1 1 .3.4.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers.
1 1 .3.5. 1 . 1 . 1 Unless the requirements of 11.3.5.1.1.2 are met,
1 1 .3.4. 1 . 1The maximum distance permitted between sprin­ sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be located not more than
klers shall be based on the centerline distance between sprin­ 6 in. (150 mm) nor less than 4 in. (100 mm) from ceilings.
klers on the branch line along the wall.
1 1 .3.5 . 1 . 1 .2 Horizontal sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted
1 1 .3.4. 1 .2 Where sprinklers are installed along the length of a
single wall of rooms or bays, they shall be spaced in accordance to be located in a zone 6 in. to 12 in. (150 mm to 300 mm) or
with the maximum spacing provisions of Table 11.3.3.2.1. 12 in. to 18 in. (300 mm to 450 mm) below noncombustible or
limited-combustible ceilings where listed for such use.
1 1 .3.4. 1 .3 Sidewall sprinklers shall not be installed back-to­
1 1 .3.5. 1.2 Walls.
hack without being separated by a continuous lintel, soffit, or
baffle. 1 1 .3.5.1 .2.1 * Sidewall sprinkler deflectors shall be located not
1 1 .3.4.1.4 Sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be instal­
more than 6 in. (150 mm) or less than 4 in. (100 mm) from
led on opposing or adjacent walls, provided no sprinkler is walls on which they are mounted.
located within 12 ft (3.7 m) of the opposing sprinkler. 1 1 .3.5.1 .2.2 Horizontal sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted
N 1 1 .3.4. 1.5 Where sidewall extended spray sprinklers are instal­
to be located with their deflectors less than 4 in. (100 mm)
led to protect areas below overhead doors within ordinary from the wall on which they are mounted.
hazard occupancy spaces or rooms, listed light hazard sidewall
Table 1 1 .3.3.2. 1 Protection Area and Maximum Spacing for Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray
Sprinklers

Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard

Protection Area Spacing Protection Area Spacing
Construction Type ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m
Unobstructed, smooth, flat 400 37 28 8.5 400 37 24 7.3
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT, PENDENT, SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLER 13-101

1 1 .3.5.1.3 Lintels and Soffits. N Table 1 1 .3.6. 1 .3 (a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions to Discharge (Extended Coverage Sidewall)
1 1 .3.5 . 1 .3.P Where soffits used for the installation of sidewall
sprinklers are less than or equal to 8 in. (200 mm) in width or
projection from the wall, additional sprinklers shall not be Allowable Distance of
required below the soffit. Distance from Sprinkler to
Side of Obstruction (A) (ft)
Deflector Above Bottom of
Obstruction (B) (in.)
1 1 .3.5. 1 .3.2* A sidewall sprinkler shall be permitted to be
installed under a soffit when both the minimum distance from Less than 8 0
the sprinkler deflector to the bottom of the soffit and the maxi­ 8 or more 1 or less
mum distance from the sprinkler deflector to the high ceiling 10 or more 2 or less
are maintained. 11 or more 3 or less
1 1 .3.5. 1 .4* Soffits and Cabinets in Residential Areas/Occu­
12 or more 4 or less
pancies. Where soffits are used for the installation of sidewall
13 or more 6 or less
sprinklers, the sprinklers and soffits shall be installed in accord­ 14 or more 7 or less
ance with 11.3.5.1.4.1, 11.3.5.1.4.2, or 11.3.5.1.4.3. 15 or more 9 or less
16 or more 11 or less
1 1 .3.5 . 1 .4.1 Where soffits exceed more than 8 in. (200 mm) in 17 or more 14 or less
width or projection from the wall, pendent sprinklers shall be Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .3.6.1 .3.
installed under the soffit.
1 1 .3.5. 1 .4.2 Sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be instal­ N Table 1 1 .3.6. 1.3(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
led in the face of a soffit located directly over cabinets, without Obstructions to Discharge (Extended Coverage Sidewall)
requiring additional sprinklers below the soffit or cabinets,
where the soffit does not project horizontally more than 12 in. Allowable Distance of
(300 mm) from the wall. Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
1 1 .3.5. 1 .4.3 Where sidewall sprinklers are more than 3 ft Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)
(900 mm) above the top of cabinets, the sprinkler shall be Less than 2400 0
permitted to be installed on the wall above the cabinets where 2400 or more 25 or less
the cabinets are no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall. 3000 or more 50 or less
1 1 .3.5.2 Deflector Orientation. 3400 or more 75 or less
1 1 .3.5.2.1 Sidewall sprinklers, where installed under a sloped 3700 or more 100 or less
ceiling with a slope exceeding 2 in 12, shall be located at the 4000 or more 150 or less
high point of the slope and positioned to discharge downward 4300 or more 175 or less
along the slope. 4600 or more 225 or less
1 1 .3.5.2.2 Sidewall sprinklers specifically listed for other ceil­
4900 or more 275 or less
5200 or more 350 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .3.6.1 .3.
ing configurations shall be permitted to be installed in accord­
ance with the listing requirements.
1 1 .3.6 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Extended Cover­
age Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .

1 1 .3.6.1 Performance Objective.

1 1 .3.6. 1 . 1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mmtmtze

obstructions to discharge as defined in 9.5.5.2 and 9.5.5.3, or
additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate
coverage of the hazard.
1 1 .3.6.1.2 Sidewall sprinklers shall not be installed less than
8 ft (2.4 m) from light fixtures or similar obstructions unless
the requirements of 11.3.6.1.2.1 or 11.3.6.1.2.2 are met.
1 1 .3.6.1.2.1 For obstructions such as light fixtures, where the
greatest dimension of the obstruction is less than 2 ft (0.6 m),
sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed at a mini­
mum distance of four times the greatest dimension.
1 1 .3.6. 1 .2.2 For obstructions located 4 in. or greater above the
plane of the sprinkler deflector the sprinkler shall be permit­ Elevation View
ted to be located less than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the obstruction.
� FIGURE 1 1 .3.6. 1 .3 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid
1 1 .3.6. 1.3 The distance between light fixtures or similar
Obstruction (Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers).
obstructions located 8 ft (2.4 m) or greater from the sprinkler
shall be in conformance with Table 11.3.6.1.3(a)or Table
11.3.6.1.3(b) and Figure 11.3.6.1.3.
Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-102 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

1 L3-6-L4 Continuous obstructions projecting from the same 1 L3.6.L5 Isolated Obstructions. Isolated obstructions projec­
wall as the one on which the sidewall sprinkler is mounted shall ting from the same wall as the one on which the extended
be in accordance with one of the following arrangements: coverage sidewall sprinkler is mounted shall be located a mini­
( l ) Sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Table
mum of6 in. (150 mm) from the sidewall sprinkler.
11.3.6.1.4(a)or Table 11.3.6.1.4(b) and Figure 1 L3.6.L6 Obstructions on the wall opposite from the sidewall
11.3.6.1.4(a). sprinkler shall be permitted in accordance with Figure
(2) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite 11.3.6.1.6.
sides of obstructions less than 4 ft (1.2 m) in width where
the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the 1 L3.6.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­
sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable ment.
distance between sprinklers.
(3) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not
over 30 in. (750 mm) in width shall be permitted to be 1 L3.6.2. L 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less
protected in accordance with Figure 11.3.6.1.4(b). than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector
(4) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply
over 24 in. (600 mm) in width shall be permitted to be with this section.
protected in accordance with Figure 11.3.6.1.4(c). The 1 L3.6.2.L2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
maximum distance between the sprinkler and the wall continuous obstructions shall meet the requirements of
shall be measured from the sprinkler to the wall behind 11.3.6.1.2 and 11.3.6.1.3.
the obstruction and not to the face of the obstruction.
(5) Obstructions with a maximum width of 12 in. (300 mm)
in hallways up to 6 ft (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted
in accordance with Figure 11.3.6.1.4(d) when the sprin­
kler is located in the allowable obstruction zone and the Ceiling
closest edge of the obstruction is a minimum of 12 in. •
(300 mm) away from the deflector. Sidewall
sprinkler
on wall
N Table 1 1 .3.6. L4(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid Obstruction
Obstructions Along Wall (Extended Coverage Sidewall)

Allowable Distance of A
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B)
(in.) Elevation View
Less than 1 \;2 0 FIGURE 1 L3.6. L4(a) Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid
1\;2 or more 1 or less Obstruction Along Wall (Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray
3 ft or more 3 or less Sprinklers).
4 ft or more 5 or less

_1
4\;2 or more 7 or less
6 ft or more 9 or less
6\;2 or more 11 or less Ceiling
7 or more 14 or less -
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure l l .3.6. 1 .4(a) . ----.-
- - -
Sidewall
8 sprinkler
on wall
N Table 1 1 .3.6. L4(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstruction
Obstructions Along Wall (Extended Coverage Sidewall)
0 A
Allowable Distance of
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B)
(mm)

Less than 450 0 A � (0 - 8 in.) + 8

450 or more 25 or less Wall [A � ( 0 - 200 mm) + 8 ]
900 or more 75 or less where: 0 s 3 0 i n . (750 mm)
1200 or more 125 or less
1400 or more 175 or less
1800 or more 225 or less Elevation View
2000 or more 275 or less
2100 or more 350 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure l l .3.6. 1 .4(a) .
� FIGURE 1 L3.6. L4(b) Obstruction Against Wall (Extended
Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDED COVERAGE UPRIGHT, PENDENT, SIDEWALL SPRAY SPRINKLER 13-103

•s· --11 12
f-�
'12 8
It (600mm)

T
Ceiling or roof
1dewall (600 mm)
sprinkler
on wall

No maximum

j_ N FIGURE 1 1 .3.6. 1 .6 Permitted Obstruction on Wall Opposite

EC Sidewall Sprinkler.

No additional
n
[
protection is
required
Wall

FIGURE 1 1 .3.6.1 .4(c) Obstruction Against Wall (Extended

Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers). Obstruction
A
1 1 .3.6.2. 1 .3* Unless the requirements of 11.3.6.2.1.4 and
11.3.6.2.1.5 are met, sprinklers shall be positioned away from
obstructions a minimum distance of four times the maximum
dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and chords, pipe, Plan View of Column
columns, and fixtures) in accordance with Figure (Obstruction in vertical orientation)
11.3.6.2.1.3(a) and Figure 11.3.6.2.1.3(b). A " 4C or 4D
(A) The maximum clear distance required to obstructions in (Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
the horizontal orientation (e.g., light fixtures and truss chords) FIGURE 1 1 .3.6.2. 1.3(a) Minimum Distance from an
shall be 36 in. (900 mm). Obstruction in the Vertical Orientation (Extended Coverage
(B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to Sidewall).
obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns).
1 1 .3.6.2. 1 .4 The requirements of 11.3.6.2.1.3 and 11.3.6.2.1.4 in diameter, provided the plan view of the fan is at least
shall not apply where sprinklers are positioned with respect to 50 percent open.
obstructions in accordance with 11.3.6.1.2 and 11.3.6.1.3. 1 1 .3.6.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstructions.
1 1 .3.6.2. 1 .5 The requirements of 11.3.6.2.1.3 shall not apply The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding
to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter. partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions in light
1 1 .3.6.2. 1 .6':' Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
hazard occupancies shall be in accordance with Table
out regard to the blades of ceiling fans less than 60 in. (1.5 m) 11.3.6.2.2(a) or Table 11.3.6.2.2(b) and Figure 11.3.6.2.2.

r---Allowable obstruction zone

�i�
----.j

II
1 I
I

12 �
Obstruction

__U
Up to 6 It (1.8 m)

j 1 I
in. Pendent spnnkler
(300 mm)
I e
I1
m1mmum
Hallway

N FIGURE 1 1 .3.6. 1 .4(d) Obstruction in Hallway (Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers).
Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-104 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

1
Ceiling Ceiling

1+----
-- A --�
-- ,1
Obstruction
;-cJo o o Obstruction

I· 0
·I
Elevation View of Pipe Conduit or Light Fixture
(Obstruction in horizontal orientation)
A "' 4 C or 40
A s 36 in. (900 mm)
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
Elevation View

F1GURE 1 L3.6.2.L3(b) Minimum Distance from an F1GURE 1 L3.6.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted

Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (Extended Coverage Obstruction (Extended Coverage Sidewall Sprinklers) in Light
Sidewall). Hazard Occupancy Only.

1 L3.6.2.2. 1 * In light hazard occupancies, privacy curtains, as

N Table 1 1 .3.6.2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions shown in Figure 11.3.6.2.2, shall not be considered obstruc­
in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Extended Coverage tions where all of the following are met:
Sidewall Sprinklers) ( 1) The curtains are supported by fabric mesh on ceiling
track.
Minimum Vertical Distance (2) Openings in the mesh are equal to 70 percent or greater.
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.) Below Deflector (B)
(in.) (3) The mesh extends a minimum of 22 in. (550 mm) down
6 or less 3 or more from ceiling.
9 or less 4 or more 1 L3.6.3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
12 or less 6 or more Reaching Hazard.
15 or less 8 or more 1 L3.6.3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that
18 or less 9!;2 or more interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than
24 or less 12!;2 or more 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to
30 or less 15!;2 or more limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall
More than 30 18 or more comply with this section.
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .3.6.2.2.
1 L3.6.3.2* Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.
N Table 1 1 .3.6.2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions 1 L3.6.3.3 Sprinklers shall not be required under obstructions
in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Extended Coverage
that are not fixed in place, such as conference tables.
Sidewall Sprinklers) 1 L3. 7 Clearance to Storage (Extended Coverage Sidewall
Spray Sprinklers). The clearance between the deflector and
Minimum Vertical Distance the top of storage shall be 18 in. (450 mm) or greater.
Horizontal Distance (A) (mm) Below Deflector (B)
(mm)
N 1 L3.7.1 The 18 in. (450 mm) dimension shall not limit the
150 or less 75 or more height of shelving on a wall in accordance with 11.3.7.1.1.
225 or less 100 or more N 1 L3.7 . L 1 Where shelving is installed on a wall and is not
300 or less 150 or more directly below the sprinklers, the shelves, including storage
375 or less 200 or more thereon, shall be permitted to extend above the level of a plane
450 or less 240 or more located 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflectors.
600 or less 315 or more N 1 L3.7.L2 Shelving, and any storage thereon, directly below
750 or less 390 or more the sprinklers shall not extend above a plane located 18 in.
More than 750 450 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 1 .3.6.2.2.
(450 mm) below the ceiling sprinkler deflectors.
N 1 L3. 7.2 Where other standards specify greater clearance to
storage minimums, they shall be followed.
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13-105

Chapter 12 Installation Requirements for Residential N 1 2 . 1 .4.1 Residential sprinklers shall be permitted to be instal­
Sprinklers led in corridors of residential occupancies that are adjacent to
areas protected by quick-response sprinklers.
12.1 General. Residential sprinklers shall be selected for use
and installation as indicated in this Chapter and shall be posi­ 1 2. 1 .5 Reserved.
tioned and spaced in accordance with Section 9.5. 1 2 . 1 .6* Listings.
1 2 . 1 . 1 * Residential sprinklers shall be permitted in dwelling 1 2. 1 .6.1 Areas of coverage shall be in accordance with the
units and their adjoining corridors. provided they are installed •
manufacturer's listing.
in conformance with their listing and when installed under the
following conditions: 1 2. 1 .7 Distances Between Sprinklers.

(1) A flat, smooth, horizontal ceiling with no beams up to a 1 2. 1 .7.1 Maximum distances between sprinklers shall be in
maximum of24 ft (7.3 m) above the floor. accordance with the manufacturer's listing.
(2) A flat, horizontal, beamed ceiling, with a maximum ceil­ 1 2 . 1 .7.2 The distance between the sprinkler and the wall shall
ing height of 24 ft (7.3 m), with beams up to 14 in. not exceed half the maximum allowable distance between
(355 mm) deep with pendent sprinklers under the sprinklers per the manufacturer's listing.
beams. The compartment containing the beamed ceiling
shall be a maximum of 600 ft2 (56 m2) in area. The high­ 1 2 . 1 .7.3 The minimum distance between sprinklers within a
est sprinkler in the compartment shall be above all open­ compartment shall be 8 ft (2.4 m), unless the listing of the
ings from the compartment into any communicating sprinkler requires a greater distance, unless required by
spaces. 12.1.11.1.5.1, or unless separated by baffles that comply with
(3) A smooth, flat, sloped ceiling with no beams up to a maxi­ the following:
mum slope of 8 in 12. The highest portion of the ceiling (1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
shall not be more than 24 ft (7.3 m) above the floor. The elements.
highest sprinkler in the sloped portion of the ceiling shall (2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
be above all openings from the compartment containing place before and during sprinkler operation.
the sloped ceiling into any communicating spaces. (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
(4) A sloped ceiling with beams up to 14 in. (350 mm) deep 6 in. (150 mm) high.
with pendent sprinklers under the beams. The compart­ ( 4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
ment containing the sloped, beamed ceiling shall be a (50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors of upright
maximum of 600 ft2 (56 m2) in area. The slope of the ceil­ sprinklers.
ing shall be between 2 in 12 and 8 in 12. The highest (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
portion of the ceiling shall not be more than 24 ft (7.3 m) at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers.
above the floor. The highest sprinkler in the sloped
portion of the ceiling shall be above all openings from 1 2 . 1 .7.4 Residential sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to
the compartment containing the sloped ceiling into any be installed on opposing or adjacent walls, provided no sprin­
communicating spaces. kler is located within the maximum protection area of another
(5) A sloped ceiling with beams of any depth with sidewall or sprinkler or unless separated by baffles that comply with the
pendent sprinklers in each pocket formed by the beams. following:
The compartment containing the sloped, beamed ceiling (1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
shall be a maximum of 600 ft2 (56 m2) in area. The slope elements.
of the ceiling shall be between 2 in 12 and 8 in 12. The (2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
highest portion of the ceiling shall not be more than 24 ft place before and during sprinkler operation.
(7.3 m) above the floor. (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
12.1.2 Where construction features or other special condi­ 6 in. (150 mm) high.
tions exist that are outside the scope of sprinkler listings, listed ( 4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed beyond their listing (50 mm and 75 mm) above the deflectors.
limitations when acceptable to the authority having jurisdic­ (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
tion. at least even with the deflectors.
12.1.3 Residential sprinklers shall be used only in wet systems 1 2 . 1 .7.5 The maximum distance shall be measured along the
unless specifically listed for use in dry systems or preaction slope of the ceiling as shown in Figure 12.1.7.5(a) and Figure
systems. 12.1.7.5(b), and the maximum vertical distance from the peak
1 2 . 1 .4 Where residential sprinklers are installed in a compart­
shall be no more than 3 ft (900 mm).
ment as defined in 3.3.40, all sprinklers within the compart­
ment shall be residential sprinklers.

Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-106 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

(2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid material that will stay in
place before and during sprinkler operation.
(3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
6 in. (150 mm) high.
(4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. (50 mm)
and 3 in. (75 mm) above the deflectors of upright sprin­
klers.
(5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers.
12.1.8 Deflector Position from Ceilings and Walls.

12.1 .8.1 Pendent and upright sprinklers shall be positioned so

L
that the deflectors are 1 in. to 4 in. (25 mm to 100 mm) from
Peak line the ceiling unless the listing allows a greater distance.
-v- -o- -v 12.1.8. 1 . 1 Pendent and upright sprinklers installed under
L
beamed or beamed and sloped ceilings shall be permitted to be
installed where all of the following apply:
(1) Maximum beam depth of 14 in. (350 mm)
(2) Maximum ceiling height of 24 ft (7.3 m)
kl----- Measured on slope -----�1 (3) Maximum ceiling slope of 8 in 12
(4) Maximum compartment size of 600 ft2 (56 m2)
1 2 . 1 .8.1.2 Pendent-type residential sprinklers located under
FIGURE 1 2. 1.7.5(a) Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers
with Sloped Ceilings - Arrangement A.
or adjacent to beams shall be installed in accordance with one
of the following:
(1) Pendent, recessed pendent, concealed, and flush-type
pendent sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed
directly under a beam having a maximum depth of 14 in.
(350 mm) with the sprinkler deflector 1 in. to 2 in.
(25 mm to 50 mm) below the beam, or in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions for recessed or flush
sprinklers if the deflector is less than 1 in. (25 mm) below
the beam, as shown in Figure 12.1.8.1.2(a).
(2) Pendent sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed adja­
cent to beams where the vertical centerline of the sprin­
kler is no greater than 2 in. (50 mm) from the edge of
the beam and with the sprinkler deflector 1 in. to 2 in.
(25 mm to 50 mm) below the beam, or in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions for flush sprinklers if
the deflector is less than 1 in. (25 mm) below the beam,
•
as shown in Figure 12.1.8.1.2(b) .
12.1.8.1.3 The highest sprinkler in the compartment shall be
above all openings from the compartment into any communi­
cated spaces.
12.1 .8.2 Sidewall sprinklers shall be positioned so that the
Measured on slope ------.j deflectors are within 4 in. to 6 in. (100 mm to 150 mm) from
the ceiling unless the listing allows greater distances.
12.1.8.3 Where soffits used for the installation of sidewall
FIGURE 1 2.1.7.5 (b) Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers sprinklers exceed 8 in. (200 mm) in width or projection from
with Sloped Ceilings - Arrangement B. the wall, additional sprinklers shall be installed below the soffit.
12.1.8.4 Residential horizontal sidewall sprinkler deflectors
Where sprinklers are installed along sloped ceilings, a
� 1 2 . 1 .7.6 shall be located no more than 6 in. (150 mm) from the wall on
sprinkler shall be installed within 3 ft (900 mm) of the peak which they are mounted unless listed for greater distances.
and the sprinklers shall maintain the minimum listed spacing, 12.1 .8.5 The distance from sprinklers to the end walls shall
but no less than 8 ft (2.4 m), measured in the plan view from not exceed one-half of the allowable distance permitted
one sprinkler to another as shown in Figure 12.1.7.6 unless between sprinklers as indicated in the sprinkler listing.
separated by baffles that comply with the following:
(1) Baffles shall be arranged to protect the actuating
elements.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13-107

t
36 in. (900 mm)
1 :l -

,,L,
maximum
t
mm)
max1mum

Mioimom ""''
------------- j
___________ __

Minimum listed spacing

but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m)
Elevation View 1 Elevation View 2 Elevation View 3

maximum

j
__________________________ __
V2S

Elevation View 4 Elevation View 5

� FIGURE 12.1. 7.6 Sprinkler Spacing with Sloped Ceilings.

12.1 .8.6 Minimum Distance from Walls.

Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in.

12.1 .8.6.1
(100 mm) from an end wall.
12.1.8.7 Deflector Orientation (Residential Upright and Pend­
ent Spray).

12.1.8.7.1 Unless the requirements of 12.1.8.7.2 or 12.1.8.7.3

L '-----d----{l;;;;;It---b---'
are met, deflectors of upright and pendent sprinklers shall be
aligned parallel to ceilings, roofs, or the incline of stairs.
2 in. (50 mm) maximum t
1 in. (25 mm) minimum

12.1.8.7.2 Where upright or pendent sprinklers are installed

at the peak below a sloped ceiling or roof surface, the sprinkler
shall be installed with the deflector horizontal. FIGURE 12.1 .8. 1 .2 (a) Position of Sprinkler Under Beam.
12.1 .8.7.3 Roofs and ceilings having a pitch not exceeding 2
in 12 (16.7 percent) are considered horizontal in the applica­
tion of 12.1.8.7, and upright and pendent sprinklers shall be
permitted to be installed with deflectors horizontal.
12.1.9 Residential sprinklers installed in conformance with
this standard shall follow the sprinkler obstruction rules of
12.1.10 or 12.1.11 as appropriate for their installation orienta­
tion (upright, pendent, or sidewall) and the obstruction crite­
ria specified in the manufacturer's installation instructions.
L L.::::=====-J-____i
12.1.10 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Residential
Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers) . 1 in. (25 mm) minimum
1 2 . 1 . 1 0 . 1 Performance Objective. 2 in. (50 mm) maximum
.------
12.1.10.1.1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mmtmtze 2 in. (50 mm)
obstructions to discharge as defined in 12.1.10.2 and 12.1.10.3, maximum
or additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate
coverage of the hazard. FIGURE 12.1 .8. 1 .2 (b) Position of Sprinkler Adjacent to
Beam.

Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-108 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

12. L l O.L2 Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with one of N Table 12. L l O. L2(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
the following arrangements: Obstructions to Discharge (Residential Upright and Pendent
(1) Sprinklers shall be in accordance with 9.5.5.2, Table Sprinklers)
12.1.10.1.2(a) or Table 12.1.10.1.2(b), and Figure
12.1.10.1.2(a). Allowable Distance of
(2) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
sides of obstructions not exceeding 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)
provided the distance from the centerline of the obstruc­ Less than 450 0
tion to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowa­ 450 or more 25 or less
ble distance permitted between sprinklers. 900 or more 75 or less
(3) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not 1200 or more 125 or less
over 30 in. (750 mm) in width shall be permitted to be 1400 or more 175 or less
protected in accordance with Figure 12.1.10.1.2(b). 1800 or more 225 or less
(4) Obstructions that are located against the wall and that are
not over 24 in. (600 mm) in width shall be permitted to 2000 or more 275 or less
be protected in accordance with Figure 12.1.10.1.2(c). 2100 or more 350 or less
The maximum distance between the sprinkler and the 2400 or more 375 or less
wall shall be measured from the sprinkler to the wall 2600 or more 425 or less
behind the obstruction and not to the face of the obstruc­ 2700 or more 475 or less
tion. Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 . 1 0 . 1 . 2 (a).
(5) Obstructions 12 in. (300 mm) in width in hallways up to
6 ft (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted in accordance
with Figure 12.1.10.1.2(d) when the sprinkler is located
in the allowable obstruction zone and the closest edge of
the obstruction is a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) away
from the centerline of the sprinkler.
12. L l 0.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Devel­
opment.

