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Great maps 1 American edition. Edition Jerry Brotton
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Jerry Brotton
ISBN(s): 9781465424631, 1465424636
Edition: 1 American edition.
File Details: PDF, 99.50 MB
Year: 2014
Language: english
GREATMAPS
GREATMAPS
JERRY BROTTON
 LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH,
MELBOURNE, DELHI

Editorial Team Catherine Saunders, Hugo Wilkinson

US Editors Margaret Parrish, Jane Perlmutter
Senior Art Editor Gillian Andrews

Contents
Senior Designer Stephen Bere
Producer, Pre-Production Lucy Sims
Senior Producer Mandy Inness
Picture Research Sarah Smithies, Roland Smithies
Jacket Designer Laura Brim
Jacket Editor Maud Whatley
Managing Editor Stephanie Farrow
Senior Managing Art Editor Lee Griffiths
Preface 6 Catalan Atlas 62
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Art Director Phil Ormerod Introduction 8 Abraham Cresques
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
Bedolina Petroglyph 20 Kangnido Map 66
DK INDIA Unknown Kwŏn Kŭn
Editor Esha Banerjee
Babylonian World Map 22 Portolan Chart 68
Art Editor Pooja Pipil
Unknown Zuane Pizzigano
Assistant Art Editor Tanvi Sahu
DTP Designers Shankar Prasad, Vijay Kandwal Ptolemy’s World Map 24 Fra Mauro’s World Map 72
Managing Editor Kingshuk Ghoshal Fra Mauro
Claudius Ptolemy
Managing Art Editor Govind Mittal
Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh Peutinger Map 28 Juan de la Cosa’s World Chart 76
Production Manager Pankaj Sharma Unknown Juan de la Cosa

SMITHSONIAN ENTERPRISES

CLASSICAL MAPS DISCOVERY AND TRAVEL

Product Development Coordinator Kealy Wilson
Licensing Manager Ellen Nanney
Vice President, Education and Brigid Ferraro
Consumer Products

Senior Vice President, Education Carol LeBlanc

1500 bce–1300 ce 1300–1570
and Consumer Products

First American Edition, 2014 Madaba Mosaic Map 32 Map of Venice 80

Unknown Jacopo de’ Barbari
Published in the United States by
DK Publishing, 4th floor, 345 Hudson Street, Dunhuang Star Chart 36 Map of Imola 84
New York, New York 10014 Li Chunfeng Leonardo da Vinci

14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Book of Curiosities 40 First Map of America 86
001–272280–August/2014 Unknown Martin Waldseemüller

Copyright © 2014 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Map of the Tracks of Yu 44 Piri Re’is Map 90
All rights reserved Unknown Piri Re’is

Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, Entertainment for He Who Longs to 46 Map of Utopia 94
no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or Travel the World Ambrosius Holbein
introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or Al-SharĪf al-IdrĪsĪ Map of Au urg 96
by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the Sawley Map 50 Jörg Seld
copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. Unknown Universal Chart 100
Published in Great Britain by Carte Pisane 52 Diogo Ribeiro
Dorling Kindersley Limited. Unknown Aztec Map of Tenochtitlan 104
A catalog record for this book is Hereford Mappa Mundi 56 Unknown
available from the Library of Congress
Richard of Haldingham New France 106
ISBN 978–1–4654–2463–1 Giacomo Gastaldi
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk A New and Enlarged Description 110
for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. of the Earth
For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson
Gerard Mercator
Street, New York, New York 10014 or SpecialSales@dk.com.

Printed and bound in Hong Kong

Discover more at www.dk.com

Established in 1846, the Smithsonian—the world’s largest museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries
and the National Zoological Park. The total number of artifacts, works of art, and specimens in the Smithsonian’s collections
AUTHOR’S NOTE is estimated at 137 million, much of which is contained in the National Museum of Natural History, which holds more than
126 million specimens and objects. The Smithsonian is a renowned research center, dedicated to public education, national service,
This book is dedicated to my father,
and scholarship in the arts, sciences, and history.
Alan Brotton
 Jain Cosmological Map 168
Map of Northumbria 116 Unknown
Christopher Saxton A Map of the British Colonies 172 International Map of 212
Vatican Gallery of Maps 118 in North America the World
Egnazio Danti John Mitchell Albrecht Penck

The Molucca Islands 122 Indian World Map 176 London Underground Map 216
Petrus Plancius Unknown Harry Beck

Map of the Ten Thousand 126 Map of All Under Heaven 180 Dymaxion Map 220
Countries of the Earth Unknown Buckminster Fuller
Matteo Ricci, Li Zhizao, A Delineation of the Strata 184 Lunar Landings Map 224
and Zhang Wentao of England and Wales with NASA
The Selden Map 130 Part of Scotland Equal Area World Map 226
Unknown William Smith Arno Peters