12. L l 0.2.1 General.

12. L l 0.2. L l Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less

than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector
that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply Obstruction
with 12.1.10.2.
12. L l0.2.L2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
continuous obstructions shall meet the applicable require­ A
ments o£12.1.10.1.2.
Elevation View

FIGURE 1 2 . L l O . L2 (a) Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid

N Table 12. L l O.L2(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid Obstruction to Discharge (Residential Upright and Pendent
Obstructions to Discharge (Residential Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers) .
Sprinklers)
1 2 . L l 0.2.L3* Unless the requirements of 12.1.10.2.1.4
Allowable Distance of through 12.1.10.2.1.8 are met, sprinklers shall be positioned
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of away from obstructions a minimum distance of four times the
Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.) maximum dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and
Less than 1� 0 chords, pipe, columns, and fixtures) in accordance with Figure
1� or more 1 or less 12.1.10.2.1.3(a) and Figure 12.1.10.2.1.3(b).
3 or more 3 or less (A) The maximum clear distance required to obstructions in
4 or more 5 or less the horizontal orientation (e.g., light fixture and truss chords)
4� or more 7 or less shall be 36 in. (900 mm).
6 or more 9 or less (B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to
6� or more 11 or less obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns).
7 or more 14 or less 1 2 . L l 0.2.L4 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on
8 or more 15 or less opposite sides of the obstruction where the distance from the
8� or more 17 or less centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed
9 or more 19 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 .1 0 . 1 . 2 (a) .
one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13-109

least 6 in. (150 mm) above the structural member and where
the sprinkler is positioned at a distance four times greater than
the maximum dimension of the web members away from the
web members.
1 2 . 1 . 10.2.1.7 The requirements of 12.1.10.2.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
Obstruction 1 2.1 .10.2. 1.8 The requirements of 12.1.10.2.1.3 shall not apply
to sprinklers positioned with respect to obstructions in accord­
0 A
ance with 12.1.10.1.2.
12.1 .10.2.1 .9* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
out regard to the blades of a ceiling fan, provided the plan view
of the fan is at least 50 percent open.
12.1 .10.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstruc­
A "' ( 0 - 8 in.) + B tions. The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, free­
Wall [A "' ( 0 - 200 mm) + B ] standing partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions
where: 0 s 3 0 in. (750 mm) shall be in accordance with Table 12.1.10.2.2(a)or Table
12.1.10.2.2(b) and Figure 12.1.10.2.2.
Elevation View � 1 2 . 1 . 1 0.2.3* Shadow Areas. Shadow areas created by walls
and partitions shall be permitted in the protection area of a
FIGURE 1 2 . 1 . 1 0 . 1 .2 (b) Obstructions Against Wall sprinkler as long as the cumulative areas do not exceed 15 ft2
(Residential Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers) . (1.4 m2) per sprinkler.
1 2 . 1 . 10.3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
V2 S Reaching Hazard.

����� 1 2 . 1 . 10.3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that

� interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than

18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to

��
� limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall
� comply with 12.1.1 0.3.
1 2 . 1 . 10.3.2 Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.

j
No maximum
� 1 2 . 1 . 1 0.3.3 Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be
shielded from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.
�
��
1 2. 1 . 1 1 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Residential Side­

���
wall Spray Sprinklers).

);.:,' mm)
Obstruction
1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 Performance Objective.
24 ;,
1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 . 1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mJmm1ze
obstructions to discharge as defined in 9.5.5.2 and 9.5.5.3, or
No additional additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate
� protection is coverage of the hazard.
�
required
Wall 1 2 . 1 . 1 1 . 1 .2 Sidewall sprinklers shall not be installed less than
8 ft (2.4 m) from light fixtures or similar obstructions unless
� FIGURE 12.1.10.1.2 (c) Obstructions Against Wall the requirements of 12.1.11.1.2.1 or 12.1.11.1.2.2 are met.
(Measurements for Residential Upright and Pendent Spray
1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .2.1 For obstructions such as light fixtures, where the
Sprinklers).
greatest dimension of the obstruction is less than 2 ft (0.6 m),
sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed at a mini­
12.1. 10.2.1.5 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be located one­ mum distance of four times the greatest dimension.
half the distance between the obstructions where the obstruc­ 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .2.2 For obstructions located at least 4 in. (100 mm)
tion consists of open trusses 20 in. (500 mm) or greater apart above the plane of the sprinkler deflector, the sprinkler shall
[24 in. (600 mm) on center], provided that all truss members be permitted to be located less than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the
are not greater than 4 in. (100 mm) (nominal) in width and obstruction.
web members do not exceed 1 in. (25 mm) in width.
1 2 . 1 . 1 1 . 1 .3 The distance between light fixtures or similar
12.1. 10.2.1.6 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed on
the centerline of a truss or bar joist or directly above a beam obstructions located 8 ft (2.4 m) or greater from the sprinkler
provided that the truss chord or beam dimension is not more shall be in conformance with Table 12.1.11.1.3(a)or Table
than 8 in. (200 mm) and the sprinkler deflector is located at 12.1.11.1.3(b)and Figure 12.1.11.1.3.

Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13- 1 1 0 INSTALlATION O F SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

�i�I
__, b=Allowable obstruction zone

1 I i

�
Obstruction

__U
Up to 6 ft ( 1.8 m)

1 I
1 2 in Pendent spnnkler
(300 mm)
I e
I1
m1mmum
Hallway

N FIGURE 1 2 . 1 . 1 0 . 1 .2 (d) Obstruction in Hallway.

12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4 Continuous obstructions projecting from the same

wall as the one on which the sidewall sprinkler is mounted shall
be in accordance with one of the following arrangements:

1+-1• 1
(1) Sprinklers shall be maccordance with Table Sprinkler
12.1.11.1.4(a)or Table 12.1.11.1.4 (b) and Figure •
12.1.11.1.4(a).
(2) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite
sides of obstructions less than 4 ft (1.2 m) in width where Obstruction - -�·
-'-'-
the distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the A

sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable

distance between sprinklers.
(3) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not
over 30 in. (750 mm) in width shall be permitted to be
protected in accordance with Figure 12.1.11.1.4 (b).
( 4) Obstructions located against the wall and that are not Plan View of Column
over 24 in. (600 mm) in width shall be permitted to be (Obstruction in vertical orientation)
protected in accordance with Figure 12.1.11.1.4(c). The A � 4C or 40
maximum distance between the sprinkler and the wall (Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
shall be measured from the sprinkler to the wall behind
the obstruction and not to the face of the obstruction. FIGURE 1 2 . 1 . 10.2. 1 .3 (a) Minimum Distance from an
(5) Obstructions 12 in. (300 mm) in width in hallways up to Obstruction in the Vertical Orientation (Residential Upright
6 ft (1.8 m) in width shall be permitted in accordance and Pendent Spray Sprinkler) .
with Figure 12.1.11.1.4(d) when the sprinkler is located
in the allowable obstruction zone and the closest edge of
the obstruction is a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) away 12. 1 . 1 1.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Devel­
from the deflector. opment.
12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .5* Soffits and Cabinets. Where soffits are used for 1 2 . 1 . 1 1.2.1 General.
the installation of sidewall sprinklers, the sprinklers and soffits 12.1 . 1 1 .2. 1 . 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less
shall be installed in accordance with 12.1.11.1.5.1, than or equal to 18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector
12.1.11.1.5.2, or 12.1.11.1.5.3. that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply
12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .5.1 Where soffits exceed more than 8 in. (200 mm) with this section.
in width or projection from the wall, pendent sprinklers shall 12.1. 1 1 .2.1.2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
be installed under the soffit. continuous obstructions shall meet the requirements of
12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .5.2 Sidewall sprinklers shall be permitted to be 12.1.11.1.2 and 12.1.11.1.3.
installed in the face of a soffit located directly over cabinets, 1 2 . 1 . 1 1.2.1.3* Unless the requirements of 12.1.11.2.1.4
without requiring additional sprinklers below the soffit or cabi­ through 12.1.11.2.1.7 are met, sprinklers shall be positioned
nets, where the soffit does not project horizontally more than away from obstructions a minimum distance of four times the
12 in. (300 mm) from the wall. maximum dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and
12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .5.3 Where sidewall sprinklers are more than 3 ft chords, pipe, columns, and fixtures).
(900 mm) above the top of cabinets, the sprinkler shall be (A) The maximum clear distance required from obstructions
permitted to be installed on the wall above the cabinets where in the horizontal orientation (e.g., light fixtures and truss
the cabinets are no greater than 12 in. (300 mm) from the wall. chords) shall be 36 in. (900 mm).
12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .6 Obstructions on the wall opposite from the side­
wall sprinkler shall be permitted in accordance with Figure (B) The maximum clear distance shall not be applied to
12.1.11.1.6. obstructions in the vertical orientation (e.g., columns).
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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13-1 1 1

- -
Ceiling Ceiling or roof

2 Open web steel

\
or wood truss A

Floor
Elevation View of Truss
(Obstruction in horizontal orientation) Elevation View

4 C or 40
A� FIGURE 1 2 . 1 . 10.2.2 Suspended or Floor-Mounted
in. (900 mm)
A ,; 36 Obstruction (Residential Upright and Pendent Spray
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater) Sprinklers).

FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 10.2. 1.3(b) Minimum Distance from an N Table 12.1 . 1 1 . 1 .3 (a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (Residential Upright Obstructions to Discharge (Residential Sidewall)
and Pendent Spray Sprinkler) .

Allowable Distance of
N Table 12. 1 . 1 0.2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Obstructions in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Residential Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.)
Upright and Pendent Sprinklers)
Less than 8 0
Minimum Vertical Distance
8 or more 1 or less
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.) Below Deflector (B) (in.)
10 or more 2 or less
11 or more 3 or less
6 or less 3 or more 12 or more 4 or less
9 or less 4 or more 13 or more 6 or less
12 or less 6 or more 14 or more 7 or less
15 or less 8 or more 15 or more 9 or less
18 or less 9!0 or more 16 or more 11 or less
24 or less 12!0 or more 17 or more 14 or less
30 or less 15!0 or more Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 . 1 1 .1 .3.
More than 30 18 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 . 1 0.2.2. N Table 12.1. 1 1 . 1.3(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions to Discharge (Residential Sidewall)
N Table 1 2 . 1 . 1 0.2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted
Obstructions in Light Hazard Occupancies Only (Residential Allowable Distance of
Upright and Pendent Sprinklers) Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction(B) (mm)
Minimum Vertical Distance
Horizontal Distance (A) (mm) Below Deflector (B) (mm)
Less than 2400 0
2400 or more 1 or less
150 or less 75 or more 3000 or more 50 or less
225 or less 100 or more 3400 or more 75 or less
300 or less 150 or more 3700 or more 100 or less
375 or less 200 or more 4000 or more 150 or less
450 or less 240 or more 4300 or more 175 or less
600 or less 315 or more 4600 or more 225 or less
750 or less 390 or more 4900 or more 275 or less
More than 750 450 or more 5200 or more 350 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 12. 1 . 10.2.2. Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 . 1 1 .1 .3.

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 13-1 1 2 INSTALlATION O F SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Ceiling
•
Sidewall
sprinkler
on wall
Obstruction

1-+--- A -------+1 Elevation View

FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4(a) Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid

Obstruction Along Wall (Residential Sidewall Sprinklers).

_1
Elevation View

� FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .3 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid Ceiling

Obstruction (Residential Sidewall Sprinklers) . ----.-
- - - -
Sidewall
8 sprinkler
on wall
N Table 12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions Along Wall (Residential Sidewall) Obstruction

Allowable Distance of 0 A
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.)

Less than 1 !0 0
1!0 or more 1 or less A � (0 - 8 in.) + 8
3 or more 3 or less Wall [A � ( 0 - 200 mm) + 8 ]
4 or more 5 or less where: 0 s 3 0 i n . (750 mm)
4!0 or more 7 or less
6 or more 9 or less
6!0 or more 11 or less Elevation View
7 or more 14 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2. l . l l . l .4(a) . � FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 .1 .4(b) Obstruction Against Wall
(Residential Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .

N Table 12. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid 12. 1 . 1 1 .2. 1 .4 Sidewall sprinklers shall be positioned in accord­
Obstructions Along Wall (Residential Sidewall) ance with Figure 12.1.11.2.1.4(a) and Figure 12.1.11.2.1.4(b)
when obstructions are present.
Allowable Distance of
12.1. 1 1 .2.1.5 The requirements of 12.1.11.2.1.3 and
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)
12.1.11.2.1.4 shall not apply where sprinklers are positioned
with respect to obstructions in accordance with 12.1.11.1.2 and
Less than 450 0 12.1.11.1.3.
450 or more 25 or less 12. 1 . 1 1 .2.1.6 The requirements of 12.1.11.2.1.3 shall not apply
900 or more 75 or less to sprinkler system piping less than 3 in. (80 mm) in diameter.
1200 or more 125 or less 12.1 . 1 1 .2.1 .7* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed with­
1400 or more 175 or less out regard to the blades of a ceiling fan, provided the plan view
1800 or more 225 or less of the fan is at least 50 percent open.
2000 or more 275 or less
2100 or more 350 or less 12.1 . 1 1 .2.2* Suspended or Floor-Mounted Vertical Obstruc­
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2. l . l l .4 (a) . tions. The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, free­
standing partitions, room dividers, and similar obstructions
shall be in accordance with Table 12.1.11.2.2(a) or Table
12.1.11.2.2(b), Figure 12.1.11.2.2(a), and Figure 12.1.11.2.2(b).

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13-113

•s· --11 12
f-�
'!2 S
It (600mm)

T
Ceiling or roof
1dewall (600 mm)
sprinkler
on wall

No maximum

j_ N FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .6 Permitted Obstruction on Wall

Opposite Residential Sidewall Sprinkler.

I
�
�

[>��
protection is

n �
required

[ ��
Sprinkler

FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4(c) Obstruction Against Wall

(Residential Sidewall Spray Sprinklers).

�
Obstruction
� 12. 1 . 1 1 .3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from
Reaching Hazard.
A
�
12. 1 . 1 1 .3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that
Wall
interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane more than
18 in. (450 mm) below the sprinkler deflector in a manner to Plan View of Column
limit the distribution from reaching the protected hazard shall (Obstruction in vertical orientation)
comply with this section. A ;;, 4C or 4D
(Use dimension C or D, whichever is greater)
12.1 . 1 1 .3.2* Sprinklers shall be installed under fixed obstruc­
tions over 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 .2.1.4(a) Minimum Distance from an
12. 1 . 1 1 .3.3 Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be Obstruction in the Vertical Orientation (Residential Sidewall
shielded from the discharge of overhead sprinklers. Sprinkler) .

12.1 . 1 1 .3.4 The deflector of automatic sprinklers installed

under fixed obstructions shall be positioned below the bottom
of the obstruction in accordance with their listed distance
below ceilings.
12. 1 . 1 1 .3.5 Sprinklers installed under round ducts shall be
shielded from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.

r---Allowable obstruction zone

�i�
----.j

1
I
I
I I

12 �
Obstruction

__U
Up to 6 It (1.8 m)

j 1
Pendent spnnkler
I
in.
(300 mm)
e 1
m1mmum
Hallway I I

N FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 . 1 .4(d) Obstruction in Hallway (Residential Sidewall Spray Sprinklers) .

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 13-114 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

1
Ceiling Ceiling

A
1+----
-- A --�
-- ,1
Obstruction

�0 0 0 Obstruction

I· D
·I

Elevation View of Pipe Conduit or Light Fixture

(Obstruction in horizontal orientation)
A " 4C or 40
A :S 36 in. (900 mm)
Elevation View
(Use dimension C or D, whichever is greater)
FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 .2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted
Obstruction (Residential Sidewall Sprinklers) .
FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 .2.1.4(b) Minimum Distance from an
Obstruction in the Horizontal Orientation (Residential
Sidewall Sprinkler). 12. 1 . 1 2 Ceiling Pockets.

Sprinklers shall be required in all ceiling pockets.

12. 1 . 1 2. 1
N Table 12. 1 . 1 1 .2.2(a) Suspended or Floor-Mounted
12. 1 . 1 2.2The requirement of 12.1.12.1 shall not apply where
Obstructions (Residential Sidewall Sprinklers) all of the following requirements are met:
Minimum Vertical Distance
(1) The total volume of the unprotected ceiling pocket does
Horizontal Distance (A) (in.) Below Deflector (B) (in.)
not exceed 100 ft3 (2.8 m3).
(2) The depth of the unprotected ceiling pocket does not
6 or less 3 or more exceed 12 in. (300 mm).
9 or less 4 or more (3) The entire floor area under the unprotected ceiling
12 or less 6 or more pocket is protected by listed residential sprinklers at the
15 or less 8 or more lower ceiling elevation.
18 or less 9� or more (4) The interior finish of the unprotected ceiling pocket is
24 or less 12� or more noncombustible or limited-combustible construction.
30 or less 15� or more
More than 30 18 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 2 . 1 . 1 1 .2.2 (a) .

N Table 12. 1 . 1 1 .2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted

Obstructions (Residential Sidewall Sprinklers)

Minimum Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance (A) (mm) Below Deflector (B) (mm)

150 or less 75 or more

225 or less 100 or more
300 or less 150 or more
375 or less 200 or more
450 or less 240 or more
600 or less 315 or more
750 or less 390 or more
More than 750 450 or more
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 12.1 . 1 1 .2.2(a).

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL SPRINKLERS 13- 1 1 5

� --------

A Partition
wall
Partition
wall I
Plan View Elevation View

FIGURE 1 2. 1 . 1 1 .2.2(b) Suspended or Floor-Mounted Obstructions (Residential Sprinklers) .

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13-116 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Chapter 13 Installation Requirements for CMSA Sprinklers Table 13.2.5.2.1 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing for
CMSA Sprinklers
13-1 GeneraL Control mode specific application (CMSA)
sprinklers shall be selected for use and installation as indicated Protection Area Maximum Spacing
in this chapter and shall be positioned and spaced in accord­
ance with Section 9.5. Construction Type ft2 m2 ft m

1 3.2 CMSA Sprinklers. Noncombustible 130 12 12 3.7

1 3.2.1 General. All requirements of Section 9.5 shall apply to
unobstructed
CMSA sprinklers except as modified in Section 13.2. Noncombustible 130 12 12 3.7
obstructed
1 3.2. 1 . 1 CMSA pendent sprinklers shall be installed in accord­ Combustible 130 12 12 3.7
ance with Section 9.5 and the manufacturer's installation unobstructed
instructions in lieu of the requirements in Section 13.2. Combustible 100 9 10 3.0
13.2.2 CMSA sprinklers shall be permitted to be used in wet,
obstructed
dry, or preaction systems and shall be installed in accordance Rack storage 100 9 10 3.0
with their listing. combustible
obstructed
13.2.3 Temperature Ratings. Rack storage 100 9 12 3.7
13.2.3.1 Unless the requirements of 13.2.3.2, 13.2.3.3, or unobstructed and
13.2.3.4 are met, sprinkler temperature ratings shall be the noncombustible
same as those indicated in Table 9.4.2.5(a) and Table 9.4.2.5(b) obstructed
or those used in large-scale fire testing to determine the protec­
tion requirements for the hazard involved. 13.2.6 Sprinkler Spacing (CMSA Sprinklers) .
13.2.3.2 Sprinklers of intermediate- and high-temperature 13.2.6.1 * Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers.
ratings shall be installed in specific locations as required by 13.2.6. 1 . 1 Under unobstructed and obstructed noncombusti­
9.4.2.
13.2.3.3 In storage occupancies, ordinary, intermediate, or
ble construction and unobstructed combustible construction,
high temperature-rated sprinklers shall be used for wet pipe the distance between sprinklers shall be limited to not more
systems. than 12 ft (3.7 m) between sprinklers, as shown in Table
13.2.5.2.1.
1 3.2.3.4 In storage occupancies, high temperature-rated 13.2.6.1.2 Under obstructed combustible construction, the
sprinklers shall be used for dry pipe systems. maximum distance shall be limited to 10 ft (3 m).
13.2.4 Occupancy and Hazard. 13.2.6.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from
1 3.2.4.1 Quick-response CMSA sprinklers designed to meet sprinklers to walls shall not exceed one-half of the allowable
any criteria in Chapter 12 through Chapter 20 shall be permit­ distance permitted between sprinklers as indicated in Table
ted to protect light and ordinary hazard occupancies. 13.2.5.2.1.
13.2.4.2 Standard-response CMSA sprinklers designed to meet 13.2.6.3 Minimum Distance from Walls. Sprinklers shall be
any criteria in Chapter 12 through Chapter 20 shall be permit­ located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall.
ted to protect ordinary hazard occupancies. 13.2.6.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers
13.2.5* Protection Areas per Sprinkler (CMSA Sprinklers) . shall be spaced not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center.
13.2.5.1 Determination o f Protection Area o f Coverage. The N 13.2.6.4. 1 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed less than
protection area of coverage per sprinkler (A,) shall be deter­ 8 ft (2.4 m) on center where the following conditions are satis­
mined in accordance with 9.5.2.1. fied:
13.2.5.2 Maximum Protection Area o f Coverage.
(1) Baffles shall comply with the criteria in 13.2.8.1.2.
(2) Baffles shall be solid and rigid material that will stay in
1 3.2.5.2.1 The maximum allowable protection area of cover­ place before and during sprinkler operation.
age for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value (3) Baffles shall be not less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
indicated in Table 13.2.5.2.1. 6 in. (150 mm) high.
1 3.2.5.2.2 In any case, the maximum area of coverage of any
(4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. (50 mm)
and 3 in. (75 mm) above the deflectors of upright sprin­
sprinkler shall not exceed 130 ft2 (12 m2). klers.
1 3.2.5.3 Minimum Protection Area of Coverage. The mini­
(5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
mum allowable protection area of coverage for a sprinkler (A,) at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers.
shall be not less than SO ft2 (7.4 m2).

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CMSA SPRINKLERS 13-117

13.2.7 Deflector Position (CMSA Sprinklers) . N Table 13.2.8. L2(b) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid
Obstructions to Discharge (CMSA Sprinklers)
13.2.7.1 * Distance Below Ceilings.

13.2.7 . L 1 Unobstructed Construction. Under unobstructed Allowable Distance of Deflector

construction, the distance between the sprinkler deflector and Distance from Sprinkler to Side Above Bottom of Obstruction
the ceiling shall be a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) and a maxi­ of Obstruction (A) (mm) (B) (mm)
mum of8 in. (200 mm). Less than 300 0
13.2.7.L2 Obstructed Construction. Under obstructed 300 or more 40 or less
construction, the sprinkler deflector shall be located in accord­ 450 or more 75 or less
ance with one of the following arrangements: 600 or more 140 or less
(1) Installed with the deflectors located a minimum of 6 in. 750 or more 200 or less
(150 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the 900 or more 250 or less
ceiling. l lOO or more 300 or less
(2) Installed with the deflectors within the horizontal planes 1200 or more 375 or less
1 in. to 6 in. (25 mm to 150 mm) below wood joist, 1400 or more 450 or less
composite wood joist, solid obstructed noncombustible, 1500 or more 550 or less
or solid obstructed limited combustible construction, to a 1700 or more 650 or less
maximum distance of 22 in. (550 mm) below the ceiling/ 1800 or more 775 or less
roof or deck. Where CMSA sprinklers are installed under Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 1 3.2.8. 1 .2.
open wood joist construction, their minimum operating
pressure shall be 50 psi (3.4 bar) for a K-11.2 (160) sprin­
kler or 22 psi (1.5 bar) for a K-16.8 (240) sprinkler in
accordance with 22.1.5.1.
(3) Installed with deflectors of sprinklers under concrete tee Ceiling
construction with stems spaced less than 7 ft 6 in. (2.3 m)
but more than 3 ft (900 mm) on centers, regardless of the
depth of the tee, located at or above a horizontal plane

l
1 in. (25 mm) below the bottom of the stems of the tees
and in compliance with Table 13.2.8.1.2(a)or Table
13.2.8.1.2 (b).
13.2.8* Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (CMSA Sprin­
klers).
Obstruction
13.2.8.1 Performance Objective.

13.2.8. L 1 Sprinklers shall be located so as to mmimize

obstructions to discharge as defined in 9.5.5.2 and 9.5.5.3, or A
additional sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate
coverage of the hazard. FIGURE 13.2.8.L2 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid
13.2.8.L2 Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with 9.5.5.2, Obstruction to Discharge (CMSA Sprinklers).
Table 13.2.8.1.2 (a) or Table 13.2.8.1.2(b), and Figure 13.2.8.1.2.
N Table 13.2.8. L2(a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid 1 3.2.8.L3 The requirements of 13.2.8.1.2 shall not apply
Obstructions to Discharge (CMSA Sprinklers) where sprinklers are positioned on opposite sides of the
obstruction.
Allowable Distance of Deflector 1 3.2.8.2 Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge Pattern Develop­
Distance from Sprinkler to Side Above Bottom of Obstruction ment.
of Obstruction (A) (ft) (B) (in.)
1 3.2.8.2.1 General.
Less than 1 0 1 3.2.8.2. L 1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions less
1 or more 1� or less than or equal to 36 in. (900 mm) below the sprinkler deflector
1� or more 3 or less that prevent the pattern from fully developing shall comply
2 ft or more 5� or less with 13.2.8.2.
2� or more 8 or less
3 or more 10 or less 1 3.2.8.2.L2 Regardless of the rules of this section, solid
3� or more 12 or less continuous obstructions shall meet the requirements of
4 or more 15 or less 13.2.8.1.2 or 13.2.8.1.3.
4� or more 18 or less
5 or more 22 or less
5� or more 26 or less
6 or more 31 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 13.2.8.1.2.

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 13-118 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

13-2-8-2-L3':' Unless the requirements of 13.2.8.1.2 or N Table 13.2.8.3.2(a) Obstructions Entirely Below Sprinkler
13.2.8.1.3 are met, for obstructions 8 in. (200 mm) or less in (CMSA Sprinklers)
width, as shown in Figure 13.2.8.2.1.3, sprinklers shall be posi­
tioned such that they are located at least a distance three times Allowable Distance of
greater than the maximum dimension of the obstruction from Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
the sprinkler (e.g., webs and chord members, pipe, columns, Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B)
(in.)
and fixtures).
13-2-8-2-2 Branch Lines- Upright sprinklers shall be posi­
1!0 or more Less than 6
tioned with respect to branch lines in accordance with one of 3 or more Less than 12
the following: 4 or more Less than 18
( l ) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be attached
5 or more Less than 24
directly to branch lines less than or equal to 4 in. 5!0 or more Less than 30
6 or more Less than 36
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 13.2.8.3.2.
(100 mm) nominal in diameter.
(2) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be offset horizon­
tally a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the pipe.
(3) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be supplied by a
riser nipple (sprig) to elevate the sprinkler deflector a N Table 13.2.8.3.2(b) Obstructions Entirely Below Sprinkler
minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the centerline of any (CMSA Sprinklers)
pipe over 4 in. (100 mm) nominal in diameter.
13-2-8-3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from Allowable Distance of
Reaching Hazard. Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
13.2.8.3.1 Continuous or noncontinuous obstructions that Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B)
(mm)
interrupt the water discharge in a horizontal plane below the 450 or more Less than 150
sprinkler deflector in a manner to limit the distribution from 900 or more Less than 300
reaching the protected hazard shall comply with 13.2.8.3. 1200 or more Less than 450
13.2.8.3.2 Sprinklers shall be positioned with respect to fluo­ 1500 or more Less than 600
rescent lighting fixtures, ducts, and obstructions more than 1700 or more Less than 750
24 in. (600 mm) wide and located entirely below the sprinklers 1800 or more Less than 900
so that the minimum horizontal distance from the near side of Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 13.2.8.3.2.
the obstruction to the center of the sprinkler is not less than
the value specified in Table 13.2.8.3.2(a)or Table 13.2.8.3.2(b)
and Figure 13.2.8.3.2.

l
'S/_
----+1•1
Sprinkler Open web steel
•
or wood truss

\
Obstruction _

_
A
l+-
'

Plan View of Column Elevation View of Truss

A � 3C or 30
(Use dimension C or 0, whichever is greater)
FIGURE 13.2.8.2.L3 Minimum Distance from Obstruction (CMSA Sprinklers) .