NEW DIRECTIONS THEMATIC MAPS MODERN MAPPING

AND BELIEFS 1570–1750 1750–1900 1900 TO PRESENT
Nautical Chart 134 Japan, Hokkaido to Kyushu 188 World Ocean Floor 230
Zheng He Inō Tadataka Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen
Map of the “Inhabited Quarter” 138 “Indian Territory” Map 190 Mappa 232
Sadiq Isfahani Henry Schenck Tanner Alighiero Boetti
New Map of the World 142 John Snow’s Cholera Map 192 Cartogram 236
Joan Blaeu John Snow Worldmapper
Britannia Atlas Road Map 146 Slave Population of the 194 Nova Utopia 240
John Ogilby Southern States of the US Stephen Walter
Map of New England 150 Edwin Hergesheimer Google Earth 244
John Foster Dr. Livingstone’s Map of Africa 198 Google
Corrected Map of France 154 David Livingstone
Jean Picard and Philippe de La Hire Missionary Map 202 INDEX 248
Map of the Holy Land 156 Unknown
Abraham Bar-Jacob Descriptive Map of London 204 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 255
Land Passage to California 160 Poverty, 1898–9
Eusebio Francisco Kino Charles Booth

New Map of France 162 Marshall Islands Stick Chart 208

César-François Cassini de Thury Unknown
 7

Preface
Today, maps are regarded primarily as locational or navigational tools.
Made of paper or, more likely, accessed digitally, they provide information
about our surroundings or guide us from one place to another with maximum
speed and efficiency. However, throughout history, maps have served a
variety of purposes. In fact, ever since mankind first learned how to make
graphic marks on rock up to 40,000 years ago, people have created maps as
a way of conceptualizing themselves in relation to their environment. Thus,
maps are as much about existence as they are about orientation. Processing
our surroundings spatially is a basic human activity that psychologists
call “cognitive mapping.” While other animals demarcate their territories,
we are the only species capable of mapping ours.

MAKING SENSE OF THE WORLD

So, what is a map? The word “map” was first used in English in the
16th century and, despite more than 300 subsequent, competing
interpretations of the term, most scholars now broadly agree that a map can
be defined as “a graphic representation that presents a spatial understanding
of things, concepts, or events in the human world.” Although this definition
might seem vague, it frees maps from the constraints of being considered
merely scientific tools, and allows an extraordinary array of renditions to
coexist under the title of “maps”—celestial, astrological, topographical,
theological, spiritual, statistical, political, navigational, imaginative, and
artistic. Such a broad definition also embraces the sheer variety of different
cultural traditions, including what, how, and why different communities have
made and do make maps, from the Greek pinax and the Latin mappa, to the
Chinese tu and the Arabic șūrah. Many of these different traditions are
described in the following pages, which start with a map carved in stone more
than 3,500 years ago, and then explore examples made using clay, mosaic,
papyrus, animal skin, paper, and electronic media.
Great Maps features a diverse selection of maps made during key moments
in world history, and explains how they provide important answers to the
most urgent questions of their eras. This book presents mapmaking as a truly
global phenomenon—it is an activity common to every race, culture, and
creed, although each one has very a distinctive way of mapping its particular
world. The book also reveals that, despite the claims of many mapmakers
throughout history, there is no such thing as a perfect map. Maps are always
subjective, and there are invariably many different ways of mapping the
same area. Great Maps is broken down into five chronological chapters, but
this does not mean that the history of maps is one that becomes gradually
more scientifically accurate and “correct” as we approach the modern age.
Instead, each section explains how maps answer the specific needs of their
intended audience, so that a 13th-century religious map that puts Jerusalem
at its center is as “true” to its original audience as the digital maps many
of us regularly consult on our cell phones today.
 INTRODUCTION
„ Classical Maps

„ Discovery and Travel

„ New Directions and Beliefs

„ Thematic Maps

„ Modern Mapping
10 INTRODUCTION

Classical Maps
In the classical world, which comprised the pre-Christian geometry and other mathematics to draw his maps of
Babylonian, Persian, Greek, and Roman empires, maps the Earth. He also calculated the planet’s circumference
fulfilled a variety of functions—celebrating imperial world for the first time and, amazingly, was within 1,250–2,500
views, explaining creation, describing the heavens, or miles (2,000–4,000 km) of its correct measurement. Later,
visualizing religious beliefs. Their use in travel itineraries Eratosthenes’s scientific methods were adopted by
and navigation developed much later and was often Claudius Ptolemy, whose own book Geography (150 CE)
secondary, because their scale and detail were initially listed the coordinates of 8,000 places in the Greco-
limited. One of the difficulties scholars face when Roman world, and explained how to use geometry and
assessing maps from the classical era is that there are mathematics to insert them into a grid of latitude
very few still in existence. Surviving written accounts and longitude known as a graticule.
reveal that world and regional maps were being drawn
as early as the 7th century BCE. Books known as Periodos BEYOND SCIENCE
Gēs (“Circuit of the Earth”) included maps showing the Elsewhere, other mapmakers had little interest in
world as a flat disk surrounded by water, encompassing following the Greek tradition and using science to make
Europe, Asia, and Africa. their point. The Peutinger Map, for example, is a long,
By the Platonic era (427–347 BCE), the Greeks knew distorted survey of the Roman Empire as it began to
that the Earth was spherical, and Aristotle (384–322 BCE) fragment in the 4th century CE. Religious maps such as
argued that it could also be divided into different klimata the Madaba mosaic and the medieval mappae mundi
(climates). By the third century BCE, Alexandria in Egypt use theology rather than geometry to orient themselves.
had become a renowned center for geographical study, In China, astrological charts such as the Dunhuang Star
thanks to its fabled library. Eratosthenes (c.275–c.194 BCE), Chart try to show how the movement of the heavens
the chief librarian, wrote one of the first of several books above affected mankind below. Others, such as the
to be titled Geography, in which he described and Map of the Tracks of Yu do offer a measured grid within
mapped the entire known world. Eratosthenes used which to map the empire, but one that used very different