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR CMSA SPRINKLERS 13-119

_I
(b) Where the obstruction is greater than 24 in.
(600 mm) wide, one or more lines of sprinklers
Ceiling shall be installed below the obstruction.
(3) The obstruction extension shall meet the following
D
requirements:
24 in. (600 mm) or more (a) The obstruction shall not extend more than 12 in.
I' •I B (300 mm) to either side of the midpoint between
sprinklers in accordance with Figure 13.2.8.3.4.
/o o o o\ (b) Where the extensions of the obstruction exceed
12 in. (300 mm), one or more lines of sprinklers
Pipe, conduit,
shall be installed below the obstruction.
or fixture
(4) At least 18 in. (450 mm) clearance shall be maintained
A between the top of storage and the bottom of the obstruc­
tion in accordance with Figure 13.2.8.3.4.
FIGURE 1 3.2.8.3.2 Obstruction Entirely Below Sprinkler 1 3.2.8.3.5 In the special case of an obstruction running paral­
(CMSA Sprinklers). lel to or directly below a branch line, the following shall occur:
(1) The sprinkler shall be located at least 36 in. (900 mm)
13.2.8.3.3 Sprinklers installed under open gratings shall be above the top of the obstruction in accordance with
shielded from the discharge of overhead sprinklers. Figure 13.2.8.3.5.
(2) The obstruction shall be limited to a maximum width of
13.2.8.3.4 Where the bottom of the obstruction is located 12 in. (300 mm) in accordance with Figure 13.2.8.3.5.
24 in. (600 mm) or more below the sprinkler deflectors, the (3) The obstruction shall be limited to a maximum extension
following shall occur: of 6 in. (150 mm) to either side of the centerline of the
(1) Sprinklers shall be positioned so that the obstruction is branch line in accordance with Figure 13.2.8.3.5.
centered between adjacent sprinklers in accordance with 1 3.2.9 Clearance to Storage (CMSA Sprinklers). The clear­
Figure 13.2.8.3.4. ance between the deflector and the top of storage shall be
(2) The obstruction width shall meet the following require­ 36 in. (900 mm) or greater.
ments:
(a) The obstruction shall be limited to a maximum
width of 24 in. (600 mm) in accordance with Figure
13.2.8.3.4.

Ceiling

24 in. (600 mm)

maximum
>24 in. (600 mm)
Obstruction

TNot less
than 18 in.
'!2 S '!2 S

(450 mm) s

Top of storage

FIGURE 1 3.2.8.3.4 Obstruction More Than 24 in. (600 nnn) Below Sprinklers (CMSA Sprinklers) .

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13-120 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

W////.61����

l r
Ceiling
li li

l_
Not less Not less
than 36 in. than 36 in.
(900 mm) (900 mm)

Obstruction

I· (300 mm) •
1 2 in. I 1• (300 mm) •
1 2 in. 1
maximum maximum

F1GURE 13-2-8-3-5 Obstruction More Than 36 in_ (900 mm) Below Sprinklers (CMSA
Sprinklers) .

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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRINKLERS 13-121

Chapter 14 Installation Requirements for Early Suppression 14.2.5 Draft Curtains.

Fast-Response Sprinklers
14.2.5.1 Where ESFR sprinkler systems are installed adjacent
14.1 General. Early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprin­ to sprinkler systems with standard-response sprinklers, a draft
klers shall be selected for use and installation as indicated in curtain of noncombustible construction and at least 2 ft
this chapter and shall be positioned and spaced in accordance (600 mm) in depth shall be required to separate the two areas.
with Section 9.5. 14.2.5.2 A clear aisle of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) centered below the
14.2 Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers. draft curtain shall be maintained for separation.
14.2.1 General. All requirements of Section 9.5 shall apply � 14.2.6 Temperature Ratings. Sprinkler temperature ratings
except as modified in Section 14.2. for ESFR sprinklers shall be ordinary or intermediate unless
9.4.2 requires intermediate-temperature ratings.
14.2.2 ESFR sprinklers shall be used only in wet pipe systems
14.2.7* Occupancy and Hazard. ESFR sprinklers designed to
unless specifically listed for use in dry systems or preaction meet any criteria in Chapter 23 or Chapter 24 shall be permit­
systems. ted to protect light and ordinary hazard occupancies.
14.2.3 ESFR sprinklers shall be installed only in buildings
where roof or ceiling slope above the sprinklers does not N 14.2.7. 1 When ESFR sprinklers are used for the protection of
exceed a pitch of2 in 12 (a rise of2 units in a run of l2 units, a light or ordinary hazard occupancies, 14.2.7.1.1 through
roof slope of 16.7 percent). 14.2.7.1.3 shall be permitted.
1 � .2.4* ESFR sprinklers shall be permitted for use in buildings N 14.2.7 . 1 . 1 In light hazard occupancies, the protection area
With unobstructed or obstructed construction. limitations of ESFR sprinklers shall be permitted to meet the
protection area requirements of Table 10.2.4.2.1 (a).
14.2.4.1 In buildings with obstructed construction where the
depths of the solid structural members (beams, stem, and so N 14.2.7. 1 .2 In light and ordinary hazard occupancies, the sprin­
forth) exceed 12 in. (300 mm), ESFR sprinklers shall be instal­ kler spacing of ESFR sprinklers shall be permitted to meet the
led in each channel formed by the solid structural members. sprinkler spacing requirements of 10.2.5.
N 14.2.7.1.3 In light and ordinary hazard occupancies, the
N 14.2.4.2 In buildings with obstructed construction where
ESFR sprinklers are installed in accordance with 14.2.4.1, the obstruction to the sprinkler discharge pattern of ESFR sprin­
minimum requirements for sprinkler spacing and area of klers shall be permitted to meet the obstruction discharge
coverage shall comply with the requirements of 14.2.8 and requirements o£ 10.2.7.2.
14.2.9. 14.2.8 Protection Areas per Sprinkler (Early Suppression Fast­
Response Sprinklers) .
N 14.2.4.3 In buildings with obstructed construction where
ESFR sprinklers are installed in accordance with 14.2.4.1 and 14.2.8. 1 Determination of Protection Area of Coverage. The
the sprinklers are located entirely above the bottom plane of protection area of coverage per sprinkler (A,) shall be deter­
the adjacent solid structural members (beams, stem, and so mined in accordance with 9.5.2.1.
forth), the requirements for minimum sprinkler spacing per
14.2.9.4 shall apply within each channel formed by the solid 14.2.8.2 Maximum Protection Area o f Coverage.
structural members, but the requirements for minimum sprin­ 14.2.8.2.1 The maximum allowable protection area of cover­
kler area spacing per 14.2.8.3 and minimum sprinkler linear age for a sprinkler (A,) shall be in accordance with the value
spacing per 14.2.9.4 for sprinklers between channels formed by indicated in Table 14.2.8.2.1.
the solid structural members shall not apply.
14.2.8.2.2 Unless the requirements of 14.2.8.2.3 are met, the
14.2.4.4 Where sprinklers are not located entirely above the
horizontal plane created by any adjacent solid structural maximum area of coverage of any sprinkler shall not exceed
member, the minimum sprinkler spacing and area of coverage 100 ft2 (9.3 m2).
shall comply with the requirements of 14.2.8 and 14.2.9.
Table 14.2.8.2.1 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing of ESFR Sprinklers

Ceiling/Roof Heights Up to 30 ft (9. 1 m) Ceiling/Roof Heights Over 30 ft (9.1 m)

Protection Area Spacing Protection Area Spacing

Construction Type ft2 m2 ft m ft2 m2 ft m

Noncombustible unobstructed 100 9 12 3.7 100 9 10 3.0

Noncombustible obstructed 100 9 12 3.7 100 9 10 3.0
Combustible unobstructed 100 9 12 3.7 100 9 10 3.0
Combustible obstructed 100 9 12 3.7 100 9 10 3.0

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 13-122 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

14-2-8-2-3':' Deviations from the maximum sprinkler spacing age for that sprinkler does not exceed 110 ft2 (10 m2)
shall be permitted to eliminate obstructions created by struc­ where all of the following conditions are met:
tural elements (such as trusses, bar joists, and wind bracing) by (a) The average actual floor area protected by the
moving a sprinkler along the branch line a maximum of 1 ft moved sprinkler and the adjacent sprinklers shall
(300 mm) from its allowable spacing, provided coverage for not exceed 100 ft2 (9 m2).
that sprinkler does not exceed 110 ft2 (10 m2) per sprinkler (b) Adjacent branch lines shall maintain the same
where all of the following conditions are met: pattern.
(1) The average actual floor area protected by the moved (c) In no case shall the distance between sprinklers
sprinkler and the adjacent sprinklers shall not exceed exceed 12 ft (3.7 m).
100 ft2 (9 m2). (4) Where branch lines are parallel to trusses and bar joists,
(2) Adjacent branch lines shall maintain the same pattern. deviations from the maximum sprinkler spacing shall be
(3) In no case shall the distance between sprinklers exceed permitted to eliminate obstructions created by structural
12 ft (3.7 m). elements (such as trusses, bar joists, and wind bracing) by
14-2-8-2-4 Deviations from the maximum sprinkler spacing
moving a single branch line a maximum of 1 ft (300 mm)
shall be permitted to eliminate obstructions created by struc­ from its allowable spacing, provided coverage for the
tural elements (such as trusses, bar joists, and wind bracing) by sprinklers on that branch line and the sprinklers on the
moving a single branch line a maximum of 1 ft (300 mm) from branch line it is moving away from does not exceed
its allowable spacing, provided coverage for the sprinklers on 110 ft2 (10 m2) per sprinkler where all of the following
that branch line and the sprinklers on the branch line it is conditions are met:
moving away from does not exceed 110 ft2 (10 m2) per sprin­ (a) The average actual floor area protected by the
kler where all of the following conditions are met: sprinklers on the moved branch line and the sprin­
(1) The average actual floor area protected by the sprinklers klers on the adjacent branch lines shall not exceed
on the moved branch line and the sprinklers on the adja­ 100 ft2 (9 m2) per sprinkler.
cent branch lines shall not exceed 100 ft2 (9 m2) per (b) In no case shall the distance between sprinklers
sprinkler. exceed 12 ft (3.7 m).
(2) In no case shall the distance between sprinklers exceed (c) It shall not be permitted to move a branch line
12 ft (3.7 m). where there are moved sprinklers on a branch line
(3) It shall not be permitted to move a branch line where that exceed the maximum sprinkler spacing.
there are moved sprinklers on a branch line that exceed 14.2.9.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from
the maximum sprinkler spacing. sprinklers to walls shall not exceed one-half of the allowable
14-2-8-3 Minimum Protection Area of Coverage- The mini­
distance permitted between sprinklers as indicated in Table
mum allowable protection area of coverage for a sprinkler (A,) 14.2.8.2.1.
shall not be less than 64 ft2 ( 5. 9 m2). 14.2.9.3 Minimum Distance from Walls. Sprinklers shall be
located a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall.
N 14.2.8.3.1 * In buildings with unobstructed construction where
sprinklers are located entirely above the bottom plane of an 14.2.9.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers
adjacent solid structural member, the requirements of 14.2.8.3 shall be spaced not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on center.
shall not apply to the sprinklers on either side of the solid N 14.2.9-4.1 * In buildings with unobstructed construction where
structural member. sprinklers are located entirely above the bottom plane of an
14.2.9 Sprinkler Spacing (Early Suppression Fast-Response adjacent solid structural member, the requirements of 14.2.9.4
Sprinklers) . shall not apply to the sprinklers on either side of the solid
structural member.
14.2.9.1 Maximum Distance Between Sprinklers. The maxi­
mum distance between sprinklers shall be in accordance with N 14.2.9.4.2 Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed less than
the following: 8 ft (2.4 m) on center where the following conditions are satis­
(1) Where the storage height is less than or equal to 25 ft fied:
(7.6 m) and the ceiling height is less than or equal to (1) Baffles shall comply with the criteria in 14.2.11.1.1.
30 ft (9.1 m), the distance between sprinklers shall be (2) Baffles shall be of solid and rigid materials that will stay in
limited to not more than 12 ft (3.7 m) between sprinklers place before and during sprinkler operation.
as shown in Table 14.2.8.2.1. (3) Baffles shall not be less than 8 in. (200 mm) long and
(2) Unless the requirements of 14.2.9.1(3) or 14.2.9.1(4) are 6 in. (150 mm) high.
met, where the storage height exceeds 25 ft (7.6 m) or (4) The tops of baffles shall extend between 2 in. (50 mm)
the ceiling height exceeds 30 ft (9.1 m), the distance and 3 in. (75 mm) above the deflectors of upright sprin­
between sprinklers shall be limited to not more than 10 ft klers.
(3.0 m) between sprinklers. (5) The bottoms of baffles shall extend downward to a level
(3)* Regardless of the storage or ceiling height arrangement, at least even with the deflectors of pendent sprinklers.
deviations from the maximum sprinkler spacing shall be 14.2. 1 0 Deflector Position (Early Suppression Fast-Response
permitted to eliminate obstructions created by structural Sprinklers) .
elements (such as trusses, bar joists, and wind bracing) by
moving a sprinkler along the branch line a maximum of 14.2. 1 0 . 1 Distance Below Ceilings.
1 ft (300 mm) from its allowable spacing, provided cover- 14.2. 1 0 . 1 . 1 Pendent sprinklers with a nominal K-factor of
K-14.0 (K-200), K-16.8 (K-240),and K-28.0 (K-400) shall be posi-
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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRINKLERS 13-123

tioned so that deflectors are a maximum 14 in. (350 mm) and N Table 14.2. 1 1 . 1 . 1 (b) Positioning o f Sprinklers to Avoid

•
a minimum 6 in. (150 mm) below the ceiling. Obstructions to Discharge (ESFR Sprinklers)
14.2. 10.1.2 Pendent sprinklers with a nominal K-factor of
K-22.4 (K-320), K-25.2 (K-360) ,and K-33.6 (K-480) shall be posi­ Allowable Distance of
tioned so that deflectors are a maximum 18 in. (450 mm) and Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
a minimum 6 in. (150 mm) below the ceiling. Side of Obstruction (A) (mm) Obstruction (B) (mm)

� 14.2. 10.1.3 Upright sprinklers with a nominal K-factor of Less than 300 0
K-14.0 (K-200) and K-16.8 (K-240) shall be positioned so that 300 or more 40 or less
the deflector is 3 in. (75 mm) to 12 in. (300 mm) below the 450 or more 75 or less
•
ceiling. 600 or more 140 or less
14.2. 10.1.4 With obstructed construction, the branch lines
750 or more 200 or less
shall be permitted to be installed across the beams, but sprin­ 900 or more 250 or less
klers shall be located in the bays and not under the beams. 1100 or more 300 or less
1200 or more 375 or less
14.2. 10.2 Deflector Orientation. Deflectors of sprinklers shall 1400 or more 450 or less
be aligned parallel to ceilings or roofs. 1500 or more 550 or less
14.2. 1 1 * Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (Early Suppres­
1700 or more 650 or less
sion Fast-Response Sprinklers) .
1800 or more 775 or less
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 14.2. 1 1 .1 . 1 .
14.2. 1 1 . 1 Obstructions at o r Near Ceiling.
Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with Table
14.2. 1 1 . 1 . 1
14.2.11.1.1 (a)or Table 14.2.11.1.1 (b) and Figure 14.2.11.1.1 for
obstructions at the ceiling, such as beams, ducts, lights, and top
chords of trusses and bar joists.
14.2. 1 1 . 1 .2 The requirements of 14.2.11.1.1 shall not apply
where sprinklers are spaced on opposite sides of obstructions
less than 24 in. (600 mm) wide, provided the distance from the
centerline on the obstructions to the sprinklers does not
exceed one-half the allowable distance between sprinklers.
14.2. 1 1 . 1 .3 Sprinklers with a special obstruction allowance
Obstruction
shall be installed according to their listing.
� 14.2. 1 1 .2* Isolated Obstructions Below Elevation of Sprin­
klers. Sprinklers shall be arranged with respect to obstructions
in accordance with one of the following: A

(1) Sprinklers shall be installed below isolated noncontinu­

ous obstructions that restrict only one sprinkler and are FIGURE 14.2. 1 1 . 1 . 1 Positioning of Sprinkler to Avoid
located below the elevation of sprinklers such as light Obstruction to Discharge (ESFR Sprinklers).
fixtures and unit heaters.
(2) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below isolated
N Table 14.2. 1 1 . 1 . 1 (a) Positioning of Sprinklers to Avoid noncontiguous obstructions where the obstruction is 1 \'2
Obstructions to Discharge (ESFR Sprinklers)
in. (38 mm) or less in width and is located horizontally a
minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) below the elevation of the
Allowable Distance of
sprinkler deflector.
Distance from Sprinkler to Deflector Above Bottom of
(3) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below isolated
noncontiguous obstructions where the obstruction is 6 in.
Side of Obstruction (A) (ft) Obstruction (B) (in.) (150 mm) or less in width and is located a minimum of
Less than 1 0 6 in. (150 mm) horizontally from the sprinkler.
1 or more 1 \'2 or less (4) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below isolated
1\'2 or more 3 or less noncontiguous obstructions where the obstruction is
2 or more 5\'2 or less 24 in. (600 mm) or less in width and is located a mini­
2\'2 or more 8 or less mum of 12 in. (300 mm) horizontally from the sprinkler.
3 or more 10 or less (5) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below isolated
3\'2 or more 12 or less noncontiguous obstructions where sprinklers are posi­
4 or more 15 or less tioned with respect to the bottom of obstructions in
4\'2 or more 18 or less accordance with 14.2.11.1.
5 or more 22 or less (6) Sprinklers with a special obstruction allowance shall be
5\'2 or more 26 or less installed according to their listing.
(7) Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the
6 or more 31 or less occupancy is protected in accordance with 14.2.7 and
Note: For A and B, refer to Figure 14.2. 1 1 . 1 . 1 . obstructions comply with 9.5.5.3.
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 13-124 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

(8) * Where high-piled storage is not physically separated from N 14.2.1 L3.3 Branchlines. Upright sprinklers shall be posi­
an adjacent light or ordinary hazard area, the sprinkler tioned with respect to branch lines in accordance with one of
obstruction criteria of 14.2.11.2 shall apply to all ceiling the following:
sprinklers located within 6 ft (1.8 m) horizontally of any (1) Attached directly to branch lines less than or equal to
high-piled storage. 4 in. (100 mm) nominal diameter
14.2. 1 1 .3 Continuous Obstructions Below Sprinklers. (2) Offset horizontally a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) from
Obstructions. Sprinklers
the pipe
� 14.2. 1 L3.1 General Continuous
shall be arranged with respect to obstructions in accordance (3) Supplied by a riser nipple (sprig) to elevate the sprinkler
with one of the following: deflector a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the center­
line of any pipe over 4 in. (100 mm) nominal in diameter
(1) Sprinklers shall be installed below continuous obstruc­ 14.2.1 L3.4* For pipes, conduits, or groups of pipes and
tions, or they shall be arranged to comply with Table conduit to be considered individual, they shall be separated
14.2.11.1.1 (a) or Table 14.2.11.1.1(b) for horizontal from the closest adjacent pipe, conduit, cable tray, or similar
obstructions entirely below the elevation of sprinklers obstructions by a minimum of three times the width of the
that restrict sprinkler discharge pattern for two or more adjacent pipe, conduit, cable tray, or similar obstruction.
adjacent sprinklers such as ducts, lights, and pipes.
(2) Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the 14.2.1 L3.5 Open Gratings. Sprinklers installed under open
obstruction is 1!/z in. (38 mm) or less in width and is loca­ gratings shall be of the intermediate level/rack storage type or
ted a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) below the elevation of otherwise shielded from the discharge of overhead sprinklers.
the sprinkler deflector. 14.2.1 L3.6 Overhead Doors. Quick-response spray sprinklers
(3) Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the shall be permitted to be utilized under overhead doors.
obstruction is 6 in. (150 mm) or less in width and located
a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) horizontally from the 14.2.1 L3.7 Special Obstruction Allowance. Sprinklers with a
sprinkler. special obstruction allowance shall be installed according to
(4) Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the their listing.
obstruction is 24 in. (600 mm) or less in width and loca­ N 14.2.1 L4 Conveyors. Sprinklers shall be arranged with
ted a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) horizontally from the respect to conveyors in accordance with one of the following:
sprinkler.
(5) Ceiling sprinklers shall not be required to comply with (1) Quick-response standard spray sprinklers shall be permit­
Table 14.2.ll.l.1 (a)or Table 14.2.ll.l.1(b) where a row ted to be installed below conveyors without high-piled
of sprinklers is installed under the obstruction. storage located underneath.
(6) Additional sprinklers shall not be required where the (2) Ceiling level sprinklers shall be installed below conveyors
occupancy is protected in accordance with 14.2. 7 and with high-piled storage located underneath.
obstructions comply with 9.5.5.3. (3) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below belt or
14.2.1 L3.2 Bottom Chords of Bar Joists or Open Trusses. similar type conveyors where the conveyor in a horizontal
ESFR sprinklers shall be arranged with respect to the bottom profile is a minimum 70 percent open.
chord of a bar joist or open truss in accordance with the follow­ (4) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below belt
ing: conveyors up to 4 ft (1.2 m) wide where the area below
(l) Where the bottom cord is 6 in. (150 mm) or less in width, the conveyor is void of high-piled storage.
the sprinkler shall be located a minimum 6 in. (150 mm) (5) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below roller
horizontally from the nearest edge of the bottom chord. conveyors where the horizontal opening between rollers
(2) Where the bottom cord is 24 in. (600 mm) or less in equals or exceeds the width of the roller.
width, the sprinkler shall be located a minimum 12 in. (6) Additional sprinklers shall not be required below roller
(300 mm) horizontally from the nearest edge of the conveyors where the area below the conveyor is void of
bottom chord. high-piled storage.
14.2. 1 2 Clearance to Storage (Early Suppression Fast-Response
14.2. 1 1 -3.2.1 The requirements of 14.2.11.3.2 shall not apply Sprinklers). The clearance between the deflector and the top
where upright sprinklers are located over the bottom chords of of storage shall be 36 in. (900 mm) or greater.
bar joists or open trusses that are 4 in. (100 mm) maximum in
width.

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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL SPRINKLERS 13-125

Chapter 15 Installation Requirements for Special Sprinklers the minimum exposed length of the barrel of the dry sprinkler
shall be in accordance with Table 15.3.1 (a) or Table 15.3.1 (b).
15-1 Open Sprinklers-
15.3.2 The minimum exposed length shall be measured along
15-L1 Open sprinklers shall be permitted to be used in the length of the dry sprinkler from the face of the fitting to
deluge systems to protect special hazards or exposures or in which the dry sprinkler is installed to the inside surface of the
other special locations. insulation, wall, or ceiling leading to the cold space, whichever
15-L2 Open sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with
is closest to the fitting.
all applicable requirements of this standard for their automatic 15.3.3* Where dry sprinklers are connected to wet pipe sprin­
counterpart. kler systems protecting insulated freezer structures, the clear­
15-2 Special Sprinklers-
ance space around the sprinkler barrel shall be sealed.
15.3.4* Dry sprinklers shall only be installed in fittings as
15.2.1 Special sprinklers that are intended for the protection
of specific hazards or construction features shall be permitted specified by the sprinkler manufacturer.
where such devices have been evaluated and listed for perform­ 15.4 Old-Style Sprinklers.
ance under the following conditions: 15.4.1 Unless required by 9.3.12 or 15.4.2, old-style sprinklers
( l ) Fire tests related to the intended hazard shall not be used in a new installation.
(2) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to wetting
of floors and walls
(3) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to obstruc-
tions Table 15.3. 1 (a) Exposed Barrel Lengths for Dry Sprinklers
(4) Evaluation of the thermal sensitivity of the sprinkler (U.S. Customary Units)
(5) Performance under horizontal or sloped ceilings
(6) Area of design Ambient Minimum Minimum Minimum
(7) Allowable clearance to ceilings Temperature Exposed Exposed Exposed
15.2.2 Special sprinklers shall maintain the following charac­ Exposed to Barrel Length Barrel Length Barrel Length
teristics: Discharge End when Exposed when Exposed when Exposed
of Sprinkler to 40°F to 50°F to 60°F
(1) K-factor size shall be in accordance with 7.2.2. (oF) (in.) (in.) (in.)
(2) Temperature ratings shall be in accordance with Table
7.2.4.1(a). 40 0 0 0
(3) The protection area of coverage shall not exceed 400 ft2 30 0 0 0
(37 m2) for light hazard and ordinary hazard occupan­ 20 4 0 0
cies. 10 8 1 0
( 4) The protection area of coverage shall not exceed 196 ft2 0 12 3 0
(18 m2) for extra hazard and high-piled storage occupan­ -10 14 4 1
cies. -20 14 6 3
15.3 Dry Sprinklers. -30 16 8 4
15.3.1 * Where dry sprinklers are connected to wet pipe sprin­
-40 18 8 4
kler systems protecting areas subject to freezing temperatures, -50 20 10 6
-60 20 10 6
Table 15.3. 1 (b) Exposed Barrel Lengths for Dry Sprinklers
(Metric Units)

Ambient Minimum Minimum Minimum

Temperature Exposed Exposed Exposed Barrel
Exposed to Barrel Length Barrel Length Length when
Discharge End when Exposed when Exposed Exposed
of Sprinkler to 4°C to 10°C to 16°C
("C) (mm) (mm) (mm)
4 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0
-7 100 0 0
-12 200 25 0
-18 300 75 0
-23 350 100 25
-29 350 150 75
-34 400 200 100
-40 450 200 100
-46 500 250 150
-51 500 250 150
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 13-126 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

15-4-2 Use of old-style sprinklers shall be permitted where evaluated and listed for performance under the following
construction features or other special situations require unique conditions:
water distribution. (1) Fire tests related to the intended hazard
15-4-3 Old-style sprinklers protecting fur storage vaults shall (2) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to wetting
be permitted to be placed less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on center. of floors and walls
N 15.5 Attic Sprinklers. Attic sprinklers shall be permitted to be
(3) Distribution of the spray pattern with respect to obstruc-
used for protecting areas of an attic and shall be installed in tions
accordance with their listing. (4) Performance under horizontal or sloped ceilings
(5) Area of design
N 15.6 Electrically Operated Sprinklers. Electrically operated
(6) Allowable clearance to ceilings
sprinklers shall be permitted where such devices have been

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 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-127

Chapter 16 Installation of Piping, Valves, and Appurtenances 16.2.5 Escutcheons and Cover Plates.

16.1 Basic Requirements. 16.2.5.1 Plates, escutcheons, or other devices used to cover
the annular space around a sprinkler shall be metallic or shall
16.1.1 * System valves and gauges shall be accessible for opera­ be listed for use around a sprinkler.
tion, inspection, tests, and maintenance. 16.2.5.2* Recessed and flush sprinklers shall be installed with
16.1.2 Materials and components shall be installed in accord­ the escutcheon that is part of its listing.
ance with material compatibility information that is available as 16.2.5.3 Concealed sprinklers shall be installed with the cover
a part of a listing or manufacturer's published information. assembly that is part of its listing.
16. 1 .3 Reconditioned Components.
16.2.5.4 The use of caulking or glue to seal the penetration or
16.1.3.1 The use of reconditioned valves and devices as to affix the components of a recessed escutcheon or concealed
replacement equipment in existing systems shall be permitted. cover plate shall not be permitted.
16. 1 .3.2 Reconditioned sprinklers shall not be permitted to be 16.2.6 Sprinklers subject to mechanical injury shall be protec­
utilized on any new or existing system. ted with listed guards.
16.2 Sprinkler Installation. 16.2.7 Stock of Spare Sprinklers.
16.2.1 Only new sprinklers shall be installed. 16.2.7.1 * A supply of at least six spare sprinklers shall be
16.2. 1 . 1 * When a threaded sprinkler is removed from a fitting
maintained on the premises so that any sprinklers that have
or welded outlet, it shall not be reinstalled except as permitted operated or been damaged in any way can be promptly
by 16.2.1.1.1. replaced.
16.2.7.2* The sprinklers shall correspond to the types and
16.2. 1 . 1 . 1 Dry sprinklers shall be permitted to be reinstalled temperature ratings of the sprinklers in the property.
when removed in accordance with the manufacturer's installa­
tion and maintenance instructions. 16.2.7.3 The sprinklers shall be kept in a cabinet located
16.2.2 Corrosion Resistant.
where the temperature to which they are subjected will at no
time exceed the maximum ceiling temperatures specified in
16.2.2.1 Listed corrosion-resistant sprinklers shall be installed Table 7.2.4.1 for each of the sprinklers within the cabinet.
in locations where chemicals, moisture, or other corrosive 16.2.7.4 Where dry sprinklers of different lengths are instal­
vapors sufficient to cause corrosion of such devices exist. led, spare dry sprinklers shall not be required, provided that a
16.2.2. l . P Unless the requirements of 16.2.2.1.2 are met, means of returning the system to service is furnished.
corrosion-resistant coatings shall be applied only by the manu­ 16.2.7.5 The stock of spare sprinklers shall include all types
facturer of the sprinkler and in accordance with the require­ and ratings installed and shall be as follows:
ments of 16.2.2.1.2. (1) For protected facilities having under 300 sprinklers - no
16.2.2. 1.2 Any damage to the protective coating occurring at fewer than six sprinklers
the time of installation shall be repaired at once using only the (2) For protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers -
coating of the manufacturer of the sprinkler in the approved no fewer than 12 sprinklers
manner so that no part of the sprinkler will be exposed after (3) For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers - no
installation has been completed. fewer than 24 sprinklers
16.2.3 Painting. 16.2.7.6* One sprinkler wrench as specified by the sprinkler
16.2.3. 1 Where sprinklers have had paint applied by other
manufacturer shall be provided in the cabinet for each type of
than the sprinkler manufacturer, they shall be replaced with sprinkler installed to be used for the removal and installation
new listed sprinklers of the same characteristics, including K­ of sprinklers in the system.
factor, thermal response, and water distribution. 16.2.7.7 A list of the sprinklers installed in the property shall
16.2.3.2 Where cover plates on concealed sprinklers have be posted in the sprinkler cabinet.
been painted by other than the sprinkler manufacturer, the 16.2.7.7.1 * The list shall include the following:
cover plate shall be replaced. (1) Sprinkler Identification Number (SIN) if equipped; or
16.2.4 Protective Coverings. the manufacturer, model, K-factor, deflector type, ther­
16.2.4.1 Sprinklers protecting spray areas and m1xmg rooms
mal sensitivity, and pressure rating
in resin application areas shall be protected against overspray (2) General description
residue so that they will operate in the event of fire. (3) Quantity of each type to be contained in the cabinet
( 4 ) Issue or revision date of the list
16.2.4.2* Where protected in accordance with 16.2.4.1, cello­ 16.3 Piping Installation.
phane bags having a thickness of 0.003 in. (0.08 mm) or less or
thin paper bags shall be used. 16.3.1 General.
16.2.4.3 Sprinklers that have been painted or coated shall be 16.3. 1 . 1 Steel pipe shall be in accordance with 16.3.2, 16.3.3,
replaced in accordance with the requirements of 16.2.3. or 16.3.4.
16.3.1.2 Copper tube shall be in accordance with 16.3.5.
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 13-128 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

16-3-L3 Nonmetallic pipe shall be in accordance with 16.3.9. 16.3.9.3 When nonmetallic pipe is used in systems utilizing
16-3-L4 Brass pipe shall be in accordance with 16.3.6.
steel pipe that is not internally coated with corrosion inhibitors,
no additional evaluations shall be required.
16-3-L5 Stainless steel pipe shall be in accordance with 16.3.7. 16.3.9.4* When nonmetallic pipe is used in systems utilizing
16-3-2* Steel Pipe - Welded or Roll-Grooved- When steel steel pipe, cutting oils and lubricants used for fabrication of the
pipe referenced in Table 7 .3.1.1 is used and joined by welding steel piping shall be compatible with the nonmetallic pipe
as referenced in 7.5.2 or by roll-grooved pipe and fittings as materials in accordance with 16.1.2.
referenced in 7.5.3, the minimum nominal wall thickness for 16.3.9.5 Fire-stopping materials intended for use on nonme­
pressures up to 300 psi (21 bar) shall be in accordance with tallic piping penetrations shall be compatible with the nonme­
Schedule 10 for pipe sizes up to 5 in. (125 mm), 0.134 in. tallic pipe materials in accordance with 16.1.2.
(3.4 mm) for 6 in. (150 mm) pipe, 0.188 in. (4.8 mm) for 8 in.
and 10 in. (200 mm and 250 mm) pipe, and 0.330 in. (8.4 mm) 16.3.9.6 Nonmetallic pipe listed for light hazard occupancies
for 12 in. (300 mm) pipe. shall be permitted to be installed in ordinary hazard rooms of
16.3.3 Steel Pipe - Threaded. When steel pipe referenced in
otherwise light hazard occupancies where the room does not
Table 7.3.1.1 is joined by threaded fittings referenced in 7.5.1 exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
or by fittings used with pipe having cut grooves, the minimum 16.3.9.6.1 Nonmetallic pipe installed in accordance with
wall thickness shall be in accordance with Schedule 30 pipe [in 16.3.9.6 shall be permitted to be installed exposed, in accord­
sizes 8 in. (200 mm) and larger] or Schedule 40 pipe [in sizes ance with the listing.
less than 8 in. (200 mm)] for pressures up to 300 psi (21 bar). 16.3.9.6.2 Where nonmetallic pipe installed in accordance
16.3.4 Specially Listed Steel Pipe. Pressure limitations and with 16.3.9.6 supplies sprinklers in a private garage within a
wall thickness for steel pipe specially listed in accordance with dwelling unit, and the garage does not exceed 1000 ft2 (93 m2)
7.3.3 shall be permitted to be in accordance with the pipe list­ in area, the nonmetallic piping shall be permitted to be protec­
ing requirements. ted from the garage compartment by not less than the same
16.3.5* Copper Tube. Copper tube as specified in the stand­
wall or ceiling sheathing that is required by the applicable
ards listed in Table 7.3.1.1 shall have a wall thickness of Type K, building code.
Type L, or Type M where used in sprinkler systems. 16.3.9.7 Bending of listed nonmetallic pipe or tubing shall be
16.3.6 Brass Pipe. Brass pipe specified in Table 7.3.1.1 shall
permitted as allowed by the listing.
be permitted in the standard weight in sizes up to 6 in. 16.3. 1 0 Listed Metallic Pipe and Tubing.
(150 mm) for pressures up to 175 psig (12 bar) and in the 16.3. 1 0 . 1 Pipe or tube listed only for light hazard occupancies
extra strong weight in sizes up to 8 in. (200 mm) for pressures shall be permitted to be installed in ordinary hazard rooms of
up to 300 psig (21 bar). otherwise light hazard occupancies where the room does not
16.3.7 Stainless Steel Pipe. Stainless steel pipe as referenced exceed 400 ft2 (37 m2).
in the standards listed in Table 7.3.1.1 shall be in accordance 16.3. 1 0 . L 1 Pipe or tube installed in accordance with 16.3.10.1
with Schedules lOS or 40S pipe. shall be permitted to be installed exposed, in accordance with
16.3.8 Metallic Pipe and Tube Bending. the listing.
16.3.8. 1 Bending of Schedule 10 steel pipe, or any steel pipe 16.3. 1 0.2 Bending oflisted pipe and tubing shall be permitted
of wall thickness equal to or greater than Schedule 10 and as allowed by the listing.
Types K and L copper tube, shall be permitted when bends are
made with no kinks, ripples, distortions, or reductions in diam­ 16.3. 1 1 Return Bends.
eter or any noticeable deviations from round. 16.3. 1 L 1 Unless the requirements of 16.3.11.3, 16.3.11. 4 , or
16.3.8.2 For Schedule 40 and copper tubing, the minimum 16.3.11.5 are met, return bends shall be used where pendent
radius of a bend shall be six pipe diameters for pipe sizes 2 in. sprinklers are supplied from a raw water source, a mill pond, or
(50 mm) and smaller and five pipe diameters for pipe sizes 2!;2 open-top reservoirs.
in. (65 mm) and larger. 16.3.1 L2 Return bends shall be connected to the top of
16.3.8.3 For all other steel pipe, the minimum radius of a branch lines in order to avoid accumulation of sediment in the
bend shall be 12 pipe diameters for all sizes. drop nipples in accordance with Figure 16.3.11.2.
16.3.8.4 Bending of listed pipe and tubing shall be permitted 16.3.1 L3 Return bends shall not be required for deluge
as allowed by the listing. systems.
16.3.9 Nonmetallic Pipe and Tubing. 16.3.1 L4 Return bends shall not be required where dry pend­

16.3.9.1 Listed nonmetallic pipe shall be installed in accord­ ent sprinklers are used.
ance with its listing limitations, including installation instruc­ 16.3.1 L5 Return bends shall not be required for wet pipe
tions. systems where sprinklers with a nominal K-factor of K-11.2
16.3.9.2 When nonmetallic pipe is used in systems utilizing
(160) or larger are used.
steel piping internally coated with corrosion inhibitors, the
steel pipe coating shall be listed for compatibility with the
nonmetallic pipe materials.
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EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-129

16.4.1.4.1 Where used to protect branch lines, the heat­

Ceiling tracing system shall be specifically listed for use on branch
lines.
16.4.1 .4.2 Electric supervision of the heat-tracing system shall
provide positive confirmation that the circuit is energized.
16.4. 1 .5 Water-filled piping shall be permitted to be installed
in areas where the temperature is less than 40°F ( 4°C) when
heat loss calculations performed by a professional engineer
verifY that the system will not freeze.
16.4.2* Protection of Piping Against Corrosion.
16.4.2.1 * Where corrosive conditions are known to exist due
to moisture or fumes from corrosive chemicals or both, special
types of fittings, pipes, and hangers that resist corrosion shall
be used, or a protective coating shall be applied to all unpro­
tected exposed surfaces of the sprinkler system.
FIGURE 16.3. 1 1 .2 Return Bend Arrangement. 16.4.2.2 Where water supplies or environmental conditions
are known to have unusual corrosive properties, piping shall
have a corrosion resistance ratio (CRR) of 1 or more, and the
16.3.12 Piping to Sprinklers Below Ceilings. system shall be treated in accordance with 5.1.4.
16.3. 12.1 * In new installations expected to supply sprinklers 16.4.2.3 Where corrosive conditions exist or piping is exposed
below a ceiling, minimum 1 in. (25 mm) outlets shall be provi­ to the weather, corrosion-resistant types of pipe, fittings, and
ded. hangers or protective corrosion-resistant coatings shall be used.
16.3.1 2.2* In new installations, it shall be permitted to 16.4.2.4 Where steel pipe is used underground, the pipe shall
provide minimum 1 in. (25 mm) outlets with hexagonal bush­ be protected against corrosion.
ings to accommodate sprinklers attached directly to branch
line fittings to allow for future system modifications. 16.4.3* Protection of Piping in Hazardous Areas.

16.4 Protection of Piping. 16.4.3.1 Private service main aboveground piping shall not
pass through hazardous areas and shall be located so that it is
16.4. 1 Protection of Piping Against Freezing. protected from mechanical and fire damage.
16.4. 1 . 1 * Where any portion of a system is subject to freezing 16.4.3.2 Private service main aboveground piping shall be
and the temperatures cannot be reliably maintained at or permitted to be located in hazardous areas protected by an
above 40°F (4oq, the system shall be installed as a dry pipe or automatic sprinkler system.
preaction system. N 16.4.4 Protection of Piping Subject to Mechanical Damage.
N 16.4. 1 . 1 . 1 The weather temperature used to determine if an Where pipe other than steel is run horizontally or vertically
unheated portion of a system is subject to freezing and through wood or metal studs the following provisions shall
required to be protected in accordance with 16.4.1.1 shall be apply:
the lowest mean temperature for one day, obtained from an (1) Steel shield plates shall be provided where the face of the
approved source. piping is less than 1.25 in. (32 mm) from the nearest
16.4. 1 . 1 .2 The requirements of 16.4.1.1 shall not apply where edge of the member.
alternate methods of freeze prevention are provided in accord­ (2) Steel shield plates shall have a minimum thickness of
ance with one of the methods described in 16.4.1.2 through 0.0575 in. (1.463 mm) (No. 16 gauge).
16.4.1.4.2. (3) Steel shield plates shall cover the area of the pipe where
16.4. 1.2 Unheated areas shall be permitted to be protected by
the member is notched or bored.
antifreeze systems or by other systems specifically listed for the 16.5 Protection of Risers Subject to Mechanical Damage.
purpose. Sprinkler risers subject to mechanical damage shall be protec­
16.4. 1 .3 Where aboveground water-filled supply pipes, risers,
ted by steel posts, concrete barriers, or other approved means.
system risers, or feed mains pass through open areas, cold 16.6 Provision for Flushing Systems.
rooms, passageways, or other areas exposed to temperatures 16.6.1 All sprinkler systems shall be arranged for flushing.
below 40°F (4oq, the pipe shall be permitted to be protected
against freezing by insulating coverings, frostproof casings, or 16.6.2 Readily removable fittings shall be provided at the end
other means of maintaining a minimum temperature between of all cross mains.
40°F and 120°F WC and 49°C). 16.6.3 All cross mains shall terminate in 1 Y., in. (32 mm) or
16.4. 1 .4* Listed heat-tracing systems shall be permitted in larger pipe.
accordance with 16.4.1.4.1 and 16.4.1.4.2. 16.6.4 All branch lines on gridded systems shall be arranged
to facilitate flushing.

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13-130 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

16-7* Air Venting- The vent required by 8.1.5 shall be located 16.8.5.3 Hexagonal bushings as permitted in 16.3.12.2 shall be
near a high point in the system to allow air to be removed from permitted to be used.
that portion of the system by one of the following methods: 16.8.5.4 The requirements of 16.8.5.1 and 16.8.5.2 shall not
( l ) Manual valve, minimum � in. (15 mm) size apply to CPVC fittings.
(2) Automatic air vent 16.8.6 Extension Fitting.
(3) Remote inspector's test valve
(4) Other approved means 16.8.6.1 Extension fittings shall be permitted to be used with
16.8 Fitting Installation. sprinklers K-8.0 or smaller.
16.8.1 Metallic Fittings. (Reserved) 16.8.6.2 Extension fittings shall be permitted to be used with
sprinklers in light hazard and ordinary hazard occupancies
16.8.2 Nonmetallic Fittings. only.
16.8.2. 1 * When nonmetallic fittings are used in systems utiliz­ 16.8.6.3 The internal diameter of extension fittings shall have
ing internally coated steel piping, the steel pipe shall be listed the same nominal inlet diameter of the attached sprinkler.
for compatibility with the nonmetallic fittings. 16.8.6.4 A single extension fitting up to a maximum of 2 in.
16.8.2.2* When nonmetallic fittings are used in systems utiliz­ (50 mm) in length shall be permitted to be installed with a
ing steel pipe that is not internally coated with corrosion inhibi­ sprinkler.
tors, no additional evaluations are required. 16.8.6.4.1 Extension fittings longer than 2 in. (50 mm) shall
16.8.2.3 When nonmetallic fittings are used in systems utiliz­ not be permitted unless specifically listed.
ing steel pipe, cutting oils and lubricants used for fabrication of 16.8.6.5 Extension fittings shall be included in the hydraulic
the steel piping shall be compatible with the nonmetallic calculations.
fittings in accordance with 16.1.2.
16.8.2.4 Fire-stopping materials intended for use on nonme­ 16.8.6.5.1 Extension fittings 2 in. (50 mm) and less shall not
tallic fitting penetrations shall be investigated for compatibility be required to be included in the hydraulic calculations.
with the nonmetallic fitting materials in accordance with 16.8. 7 Threaded Pipe and Fittings.
16.1.2.
16.9 Valves.
16.8.3* Fitting Pressure Limits.
16.9.1 General.
16.8.3.1 Standard weight pattern cast-iron fittings 2 in.
(50 mm) in size and smaller shall be permitted where pressures 16.9. 1 . 1 Drain Valves and Test Valves. Drain valves and test
do not exceed 300 psi (21 bar). valves shall be approved.
16.8.3.2 Standard weight pattern malleable iron fittings 6 in. 16.9. 1 .2 Valve Pressure Requirements. When water pressures
(150 mm) in size and smaller shall be permitted where pres­ exceed 175 psi (12 bar), valves shall be used in accordance with
sures do not exceed 300 psi (21 bar). their pressure ratings.
16.8.3.3 Fittings not meeting the requirements of 16.8.3.1 and 16.9.2 Wafer-Type Valves. Wafer-type valves with components
16.8.3.2 shall be extra-heavy pattern where pressures exceed that extend beyond the valve body shall be installed in a
175 psi (12 bar). manner that does not interfere with the operation of any
16.8.3.4 Cast bronze threaded fittings in accordance with
system components.
ASME B16.15, Cast Copper Alloy Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 16.9.3* Control Valves.
250, shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed 200 psi
(14 bar) for Class 125 fittings and 400 psi (28 bar) for Class 250 16.9.3.1 * General.
fittings. 16.9.3. 1 . 1 Each sprinkler system shall be provided with a listed
16.8.3.5 Listed fittings shall be permitted for system pressures indicating valve in an accessible location, so located as to
up to the limits specified in their listings. control all automatic sources of water supply.
16.8.4* Couplings and Unions. 16.9.3. 1.2 At least one listed indicating valve shall be installed
in each source of water supply.
16.8.4.1 Screwed unions shall not be used on pipe larger than
2 in. (50 mm). 16.9.3 . 1 .3 The requirements of 16.9.3.1.2 shall not apply to
the fire department connection, and there shall be no shutoff
16.8.4.2 Couplings and unions of other than screwed-type valve in the fire department connection.
shall be of types listed specifically for use in sprinkler systems. 16.9.3.2 Listed Indicating Valves. Unless the requirements of
16.8.5 Reducers and Bushings. 16.9.3.2.1, 16.9.3.2.2, or 16.9.3.2.3 are met, all valves control­
16.8.5.1 Unless the requirements of 16.8.5.2 or 16.8.5.3 are
ling connections to water supplies and to supply pipes to sprin­
met, a one-piece reducing fitting shall be used wherever a klers shall be listed indicating valves.
change is made in the size of the pipe. 16.9.3.2. 1 A listed underground gate valve equipped with a
16.8.5.2 Hexagonal or face bushings shall be permitted in
listed indicator post shall be permitted.
reducing the size of openings of fittings when standard fittings
of the required size are not available.
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 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-131

16.9.3.2.2 A listed water control valve assembly with a reliable 16.9.5* Control Valves with Check Valves.
position indication connected to a remote supervisory station 16.9.5.1 In a connection serving as one source of supply, listed
shall be permitted. indicating valves or post-indicator valves shall be installed on
16.9.3.2.3 A nonindicating valve, such as an underground gate both sides of all check valves required in 16.9.4.
valve with approved roadway box, complete with T-wrench, and 16.9.5.2 The city services control valve (non-indicating control
where accepted by the authority having jurisdiction, shall be valve) shall be permitted to serve as the supply side control
permitted. valve.
16.9.3.3* Supervision.
16.9.5.3 The requirements of 16.9.5.1 shall not apply to the
16.9.3.3.1 Valves on connections to water supplies, sectional check valve located in the fire department connection piping,
control and isolation valves, and other valves in supply pipes to and there shall be no control valves in the fire department
sprinklers and other fixed water-based fire suppression systems connection piping.
shall be supervised by one of the following methods: 16.9.5.4 The requirements of 16.9.5.1 shall not apply where
( 1) Central station, proprietary, or remote station signaling the city connection serves as the only automatic source of
service supply to a wet pipe sprinkler system; a control valve is not
(2) Local signaling service that will cause the sounding of an required on the system side of the check valve or the alarm
audible signal at a constantly attended point check valve.
(3) Valves locked in the correct position 16.9.5.5* Control Valves for Gravity Tanks. Gravity tanks shall
( 4) Valves located within fenced enclosures under the control have listed indicating valves installed on both sides of the check
of the owner, sealed in the open position, and inspected valve.
weekly as part of an approved procedure
16.9.3.3.2 Floor control valves in high-rise buildings shall 16.9.6* Pumps. When a pump is located in a combustible
comply with 16.9.3.3.1 (1) or 16.9.3.3.1 (2). pump house or exposed to danger from fire or falling walls, or
16.9.3.3.3 The requirements of 16.9.3.3.1 shall not apply to
when a tank discharges into a private fire service main fed by
underground gate valves with roadway boxes. another supply, either the check valve in the connection shall
be located in a pit or the control valve shall be of the post­
16.9.3.3.4 Where control valves are installed overhead, they indicator type located a safe distance outside buildings.
shall be positioned so that the indicating feature is visible from 16.9. 7 Pressure-Reducing Valves.
the floor below. � 16.9.7.1 In portions of systems where the potential exists for
16.9.3.3.5 A listed backflow prevention assembly shall be normal (nonfire condition) water pressure in excess of 175 psi
permitted to be considered a control valve, provided both (12 bar) and all components are not listed for pressures equal
control valves are listed for fire protection system use and an to or greater than the maximum potential water pressure, a
additional control valve shall not be required. listed pressure-reducing valve shall be installed and set for an
16.9.3.4* Control Valve Accessibility. All control valves shall outlet pressure not exceeding 10 psi (0.7 bar) below the mini­
be located where accessible and free of obstructions. mum rated pressure of any component within that portion of
the system at the maximum inlet pressure.
16.9.3.5 Control Valve Identification. Identification signs shall
be provided at each valve to indicate its function and what it N 16.9.7. 1 . 1 The pressure on the inlet side of the pressure­
controls. regulating device shall not exceed the rated working pressure
• of the device.
16.9.4* Check Valves.
16.9.7.2 Pressure gauges shall be installed on the inlet and
16.9.4.1 Where there is more than one source of water supply, outlet sides of each pressure-reducing valve.
a check valve shall be installed in each connection. 16.9.7.3* A listed relief valve of not less than Y? in. (15 mm) in
16.9.4.2 A listed backflow prevention device shall be consid­ size shall be provided on the discharge side of the pressure­
ered a check valve, and an additional check valve shall not be reducing valve set to operate at a pressure not exceeding the
required. rated pressure of the components of the system.
16.9.4.3 Where cushion tanks are used with automatic fire 16.9.7.4 A listed indicating valve shall be provided on the inlet
pumps, no check valve is required in the cushion tank connec­ side of each pressure-reducing valve, unless the pressure­
tion. reducing valve meets the listing requirements for use as an
16.9.4.4 Check valves shall be installed in a vertical (flow
indicating valve.
upwards) or horizontal position in accordance with their list­ 16.9.7.5 A test connection shall be provided downstream of all
ing. pressure-reducing valves for the performance of flow tests at
16.9.4.5* Where a single wet pipe sprinkler system is equipped
sprinkler system demand as required by this standard and
with a fire department connection, the alarm valve is consid­ NFPA 25.
ered a check valve, and an additional check valve shall not be N 16.9.7.5.1 A 2 Y? in. (65 mm) hose valve shall be provided
required. downstream of the pressure reducing valve for every 250 gpm
(950 L/min) of flow rate required by the system demand.
N 16.9.7.5.2* Existing hose connections downstream of the pres­
sure reducing valve shall be allowed to be utilized.
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 13-132 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