1 PTOLEMY’S WORLD MAP Ptolemy plotted the ecumene (known world), which for him stretched from the
Canary Islands in the West to Korea in the East, with a huge Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean in the middle.
 CLASSICAL MAPS 11

When the observer looks at these maps

and these countries explained,
he sees a true description
and pleasing form
AL-SHARIF AL-IDRISI, ENTERTAINMENT FOR HE WHO LONGS
TO TRAVEL THE WORLD

calculations from those developed by the Greeks. Many

classical maps were created solely to be used by the
elite—emperors, scholars, and holy men—but others
were made for more practical purposes. Across the
Mediterranean Sea, both Muslims and Christians were
making portolan charts, navigational maps with no
agenda other than ensuring a safe voyage. Usually
unadorned and concentrating on drawing and naming
coastlines, these maps were used by merchants and
pilots whose livelihoods and future prosperity depended
on them getting from one place to another quickly
and safely. These types of maps, such as those in the
Egyptian Book of Curiosities and the earliest surviving
1 HEREFORD MAPPA MUNDI The original function of this map is
example of a portolan chart, the Carte Pisane, pointed
unknown, but the inscriptions relate to medieval geography, theology,
cartography in a new direction. cosmology, and zoology.

1 THE BOOK OF CURIOSITIES This map combines practical navigation uses with an Islamic world view.
South is at the top and both the Arabian Peninsula and the holy city of Mecca are prominently featured.
12 INTRODUCTION

Discovery and Travel

The beautifully illustrated but fantastical Catalan Atlas appears to show a collection of “phantom” islands,
depicts an inhabited world in 1375 that stretches from which historians speculate may represent the Caribbean,
Portugal to China and is full of bizarre creatures and or even the Americas—70 years before their official
mythical lands. However, less than 200 years later, “discovery” by Christopher Columbus. Over in Korea,
Gerard Mercator’s New and Enlarged Description of the Kwŏn Kŭn also offered some surprisingly accurate details.
Earth represents the world as we understand it today. His Kangnido map seems to depict a circumnavigable
Remarkable changes took place between the late 14th southern Africa at least 80 years before the Portuguese
century and the late 16th century—so much so that the took credit for discovering it.
period is often known as the “Age of Discovery”—and yet
many of them might never have happened without MARITIME AND PHILOSOPHICAL MAPS
some of the maps discussed in this book. As European, This was a period in which, despite great innovations
Ottoman, and Chinese explorers began to travel to places in the science of mapmaking, long-distance maritime
beyond their realms, they required maps—first to help travel remained hazardous and maps were often
them get there (usually by sea) and then to show off their disorienting or distorted. Juan de la Cosa produced
overseas possessions once they had claimed them. the first map showing Columbus’s landfall in the
To make the Portuguese maritime expeditions out into Americas, but he uses two completely different scales
the northern Atlantic possible in the early 15th century, for the Old and New Worlds. Diogo Ribeiro’s universal
explorers had to modify the Mediterranean portolan chart, on the other hand, is one of the earliest
sailing charts and navigate using the stars. The resulting examples of cartographic propaganda, manipulating
charts include Zuane Pizzigano’s portolan chart of 1424. the position of the Moluccas spice islands to promote
Apparently straightforward, on closer inspection it Spain’s claims to them. Only the western half of a

2 JUAN DE LA COSA’S WORLD CHART The eastern part of the map uses
Ptolemy’s scale to represent Europe, Africa, and Asia, while the western
half uses a much larger scale to show the Americas.
 DISCOVERY AND TRAVEL 13

mysterious world map created by Ottoman admiral

Piri Re’is remains. It presented a projection that still
Maps codify the miracle
baffles modern cartographers. of existence
The discovery of these new worlds also inspired
NICHOLAS CRANE, MERCATOR: THE MAN WHO
more philosophical maps. The publication of Thomas MAPPED THE PLANET
More’s book Utopia in 1516 was partly the result of
Spanish exploration in the Americas, and it generated
a new genre of utopian writing that described an island helped their owners to conquer, rule, or defend
populated by an ideal society. Ambrosius Holbein’s the territories they depicted. This desire can also be
map, created to illustrate More’s book, is the first in identified in early 16th-century city maps of Venice
a long line of maps of this famous, fictional island, and Augsburg, Leonardo da Vinci’s beautiful map of
continuing all the way to British artist Stephen Walter Imola (even though it was a map of military strategy
and his 2013 work, Nova Utopia. designed to repel potential invaders), and the Aztec
map of Tenochtitlan, which captures an urban
EMBRACING SCIENCE geometry particular to the pre-Columbian Mexica
What unites many of the practical maps of this era people just before the destruction of the Aztec
is the desire to use new scientific methods to measure Empire. If this was a period when maps showed new
the space they represent. In Europe, Ptolemy’s legacy worlds and ideas, it was also a time when the art of
led mapmakers to turn gradually away from theology, the mapmaker was beginning to be seen as a useful
and instead to use geometric map projections and tool in wielding political, military, and economic
regional surveying methods to create maps that power, both at home and abroad.