N 15_9_7_5_3':' Other means shall be permitted as long as the 16.9.1 P Identification of Valves.
system doesn't require modification to perform the test and it 16.9. 1 1 . 1 All control, drain, venting, and test connection
is sized to meet the system demand. valves shall be provided with permanently marked weather­
16-9-8* Post-Indicator Valves- proof metal or rigid plastic identification signs.
16_9_8_1 Where post-indicator valves are used, they shall be set 16.9. 1 1 .2 The identification sign shall be secured with
so that the top of the post is 32 in. to 40 in. (800 mm to corrosion-resistant wire, chain, or other approved means.
1000 mm) above the final grade. 16.9. 1 1 .3 The control valve sign shall identity the portion of
16-9-8-2 Post-indicator valves shall be properly protected the building served.
against mechanical damage where needed. 16.9. 1 1 .3. 1 * Systems that have more than one control valve
16-9-8-3 The requirements of 16.9.8.1 shall not apply to wall that must be closed to work on a system or space shall have a
post-indicator valves. sign referring to existence and location of other valves.
16.9.9 Valves in Pits. 16.10 Drainage.
16.9.9.1 Where it is impractical to provide a post-indicator 16. 1 0 . 1 * General. All sprinkler pipe and fittings shall be
valve, valves shall be permitted to be placed in pits with permis­ installed so that the system can be drained.
sion of the authority havingjurisdiction. 16.10.2 Wet Pipe Systems.
16.9.9.2* Valve Pit Construction.
16.10.2. 1 On wet pipe systems, sprinkler pipes shall be permit­
16.9.9.2.1 When used, valve pits shall be of adequate size and ted to be installed level.
accessible for inspection, operation, testing, maintenance, and 16.10.2.2 Trapped piping shall be drained in accordance with
removal of equipment contained therein. 16.10.5.
16.9.9.2.2 Valve pits shall be constructed and arranged to
properly protect the installed equipment from movement of 16.10.3 Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems. Piping shall be
earth, freezing, and accumulation of water. pitched to drain as stated in 16.10.3.1 through 16.10.3.3.
16.9.9.2.3 Poured-in-place or precast concrete, with or without 16.10.3. 1 Dry Pipe Systems in Nonrefrigerated Areas. In dry
reinforcement, or brick (all depending upon soil conditions pipe system, branch lines shall be pitched at least Yz in. per
and size of pit) shall be appropriate materials for construction 10 ft (4 mm/m), and mains shall be pitched at least Y., in. per
of valve pits. 10 ft (2 mm/m) in nonrefrigerated areas.
16.9.9.2.4 Other approved materials shall be permitted to be 16. 10.3.2 Preaction Systems. In preaction systems, branch
used for valve pit construction. lines shall be pitched at least Yz in. per 10 ft (4 mm/m), and
16.9.9.2.5 Where the water table is low and the soil is porous,
mains shall be pitched at least Y., in. per 10 ft (2 mm/m).
crushed stone or gravel shall be permitted to be used for the 16. 10.3.3 Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems in Refrigerated
floor of the pit. Areas. Branch lines shall be pitched at least Yz in. per 10 ft

16.9.9.2.6 Valve pits located at or near the base of the riser of

(4 mm/m), and mains shall be pitched at least Yz in. per 10 ft
an elevated tank shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 22. (4 mm/m) in refrigerated areas.
16. 10.4* System, Main Drain, or Sectional Drain Connections.
16.9.9.3 Valve Pit Marking. The location of the valve shall be
clearly marked, and the cover of the pit shall be kept free of 16. 10.4.1 Provisions shall be made to properly drain all parts
obstructions. of the system.
16.9. 10 Floor Control Valve Assemblies. 16.10.4.2* Drain connections for system supply risers and

16.9. 10.1 Multistory buildings exceeding two stories in height

mains shall be sized as shown in Table 16.10.4.2.
shall be provided with a floor control valve, check valve, pres­ 16.10.4.3 Where an interior sectional or floor control valve(s)
sure gauge, main drain valve, and flow switch for isolation, is provided, it shall be provided with a drain connection having
control, and annunciation of water flow for each individual a minimum size as shown in Table 16.10.4.2 to drain that
floor level. portion of the system controlled by the sectional valve.
16.9. 10.2 The floor control valve, check valve, pressure gauge, 16. 10.4.4 Drains shall discharge outside or to a drain connec­
main drain valve, and flow switch required by 16.9.10.1 shall tion capable of handling the flow of the drain.
not be required where sprinklers on the top level of a multi­
story building are supplied by piping on the floor below.
16.9.10.3 The floor control valve, check valve, pressure gauge, � Table 16.10.4.2 Drain Size
main drain valve, and flow switch required by 16.9 .10.1 shall
not be required where the total area of all floors combined Riser or Main Size Size of Drain Connection
does not exceed the system protection area limitations of 4.4.1. in. mm in. mm
16.9.10.4 The requirements of 16.9.10 shall not apply to dry
systems in parking garages. Up to 2 Up to 50 o/., or larger 20 or larger
• 2\lz, 3, 3\lz 65, 80, 90 1 Y., or larger 32 or larger
4 and larger 100 and larger 2 or larger 50 or larger
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 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-133

16.10.4.5 For those drains serving pressure-reducing valves, 16.10.5.3.2 Auxiliary drains located in areas maintained at
the drain, drain connection, and all other downstream drain freezing temperatures shall be accessible and shall consist of a
piping shall be sized to permit a flow of at least the greatest valve not smaller than 1 in. (25 mm) and a plug or a nipple
system demand supplied by the pressure-reducing valve. and cap.
16.10.4.6 Main Drain Test Connections. 16.10.5.3.3 Where the capacity of trapped sections of pipe is
16.10.4.6.1 Main drain test connections shall be provided at
less than 5 gal (20 L), the auxiliary drain shall consist of a valve
locations that will permit flow tests of water supplies and not smaller than � in. (15 mm) and a plug or a nipple and cap.
connections. 16.10.5.3.4* Auxiliary drains shall not be required for pipe
16.10.4.6.2 Main drain test connections shall be installed so
drops supplying dry pendent sprinklers installed in accordance
that the valve can be opened wide for a sufficient time to assure with 8.2.2, 8.3.2.6, and 8.7.3.4.
a proper test without causing water damage. 16.10.5.3.5 Where the capacity of isolated trapped sections of
16.10.4.6.3 Main drain connections shall be sized in accord­
system piping is more than 5 gal (20 L), the auxiliary drain
ance with 16.10.4.2. shall consist of two 1 in. (25 mm) valves and one 2 in. 12 in.
x

(50 mm 300 mm) condensate nipple or equivalent, accessibly

x

16.10.4.7 The test connections required by 16.10.4.6 shall be located in accordance with Figure 16.10.5.3.5, or a device listed
permitted to be used as main drain connections. for this service.
16.10.4.8 Where drain connections for floor control valves are 16.10.5.3.6 Tie-in drains shall be provided for multiple adja­
tied into a common drain riser, the drain riser shall be one cent trapped branch pipes and shall be only 1 in. (25 mm). Tie­
pipe size larger downstream of each size drain connection tying in drain lines shall be pitched a minimum of � in. per 10 ft
into it. (4 mm/m).
16.10.4.9 Where subject to freezing, a minimum 4 ft (1.2 m) 16. 10.5.3.7 Systems with low point drains shall have a sign at
of exposed drain pipe shall be in a heated area between the the dry pipe or preaction valve indicating the number of low
drain valve and the exterior wall when drain piping extends point drains and the location of each individual drain.
through the wall to the outside. 16. 10.6 Discharge of Drain Valves.
16.10.5 Auxiliary Drains.
16. 10.6.1 * Direct interconnections shall not be made between
16.10.5.1 Auxiliary drains shall be provided where a change in sprinkler drains and sewers.
piping direction prevents drainage of system piping through 16. 10.6.2 The drain discharge shall conform to any health or
the main drain valve. water department regulations.
16.10.5.2 Auxiliary Drains for Wet Pipe Systems and Preaction
1 6 . 10.6.3 Where drain pipes are buried underground,
Systems in Areas Not Subject to Freezing.
approved corrosion-resistant pipe shall be used.
16. 10.5.2.1 * Where the capacity of isolated trapped sections of 16.10.6.4 Drain pipes shall not terminate in blind spaces
pipe is 50 gal (200 L) or more, the auxiliary drain shall consist under the building.
of a valve not smaller than 1 in. (25 mm), piped to an accessi­
ble location.
16.10.5.2.2 Where the capacity of isolated trapped sections of
pipe is more than 5 gal (20 L) and less than 50 gal (200 L), the
auxiliary drain shall consist of a valve )4 in. (20 mm) or larger
and a plug or a nipple and cap.
1 in. (25 mm) valve
16.10.5.2.3 Where the capacity of trapped sections of pipes in
wet systems is less than 5 gal (20 L), one of the following
arrangements shall be provided:
An
(1) auxiliary drain shall consist of a nipple and cap or
plug not less than � in. (15 mm) in size.
An
(2) auxiliary drain shall not be required for trapped
sections less than 5 gal (20 L) where the system piping 2 in. x 1 2 in. (50 mm x 300 mm)
can be drained by removing a single pendent sprinkler. nipple or equivalent
(3) Where flexible couplings, flexible hose connections, or
other easily separated connections are used, the nipple
and cap or plug shall be permitted to be omitted.
16.10.5.2.4 Tie-in drains shall not be required on wet pipe
systems and preaction systems protecting nonfreezing environ­
ments.
1 in. (25 mm) valve
16. 10.5.3 Auxiliary Drains for Dry Pipe Systems and Preaction
Systems.
1 in. (25 mm) nipple and cap or plug
16. 10.5.3. 1Auxiliary drains located in areas subject to freez­
ing shall be accessible. FIGURE 16.10.5.3.5 Dry System Auxiliary Drain.

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13-134 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

16-10-6-5 Where exposed to the atmosphere, drain pipes shall 16. 1 1 .5.2 The alarm bypass test connection for alarm, dry
be fitted with a turned-down elbow. pipe, preaction, and deluge valves shall be made on the water
16. 10.6.6 Drain pipes shall be arranged to avoid exposing any
supply side of the system and provided with a control valve and
of the water-filled portion of the sprinkler system to freezing drain for the alarm piping.
conditions. 16. 1 1 .5.3 The alarm bypass test connection for alarm valves at
16. 1 1 System Attachments.
the riser shall be permitted to be made on the system side of an
alarm valve.
16. 1 1 . 1 Attachments - General.
16.1 1 .5.4 A check valve shall be installed between the inter­
16. 1 1 . 1 . 1 * An alarm unit shall include a listed mechanical mediate chamber of a dry pipe valve and the waterflow alarm
alarm, horn, or siren or a listed electric gong, bell, speaker, device so as to prevent flow from the alarm bypass test connec­
horn, or siren. tion from entering the intermediate chamber of a dry pipe
16. 1 1 . 1 .2* Exterior water motor-operated or electrically oper­
valve during an alarm test via the alarm bypass test connection.
ated bells shall be weatherproofed and guarded. 16. 1 1 . 6 Indicating Control Valves.

16. 1 1 . 1 .3 All piping to water motor-operated devices shall be 16. 1 1 .6. 1 Where a control valve is installed in the connection
galvanized steel, brass, copper, or other approved metallic to pressure-type contactors or water motor-operated alarm devi­
corrosion-resistant material of not less than o/., in. (20 mm) ces, it shall be of the indicating type.
nominal pipe size. 16.11 .6.2 Such valves shall be sealed, locked, or electrically
1 6. 1 1 . 1 .4 Piping between the sprinkler system and a pressure­ supervised in the open position.
actuated alarm-initiating device shall be galvanized steel, brass, 16.1 1 .7* Attachments - Electrically Operated.
copper, or other approved metallic corrosion-resistant material
of not less than % in. (10 mm) nominal pipe size. 16. 1 1 . 7. 1 Electrically operated alarm attachments forming

1 6. 1 1 .2* Sprinkler Alarms/Waterflow Alarms.

part of an auxiliary, central station, local protective, propriet­
ary, or remote station signaling system shall be installed in
1 6. 1 1 .2.1 Local Waterflow Alarms. A local waterflow alarm accordance with NFPA 72 or other approved fire alarm code.
shall be provided on every sprinkler system having more than 16. 1 1 . 7.2 Sprinkler waterflow alarm systems that are not part
20 sprinklers. of a required protective signaling system shall not be required
1 6. 1 1 .3 Waterflow Detection Devices. to be supervised and shall be installed in accordance with
NFPA 70, Article 760.
1 6. 1 1 .3.1 Wet Pipe Systems. The alarm apparatus for a wet
pipe system shall consist of a listed alarm check valve or other 16.11 .7.3 Exterior electric alarm devices shall be listed for
listed waterflow detection alarm device with the necessary outdoor use.
attachments required to give an alarm. 16.1 1 .8':' Attachments - Mechanically Operated.
1 6. 1 1 .3.2 Dry Pipe Systems. 16.1 1 .8.1 For all types of sprinkler systems employing water
1 6. 1 1 .3.2.1 The alarm apparatus for a dry pipe system shall motor-operated alarms, a listed o/., in. (20 mm) strainer shall be
consist of listed alarm attachments to the dry pipe valve. installed at the alarm outlet of the waterflow detecting device.
1 6. 1 1 .3.2.2 Where a dry pipe valve is located on the system 16. 1 1 .8.2 Where a retarding chamber is used in connection
side of an alarm valve, connection of the actuating device of with an alarm valve, the strainer shall be located at the outlet of
the alarms for the dry pipe valve to the alarms on the wet pipe the retarding chamber unless the retarding chamber is provi­
system shall be permitted. ded with an approved integral strainer in its outlet.
1 6. 1 1 .3.3 Preaction and Deluge Systems. The alarm apparatus 16. 1 1.9 Alarm Device Drains. Drains from alarm devices shall
for deluge and preaction systems shall consist of alarms actu­ be arranged so that there will be no overflowing at the alarm
ated independently by the detection system and the flow of apparatus, at domestic connections, or elsewhere with the
water. sprinkler drains wide open and under system pressure. (See
16. 10. 6.)
1 6. 1 1 .3.3. 1 Deluge and preaction systems activated by pilot
sprinklers shall not require an independent detection system 16. 1 1 . 10* Alarm Attachments - High-Rise Buildings. When a
alarm. fire must be fought internally due to the height of a building,
1 6. 1 1 .3.4* Paddle-Type Waterflow Devices. Paddle-type water­
the following additional alarm apparatus shall be provided:
flow alarm indicators shall be installed in wet systems only. (1) Each sprinkler system on each floor shall be equipped
with a separate waterflow device. The waterflow device
1 6. 1 1 .4 Retarding Devices. On each alarm check valve used shall be connected to an alarm system in such a manner
under conditions of variable water pressure, a retarding device that operation of one sprinkler will actuate the alarm
shall be installed. system, and the location of the operated flow device shall
1 6. 1 1 .5 Alarm Bypass Test Connections.
be indicated on an annunciator and/or register. The
annunciator or register shall be located at grade level at
1 6. 1 1 .5.1 Alarm, dry pipe, preaction, and deluge valves shall the normal point of fire department access, at a
be fitted with an alarm bypass test connection for an electric constantly attended building security control center, or at
alarm switch, water motor gong, or both. both locations.

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 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-135

(2) Where the location within the protected buildings where 16.12.3. 1.2 The use of threadless couplings shall be permitted
supervisory or alarm signals are received is not under where required by the authority having jurisdiction and where
constant supervision by qualified personnel in the employ listed for such use.
of the owner, a connection shall be provided to transmit a 16.12.3. 1 .3 A single-outlet fire department connection shall
signal to a remote central station. be acceptable where piped to a 3 in. (80 mm) or smaller riser.
(3) A distinct trouble signal shall be provided to indicate a
condition that will impair the satisfactory operation of the 16. 12.3.2 Fire department connections shall be equipped with
sprinkler system. approved plugs or caps, properly secured and arranged for easy
16.12* Fire Department Connections. removal by fire departments.
16. 1 2. 1 * Unless the requirements of 16.12.2 are met, a fire 16.12.3.3 Fire department connections shall be of an
department connection shall be provided as described in approved type.
Section 16.12 in accordance with Figure 16.12.1. 16.12.4':' Size. The size of the pipe for the fire department
16.12.2 The following systems shall not require a fire depart­ connection shall be in accordance with one of the following:
ment connection: (1) Pipe size shall be a minimum of 4 in. (100 mm) for fire
( 1) Buildings located in remote areas that are inaccessible for engine connections.
fire department support (2) Pipe size shall be a minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) for fire
(2) Large-capacity deluge systems exceeding the pumping boat connections.
capacity of the fire department (3) For hydraulically calculated systems, the pipe size shall be
(3) Single-story buildings not exceeding 2000 ft2 (185 m2) m
permitted to be less than 4 in. (100 mm), but not less
area than the largest riser being served by that connection.
� 16.12.3 Fire Department Connection Types. 16.12.5* Arrangement. The fire department connection shall
be arranged in accordance with Figure 16.12.1.
16.12.3.1 * Unless the requirements of 16.12.3.1.1, 16.12.3.1.2,
or 16.12.3.1.3 are met, the fire department connection(s) shall 16.12.5. 1 * The fire department connection shall be on the
consist of two 2� in. (65 mm) connections using NH internal system side of the water supply check valve.
threaded swivel fitting(s) with "2.5-7.5 NH standard thread," as 16.12.5. 1 . 1 The fire department connection shall not be
specified in NFPA 1963. attached to branch line piping.
16.12.3. 1 . 1 Where local fire department connections do not 16.12.5. 1.2 The fire department connection shall be located
conform to NFPA 1963, the authority having jurisdiction shall not less than 18 in. (450 mm) and not more than 4 ft (1.2 m)
be permitted to designate the connection to be used. above the level of the adjacent grade or access level.
16. 12.5.2 For single systems, the fire department connection
shall be installed as follows:
1 in. to 3 in. (25 mm to 80 mm)
waterproof mastic
(1) Wet system - on the system side of system control, check,
and alarm valves (see Figure A. 1 6. 9.3)
(2) Dry system - between the system control valve and the
dry pipe valve
(3) Preaction system - between the preaction valve and the
check valve on the system side of the preaction valve
Fire
department
(4) Deluge system - on the system side of the deluge valve
connection 16.12.5.3 The fire department connection shall be permitted
to be connected to the main piping on the wet pipe or deluge
system it serves.
16. 12.5.4 For multiple systems, the fire department connec­
tion shall be connected between the supply control valves and
Header
the system control valves.
in valve 16.12.5.5* The requirements of 16.12.5.2 and 16.12.5.4 shall
not apply where the fire department connection is connected
to the underground piping.
16.12.5.6 Where a fire department connection services only a
portion of a building, a sign shall be attached indicating the
portions of the building served.
16.12.5.7* Fire department connections shall be located at
the nearest point of fire department apparatus accessibility or
at a location approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
Automatic drip

FIGURE 16.12.1 Fire Department Connection.

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13-136 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

16-1 2-5-8 Signs- 16. 14. 1 .4 The alarm test connection shall be permitted to be
16-12-5-8-1 Each fire department connection to sprinkler
installed in any location on the fire sprinkler system down­
systems shall be designated by a sign having raised or engraved stream of the waterflow alarm.
letters at least 1 in. (25 mm) in height on plate or fitting read­ � 16.14.2':' Dry Pipe Systems.
ing service design - for example, AUTOSPKR., OPEN SPKR., 16.14.2.1 A trip test connection or manifold not less than 1 in.
AND STANDPIPE. (25 mm) in diameter, terminating in a smooth bore corrosion­
16-1 2-5-8-2 A sign shall also indicate the pressure required at resistant orifice, to provide a flow equivalent to one sprinkler of
the inlets to deliver the greatest system demand. a type installed on the particular system, shall be installed.
16.1 2.5.8.3 The sign required in 16.12.5.8.2 shall not be 16.14.2.2 The trip test connection or manifold shall be loca­
required where the system demand pressure is less than 150 psi ted on the end of the most distant sprinkler pipe in the upper
(10.3 bar). story and shall be equipped with an accessible shutoff valve and
16.1 2.5.9 Fire department connections shall not be connected
a plug not less than 1 in. (25 mm), of which at least one shall
on the suction side of fire pumps. be brass.
16. 14. 2.3 In lieu of a plug, a nipple and cap shall be accepta­
16.12.5. 10 Fire department connections shall be properly
supported. ble.
16.14. 2.4 When the capacity (volume) of the dry pipe system
16.12.6 Valves. has been determined in accordance with 8.2.3.2, 8.2.3.3,
16.12.6.1 A listed check valve shall be installed in each fire 8.2.3.4, or 8.2.3.5, a trip test connection shall be permitted to
department connection and shall be located in an accessible provide a flow equivalent to one sprinkler in accordance with
location. 16.14.2.1 through 16.14.2.3.
16. 1 2.6.2 There shall be no shutoff valve m the fire depart­ 16.14.2.5 When the capacity (volume) of the dry pipe system
ment connection piping. has been determined in accordance with 8.2.3.7, the following
16.12.7* Drainage. The piping between the check valve and
shall apply:
the outside hose coupling shall be equipped with an approved (1) When flow is from four sprinklers, the trip test manifold
automatic drain valve in areas subject to freezing. shall be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on each of
two sprinkler branch lines.
16.12.7.1 The automatic drain valve shall be installed in a (2) When flow is from three sprinklers, the test manifold
location that permits inspection and testing as required by shall be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on the most
NFPA 25. remote branch line and one sprinkler on the next adja­
16. 13 Gauges.
cent branch line.
(3) When flow is from two sprinklers, the test manifold shall
16.13.1 A pressure gauge with a connection not smaller than be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on the most
� in. (6 mm) shall be installed at the system main drain, at remote branch line.
each main drain associated with a floor control valve, and on (4) When flow is from one sprinkler, the test manifold shall
the inlet and outlet side of each pressure-reducing valve. be installed per the requirements for a trip test connec­
16. 13.2 Each gauge connection shall be equipped with a shut­
tion in accordance with 16.14.2.1 through 16.14.2.3.
offvalve and provisions for draining. 16.14.3 Preaction Systems.

16. 13.3 The required pressure gauges shall be approved and 16. 14.3. 1 A test connection shall be provided on a preaction
shall have a maximum limit not less than twice the normal system using supervisory air.
system working pressure at the point where installed. 16.14.3.2 The connection used to control the level of priming
16. 13.4 Gauges shall be installed to permit removal and shall water shall be considered adequate to test the operation of the
be located where they will not be subject to freezing. alarms monitoring the supervisory air pressure.
16.14 System Connections. 16.14.3.3 For double interlock preaction systems, a trip test
connection or manifold not less than 1 in. (25 mm) in diame­
16.14.1 * Wet Pipe Systems. ter, terminating in a smooth bore corrosion-resistant orifice to
16.14. 1 . 1 An alarm test connection not less than 1 in. provide a flow equivalent to one sprinkler of a type installed on
(25 mm) in diameter, terminating in a smooth bore corrosion­ the particular system, shall be installed.
resistant orifice, giving a flow equal to or less than one sprin­ 16. 14.3.4 For double interlock preaction systems, the trip test
kler of a type having the smallest K-factor installed on the connection or manifold shall be located on the end of the most
particular system, shall be provided to test each waterflow distant sprinkler pipe in the upper story and shall be equipped
alarm device for each system. with an accessible shutoff valve and a plug not less than 1 in.
16.14.1.2 The test connection valve shall be accessible.
(25 mm), of which at least one shall be brass.
16. 14.3.5 In lieu of a plug, a nipple and cap shall be accepta­
16. 14. 1 .3 The discharge shall be to the outside, to a drain
connection capable of accepting full flow under system pres­ ble.
sure, or to another location where water damage will not result. 16.14.3.6 When the capacity (volume) of the double interlock
preaction system has been determined in accordance with
2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION OF PIPING, VALVES, AND APPURTENANCES 13-137

S.3.2.3.1.1, S.3.2.3.1.2, or S.3.2.3.1.3, a trip test connection shall 16. 15. 1 .3 Hose connections shall be supplied from one of the
be permitted to provide a flow equivalent to one sprinkler in following:
accordance with 16.14.3.3 through 16.14.3.5. (1) Outside hydrants
16.14.3.7 When the capacity (volume) of the double interlock (2) Separate piping system for small hose connections
preaction system has been determined in accordance with (3) Valved hose connections on sprinkler risers where such
S.3.2.3.1.4, the following shall apply: connections are made upstream of all sprinkler control
(1) When flow is from four sprinklers, the trip test manifold valves
shall be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on each of (4) Adjacent sprinkler systems
two sprinkler branch lines. (5) In rack storage areas, the ceiling sprinkler system in the
(2) When flow is from three sprinklers, the test manifold same area (as long as in-rack sprinklers are provided in
shall be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on the most the same area and are separately controlled)
remote branch line and one sprinkler on the next adja­ (6) In nonstorage occupancies that are not a part of a stand­
cent branch line. pipe system, ceiling sprinkler piping in the same area as
(3) When flow is from two sprinklers, the test manifold shall the hose connection
be arranged to simulate two sprinklers on the most 16.15. 1 .4* Hose connections used for fire purposes only shall
remote branch line. be permitted to be connected to wet pipe sprinkler systems
(4) When flow is from one sprinkler, the test manifold shall only, subject to the following restrictions:
be installed as per the requirements for a trip test connec­ (1) Hose connection's supply pipes shall not be connected to
tion in accordance with 16.14.3.3 through 16.14.3.5. any pipe smaller than 2� in. (65 mm) in diameter.
16.14.4 Deluge Systems. A test connection shall not be (2) The requirements of 16.15.1.4(1) shall not apply to
required on a deluge system. hydraulically designed loops and grids, where the mini­
mum size pipe between the hose connection's supply pipe
16.14.5* Backflow Devices. and the source shall be permitted to be 2 in. (50 mm).
16.14.5.1 * Backflow Prevention Valves. A test connection
(3) For piping serving a single hose connection, pipe shall be
shall be provided downstream of all backflow prevention valves a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) for horizontal runs up to
for the performance of forward flow tests required by this 20 ft (6.1 m), a minimum of IV. in. (32 mm) for the
standard and NFPA 25at a minimum flow rate of the system entire run for runs between 20 ft and SO ft (6.1 m and
demand including hose allowance where applicable. 24 m), and a minimum of 1� in. (40 mm) for the entire
run for runs greater than SO ft (24 m). For piping serving
N 16.14.5. 1 . 1 A 2 � in. (65 mm) hose valve shall be provided multiple hose connections, runs shall be a minimum of
downstream of the backflow prevention valve for every 1 � in. (40 mm) throughout.
250 gpm (950 L/min) of flow rate required by the system ( 4) Piping shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm) for vertical runs.
demand including hose allowance where applicable. (5) Where the residual pressure at a 1� in. (40 mm) outlet
N 16. 14.5. 1.2* Existing hose connections downstream of the
on a hose connection exceeds 100 psi (7 bar), an
backflow prevention valve shall be allowed to be utilized. approved pressure-regulating device shall be provided to
limit the residual pressure at the outlet to 100 psi (7 bar).
N 16. 14.5. 1.3* Other means shall be permitted as long as the (6) Where the static pressure at a 1� in. (40 mm) hose
system doesn't require modification to perform the test and it connection exceeds 175 psi (12 bar), an approved
is sized to meet the system demand. pressure-regulating device shall be provided to limit static
• and residual pressures at the outlet to 100 psi (7 bar) .
16.15 Hose Connections.
16.15.2 Hose Connections for Fire Department Use.
16.15.1 Small [1 � in. (40 mm)] Hose Connections. See 16. 15.2.1 In buildings of light or ordinary hazard occupancy,
Section C.5. 2Yz in. (65 mm) hose valves for fire department use shall be
16. 15. 1 . 1 * Where required, small [1 � in. (40 mm)] hose permitted to be attached to wet pipe sprinkler system risers.
connections shall be installed. 16.15.2.2* The following restrictions shall apply:
16.15. 1 . 1 . 1 Valves shall be available to reach all portions of the
area with 100 ft (30 m) of hose plus 30 ft (9.1 m) of hose (1) Each connection from a standpipe that is part of a
stream distance. combined system to a sprinkler system shall have an indi­
vidual control valve and check valve of the same size as
16. 15. 1 . 1.2 Where the building is protected throughout by an the connection.
approved automatic sprinkler system, the presence of 1 � in. (2) The minimum size of the riser shall be 4 in. (100 mm)
(40 mm) hose lines for use by the building occupants shall not unless hydraulic calculations indicate that a smaller size
be required, subject to the approval of the authority having riser will satisfy sprinkler and hose stream allowances.
jurisdiction. (3) Each combined sprinkler and standpipe riser shall be
16.15. 1 .1.3 Where approved by the authority having jurisdic­
equipped with a riser control valve to permit isolating a
tion, the location of valves shall be permitted to exceed the riser without interrupting the supply to other risers from
distances specified in 16.15.1.1.1. the same source of supply. (For fire department connections
serving standpipe and sprinkler systems, refer to Section 16. 12.)
16.15.1.2 The hose connections shall not be required to meet
the requirements of Class II hose systems defined by NFPA 14.