1 FIRST MAP OF AMERICA Despite spanning 12 sheets, Martin 1 AZTEC MAP OF TENOCHTITLAN Maps created by the Aztecs, such as this one,
Waldseemüller’s map struggles to contain all the latest discoveries, giving have a unique cartographic style, using a mixture of geometry, hieroglyphics,
it a strange, bulbous shape that threatens to break out of its frame. and mythical imagery to present their world view.
14 INTRODUCTION

New Directions and Beliefs

As the world map that we now recognize came slowly knowledge, although the map’s primary function
into focus during the 17th century, cartography became was to persuade the Chinese to adopt a Christian
increasingly specialized. Thanks to developments in God. Meanwhile, the proselyte Abraham Bar-Jacob
printing, maps could also reach a wider audience. As produced a Holy Land map designed for use in the
a result, they became a more commercial enterprise, Jewish Passover Seder celebrations. The diffusion
employing teams of craftsmen and scholars, who were of scientific mapping methods reached India and
commissioned by various interest groups to represent fused with south Asian mapping traditions to
their beliefs. In Britain, John Ogilby saw the map’s produce beautiful maps of the “inhabited quarter”
potential as a road atlas, while across the English Channel, of the world, as seen by Mughal Indian scholars,
the Cassini family drew on French royal patronage to such as Sadiq Isfahani. These new cartographic
develop new scientific techniques in surveying. The techniques were also exported westward, enabling
Cassinis’ New Map of France was not only the first colonists in previously uncharted places, such as
comprehensive survey of a nation, predating the earliest North America, to survey and publish their own
British Ordnance Survey maps by decades, but it was also maps. John Foster’s crude but highly effective
popular with French republicans—both during and after map of puritan settlements focuses on the eastern
the 1789 revolution—who “nationalized” the map and side of America, while on the other side of the
promoted it as a symbol of their nation, free of monarchy. continent the Jesuit Eusebio Kino was able to prove
once and for all that California was not an island.
THE CHANGING ROLE OF MAPS As the world became more explicable, it began to
Others took the map’s growing power in different shrink, and the mapmaker’s role changed from that
directions. Matteo Ricci’s imposing world map of a savant to that of an administrator, slowly filling
is a remarkable fusion of east–west cartographic in the blanks across the Earth’s surface.

1 MAP OF THE HOLY LAND Bar-Jacob’s 17th-century map celebrated the Jewish Holy Land. It was reproduced
in a prayer book and had little interest in enabling travelers to actually find their way across the region.
 THEMATIC MAPS 15

Thematic Maps
The 19th century was the great age of thematic Just a decade later, Henry Schenck Tanner produced
mapping, particularly in the Western world; this was maps that were used by the US Congress to help
the era in which new ways of capturing and representing facilitate the “relocation” of Native American tribes.
statistical information could be combined with the map’s During this period, European mapping methods were
graphic design to create a powerful visual statement. also used to disseminate the values of Western religion
The widespread introduction of national censuses at and culture across the globe, especially in places such
the beginning of the century provided mapmakers as Africa. Dr. David Livingstone’s seemingly innocent
with a torrent of data on a variety of subjects, from map of Africa belies his aggressive attempt to introduce
poverty, wealth, and disease to race, religion, and commerce and Christianity to the so-called dark
slavery. New developments in design and distribution continent, while the explicitly evangelical Missionary
also brought maps to ever wider audiences, as techniques Map put forth American preacher William Miller’s
such as lithographic printing allowed them to be Adventist beliefs. These, and many other contemporary
published in color, in a fraction of the time and at a maps, presumed to lay claim to people and territories
much lower cost than traditional engraving methods. over which they had no natural rights.
However, while some mapmakers simply looked
MAPS AND SOCIAL CHANGE to impose their value systems upon the world,
Increasingly, maps were also being used by governments others pursued more progressive agendas. Edwin
and various learned institutions to advance all kinds of Hergesheimer’s map of the Slave Population of the
political and social engineering programs. In 1815, as Southern States of the US provided a shocking graphic
William Smith proposed the first national geological map that was adopted by US President Abraham Lincoln
in Britain, Inō Tadataka was painstakingly mapping the when he campaigned for the abolition of slavery during
entire Japanese coastline for the Tokugawa shogunate. the American Civil War (1861–65). In 19th-century
Britain, social policy was influenced by the thematic
cartography of reformers such as John Snow, whose
cholera map transformed epidemiology, and Charles
Booth, who applied wealth data to a map of London,
and discovered that the true extent of poverty was far
greater than he had imagined. In places such as India
and Korea maps celebrating themes of faith and myth
continued to be made, happily coexisting alongside
their more scientific counterparts.