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 13-138 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

16-16 Electrical Bonding and Grounding- tion grounding system as required by NFPA 780 in those cases
16-16-1 In no case shall sprinkler system piping be used for
where lightning protection is provided for the structure.
the grounding of electrical systems. 16.17':' Signs. (Reserved)
16. 16.2* The requirement of 16.16.1 shall not preclude the
bonding of the sprinkler system piping to the lightning protec-

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-139

Chapter 17 Installation Requirements for Hanging and 1 7. 1 .6 Listing.

Support of System Piping
17.1.6. 1 * Unless permitted by 17.1.6.2 or 17.1.6.3, the compo­
17.1 * General. nents of hanger assemblies that directly attach to the pipe,
building structure, or racking structure shall be listed.
1 7 . 1 . 1 Unless the requirements of 17.1.2 are met, types of
hangers shall be in accordance with the requirements of Chap­ 17 .1 .6.2* Mild steel hanger rods and hangers formed from
ter 17. mild steel rods shall be permitted to be not listed.
1 7 . 1 .2 Hangers certified by a registered professional engineer 17. 1 .6.3* Fasteners as specified in 17.2.2, 17.2.3, and 17.2.4
to include all of the following shall be an acceptable alternative shall be permitted to be not listed.
to the requirements of Chapter 17: 17 . 1 .6.4 Other fasteners shall be permitted as part of a hanger
(1) Hangers shall be designed to support five times the assembly that has been tested, listed, and installed in accord­
weight of the water-filled pipe plus 250 lb (115 kg) at ance with the listing requirements.
each point of piping support. 17 . 1 . 7 Component Material.
(2) These points of support shall be adequate to support the
system. 1 7 . 1 .7.1 Unless permitted by 17.1.7.2 or 17.1.7.3, hangers and
(3) The spacing between hangers shall not exceed the value their components shall be ferrous metal.
given for the type of pipe as indicated in Table 17.4.2.1 (a) 17.1.7.2 Nonferrous components that have been proven by
or Table 17.4.2.1(b). fire tests to be adequate for the hazard application, that are
(4) Hanger components shall be ferrous. listed for this purpose, and that are in compliance with the
(5) Detailed calculations shall be submitted, when required other requirements of this section shall be acceptable.
by the reviewing authority, showing stresses developed in
hangers, piping, and fittings, and safety factors allowed. 17.1.7.3 Holes through solid structural members shall be
17 . 1 .3 Support of Non-System Components. permitted to serve as hangers for the support of system piping,
provided such holes are permitted by applicable building codes
17 . 1 .3.1 * Sprinkler piping or hangers shall not be used to and the spacing and support provisions for hangers of this
support non-system components. standard are satisfied.
17.1.3.2 Sprinkler piping shall be permitted to utilize shared 1 7.2 Hanger Components.
support assemblies in accordance with 17.1.4. 17 .2.1 Hanger Rods.
17.1.4 Shared support assemblies shall be certified by a regis­
tered professional engineer in accordance with 17.1.2 and 1 7.2. 1 . 1 Unless the requirements of 17.2.1.2 are met, hanger
17.1.4. rod size shall be the same as that approved for use with the
hanger assembly, and the size of rods shall not be less than that
17 . 1 .4.1 * The design of a shared support assembly shall be given in Table 17.2.1.1.
based on either 17.1.4.1.1 or 17.1.4.1.2.
17.1.4. 1 . 1 Sprinkler pipe and other distribution systems shall Table 17 .2. 1 . 1 Hanger Rod Sizes
be permitted to be supported from a shared support assembly
designed to support five times the weight of water-filled sprin­ Pipe Size Diameter of Rod
kler pipe and other supported distribution systems plus 250 lb in. mm in. mm
(115 kg), based on the allowable ultimate stress.
Up to and 100 % 10
17. 1 .4.1.2 Sprinkler pipe and other distribution systems shall
be permitted to be supported from a shared support assembly including 4
designed to support five times the weight of the water-filled 5 125 � 13
sprinkler pipe plus 250 lb (115 kg), and one and one-half times 6 150
the weight of all other supported distribution systems. 8 200
17.1.4. 1 .3 The building structure shall not be considered a 10 250 % 16
shared support assembly. 12 300 % 20
17.1.4. 1 .4* The requirements of 17.1.4.1 shall not apply to
17.4.1.3.3. 1 7.2.1.2 Rods of smaller diameters than indicated in Table
17.1.4. 1 .5 Systems that are incompatible with the fire sprin­
17.2.1.1 shall be permitted where the hanger assembly has
kler systems based on vibration, thermal expansion and been tested and listed by a testing laboratory and installed
contraction, or other factors shall not share support assemblies. within the limits of pipe sizes expressed in individual listings.
17 .2. 1 .3 Where the pitch of the branch line is 6 in 12 or
17 . 1 .5 Where water-based fire protection systems are required
to be protected against damage from earthquakes, hangers greater, a reduction in the lateral loading on branch line
shall also meet the requirements of Section 18.7. hanger rods shall be done by one of the following:
( l ) * Second hanger installed in addition to the required main
hangers
(2) Lateral sway brace assemblies on the mains
(3) Branch line hangers utilizing an articulating structural
attachment
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13-140 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Table 17.2. 1 .4 U-Hook Rod Sizes 17.2.2.5 Post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be instal­
led in the vertical position under any of the following condi­
Pipe Size Hook Material Diameter tions:
in. mm in. mm (1) When used in concrete having gravel or crushed stone
aggregate to support pipes 4 in. (100 mm) or less in
Up to and 50 '1'; 6 8 diameter
including 2 (2) When post-installed anchors are alternated with hangers
2� to 6 65 to 150 % 10 connected directly to the structural members, such as
trusses and girders, or to the sides of concrete beams [to
8 200 � 13 support pipe 5 in. (125 mm) or larger]
(3) When post-installed anchors are spaced not over 10 ft
(3 m) apart [to support pipe 4 in. (100 mm) or larger]
17 .2.2.6 Holes for post-installed anchors in the side of beams
Table 17.2. 1 .5.1 Eye Rod Sizes shall be above the centerline of the beam or above the bottom
reinforcement steel rods.
Diameter of Rod
17.2.2.7 Holes for post-installed anchors used in the vertical
Pipe Size With Bent Eye With Welded Eye position shall be drilled to provide uniform contact with the
in. mm in. mm in. mm
shield over its entire circumference.
17 .2.2.8 The depth of the post-installed anchor hole shall not
Up to and 100 % 10 % 10 be less than specified for the type of shield used.
including 4
17 .2.2.9 Powder-Driven Studs.
5 125 � 13 � 13
6 150 � 13 � 13 17.2.2.9.1 Powder-driven studs, welding studs, and the tools
8 200 % 20 � 13 used for installing these devices shall be listed.
17.2.2.9.2 Pipe size, installation position, and construction
material into which they are installed shall be in accordance
(4) Equivalent means providing support to the branch line with individual listings.
hanger rods 17 .2.2.9.3* Where test records indicating the strength of the
17.2. 1 .4 U-Hooks. The size of the rod material of U-hooks concrete into which studs are being driven are not available,
shall not be less than that given in Table 17.2.1.4. representative samples of the concrete shall be tested to deter­
mine that the studs will hold a minimum load of 750 lb
17.2. 1 .5 Eye Rods. (340 kg) for 2 in. (50 mm) or smaller pipe; 1000 lb (454 kg)
17.2. 1 .5.1 The size of the rod material for eye rods shall not for 2� in., 3 in., or 3� in. (65 mm, 80 mm, or 90 mm) pipe;
be less than specified in Table 17.2.1.5.1. and 1200 lb (544 kg) for 4 in. or 5 in. (100 mm or 125 mm)
pipe.
17.2. 1 .5.2 Eye rods shall be secured with lock washers to
prevent lateral motion. 17.2.2.9.4 Increaser couplings shall be attached directly to the
powder-driven studs.
17 .2.1 .5.3 Where eye rods are fastened to wood structural
members, the eye rod shall be backed with a large flat washer 17.2.2. 10 Minimum Bolt or Rod Size for Concrete.
bearing directly against the structural member, in addition to 17.2.2. 10.1 The size of a bolt or rod used with a hanger and
the lock washer. installed through concrete shall not be less than specified in
17 .2. 1 .6 Threaded Sections of Rods. Threaded sections of Table 17.2.2.10.1.
rods shall not be formed or bent.
17 .2.2* Fasteners in Concrete.
17.2.2.1 Unless prohibited by 17.2.2.2 or 17.2.2.3, the use of Table 17 .2.2. 1 0 . 1 Minimum Bolt or Rod Size for Concrete
listed inserts set in concrete and listed post-installed anchors to
support hangers shall be permitted for mains and branch lines. Pipe Size Size of Bolt or Rod
17.2.2.2 Post-installed anchors shall not be used in cinder in. mm in. mm
concrete, except for branch lines where the post-installed Up to and 100 % 10
anchors are alternated with through-bolts or hangers attached including 4
to beams.
17 .2.2.3 Post-installed anchors shall not be used in ceilings of
5 125 � 13
gypsum or other similar soft material. 6 150
8 200
17.2.2.4 Unless the requirements of 17.2.2.5 are met, post­
installed anchors shall be installed in a horizontal position in 10 250 % 16
the sides of concrete beams. 12 300 % 20

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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-141

17.2.2.10.2 Holes for bolts or rods shall not exceed !1;6 in. Table 17 .2.4.2.1 Screw Dimensions for Ceiling Flanges and U­
(1.6 mm) greater than the diameter of the bolt or rod. Hooks
17.2.2. 10.3 Bolts and rods shall be provided with flat washers
and nuts. Pipe Size
in. mm Two Screw Ceiling Flanges
17 .2.3 Fasteners in Steel.
Powder-driven studs, welding studs, and the tools
1 7 .2.3.1 *
Up to and 50 Wood screw No. 18 1 � in.x

used for installing these devices shall be listed. including 2 or

Lag screw �6 in. 1 � in.
x
17.2.3.2 Pipe size, installation position, and construction (8 mm 40 mm)
x
material into which they are installed shall be in accordance Three Screw Ceiling Flanges
with individual listings.
17 .2.3.3 Increaser couplings shall be attached directly to the Up to and 50 Wood screw No. 18 1 � in.x

powder-driven studs or welding studs. including 2

17.2.3.4 Welding studs or other hanger parts shall not be 2� 65 Lag screw % in. 2 in.x

attached by welding to steel less than U.S. Standard, 12 gauge (10 mm 50 mm)
x

(2.8 mm). 3 80
17.2.3.5 Minimum Bolt or Rod Size for Steel.
3� 90
17.2.3.5.1 The size of a bolt or rod used with a hanger and 4 100 Lag screw � in. 2 in.x

installed through steel shall not be less than specified in Table (13 mm 50 mm)
x

17.2.3.5.1. 5 125
6 150
17.2.3.5.2 Holes for bolts or rods shall not exceed !1;6 in. 8 200 Lag screw % in. 2 in.x
(1.6 mm) greater than the diameter of the bolt or rod. (16 mm 50 mm)
x

17 .2.3.5.3 Bolts and rods shall be provided with flat washers Four Screw Ceiling Flanges
and nuts.
17.2.4 Fasteners in Wood.
Up to and 50 Wood screw No. 18 1 � in.x

including 2
17 .2.4.1 Drive Screws. 2� 65 Lag screw % in. 1 � in.
x

Drive screws shall be used only in a horizontal posi­

1 7.2.4. 1 . 1 (10 mm 40 mm)
x

tion as in the side of a beam and only for 2 in. (50 mm) or 3 80
smaller pipe. 3� 90
17.2.4. 1 .2 Drive screws shall only be used in conjunction with 4 100 Lag screw � in. 2 in.x

hangers that require two points of attachments. (13 mm 50 mm)

x

17 .2.4.2 Ceiling Flanges and U-Hooks with Screws.

5 125
6 150
17.2.4.2.1 Unless the requirements of 17.2.4.2.2 or 17.2.4.2.3
are met, for ceiling flanges and U-hooks, screw dimensions 8 200 Lag screw % in. 2 in.x

shall not be less than those given in Table 17.2.4.2.1. (16 mm 50 mm)
x

U-Hooks
17.2.4.2.2 When the thickness of planking and thickness of
flange do not permit the use of screws 2 in. (50 mm) long, Up to and 50 Drive screw No. 16 2 in. x
screws 1o/, in. (45 mm) long shall be permitted with hangers including 2
spaced not over 10 ft (3 m) apart. 2� 65 Lag screw % in. 2� in.
x

(10 mm 65 mm)
x

Table 17 .2.3.5.1 Minimum Bolt or Rod Size for Steel

3 80
3� 90
Pipe Size Size of Bolt or Rod 4 100 Lag screw � in. 3 in.x

in. mm in. mm
(13 mm 75 mm)
x

5 125
Up to and 100 % 10 6 150
including 4 8 200 Lag screw % in. 3 in.x

5 125 � 13 (16 mm 75 mm)

x

6 150
8 200
10 250 % 15
12 300 o/, 20
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13-142 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

17-2-4-2-3 When the thickness of beams or JOISts does not Table 17.2-4.7.1 Minimum Coach Screw Rod Size
permit the use of screws 2� in. (65 mm) long, screws 2 in.
(50 mm) long shall be permitted with hangers spaced not over Minimum
10 ft (3 m) apart. Pipe Size Diameter of Rod Penetration
17-2-4-3 Bolts, Rods, or Lag Screws- in. mm in. mm in. mm
17-2-4-3-1 Unless the requirements of 17.2.4.3.2 are met, the Up to and 100 % 10 3 75
size of bolt, rod, or lag screw used with a hanger and installed including 4
on the side of the beam shall not be less than specified in Table Larger than 4 100 NP NP NP NP
17.2.4.3.1. NP: Not permitted.
1 7 .2-4.3.2 Where the thickness of beams or joists does not
permit the use of screws 2� in. (65 mm) long, screws 2 in. Table 17 .2A. 7.2 Minimum Plank Thicknesses and Beam or
(50 mm) long shall be permitted with hangers spaced not over Joist Widths
10 ft (3 m) apart.
17 .2-4.3.3 All holes for lag screws shall be pre-drilled Ys in. Nominal Nominal Width
(3 mm) less in diameter than the maximum root diameter of Plank of Beam or
the lag screw thread. Pipe Size Thickness Joist Face
17 .2A.3A Holes for bolts or rods shall not exceed \11 6 in. in. mm in. mm in. mm
(1.6 mm) greater than the diameter of the bolt or rod. Up to and 50 3 75 2 50
17 .2-4.3.5 Bolts and rods shall be provided with flat washers including 2
and nuts. 2� 65 4 100 2 50
17 .2AA Wood Screws. Wood screws shall be installed with a 3 80 4 100 3 75
screwdriver. 3� 90
1 7.2-4.5 Nails. Nails shall not be acceptable for fastening
4 100
hangers.
17.2-4.6 Screws in Side of Timber or Joists.
17.2-4.6.1 Screws in the side of a timber or joist shall be not
less than 2� in. (65 mm) from the lower edge where support­
ing pipe is up to and including nominal 2� in. (65 mm) and
not less than 3 in. (75 mm) where supporting pipe is greater
than nominal 2� in. (65 mm).
17.2-4.6.2 The requirements of 17.2.4.6.1 shall not apply to
2 in. (50 mm) or thicker nailing strips resting on top of steel Nominal
beams. width of
17 .2A. 7 Coach Screw Rods.
beam or
joist face
17 .2A. 7.1 Minimum Coach Screw Rod Size. The size of coach
screw rods shall not be less than the requirements of Table
17.2.4.7.1.
1 7.2-4.7.2 The minimum plank thickness and the minimum
t
Coach screw rod
width of the lower face of beams or joists in which coach screw FIGURE 1 7 .2A. 7.2 Dimensions for Structural Members with
rods are used shall be not less than that specified in Table Coach Screw Rods.
17.2.4.7.2 and shown in Figure 17.2.4.7.2.
Table 17 .2-4.3.1 Minimum Bolt, Rod, or Lag Screw Sizes for 17.2-4.7.3 Coach screw rods shall not be used for support of
Side of Beam Installation pipes larger than 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter.
17.2.4.7-4 All holes for coach screw rods shall be predrilled Ys
Size of Bolt, Length of Lag in. (3 mm) less in diameter than the maximum root diameter
Rod or Lag Screw Used with of the wood screw thread.
Pipe Size Screw Wood Beams
17 .3* Trapeze Hangers.
in. mm in. mm in. mm
17.3.1 For trapeze hangers, the minimum size of steel angle or
Up to and 50 % 10 2� 65 pipe span between structural members shall be such that the
including 2 section modulus required in Table 17.3.1 (a)or Table 17.3.1 (b)
2� to 6 65 to 150 � 13 3 75 does not exceed the available section modulus of the trapeze
(inclusive) member in Table 17.3.1 (c) or Table 17.3.1 (d).
8 200 % 16 3 75
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 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-143

� Table 17.3.1 (a) Section Modulus Required for Trapeze Members (in. 3 )

Nominal Diameter of Pipe Being Supported - Schedule 10 Steel

Span (ft) 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10

1 .5 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0. 1 1 0. 1 2 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.26 0.34
2.0 0. 1 1 0.1 1 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.34 0.45
2.5 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.43 0.56
3.0 0.16 0.1 7 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.31 0.36 0.51 0.67
3.5 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.60 0.78
4.0 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.41 0.48 0.68 0.89
4.5 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.77 1 .0 1
5.0 0.27 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.43 0.51 0.60 0.85 1.12
5.5 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.56 0.66 0.94 1 .23
6.0 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.61 0.71 1 .02 1 .34
6.5 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.66 0.77 1.11 1 .45
7.0 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.44 0.47 0.52 0.56 0.60 0.71 0.83 1 . 19 1 .56
7.5 0.41 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.60 0.64 0.76 0.89 1 .28 1 .68
8.0 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.54 0.59 0.63 0.68 0.82 0.95 1 .36 1 .79
8.5 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.73 0.87 1.01 1 .45 1 .90
9.0 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.61 0.66 0.71 0.77 0.92 1 .07 1 .53 2.01
9.5 0.52 0.53 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.70 0.75 0.81 0.97 1.13 1 .62 2.1 2
1 0.0 0.54 0.56 0.59 0.63 0.68 0.74 0.79 0.85 1 .02 1.19 1 .70 2.23
1 0.5 0.57 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.71 0.78 0.83 0.90 1 .07 1 .25 1 .79 2.35
1 1 .0 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.69 0.74 0.81 0.87 0.94 1.12 1 .3 1 1 .87 2.46
1 1 .5 0.63 0.64 0.68 0.72 0.78 0.85 0.91 0.98 1.17 1 .37 1 .96 2.57
1 2.0 0.65 0.67 0.71 0.75 0.81 0.89 0.95 1 .02 1 .22 1 .43 2.04 2.68
1 2.5 0.68 0.70 0.74 0.78 0.85 0.92 0.99 1 .07 1 .27 1 .49 2.13 2.79
1 3.0 0.71 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.88 0.96 1 .03 1.11 1 .33 1 .55 2.21 2.90
1 3.5 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.85 0.91 1 .00 1 .07 1.15 1 .38 1 .61 2.30 3.02
1 4.0 0.76 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.95 1 .03 1.11 1 .20 1 .43 1 .67 2.38 3.1 3
1 4.5 0.79 0.81 0.86 0.91 0.98 1 .07 1.15 1 .24 1 .48 1 .73 2.47 3.24
15.0 0.82 0.84 0.89 0.94 1 .02 1.11 1 . 19 1 .28 1 .53 1 .79 2.56 3.35
15.5 0.84 0.87 0.92 0.97 1 .05 1.14 1 .23 1 .32 1 .58 1 .85 2.64 3.46
1 6.0 0.87 0.90 0.95 1 .00 1 .08 1.18 1 .27 1 .37 1 .63 1 .9 1 2.73 3.58
Nominal Diameter of Pipe Being Supported - Schedule 40 Steel

Span (ft) 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10

1 .5 0.08 0.09
0.09 0.1 0. 1 1 0. 1 2 0. 1 4 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.30 0.41
2.0 O. l l 0.1 1
0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0. 1 8 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.40 0.55
2.5 0.14 0.14
0.15 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.50 0.69
3.0 0.16 0.18
0.1 7 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.36 0.43 0.60 0.82
3.5 0.19 0.21
0.20 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35 0.42 0.51 0.70 0.96
4.0 0.22 0.23
0.24 0.26 0.29 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.48 0.58 0.80 1.10
4.5 0.25 0.26
0.27 0.29 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.54 0.65 0.90 1 .23
5.0 0.27 0.30
0.29 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.60 0.72 1 .00 1 .37
5.5 0.30 0.31
0.33 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.54 0.66 0.79 1.10 1 .5 1
6.0 0.33 0.36
0.34 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.54 0.59 0.72 0.87 1 .20 1 .64
6.5 0.36 0.37
0.40 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.59 0.64 0.78 0.94 1 .3 1 1 .78
7.0 0.38 0.43
0.40 0.46 0.52 0.58 0.63 0.69 0.84 1 .01 1 .41 1 .92
7.5 0.41 0.43
0.46 0.49 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.74 0.90 1 .08 1 .51 2.06
8.0 0.44 0.49
0.46 0.52 0.59 0.66 0.72 0.79 0.96 1.16 1 .61 2.19
8.5 0.47 0.52
0.48 0.56 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.84 1 .02 1 .23 1 .71 2.33
9.0 0.49 0.51
0.55 0.59 0.66 0.74 0.81 0.89 1 .08 1 .30 1 .81 2.47
9.5 0.52 0.58
0.54 0.62 0.70 0.78 0.86 0.94 1.14 1 .37 1 .91 2.60
1 0.0 0.55 0.61
0.57 0.65 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.99 1 .20 1 .45 2.01 2.74
1 0.5 0.58 0.60
0.64 0.69 0.77 0.86 0.95 1 .04 1 .26 1 .52 2. 1 1 2.88
1 1 .0 0.60 0.63
0.67 0.72 0.81 0.91 0.99 1 .09 1 .32 1 .59 2.21 3.01
1 1 .5 0.63 0.66
0.70 0.75 0.85 0.95 1 .04 1.14 1 .38 1 .66 2.31 3.15
1 2.0 0.66 0.68
0.73 0.78 0.88 0.99 1 .08 1.19 1 .44 1 .73 2.41 3.29
1 2.5 0.69 0.71
0.76 0.82 0.92 1 .03 1.13 1 .24 1 .5 1 .8 1 2.51 3.43
1 3.0 0.71 0.79
0.74 0.85 0.96 1 .07 1.17 1 .29 1 .56 1 .88 2.61 3.56
1 3.5 0.74 0.77
0.82 0.88 0.99 1.11 1 .22 1 .34 1 .62 1 .95 2.71 3.70
14.0 0.77 0.80
0.85 0.91 1 .03 1.15 1 .26 1 .39 1 .68 2.02 2.81 3.84
1 4.5 0.80 0.83
0.88 0.95 1 .07 1.19 1 .31 1 .43 1 .74 2.1 2.91 3.97
15.0 0.82 0.91
0.86 0.98 1.10 1 .24 1 .35 1 .48 1 .8 2.17 3.01 4.1 1
15.5 0.85 0.94
0.88 1 .01 1.14 1 .28 1 .4 1 .53 1 .86 2.24 3. 1 1 4.25
16.0 0.88 0.91
0.97 1 .05 1.18 1 .32 1 .44 1 .58 1 .92 2.31 3.21 4.39
Note: The table IS based on a maximum bendmg stress of 15 ksi and a midspan concentrated load from 1 5 ft of water-filled pipe, plus 250 lb.

Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-144 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

N Table 17 .3.1 (b) Section Modulus Required for Trapeze Members (mm3 )

Nominal Diameter of Pipe Being Supported - Schedule 10 Steel

Span (m) 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 1 25 150 200 250
0.5 1310 1310 1470 1470 1640 1800 1970 2130 2460 2950 4260 5570
0.6 1800 1800 1970 2130 2290 2460 2620 2790 3280 3930 5570 7370
0.8 2290 2290 2460 2620 2790 2950 3280 3440 4100 4920 7050 9180
0.9 2620 2790 2950 3110 3280 3610 3930 4260 5080 5900 8360 10980
l.l 3110 3280 3440 3610 3930 4260 4590 4920 5900 6880 9830 12780
1.2 3610 3610 3930 4100 4420 4920 5240 5570 6720 7870 11140 14580
1.4 3930 4100 4420 4590 4920 5410 5900 6230 7540 8850 12620 16550
1.5 4420 4590 4920 5080 5570 6060 6550 7050 8360 9830 13930 18350
1.7 4920 5080 5410 5570 6060 6720 7210 7700 9180 10820 15400 20160
1.8 5410 5570 5740 6230 6720 7210 7870 8360 10000 11630 16710 21960
2.0 5740 5900 6230 6720 7210 7870 8520 9180 10820 12620 18190 23760
2.1 6230 6390 6720 7210 7700 8520 9180 9830 11630 13600 19500 25560
2.3 6720 6880 7210 7700 8360 9010 9830 10490 12450 14580 20980 27530
2.4 7050 7370 7700 8190 8850 9670 10320 11140 13440 15570 22290 29330
2.6 7540 7870 8190 8690 9500 10320 10980 11960 14260 16550 23760 31140
2.7 8030 8190 8690 9180 10000 10820 11630 12620 15080 17530 25070 32940
2.9 8520 8690 9180 9830 10490 11470 12290 13270 15900 18520 26550 34740
3.0 8850 9180 9670 10320 11140 12130 12950 13930 16710 19500 27860 36540
3.2 9340 9670 10160 10820 11630 12780 13600 14750 17530 20480 29330 38510
3.4 9830 10160 10650 11310 12130 13270 14260 15400 18350 21470 30640 40310
3.5 10320 10490 11140 11800 12780 13930 14910 16060 19170 22450 32120 42110
3.7 10650 10980 11630 12290 13270 14580 15570 16710 19990 23430 33430 43920
3.8 11140 11470 12130 12780 13930 15080 16220 17530 20810 24420 34900 45720
4.0 11630 11960 12620 13270 14420 15730 16880 18190 21790 25400 36220 47520
4.1 11960 12450 13110 13930 14910 16390 17530 18850 22610 26380 37690 49490
4.3 12450 12780 13600 14420 15570 16880 18190 19660 23430 27370 39000 51290
4.4 12950 13270 14090 14910 16060 17530 18850 20320 24250 28350 40480 53090
4.6 13440 13770 14580 15400 16710 18190 19500 20980 25070 29330 41950 54900
4.7 13770 14260 15080 15900 17210 18680 20160 21630 25890 30320 43260 56700
4.9 14260 14750 15570 16390 17700 19340 20810 22450 26710 31300 44740 58670
Nominal Diameter of Pipe Being Supported - Schedule 40 Steel
Span (m) 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 1 25 150 200 250
0.5 1310 1470 1470 1640 1800 1970 2290 2460 2950 3610 4920 6720
0.6 1800 1800 1970 2130 2460 2620 2950 3280 3930 4750 6550 9010
0.8 2290 2290 2460 2620 2950 3440 3770 4100 4920 5900 8190 11310
0.9 2620 2790 2950 3280 3610 4100 4420 4920 5900 7050 9830 13440
l.l 3110 3280 3440 3770 4260 4750 5240 5740 6880 8360 11470 15730
1.2 3610 3770 3930 4260 4750 5410 5900 6550 7870 9500 13110 18030
1.4 4100 4260 4420 4750 5410 6060 6720 7370 8850 10650 14750 20160
1.5 4420 4750 4920 5410 6060 6720 7370 8030 9830 11800 16390 22450
1.7 4920 5080 5410 5900 6550 7370 8190 8850 10820 12950 18030 24740
1.8 5410 5570 5900 6390 7210 8030 8850 9670 11800 14260 19660 26870
2.0 5900 6060 6550 6880 7870 8850 9670 10490 12780 15400 21470 29170
2.1 6230 6550 7050 7540 8520 9500 10320 11310 13770 16550 23110 31460
2.3 6720 7050 7540 8030 9010 10160 11140 12130 14750 17700 24740 33760
2.4 7210 7540 8030 8520 9670 10820 11800 12950 15730 19010 26380 35890
2.6 7700 7870 8520 9180 10320 11470 12620 13770 16710 20160 28020 38180
2.7 8030 8360 9010 9670 10820 12130 13270 14580 17700 21300 29660 40480
2.9 8520 8850 9500 10160 11470 12780 14090 15400 18680 22450 31300 42610
3.0 9010 9340 10000 10650 12130 13440 14750 16220 19660 23760 32940 44900
3.2 9500 9830 10490 11310 12620 14090 15570 17040 20650 24910 34580 47190
3.4 9830 10320 10980 11800 13270 14910 16220 17860 21630 26060 36220 49330
3.5 10320 10820 11470 12290 13930 15570 17040 18680 22610 27200 37850 51620
3.7 10820 11140 11960 12780 14420 16220 17700 19500 23600 28350 39490 53910
(continues)

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-145

N Table 1 7.3.1 (b) Continued

Nominal Diameter of Pipe Being Supported - Schedule 10 Steel

Span (m) 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250
3.8 11310 11630 12450 13440 15080 16880 18520 20320 24580 29660 41130 56210
4.0 11630 12130 12950 13930 15730 17530 19170 21140 25560 30810 42770 58340
4.1 12130 12620 13440 14420 16220 18190 19990 21960 26550 31950 44410 60630
4.3 12620 13110 13930 14910 16880 18850 20650 22780 27530 33100 46050 62930
4.4 13110 13600 14420 15570 17530 19500 21470 23430 28510 34410 47690 65060
4.6 13440 14090 14910 16060 18030 20320 22120 24250 29500 35560 49330 67350
4.7 13930 14420 15400 16550 18680 20980 22940 25070 30480 36710 50960 69650
4.9 14420 14910 15900 17210 19340 21630 23600 25890 31460 37850 52600 71940
Note: The table IS based on a maximum bendmg stress of 103.4 MPa and a midspan concentrated load from 4.6 m of water-filled pipe, plus 1 14 kg.

17 .3.2 Any other sizes or shapes giving equal or greater 17 .4.1.2 Storage Racks. Where sprinkler piping is installed in
section modulus shall be acceptable. storage racks, piping shall be supported from the storage rack
17 .3.3 All angles shall be installed with the longer leg vertical.
structure or building in accordance with all applicable provi­
sions of Section 17.4 and Chapter 18.
17.3.4 The trapeze member shall be secured to prevent slip­ 1 7 .4. 1 .3* Building Structure.
page.
1 7.4. 1 .3.1 Sprinkler piping shall be substantially supported
17.3.5* All components of each hanger assembly that attach from the building structure, which must support the added
to a trapeze member shall conform to 17.1.6 and be sized to load of the water-filled pipe plus 250 lb (115 kg) applied at the
support the suspended sprinkler pipe. point of hanging, except where permitted by 17.4.1.1.2,
17 .3.6 The ring, strap, or clevis installed on a pipe trapeze 17.4.1.3.3, and 17.4.1.4.1.
shall be manufactured to fit the pipe size of the trapeze 1 7 .4.1.3.2 Trapeze hangers shall be used where necessary to
member. transfer loads to appropriate structural members.
17.3.7 Holes for bolts or rods shall not exceed �6 in. (1.6 mm) 17 .4.1.3.3* Flexible Sprinkler Hose Fittings.
greater than the diameter of the bolt or rod.
1 7.4.1 .3.3.1 Listed flexible sprinkler hose fittings and their
17.3.8 Bolts and rods shall be provided with flat washers and anchoring components intended for use in installations
nuts. connecting the sprinkler system piping to sprinklers shall be
17 .3.9 Where angles are used for trapeze hangers and slotted installed in accordance with the requirements of the listing,
holes are used, the slotted holes shall meet all of the following: including any installation instructions.
(1) The length of each slotted hole shall not exceed 3 in. .6. 1 7.4. 1 .3.3.2 When installed and supported by suspended ceil­
(75 mm). ings, the ceiling shall meet ASTM C635/C635M, Standard Speci­
(2) The width of the slotted hole shall not exceed �6 in. fication for Manufacture, Performance, and Testing of Metal
(1.6 mm) greater than the bolt or rod diameter. Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and Lay-In Panel Ceilings, and
(3) The minimum distance between slotted holes shall be shall be installed in accordance with ASTM C636/C636M,
3 in. (75 mm) edge to edge. Standard Practice for Installation of Metal Ceiling Suspension Systems
( 4) The minimum distance from the end of the angle to the for Acoustical Tile and Lay-In Panels.
edge of the slotted hole shall be 3 in. (75 mm). 1 7 .4.1.3.3.3* Where flexible sprinkler hose fittings exceed 6 ft
(5) The number of slots shall be limited to three per section (1.8 m) in length and are supported by a suspended ceiling in
of angle. accordance with 17.4.1.3.3.2, a hanger(s) attached to the struc­
(6) The washer(s) required by 17.3.8 shall have a minimum ture shall be required to ensure that the maximum unsuppor­
thickness of one-half the thickness of the angle. ted length does not exceed 6 ft (1.8 m).
(7) Washers and nuts required by 17.3.8 shall be provided on
both the top and bottom of the angle. 1 7.4.1 .3.3.4* Where flexible sprinkler hose fittings are used to
17 .4* Installation of Pipe Hangers.
connect sprinklers to branch lines in suspended ceilings, a
label limiting relocation of the sprinkler shall be provided on
17 .4. 1 General. the anchoring component.
17 .4. 1 . 1 Ceiling Sheathing. 17 .4.1.4 Metal Deck.

17.4. 1 . 1 . P Unless the requirements of 17.4.1.1.2 are met, 1 7.4. 1 .4.1 * Branch line hangers attached to metal deck shall
sprinkler piping shall be supported independently of the ceil­ be permitted only for the support of pipe 1 in. (25 mm) or
ing sheathing. smaller in size, by drilling or punching the vertical portion of
17.4. 1 . 1 .2 Toggle hangers shall be permitted only for the
the metal deck and using through bolts.
support of pipe 1 Yz in. (40 mm) or smaller in size under ceil­ 1 7.4. 1 .4.2 The distance from the bottom of the bolt hole to
ings of hollow tile or metal lath and plaster. the bottom of the vertical member shall be not less than 'Ys in.
(10 mm).
Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
 13-146 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

� Table 17.3.1 (c) Available Section Modulus of Common � Table 17.3. 1 (d) Available Section Modulus of Common
Trapeze Hangers (in.3) Trapeze Hangers (mm3)

Modulus Angles Modulus Angles

Pipe (in.) (in.3) (in.) Modulus (in. 3) Pipe (mm) (mm3) (mm) Modulus (mm3)

Schedule 10 Schedule 10
1 0.12 1� X 1� X )';6 0.10 25 19.7 40 x 40 x 5 1640
32 31.1 50 X 50 X 3 2130
1\;. 0.19 2 x 2 x Ys 0.13
1� 0.26 2 X 1� X )';6 0.18 40
50
42.6
68.8
50 x 40 x 5
X X
50 50 5
2950
3110
2 0.42 2 X 2 X )';6 0.19 65 113 X X
50 50 6 4100
2� 0.69 2 x 2 x Y. 0.25 80 1 70 65 x 40 x 5 4590
3 1.04 2� x 1� x 'Y;6 0.28 90 226 65 X 50 X 5 4750
3� 1.38 2� X 2 X }';6 0.29 1 00 288 X X
50 50 8 4920
4 1.76 2 X 2 X o/,6 0.30 1 25 497 65 x 65 x 5 4920
5 3.03 2� X 2� X }';6 0.30 1 50 713 X X
50 5 0 1 0 5740
6 4.35 2X2X% 0.35 65 x 65 x 6 6390
2� X 2� X Y. 0.39 Schedule 40
SOx 50 x 5 6720
3 X 2 X )';6 0.41 25 21.0 X X
80 65 1 0 7050
Schedule 40
1 0.13 3 X 2� X )';6 0.43 32
40
38.0
54.0
80 x 80 x 5
65 x 65 x 8
7210
7870
1\;. 0.23 3 X 3 X }';6 0.44
50 92.0 X X
80 50 6 8850
1� 0.33 2� X 2� X o/,6 0.48 65 1 74.0 X X
65 50 10 9010
2 0.56 3 x 2 x Y. 0.54 80 282.0 65 X 65 X 1 0 9340
2� 1.06 2� X 2 X % 0.55 90 392.0 80 x 80 x 6 9500
3 1.72 2� X 2� X % 0.57 1 00 526.0 80 x 80 x 8 1 1 ,600
3� 2.39 3 x 3 x Y. 0.58 1 25 893.0 65 x 65 x 1 5 1 1 ,800
4 3.21 3 X 3 X o/,6 0.71 1 50 1 393.0 90 x 65 x6
X X
1 2,300
5 5.45 2� X 2� X � 0.72 80 65 1 0
X X
80 80 1 0
1 3,300
1 3,600
6 8.50 3� X 2� X Y. 0.75 90 x 65 x 8 1 5,200
3 X 2� X % 0.81 X X
80 80 1 1 1 5,600
3X3X% 0.83 X
100 100 6 X 1 7,200
3� X 2� X o/,6 0.93 X X
80 80 1 5 1 7,500
3 X 3 X 1, 6 0.95 X
1 00 80 8 X 20,200
4 x 4 x Y. 1.05 X
100 100 8 X 2 1 , 100
3X3X� 1.07 X
100 80 10 X 23,900
4 X 3 X o/,6 1.23 100 x 1 00 x 10 24,900
4 X 4 X o/, 6 1.29 X
1 25 90 8 X 3 1 ,800
4x3x% 1.46 X
100 100 1 6 X 32,300
4x4x% 1.52 X
100 100 8 X 39,300
5 X 3� X o/, 6 1.94 X
100 100 20
X
1 50 100 10
X
X
46,000
54,400
4X4X� 1.97 X X
4 X 4 X o/s
1 50 100 1 5 71 ,000
2.40 X
1 50 100 20 X 102,000
4 x 4 x 74 2.81 X
1 50 1 50 25X 1 40,000
6x4x% 3.32
6X4X � 4.33
6 x 4 x 74 6.25
6x6x1 8.57 17.4.2.2 The maximum distance between hangers for listed
nonmetallic pipe shall be modified as specified in the individ­
17.4. 1 .5 Where sprinkler piping is installed below ductwork,
ual product listings.
piping shall be supported from the building structure or from 17.4.3 Location of Hangers on Branch Lines.
the ductwork supports, provided such supports are capable of 17 .4.3.1 Subsection 17 .4.3 shall apply to the support of steel
handling both the load of the ductwork and the load specified pipe or copper tube as specified in 7.3.1 and subject to the
in 17.4.1.3.1. provisions of 17.4.2.
17 .4.2* Maximum Distance Between Hangers. 17.4.3.2* Minimum Number of Hangers.
17.4.2. 1The maximum distance between hangers shall not 17.4.3.2.1 Unless the requirements of 17.4.3.2.2 through
exceed that specified in Table 17.4.2.1(a) or Table 17.4.2.1 (b), 17.4.3.2.5 are met, there shall be not less than one hanger for
except where the provisions of 17.4.4 apply. each section of pipe.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-147

Table 1 7.4.2.1 (a) Maximum Distance Between Hangers (ft-in.)

Nominal Pipe Size (in.)

Y., 1 1 !;. 1� 2 2� 3 3� 4 5 6 8
Steel pipe except threaded lightwall NA 12-0 12-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0
Threaded lightwall steel pipe NA 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 NA NA NA NA NA
Copper tube 8-0 8-0 10-0 10-0 12-0 12-0 12-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0
CPVC 5-6 6-0 6-6 7-0 8-0 9-0 10-0 NA NA NA NA NA
Ductile-iron pipe NA NA NA NA NA NA 15-0 NA 15-0 NA 15-0 15-0
NA: Not apphcable.

Table 17.4.2. 1 (b) Maximum Distance Between Hangers (m)

Nominal Pipe Size (mm)

20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200
Steel pipe except threaded lightwall NA 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
Threaded lightwall steel pipe NA 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 NA NA NA NA NA
Copper tube 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
CPVC 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 NA NA NA NA NA
Ductile-iron pipe NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.6 NA 4.6 NA 4.6 4.6
NA: Not apphcable.

17.4.3.2.2* Unless the requirements of 17.4.3.2.3 are met, 1 7 .4.3.4.4* Unsupported Length with Maximum Pressure
where sprinklers are spaced less than 6 ft (1.8 m) apart, hang­ Exceeding 1 00 psi (6.9 bar) and Branch Line Above Ceiling
ers spaced up to a maximum of 12 ft (3.7 m) shall be permit­ Supplying Sprinklers in Pendent Position Below Ceiling.
ted. 1 7.4.3.4.4.1 Where the maximum static or flowing pressure,
17 .4.3.2.3 For welded or mechanical outlets on a continuous whichever is greater at the sprinkler, applied other than
section of pipe, hanger spacing shall be according to Table through the fire department connection, exceeds 100 psi (6.9
17.4.2.1(a) or Table 17.4.2.1 (b). bar) and a branch line above a ceiling supplies sprinklers in a
17.4.3.2.4* Starter lengths less than 6 ft (1.8 m) shall not
pendent position below the ceiling, the hanger assembly
require a hanger, unless on the end line of a sidefeed system or supporting the pipe supplying an end sprinkler in a pendent
where an intermediate cross main hanger has been omitted. position shall be of a type that restrains upward movement of
the pipe.
17 .4.3.2.5* A single section of pipe shall not require a hanger 17 .4.3.4.4.2 The unsupported length between the end sprin­
when the cumulative distance between hangers on the branch kler in a pendent position or drop nipple and the last hanger
line does not exceed the spacing required by Table 17.4.2.1 (a) on the branch line shall not be greater than 12 in. (300 mm)
and Table 17.4.2.1 (b). for steel pipe or 6 in. (150 mm) for copper pipe.
17 .4.3.3 Clearance to Hangers. The distance between a
17.4.3.4.4.3 When the limit of 17.4.3.4.4.2 is exceeded, the
hanger and the centerline of an upright sprinkler shall not be pipe shall be extended beyond the end sprinkler and suppor­
less than 3 in. (75 mm). ted by an additional hanger.
17.4.3.4* Unsupported Lengths.
17.4.3.4.4.4 Unless flexible hose fittings in accordance with
17.4.3.4.1 For steel pipe, the unsupported horizontal length 17.4.1.3.3.1 and ceilings in accordance with 17.4.1.3.3.2 are
between the end sprinkler and the last hanger on the line shall used, the hanger closest to the sprinkler shall be of a type that
not be greater than 36 in. (900 mm) for 1 in. (25 mm) pipe, restrains the pipe from upward movement.
48 in. (1200 mm) for 1 Y. in. (32 mm) pipe, and 60 in. 17 .4.3.5* Unsupported Armover Length.
(1500 mm) for 1� in. (40 mm) or larger pipe. 1 7.4.3.5.1 The cumulative horizontal length of an unsuppor­
17 .4.3.4.2 For copper tube, the unsupported horizontal ted armover to a sprinkler, sprinkler drop, or sprig shall not
length between the end sprinkler and the last hanger on the exceed 24 in. (600 mm) for steel pipe or 12 in. (300 mm) for
line shall not be greater than 18 in. (450 mm) for 1 in. copper tube.
(25 mm) pipe, 24 in. (600 mm) for 1 Y. in. (32 mm) pipe, and
30 in. (750 mm) for 1� in. (40 mm) or larger pipe. 17 .4.3.5.2* Unsupported Armover Length with Maximum
Pressure Exceeding 100 psi (6.9 bar) and Branch Line Above
1 7.4.3.4.3 Where the limits of 17.4.3.4.1 and 17.4.3.4.2 are Ceiling Supplying Sprinklers in Pendent Position Below Ceil­
exceeded, the pipe shall be extended beyond the end sprinkler ing.
and shall be supported by an additional hanger. 1 7.4.3.5.2.1 Where the maximum static or flowing pressure,
whichever is greater at the sprinkler, applied other than
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 13-148 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

through the fire department connection, exceeds 100 psi (6.9 ing member with a hanger installed at this point, in which
bar) and a branch line above a ceiling supplies sprinklers in a event an intermediate hanger shall be permitted to be omitted
pendent position below the ceiling, the cumulative horizontal in accordance with 17.4.4.3, 17.4.4.4, and 17.4.4.5.
length of an unsupported armover to a sprinkler or sprinkler 17.4.4.8* A single section of pipe shall not require a hanger
drop shall not exceed 12 in. (300 mm) for steel pipe and 6 in. when the cumulative distance between hangers on the main
(150 mm) for copper tube. does not exceed the spacing required by Table 17.4.2.1 (a) and
17.4.3.5.2.2 Unless flexible sprinkler hose fittings in accord­ Table 17.4.2.1 (b).
•
ance with 17.4.1.3.3.1 are used, the hanger closest to the sprin­ 17 .4.5 Support o f Risers.
kler shall be of a type that restrains upward movement of the
pipe. 17.4.5.1 Risers shall be supported by riser clamps or by hang­
17.4.3.5.2.3 Where the armover exceeds the maximum unsup­
ers located on the horizontal connections within 24 in.
ported length of 17.4.3.5.2.1, a hanger shall be installed so that (600 mm) of the centerline of the riser.
the distance from the end sprinkler or drop nipple to the 17 .4.5.2 Riser clamps supporting risers by means of set screws
hanger is not greater than 12 in. (300 mm) for steel or 6 in. shall not be used.
(150 mm) for copper, or the pipe shall be extended beyond 17 .4.5.3* Riser clamps anchored to walls using hanger rods in
the end sprinkler and shall be supported by an additional the horizontal position shall not be permitted to vertically
hanger. support risers.
17 .4.3.6* Wall-mounted sidewall sprinklers shall be restrained
to prevent movement. 17.4.5.4 Multistory Buildings.

17.4.3.7 Sprigs. Sprigs 4 ft (1.2 m) or longer shall be 17.4.5.4.1 In multistory buildings, riser supports shall be
restrained against lateral movement. provided at the lowest level, at each alternate level above, above
17 .4.4 Location of Hangers on Mains.
and below offsets, and at the top of the riser.
17 .4.5.4.2* Supports above the lowest level shall also restrain
17.4.4.1 Unless any of the requirements of 17.4.4.2 through the pipe to prevent movement by an upward thrust where flexi­
17.4.4.7 are met, hangers for mains shall be in accordance with ble fittings are used.
17.4.2, between each branch line, or on each section of pipe, 17 .4.5.4.3 Where risers are supported from the ground, the
whichever is the lesser dimension. ground support shall constitute the first level of riser support.
17.4.4.2 For welded or mechanical outlets on a continuous
section of pipe, hanger spacing shall be according to Table 17 .4.5.4.4 Where risers are offset or do not rise from the
17.4.2.1(a) or Table 17.4.2.1(b). ground, the first ceiling level above the offset shall constitute
17.4.4.3 For cross mains in steel pipe systems in bays having
the first level of riser support.
two branch lines, the intermediate hanger shall be permitted to 17 .4.5.5 Distance between supports for risers shall not exceed
be omitted, provided that a hanger attached to a purlin is 25 ft (7.6 m).
17 .5':' Pipe Stands.
installed on each branch line located as near to the cross main
as the location of the purlin permits.
17 .5.1 General.
17.4.4.3.1 The remaining branch line hangers shall be instal­
led in accordance with 17.4.3. 17.5. 1 . 1 Where pipe stands are used to support system piping,
17 .4.4.4 For cross mains in steel pipe systems only in bays
the requirements of Section 17.5 shall apply unless the require­
having three branch lines, either side or center feed, one ments of 17.5.1.2 are met.
(only) intermediate hanger shall be permitted to be omitted, 17.5 . 1 .2 Pipe stands certified by a registered professional engi­
provided that a hanger attached to a purlin is installed on each neer to include all of the following shall be an acceptable alter­
branch line located as near to the cross main as the location of native to the requirements of Section 17.5:
the purlin permits. ( 1) Pipe stands shall be designed to support five times the
17.4.4.4.1 The remaining branch line hangers shall be instal­ weight of water-filled pipe plus 250 lb (115 kg) at each
led in accordance with 17.4.3. point of piping support.
17 .4.4.5 For cross mains in steel pipe systems only in bays
(2) These points of support shall be adequate to support the
having four or more branch lines, either side or center feed, system.
two intermediate hangers shall be permitted to be omitted, (3) The spacing between pipe stands shall not exceed the
provided the maximum distance between hangers does not value given for the type of pipe as indicated in Table
exceed the distances specified in 17.4.2 and a hanger attached 17.4.2.1(a) or Table 17.4.2.1 (b).
to a purlin on each branch line is located as near to the cross (4) Pipe stand components shall be ferrous.
main as the purlin permits. (5) Detailed calculations shall be submitted, when required
by the reviewing authority, showing stresses developed in
17 .4.4.6 The unsupported length of the end of a main shall be the pipe stand, the system piping and fittings, and safety
no greater than one half the maximum allowable hanger spac­ factors allowed.
ing per Table 17.4.2.1 (a) and Table 17.4.2.1 (b). 17.5 . 1 .3 Where water-based fire protection systems are
17.4.4.7 At the end of the main, intermediate trapeze hangers required to be protected against damage from earthquakes,
shall be installed unless the main is extended to the next fram- pipe stands shall also meet the requirements of Section 18.8.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

EDUFIRE.IR Telegram: EDUFIRE_IR

 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR HANGING AND SUPPORT OF SYSTEM PIPING 13-149

17-5-2 Component MateriaL 1 7 .5.4.2* Pipe stand base plates shall be threaded malleable
17-5-2-1 Pipe stands and their components shall be ferrous
iron flanges or welded steel flanges in accordance with Table
unless permitted by 17.5.2.2. 7.4.1.
1 7.5.4.2.1 Pipes stands installed in accordance with 17.5.3.2
17.5.2.2 Nonferrous components that have been proven by shall be permitted to use a welded steel plate.
fire tests to be adequate for the hazard application and that are
in compliance with the other requirements of this section shall 1 7.5.4.3* Pipe stands shall be fastened to a concrete floor or
be acceptable. footing using listed concrete anchors or other approved means.
17 .5.3 Sizing. 17 .5.4.4 A minimum of four anchors shall be used to attach
17.5.3. 1 * The maximum heights for pipe stands shall be in
the base plate to the floor.
accordance with Table 17.5.3.1 (a) or Table 17.5.3.1 (b) unless 1 7.5.4.4.1 Pipe stands installed in accordance with 17.5.3.2
the requirements of 17.5.3.2 are met. shall be permitted to use a minimum of two anchors to attach
17.5.3.2* Pipe diameters up to and including 10 in. (250 mm)
the base plate to the floor.
Schedule 40 are permitted to be supported by 2 in. (50 mm) 17 .5.4.5 The minimum diameter for the anchors shall be � in.
Schedule 40 diameter pipe stands when all of the following (15 mm) for pipe stand diameters up to and including 3 in.
conditions are met: (80 mm) and % in. (16 mm) for pipe stands 4 in. (100 mm)
(1) The maximum height shall be 4 ft (1.2 m), as measured diameter and larger.
from the base of the pipe stand to the centerline of the 1 7.5.4.5.1 Where the pipe stand complies with 17.5.3.2, o/s in.
pipe being supported. (10 mm) anchors shall be permitted.
(2) * The pipe stand shall be axially loaded. 17 .5.5 Attaching to System Piping.
17 .5.3.3 The distance between pipe stands shall not exceed
the values in Table 17.4.2.1 (a) or Table 17.4.2.1 (b). 1 7.5.5.1 Piping shall be attached to the pipe stand with U­

17 .5.4 Pipe Stand Base.

bolts or equivalent attachment, unless the requirements of
17.5.5.2 are met.
17.5.4.1 The pipe stand base shall be secured by an approved N 1 7.5.5.2 When a saddle-type pipe stand is utilized and the pipe
method. is not subject to a net vertical upward force, a through-bolt or
� Table 17.5.3.1 (a) Maximum Pipe Stand Heights (ft)
equivalent attachment is not required.
17 .5.5.3* Where a horizontal bracket is used to attach the
System Pipe Pipe Stand Diameter (in.)*
system piping to the pipe stand, it shall not be more than 1 ft
Diameter
(0.3 m) as measured horizontally from the centerline of the
(in.)t 1 '1 2 '
21 3 4 6
pipe stand to the centerline of the supported pipe.
1 '1 6.6 9.4 11.3 13.8 1 8.0 26.8 17 .5.5.4 Horizontal support brackets shall be sized such that
2 4.4 9.4 11.3 13.8 1 8.0 26.8 the section modulus required in Table 17.5.5.4 does not exceed
2'1 8.1 11.3 13.8 1 8.0 26.8 the available section modulus from Table 17.3.1 (c).
3 5.2 11.3 1 3.8 1 8.0 26.8
17 .5.6 Thrust.
4 up to and 1 4.7 26.8
including 1 7.5.6.1 * System piping shall be supported and restrained to
8 restrict movement due to sprinkler/nozzle reaction and water
*Pipe stands are Schedule 40 pipe. surges.
tSystem piping is assumed to be Schedule 40 (8 in. is Schedule 30) .
1 7.5.6.2* Where thrust forces are anticipated to be high, a
N Table 17 .5.3. 1 (b) Maximum Pipe Stand Heights (m)
pipe ring or clamp shall secure the system piping to the pipe
stand.
System Pipe Pipe Stand Diameter (mm) * 17 .5. 7 Exterior Applications.
Diameter 17 .5. 7.1 Where required, pipe stands used in exterior applica­
(mm)t 40 50 65 80 100 1 50 tions shall be made of galvanized steel or other suitable
40 2 2.9 3.4 4.2 5.5 8.2 corrosion-resistant materials.
50 1.3 2.9 3.4 4.2 5.5 8.2
17 .5. 7.2 A welded, threaded, grooved, or other approved cap
65 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.5 8.2
shall be securely attached to the top of the pipe stand.
80 1.6 3.4 4.2 5.5 8.2
100 up to
and
4.5 8.2

including
200
*Pipe stands are Schedule 40 pipe.
tSystem piping is assumed to be Schedule 40 (200 mm is Schedule 30) .