Neither the historian nor

the cartographer can ever
reproduce the reality they are
trying to communicate
1 LONDON POVERTY MAP Social campaigner Charles Booth used a
color-coded system to present his poverty data clearly and effectively. CRANE BRINTON, AMERICAN HISTORIAN
16 INTRODUCTION

Modern Mapping
In the 20th and 21st centuries, cartography has took over his project and used it for military purposes
traveled in many different directions. Although the during World War I. Meanwhile, radicals and visionaries
world has fewer mysteries, the scope for mapmaking such as Arno Peters and Buckminster Fuller proposed
has not diminished, and some truly great maps have completely new projections for mapping the world,
been created during this period. However, many rejecting traditional views that they regarded as
have been criticized for presenting deeply ideological Eurocentric or lacking in environmental awareness.
views of the modern world, or, worse, have been This has led to the creation of some truly weird and
usurped by others in order to promote their own wonderful maps. Indeed, Fuller’s Dymaxion Map
agendas. In fact, modern cartographers are often and Danny Dorling’s series of cartograms prove
confronted with a troublesome paradox: they have that the most “accurate” maps are often those that
proved time and again that any map is merely a appear the most distorted. It is hardly surprising
selective and partial depiction of a territory, but that these innovations have attracted artists to the
this very fact makes their work a powerful tool, and world of maps. Alighiero Boetti and Stephen Walter
therefore subject to appropriation by those eager to are just two of the artists who have been inspired
use maps for military, political, ideological, or to play with the endless possibilities of color, shape,
propaganda purposes. language, and politics of maps in their work.

POWER AND ART 20TH CENTURY PROGRESS

Albrecht Penck tried and failed to produce a uniform By the late 1960s, mankind could travel virtually
map of the whole world on a scale of 1:1,000,000. anywhere, so little stood in the way of mapmakers.
In the end, he could only watch helplessly as generals As a result, cartographers have been able to map a

1 THE “MILLIONTH MAP” Penck’s vision for the International Map 1 WORLD OCEAN FLOOR The first map of the entire ocean floor was only
of the World involved every nation creating their own map at the created in 1977, thanks to US geologists Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen,
same scale. It was an ambitious project and, ultimately, a doomed one. and Austrian landscape painter Heinrich Berann.
 MODERN MAPPING 17

huge range of places, from the depths of the ocean

to far-flung extraterrestrial worlds. In the late 1970s,
You can’t create a perfect
geologists Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen not only map. You never will
extensively mapped the ocean floor for the first
DANNY DORLING, BRITISH SOCIAL GEOGRAPHER
time, but were also able to prove the veracity of
continental drift once and for all. At the other end
of the map spectrum, NASA achieved something computer or cell-phone user can now zoom across the
that scientists such as Galileo and Riccioli could planet in seconds, accessing maps at extraordinary
only have dreamed of in the 17th century, when levels of resolution.
they finally mapped the Moon.
THE FUTURE OF MAPS
THE DIGITAL AGE While digital applications signal a whole new era of
In the 21st century, maps have swapped paper for mapping—one that surely marks the twilight of paper
pixels and moved into the digital age. The development maps—many of the issues facing modern mapmakers are
of computer-generated Geographical Information the same as those that confronted the Babylonians, more
Systems (GIS) since the 1960s has also given scientists, than 2,500 years ago. What should go on the map, and
rather than cartographers, the ability to map the whole what should be left out? Who pays for a map, and who
world in unprecedented detail. This has culminated will use it? Regardless of the medium, it would seem
in what internet service providers such as Google that great maps will always be necessary. After all, they
now call “geospatial applications.” Thanks to hitherto provide answers to humanity’s most enduring questions:
unimaginable amounts of geographical data, any “Where am I?” and even, “Who am I?”

1 LUNAR LANDINGS MAP Humans had been trying to map the Moon since the 1 GOOGLE EARTH Users can zoom in on their country, town, and
17th century, but finally succeeded in 1969. Although mankind finally reached even their street, on these high-resolution, digital geospatial maps,
the Moon in that year, the map was created using images from observatories. which can be accessed via computers, tablets, and cell phones.
 1500bce–1300ce
CLASSICAL
MAPS
„ Bedolina Petroglyph

„ Babylonian World Map

„ Ptolemy’s World Map

„ Peutinger Map

„ Madaba Mosaic Map

„ Dunhuang Star Chart

„ The Book of Curiosities

„ Map of the Tracks of Yu

„ Entertainment for He Who

Longs to Travel the World

„ Sawley Map

„ Carte Pisane

„ Hereford Mappa Mundi

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The text on this page is estimated to be only 23.75%
accurate