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13-150 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Table 17 .5.5.4 Required Section Modulus for Pipe Stand Horizontal Support Arms (in. 3)

Nominal Diameter of
Pipe Being Supported
(in.) 1 I V. 1 � 2 2� 3 3� 4 5 6 8
Section Modulus - 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.49 0.66 0.85 1.40
Schedule 10 Steel
Section Modulus - 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.54 0.63 0.86 1.13 1.64
Schedule 40 Steel
For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
Note: The table is based on the controlling section modulus determined for a concentrated load at a 1 ft (0.3 m) cantilever using: a) a maximum
bending stress of l 5 ksi ( 103 MPa) and a concentrated load equal to the weight of l 5 ft (4.6 m) of water-filled pipe plus 250 lb ( 1 1 5 kg) , or b) a
maximum bending stress of 28 ksi ( 193 MPa) and a concentrated load equal to five times the weight of 1 5 ft (4.6 m) of water-filled pipe plus 250 lb
( 1 1 5 kg).

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION 13-151

Chapter 18 Installation Requirements for Seismic Protection 18.2.4* Flexible Couplings for Drops. Flexible couplings for
drops to hose lines, rack sprinklers, mezzanines, and free­
18-1 * Protection of Piping Against Damage Where Subject to standing structures shall be installed regardless of pipe sizes as
Earthquakes. follows:
18. 1 . 1 Where water-based fire protection systems are required (1) Within 24 in. (600 mm) of the top of the drop
to be protected against damage from earthquakes, the require­ (2) Within 24 in. (600 mm) above the uppermost drop
ments of Chapter 18 shall apply, unless the requirements of support attachment, where drop supports are provided to
18.1.2 are met. the structure, rack, or mezzanine
18.1.2 Alternative methods of providing earthquake protec­
(3) Within 24 in. (600 mm) above the bottom of the drop
tion of sprinkler systems based on a seismic analysis certified by where no additional drop support is provided
a registered professional engineer such that system perform­ 18.3* Seismic Separation Assembly.
ance will be at least equal to that of the building structure 18.3.1 An approved seismic separation assembly shall be
under expected seismic forces shall be permitted. installed where sprinkler piping, regardless of size, crosses
18.1.3 Obstructions to Sprinklers. Braces and restraints shall building seismic separation joints at ground level and above.
not obstruct sprinklers and shall comply with the obstruction 18.3.2 Seismic separation assemblies shall consist of flexible
rules of Chapters 10 through 14. fittings or flexible piping so as to allow movement sufficient to
18.2* Flexible Couplings. accommodate closing of the separation, opening of the separa­
18.2.1 Flexible couplings joining grooved end pipe shall be
tion to twice its normal size, and movement relative to the sepa­
provided as flexure joints to allow individual sections of piping ration in the other two dimensions in an amount equal to the
2� in. (65 mm) or larger to move differentially with the indi­ separation distance.
vidual sections of the building to which it is attached. 18.3.3* The seismic separation assembly shall include a four­

18.2.2 Flexible couplings shall be arranged to coincide with

way brace upstream and downstream within 6 ft (1.8 m) of the
structural separations within a building. seismic separation assembly.
18.3.4 Bracing shall not be attached to the seismic separation
18.2.3 Systems having more flexible couplings than required assembly.
by this section shall be provided with additional sway bracing as 18.4* Clearance.
required in 18.5.5.9.
18.2.3.1 The flexible couplings shall be installed as follows: 18.4.1 * Clearance shall be provided around all piping extend­

(1)* Within 24 in. (600 mm) of the top and bottom of all ing through walls, floors, platforms, and foundations, including
risers, unless the following provisions are met: drains, fire department connections, and other auxiliary
piping.
(a) In risers less than 3 ft (900 mm) in length, flexible 18.4.2 Unless any of the requirements of 18.4.3 through
couplings shall be permitted to be omitted. 18.4.7 or 18.4.10 are met, where pipe passes through holes in
(b) In risers 3 ft to 7 ft (900 mm to 2100 mm) in length, platforms, foundations, walls, or floors, the holes shall be sized
one flexible coupling shall be adequate. such that the diameter of the holes is nominally 2 in. (50 mm)
(2) Within 12 in. (300 mm) above and within 24 in. larger than the pipe for pipe 1 in. (25 mm) nominal to 3� in.
(600 mm) below the floor in multistory buildings, unless (90 mm) nominal and 4 in. (100 mm) larger than the pipe for
the following provision is met: pipe 4 in. (100 mm) nominal and larger.
(a)* In risers up to 7 ft (2.1 m) in length terminating 18.4.3 Where clearance is provided by a pipe sleeve, a nomi­
above the roof assembly or top landing, the flexible nal diameter 2 in. (50 mm) larger than the nominal diameter
coupling shall not be required above the landing or of the pipe shall be acceptable for pipe sizes 1 in. (25 mm)
roof assembly. through 3� in. (90 mm), and the clearance provided by a pipe
(3) On both sides of concrete or masonry walls within 1 ft sleeve of nominal diameter 4 in. (100 mm) larger than the
(300 mm) of the wall surface, unless clearance is provi­ nominal diameter of the pipe shall be acceptable for pipe sizes
ded in accordance with Section 18.4 4 in. (100 mm) and larger.
(4)* Within 24 in. (600 mm) of building expansion joints
(5) Within 24 in. (600 mm) of the top of drops exceeding 18.4.4 No clearance shall be required for piping passing
15 ft ( 4.6 m) in length to portions of systems supplying through gypsum board or equally frangible construction.
more than one sprinkler, regardless of pipe size
(6) Within 24 in. (600 mm) above and 24 in. (600 mm) 18.4.5 No clearance shall be required if flexible couplings are
below any intermediate points of support for a riser or located within 1 ft (300 mm) of each side of a wall or if the
other vertical pipe requirements of 18.2.3.1 (2) are met.
18.2.3.2 When the flexible coupling below the floor is above 18.4.6 No clearance shall be required where horizontal piping
the tie-in main to the main supplying that floor, a flexible passes perpendicularly through successive studs or joists that
coupling shall be provided in accordance with one of the form a wall or floorI ceiling assembly.
following: 18.4.7 No clearance shall be required where nonmetallic pipe
(1)* On the horizontal portion within 24 in. (600 mm) of the has been demonstrated to have inherent flexibility equal to or
tie-in where the tie-in is horizontal greater than the minimum provided by flexible couplings loca-
(2)* On the vertical portion of the tie-in where the tie-in incor­
porates a riser
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13-152 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

ted within 1 ft (300 mm) of each side of a wall, floor, platform, 18.5 . 1 .6 Bracing requirements of Section 18.5 shall not apply
or foundation. to drain piping downstream of the drain valve.
18.4.8 Where required, the clearance shall be filled with a 18.5.2 Listing.
flexible material that is compatible with the piping material. 18.5.2.1 Sway bracing assemblies shall be listed for a maxi­
18.4.9 The installed horizontal and upward vertical clearance mum load rating, unless the requirements of 18.5.2.2 are met.
between horizontal sprinkler piping and structural members 18.5.2.2 Where sway bracing utilizing pipe, angles, flats, or
not penetrated or used, collectively or independently, to rods as shown in Table 18.5.11.8(a) through Table 18.5.11.8(£)
support the piping shall be at least 2 in. (50 mm). is used, the components shall not require listing.
18.4. 10* No clearance shall be required where piping is
18.5.2.2.1 Bracing fittings and connections used with those
supported by holes through structural members as permitted specific materials shall be listed.
by 17.1.7.3.
18.4. 1 1 * The installed clearance between a sprinkler and 18.5.2.3* The listed load rating shall be reduced as shown in
structural elements not used collectively or independently to Table 18.5.2.3 to determine the allowable load for installations
support the sprinklers shall be at least 3 in. (75 mm). where the brace is less than 90 degrees from vertical.
18.4. 1 1 . 1 Where sprinklers are installed using flexible sprin­ Table 18.5.2.3 Listed Horizontal Load Adjustment
kler hose, clearance for the sprinkler shall not be required.
18.4. 1 2 Clearance shall not be required for piping that is verti­ Brace Angle Degrees
cally supported by the bottom edge of holes through structural from Vertical Allowable Horizontal Load
members as permitted by 17.1.7.3. 30 to 44 Listed load rating divided by 2.000
18.4. 1 3 No horizontal clearance (tight fit) shall be provided 45 to 59 Listed load rating divided by 1.414
for piping that is laterally supported by the side edges of holes 60 to 89 Listed load rating divided by 1.155
through structural members. 90 Listed load rating
18.4. 13.1 Clearance shall be permitted where piping is
secured to the structural member with an approved hanger or 18.5.2.3. 1 * Maximum allowable horizontal loads shall be
restraint. determined by testing at angles of 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees
18.5* Sway Bracing.
from vertical and confirmed to be equal to or greater than
those calculated using 18.5.2.3.
18.5.1 General. 18.5.2.3.2 For attachments to structures, additional tests shall
18.5. 1 . 1 The system p1pmg shall be braced to resist both be performed at 0 degrees.
lateral and longitudinal horizontal seismic loads and to prevent 18.5.3 Component Material.
vertical motion resulting from seismic loads.
18.5.3.1 Unless permitted by 18.5.3.2, components of sway
18.5.1.2 The structural components to which bracing is brace assemblies shall be ferrous.
attached shall be determined to be capable of resisting the
added applied seismic loads. 18.5.3.2 Nonferrous components that have been proven by
18.5. 1 .3* Horizontal loads on system piping shall be deter­
fire tests to be adequate for the hazard application, that are
mined in accordance with 18.5.9. listed for this purpose, and that are in compliance with the
other requirements of this section shall be acceptable.
18.5. 1 .4* A shared support assembly shall be permitted to 18.5.4 Sway Bracing Design.
support both the gravity loads addressed in 17.1.4.1 and the
seismic loads addressed in 18.5.9. 18.5.4.1 Sway braces shall be designed to withstand forces in
18.5.1.4.1 When a shared support assembly is used to support
tension and compression, unless the requirements of 18.5.4.2
gravity and seismic loads, the structure shall be designed to are met.
support these loads for all pipe and distribution systems on the 18.5.4.2* Tension-only bracing systems shall be permitted for
structure using either 18.5.9.3 or 18.5.9.4 with an importance use where listed for this service and where installed in accord­
factor, Ip, of 1.5 being applied to all of the distribution systems. ance with their listing limitations, including installation instruc­
18.5. 1 .5* If a shared support assembly is used to support
tions.
sprinkler pipe and other distribution systems per 17.1.4.1 and 18.5.4.3 For all braces, whether or not listed, the maximum
that assembly does not provide seismic resistance as required in allowable load shall be based on the weakest component of the
18.5.1.4, the following shall be met: brace with safety factors.
(1) The sprinkler pipe shall be braced using the method in 18.5.5 Lateral Sway Bracing.
18.5.6 with the zone of influence including the water­ 18.5.5.1 * Lateral sway bracing shall be provided on all feed
filled sprinkler pipe and all other distribution systems and cross mains regardless of size and all branch lines and
that are not independently equipped with seismic protec­ other piping with a diameter of 2!--2 in. (65 mm) and larger.
tion and attached to the shared support assembly.
(2) The sprinkler sway bracing attachment shall be connec­
ted to the same building or structure as the shared
support assembly.
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 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION 13-153

18-5-5-L1 Where branch lines are not provided with lateral Table 18.5.5.2(c) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
sway bracing, they shall be provided with restraint in accord­ (lb), (F',= 30 ksi) Schedule 40 Steel Pipe
ance with Section 18.6.
18-5-5-2* The spacing between lateral sway braces shall be in Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (ft)
accordance with either Table 18.5.5.2(a) through Table Pipe (in.)
18.5.5.2(n) or 18.5.5.3, based on the piping material of the Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40
sprinkler system. 1 121 97 79 68 57
18.5.5.2.1 Specially listed nonstandard pipe shall be permitted 1\;4 214 171 140 120 100
using the values in Table 18.5.5.2(e) and Table 18.5.5.2([) or 1� 306 245 201 172 144
with values provided by the manufacturer. 2 520 416 341 292 245
18.5.5.2.2 Spacing shall not exceed a maximum interval of
2� 984 787 645 553 463
40 ft (12 m) on center. 3 1597 1278 1047 897 751
3� 2219 1775 1455 1247 1044
4 2981 2385 1954 1675 1402
5 5061 4049 3317 2843 2381
Table 18.5.5.2(a) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
6 and larger* 7893 6314 5173 4434 3713
Note: ASTM A106 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. = 35 ks1. An
(lb), (F', 30 ksi) Schedule 10 Steel Pipe
F,. = 30 ksi was used as a conservative value to account for differences in
=

material properties as well as other operational stresses.

Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (ft) *Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering
Pipe (in.) analysis.
Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40
1 111 89 73 63 52 Table 18.5.5.2(d) Maximum Load (Fp) in Zone of Influence
1\;4 176 141 116 99 83 (kg) , (Fy 207 N/mrn2) Schedule 40 Steel Pipe
=

1� 241 193 158 136 114

2 390 312 256 219 183 Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (m)
2� 641 513 420 360 301 Pipe (in.)
3 966 773 633 543 454 Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12
3� 1281 1025 840 720 603
4 1634 1307 1071 918 769 25 55 44 36 31 26
5 2814 2251 1844 1581 1324 32 97 78 63 54 45
6 and larger* 4039 3231 2647 2269 1900 40 139 111 91 78 65
Note: ASTM Al06 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. = 35 ksi. An 50 236 189 155 132 111
F, = 30 ksi was used as a conservative value to account for differences in 65 446 357 293 251 210
material properties as well as other operational stresses. 80 724 580 475 407 341
*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering 90 1007 805 660 566 474
analysis. 100 1352 1082 886 760 636
125 2296 1837 1505 1290 1080
Table 18.5.5.2(b) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of lnfluence 150* 3580 2864 2346 2011 1684
(kg) , (F 207 N/mrn2) Schedule 10 Steel Pipe
Y = Note: ASTM Al06 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. =
241 N/mm2 . An F, = 207 N/mm2 was used also as a conservative value
Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (m) to account for differences in material properties as well as other
Diameter of
operational stresses.
Pipe (mrn)
*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering
Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12
analysis.
25 50 40 33 29 24
32 80 64 53 45 38 18.5.5.2.3 The maximum permissible load in the zone of
40 109 88 72 62 52 influence of a sway brace shall not exceed the values given in
50 177 142 116 99 83 Table 18.5.5.2(a) through Table 18.5.5.2(n) or the values calcu­
65 291 233 191 163 137 lated in accordance with 18.5.5.3.
80 438 351 287 246 206
90 581 465 381 327 273 18.5.5.2.4 When determining permissible loads in accordance
100 741 593 486 416 349 with 18.5.5.2 or 18.5.5.2.1 on a main with varying sizes, the
125 1276 1021 836 717 601 allowable load shall be based on the smallest pipe size within
150* 1832 1466 1201 1029 862 the zone of influence.
Note: ASTM Al06 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. = 18.5.5.3 The maximum load (FJ,w) in the zone of influence for
241 N/mm2 . An F,. = 207 N/mm2 was used also as a conservative value specially listed pipe shall be calculated. (See Annex E.)
to account for differences in material properties as well as other
operational stresses. 18.5.5.4 The requirements of 18. 5 .5.1 shall not apply to 2� in.
*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering (65 mm) starter pieces that do not exceed 12 ft (3.7 m) in
analysis. length.
Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition
13-154 INSTALlATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Table 18-5-5-2(e) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence Table 18.5.5.2(h) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
(lb) , (F, 30 ksi) Schedule 5 Steel Pipe
= (kg), (F, = 55 N/mm2) CPVC Pipe

Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (ft) Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (m)
Pipe (in-) Pipe (in.)
Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40 Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12
1 71 56 46 40 33 20 7 5 5 4 3
1\-4 116 93 76 65 55 25 13 10 8 7 6
1 Yz 154 124 101 87 73 32 25 20 17 14 12
2 246 197 161 138 116 40 38 30 25 20 18
2 Yz 459 367 301 258 216 50 73 59 48 39 34
3 691 552 453 388 325 65 130 104 85 70 61
3 Yz 910 728 597 511 428 80 234 187 153 126 110
4* 1160 928 760 652 546
Note: ASTM Al06 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. = 35 ksi. An
F, = 30 ksi was used as a conservative value to account for differences in Table 18.5.5.2(i) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone o f Influence
material properties as well as other operational stresses. (lb), (F, 30 ksi) Type M Copper Tube (with Soldered Joints)
=

*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering

analysis. Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (ft)
Pipe (in.)
Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40
Table 18.5.5.2(£) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence 'Y. 16 13 10 9 8
(kg) , (F, = 207 N/mm2) Schedule 5 Steel Pipe 1 29 24 19 16 14
1\-4 53 42 35 28 25
Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (m) 1 Yz 86 69 56 46 41
Pipe (mm) 2* 180 144 118 97 85
Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12 '·'Larger d1ameter p1pe can b e used when JUStified by engmeenng
analysis.
25 32 25 21 18 15
32 53 42 34 29 25 Table 18.5.5.2G) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
40 70 56 46 39 33
50 112 89 73 63 53 (kg) , (F, = 3207 N/mm2 ) Type M Copper Tube (with Soldered
65 208 166 137 117 98 Joints)
80 313 250 205 176 147
90 413 330 271 232 194 Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (m)
100* 526 421 345 296 248 Pipe (in.)
Note: ASTM Al06 Grade B or ASTM A53 Grade B has an F,. = Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12
241 N/mm2 . An F,. = 207 N/mm2 was used also as a conservative value
to account for differences in material properties as well as other 20 7.3 5.9 5 4.1 3.6
operational stresses. 25 13.2 10.9 8.6 7.3 6.4
*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering 32 24 19.1 15.9 12.7 11.3
analysis. 40 39 31.3 25.4 20.9 18.6
50* 81.6 65.3 53 44 38.6
�Larger d1ameter p1pe can be used when JUStified by engmeenng

Table 18.5.5.2(g) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence

analysis.

(lb) , (F, 8 ksi) CPVC Pipe

=

Table 18.5.5.2(k) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence

Diameter of Lateral Sway Brace Spacing (ft) (lb) , (F, = 9 ksi) Type M Copper Tube (with Brazed Joints)
Pipe (in.)
Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40 Diameter of Lateral Sway Spacing (ft)
Pipe (in.)
'Y. 15 12 10 8 7 Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40
1 28 22 18 15 13
1\-4 56 45 37 30 26 'Y. 6 5 4 3 3
1 Yz 83 67 55 45 39 1 11 9 7 6 5
2 161 129 105 87 76 1\-4 20 16 13 12 10
2Yz 286 229 188 154 135 1 Yz 33 27 22 19 16
3 516 413 338 278 243 2* 70 56 46 39 33
�Larger d1ameter p1pe can be used when JUStified by engmeenng
analysis.

2022 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Ll = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.
 INSTALlATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION 13-155

N Table 18.5.5.2(1) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence 18.5.5.9 Where flexible couplings are installed on mains other
(kg), ( � = 62 N/mm2) Type M Copper Tube (with Brazed than as required in Section 18.2, a lateral brace shall be provi­
Joints) ded within 24 in. (600 mm) of every other coupling, including
flexible couplings at grooved fittings, but not more than 40 ft
Diameter of Lateral Sway Spacing (m)
(12 m) on center.
Pipe (mm) 18.5.5.10* The lateral sway bracing required by 18.5.5 shall be
Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12 permitted to be omitted when 18.5.5.10.1 for branch lines or
20 3 2 2 1 1 18.5.5.10.2 for mains is met.
25 5 4 3 3 2 18.5.5.10.1 Branch lines shall comply with the following:
32 9 7 6 5 5 (1)* The branch lines shall be individually supported within
40 15 12 10 9 7 6 in. (150 mm) of the structure, measured between the
50* 32 25 21 18 15 top of the pipe and the point of attachment to the build­
*Larger diameter pipe can b e used when justified b y engineering ing structure.
analysis. (2) At least 75 percent of all the hangers on the branch line
shall meet the requirements of 18.5.5.10.1 (1).
Table 18.5.5.2(m) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
(3) Consecutive hangers on the branch line shall not be
(lb), (� = 9 ksi) Red Brass Pipe (with Brazed Joints)
permitted to exceed the limitation in 18.5.5.10.1(1).
18.5.5.10.2 Mains shall comply with all the following:

Diameter of Lateral Sway Spacing (ft) (1)* The main piping shall be individually supported within
Pipe (in.) 6 in. (150 mm) of the structure, measured between the
Being Braced 20 25 30 35 40 top of the pipe and the point of attachment to the build­
ing structure.
� 34 27 22 19 16 (2) At least 75 percent of all the hangers on the main shall
1 61 49 40 35 29 meet the requirements of 18.5.5 .10.2(1).
1� 116 93 76 65 55 (3) Consecutive hangers on the main shall not be permitted
1 Yz 161 129 105 90 76 to exceed the limitation in 18.5.5.10.2(1)
2* 272 218 178 153 128 (4) The seismic coefficient ( Cp) shall not exceed 0.5.
*Larger diameter pipe can be used when justified by engineering (5) The nominal pipe diameter shall not exceed 6 in.
analysis. (150 mm) for feed mains and 4 in. (100 mm) for cross
mains.
N Table 18.5.5.2(n) Maximum Load (Fpw) in Zone of Influence
(6) Hangers shall not be omitted in accordance with 17.4.4.3,
17.4.4.4, or 17.4.4.5.
(lb), (� 62 N/mm2) Red Brass Pipe (with Brazed Joints)
=
18.5.5.10.3 Branch lines permitted to omit lateral sway brac­
ing by 18.5.5.10 shall not be omitted from load calculations for
Diameter of Lateral Sway Spacing (m) the mains serving them in 18.5.9.6.
Pipe (mm)
18.5.5. 1 1 The lateral sway bracing required by 18.5.5 shall be
Being Braced 6.1 7.6 9.1 11 12
permitted to be omitted when 18.5.5.11.1 for branch lines or
20 15 12 10 9 7 18.5.5.11.2 for mains is met.
25 28 22 18 16 13 18.5.5. 1 1 . 1 Branch lines shall comply with the following:
32 53 42 35 30 25 (1) The branch lines shall be individually supported by wrap­
40 73 59 48 41 35 around u-hooks or u-hooks arranged to keep pipe tight to
50* 124 99 81 70 58 the structural element, provided the legs are bent out at
�Larger d1ameter p1pe can be used whenJUStlfied by engmeenng
analysis.
least 30 degrees from the vertical and the maximum
length of each leg and the rod size satisfies the conditions
of Table 18.5.ll.S(a) through Table 18.5.11.8(£), or the
18.5.5.5 The distance between the last brace and the end of length of the rod shall be calculated.
the pipe shall not exceed 6 ft (1.8 m). (2) At least 75 percent of all the hangers on the branch line
18.5.5.6 Where there is a change in direction of the piping,
shall meet the requirements of 18.5.5.11.1 (1).
the cumulative distance between consecutive lateral sway braces (3) Consecutive hangers on the branch line shall not be
shall not exceed the maximum permitted distance in accord­ permitted to exceed the limitation in 18.5.5.11.1(1).
ance with 18.5.5.2.2. 18.5.5.1 1.2 Mains shall comply with all the following:

18.5.5.7 The last length of pipe at the end of a feed or cross (1) The main piping shall be individually supported by wrap­
main shall be provided with a lateral brace. around u-hooks or u-hooks arranged to keep pipe tight to
18.5.5.8 Lateral braces shall be allowed to act as longitudinal
the structural element provided the legs are bent out at
braces if they are within 24 in. (600 mm) of the centerline of least 30 degrees from the vertical and the maximum
the piping braced longitudinally and the lateral brace is on a length of each leg and rod size satisfies the conditions of
pipe of equal or greater size than the pipe being braced longi­ Table 18.5.11.8(a) through Table 18.5.11.8(£).
tudinally. (2) At least 75 percent of all the hangers on the main shall
meet the requirements of 18.5.5.11.2(1).
Shaded text = Revisions. .0. = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material. 2022 Edition