TJEN. 5857-5867 TJEN. &£& i Mourning ; the ropes iv/u

attached to the bier held 5857 by mourners. (From Nos. 4547;
3735.) I U mourning apparel. 331 An earthen jar. The archway under
a city gate. Also read ong. (From Nos. 5752; 1511; 5858 2658;
2954.) | [g| the inclosure of a city gate at Peking | (££ a water-jar. |
}|ij| the archway underneath a city-gate. I M $1 fll a round window
and a string door-pivot — great poverty. )3 Firm; secure. Distinguish
R No. 2598. (From Nos. 1697 ; 4406 ; 5859 2597.) I £ or H ^ or If
{* ,or £ f§ stable ;■ safe ; steady; secure; reliable. | K grave ;
reserved ; formal I & or It EO fi™1 ! fixe(i 5 strong. yfcrtl 3 To cut
across. 5860 (From Nos. 5040; 5747.) I Pi or i #|J or %\\ U or #|J ft
to cut one's throat. I US JsC a friendship that would lead persons to
die for each other. I M &> £ m (J am ready) to cut my throat to
show that I am in earnest. m The corners of the mouth ; the lips. H
RJ {From Nos. 2881 ; 4466 ; 5861 5747; 3751.) |5j 1 To feed a
prisoner; •HO- compassionate. 5862 (From Nos. 3758 ; 1023;) ■it\R
3 An old woman. 5863 (From Nos. 3921 ; 5862.) [ H a midwife ; a
female corpseexaminer. | Jg an old maid. | jp$ the Goddess of Earth.
i»|3 i Indignant. To be hated. 5864 (From Nos. 2167; 5862.) I M or
fg ^ irritated; angry. I -f: fli ij* I am hated by the herd of mean
creatures. yjPJ 2 Warm ; mild ; genial. iJlIl To review, as a lesson.
5865 (From Nos. 4900; 5862.) %H amiable; good-natured; genial. J|
[ honest ; bland. ^ to hold in one's embraces. fj£ meek ; gentle. ?jf
tonics. ^jf to review a lesson ; to refresh one's memory — of books.
!§ a warm regard for. JH a genial breeze. f@ warm and full ; fed and
clothed, fg kind words. % hot springs. J£ gentle and good ; amiable.
TflC warm water. ^ warm. ^ to repeat again and a-gain ; to
practise. % genial and irascible; warm ■ and fiery, etc. ff 'ff to renew
old associations ; to talk over old times, fm W A a gentleman. i!sJC
W J9J if to go over the old and add new. >}|3j x Epidemic ;
pestilence ; Xint plague. 5866 (From Nos. 3844; 5862.) I M or IS ifc
or £ J(g or Jg Jig prevailing disease ; plague; pestilence. | jj| *ne
demon of pestilence. | 3J[£ malaria; infection. | ^ a murrian among
cattle ; rhinderpest. [ M M plague take him ! *^f* 2 Literature ;
literary acS^ complishments. Elegant; 5867 refined. Streaks; lines.
Civil, as opposed to military. N. A. The 67th Radical. | j|£ the sense
or purport of a document. f ff books ; documents. I A or jj£ ^? or
]S£ dt a literary raan. [ it£ or jSC fS an official despatch. I* style. |
13 expressions ; composition; written language. f •$$ a literary
association. [ j|, stationery. [ i£ characters ; writing ; literature, [ Jg
the literary style. | 'jjf a civil magistrate. | 2§£ an essay; whatever is
figured or brilliant; orderly and defined. [ §j^ a despatch stating. .. .
| 3jC or ]£ %% fp draft of a despatch. | fg literary talk. | $ literary
talents. | 9$£ literary in taste ; elegant ; ornamental. | }£ grammar;
rules of composition. | |S civil officials. [ jq the head of letters — a
title of m A(534 )
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accurate

CJEN. 5868-5874 U. §£ ornamental and real; shadow and

substance. JH, literary spirit or fame. ^ a constellation of six stars,
forming part of the Great Bear. JSjc the God of Wisdom, usually
depicted as riding on a lion. Jjfjf a Confucian temple. H or jSC H civil
— as opposed to military officials. $f[ a written contract ; an
agreement. ||J to inform an equal by despatch. fj to write to. i
Senior Grand Secretary. Bead wen*. To gloss. j^ to conceal a fault ;
to disguise evil conduct. IS to gloss ' t0 imP03e on ' to falsify. ^3 To
rub off. 5868 (From Nos. 4769 ; 5807.) [ jgt to wipe away tears. | j$
to stroke ; to rub. [ =J5£ to brush off; to wipe. */■%? i The name of
a river in 4>v Shantong. 5869 (From Nos. 4900 ; 5867.) Read men2.
To defile. | jjfj dirtied ; defiled. jfc& 2 Lines ; streaks ; figures. 5870
(From JSfos. 4547 ; 5867.) [ 7j< the difference from fluctuation in
the price of silver. I $k sycee ; pure silver. I 3 or $k l£ the lines on
the hands; stripes. I M. ft striped ; lined. 4 Confused ; involved ; i^
tangled. 5871 & (From Nos. 4547; 5867.) [ fj, confused ; in a state
of anarchy. 5 ^2 5872 A mosquito ; a gnat. (From Nos. 1079; 5867;
3751.) | 'jfj a swarm of mosquitoes. | ^jp mosquitoes. [ U buzz of
mosquitoes. | $ gnats. | |j| ■? mosquito curtains. U. 4 A gem ; a
precious stone ; jade. Valuable. ~~f? Used conventionally for ^*-J
"your." The 96th Rad58' 3 jcaj_ ^yg0 rea(j ^ f |§ a box made of
precious stone ; jade ornaments. f§ yourself; your person. !£ a box
of jade. ^ precious stones; jade. M or 3E j& snow. |^ provisions for
the Emperor; the revenues of the empire. fr your daughter. A a
lovely girl; a beautiful woman. $§} the harmony of the seasons. If
the shoulders. fjj pearly secretion ; dew. tR maize. H or 3£ $g the
full moon. ^ cinnamon. #[} an Imperial concubine. "pa a lovely
face. $5 jade chopsticks ; tears. H the Imperial seal. {K jade
pendants to a girdle. X a lapidary. H ^C "St a Taoist deity — the "
Gem Emperor." jjjj $L 3fS to complete an affair. 5 ffi M gems and
stones burned together — indiscriminate destruction. I T> M ^ jA S
if Jade is not cut and polished, it cannot be made into anything. >jy|
3 Feathers; wings; plumes. A** The fifth note in the 5874 Chinese
musical scale. The 124th Radical. [ $j! or % ^ ®> English camlets. [
•£ or ^3 ^ a Taoist priest. j ;H or $J g the feathered tribesbirds. (
535 )■
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accurate

5875-5886 U. I M or ffl 31 wings; helps; adherents; aids to

study. f ^ imposing; grand. [ fit bunting ; alpaca. | ^ woolen
lastings; a glossy cloth; satinet. | ^ imitation camlets. | $$ crape
lastings. | ~% feathers ; the feathered tribes ; camlets. | J| feather
fans. | $. jft the Imperial body-guard. | $ 5c % a group of thirty-five
stars in Aquarius. I Vd ffiJ 1£ 1lll took Sight and ascended to the
Immortals — death of a Taoist priest. 2 To raise up ; to lift up ; to
carry. Distinguish ^ 5875 No. 4158. (From No. 2946 ; see No. 4753.)
[ Jfc or H Ijl *° ra,ise UP > to °^er up. I ^c a porter j a coolie. | JC
to carry on a pole. jfi 3 The name of the reputr*J ed founder of the
M Hsia 5876 dynasty. (From No. 4427 ; and g{. 4 form of No. 1079.)
I ffc IS the remnant of Yti's rations— supposed to have been thrown
into the water and to have produced a water-plant known as g£ F'J
2£. [ »^ name of a defile in the U mountains 3? llj. I IB (u") H f® Yu
detested the best wine. Pgl 3 The border ; the front5877 1 T' (From
Nos. 1908; 2192.) [ *% or t}5 IH *° gu^d the frontiers. | >§£ a
kind of steward or bailiff. •\ 4 To eat too much ; surfeited. To confer.
i|§L 5878 (From Nos. 4835; 2478; 1291.) f Kjj to confer on ; to
bestow. :^» * Wealthy ; abundant ; in good circumstances. 587 9
Generous. (From ift>s. 2347 ; 3003.) [ jg, sufficient ; ample. I ill f§!
J£ to enrich the State and accommodate the people. •Alpi 4 To
brood over. An old "|5B woman. 5880 (From Nos. 3921; 1291.) ttfi 3
Hunchbacked. W 5880° (From Nos. 4406 ; 1291.) bfe* 3 Dirty;
useless. A Aw* cracked vase. 5881 (From No. 2266 ; am? 0 ft.
FeeWe.) 1 2 A carriage ; a chariot ; ' [ a sedan-chair. To conLl tain.
The world. People - the public. 5882 r (From Nos. 95 ; 5875.) I S or i
I geography ; topography. [ A a carriage-maker. [ |§ carriages and
horses. [ ^j the grave. I Iffr $6 Si public opinion is in a very
disturbed state. r?»2 I; me. Used with No. J 5887. Distinguish ^ No.
5883 3627; ? No. 5571. fer. Read is3. To grant ; to con)*
Beforehand. To prepare ; to make ready. To be pleased; pleasure. ,
The 16th Diagram. The 5884 province of Honan. (From Nos. 5883 ;
2049; 2504.) % to bear witness to beforehand, or fjf Jp. beforehand,
to prepare ; to make ready, prophecy ; to predict, a presage. to
decide beforehand, an antitype; something prefigured. I will let you
know beforehand to forbid beforehand, the province of Honan —
derived from the central of Yii's Nine Divisions, to be waiting
beforehand. Kiangsi. to anticipate objections, quite ready, to divine
beforehand, to take an advance — of wages, to pay in advance, to
provide ; to procure, to caution ; to warn, to estimate ; to forecast,
to plan beforehand, to be prepared against, to calculate
beforehand^ §§f to deliberate on State affairs. 3tJ ^ to give official
notice. % 5L H he gave them office in the public service. u • An
ancient musical instrument used to give the 5885 signal to stop the
music. (From Nos. 4377 ; 5739.) ^s To talk with; to tell. PP Words;
conversation; 5886 discourse; phrases; language. (From Nos. 2515;
5739.) (536 )
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u. 5887-5895 U. I §£ a word ; a particle which usually need

not be translated. | 5 the proverb says... | H: the sound of a voice. I
M wording. I s fil #£ vulgar expressions ; patois. Read U\ To tell to. |
A to tell a person, */&f2 I ; me ; we. Used with ^J> No. 5883.
Distinguish ^ 5887 No. 4666. (From Nos. 4406 ; 5907.) f — A or ^
>J, ^ the Emperor. , 2 Overplus ; excess ; a 3* remainder ; a
balance. To 5888 pUt by a surplus. (^r-orn iVos. 4835 ; 5887.) f SS
what is left over ; a balance. | %\> above and beyond. | ^ extra
labourers ; youngest sons of feudal retainers who tilled the land | H
a surplus of luck — such as «... virtuous families have. spare
strength or energy. the rest ; a balance. or §J US? 65 what is over;
the surplus. I fH or "ia t£ an abundance of | H refuse salt. I }■&
spare ground ; an allowance ; a loophole. I ft or f$ ffll leisure ; spare
time. | jflj profit; earnings. | fit or ffc |i or ft $■ savings; surplus
money. | f 65 the overplus. | jjg 2j« to put by — as a surplus ; to
save — as money. J # M or © ^ fi $ unable to put by — as money.
I* l£ |B 2 To give pleasure to ; to 7v amuse ; to rejoice. Pleas5889
ure> (From Nos. 3921 ; 5724.) f HJ| to take pleasure in obliging
others. A fabulous beast. To estimate; to provide against. Mishap;
acci7^51 dent. To be anxious 5890 about. (From Nos. 1754; 3586;
5724.) [ $3 the place where the sun sets. | $| blessed ; delighted. [
A a forester. I & or ;£ & £ or $ $ the Emperor Shuen. In ; on ; at ; by
; from. Than. ft (Said to be a contracted form of No. 3855.) 5891 f
jffc or M M here ; in this place. | ^ then ; thereupon. | £? at present
; now. | ^ afterwards ; as follows. [ £. on the left ; below. | fit in
Yunnan. | _[j| ^ how with regard to this ? thereupon. f £i HL
whereby it appears. I Wi IM. in the said place. |g Hon that day. I >ft
fa JS< where is your patience ? I S» 5? fa what is the meaning ? I
J5 & tl £ he treats the people with kindness. [ H ^£ £ ft within three
years. Read u\ An interjection. | H ^ ah ! oh ! i To silt up, as a
stream. f> Mud. CQQO (From Nos. 4900; 5891.) I Wt or 2£ ^ to silt
up. | jgjj turbid ; mudd}'. I HI 7 ill the channel is blocked. \» Rain.
The 173rd RadI ical. Distinguish ffl No. ^5»|3340. 5893 f 7JC rain
water — one of the solar terms. floriUa rain drop. [ ff£ rain shoes. [
j^ waterproof articles. f ;${ rain-coats ; waterproofs. [ |j£ an
umbrella. | tfj waterproof cloth. [ jgjl -^ a paper umbrella; a kittysol.
I H ^ M- the bounty of rain and dew — the Emperor's favour. [ ^P
Wi §| ram which does not break the clods — the gentle rain of the
Golden Age. Read yW1. To rain. I ife H 0 it rained gold three days —
in the reign of Fuhhsi. I 9- $fr $fr a great fall of snow. €§§*2 The
summer sacrifice *Jf for rain. 5894 (From Nos. 5893; 5891.) I M to
pray for rain. >Wfcrt \ * To manage. To drive 'P-" a chariot. Imperial
; connected with the Emperor. To wait on ; an attendant. f From
Nos. 597 ; 3586 ; 2102,2674.) | ?|? to manage affairs ; an office in
the Cheo dynasty. | |§ the Imperial guard. | jg the art of driving. | H
to manage horses. [ ]ji to drive a chariot. | |g an Imperial edition or
compilation. pi 5895
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accurate

u. 5896-5902 U. I i|| the Imperial carriage ; the Emperor. [

^ or $J ^is the Imperial autograph. ( "fjif in the Imperial presence. |
jSJ the Grand Canal. | f^p or f^p |$1 to wait on ; to serve. [ H to
ascend the throne. | rjt the Empress. | §£ for the Emperor's
inspection. | H an Imperial physician. | |g to bestow imperially. | }J»
a censor. I #C or ;j$) JJg Imperial robes. | $ an Imperial rescript. |
ig an Emperor's personal name. [ fg the Imperial sceptre. | m
Peking. | HI an Imperial garden ; a name for Peking. I 5fe ^ tne
Censorate. | P1} $f ^ to attend at the palacegate — to act as a
minister of State. ' IIJ^cEa Grand Chamberlain. Read ia\ To invoke.
To meet. jffljXl * To withstand ; to resist. yrC An opponent. To
hinder. 5896 (FromNos. 4782; 5895.) | H$ to ward off hunger. | H to
resist insult. | j£ to stop ; to hinder. [ ^1 to oppose rebels. ^2 Fish.
The 195th Radi%»\ ical. 5897 I $f or M, $k small fry ; minnows. [
$& a fish-pond. [ ^p spawn of fish ; fish-roe. f Jj$ fish scales. I ft or
M, ll or & ^ a letter 5 a note. | j% a fish-spear. [ gg a fishing float. |
jjp isinglass; fish-glue. | ^ bait for fishes ; to oppress. [ j£lj fish
bones. | /jg fish-skin clothes. | fj a fish torpedo. [ Jii| or JS }& a
species of kingfisher. | ffl a fish-trap. [ p a fish's mouth; a venereal
ulcer. | ft£ a fish- globe. | jjj fish-skins. | HJ| fishes' eyes ; warts. | gj
a fishing-net. f §£| a fish-hook. I $1 "? the common tern. [ & H "?
Ghiliaks or fish-skin Tartars. I HI 21 3^5 to mix up fish-eyes and
pearls — to confound things that differ. I M & 2fc epistolary
correspondence. I ?K ^tl Wt agreeing, as fishes and water —
married peopla i,i, To fish ; to seize. (From Nos. 4900; 437 7 ; 5897;
1754.) 5898 I m 01 1 ^ or M ^ or ^1 A a fisherman. | ;)!§ a fishing-
boat. | §| a fishwife. [ %t inordinate lust. | Jpj to seize on. I 3£ ?1i
he seeks his own gain. I tS Wt M fishermen, foresters, farmers, and
scholars. 3 With ; by ; to ; or ; and. To associate. To give. To allow.
To wait for. Distinguish M No. 5899 2185> (From No. 5875 ; and
probably No. 4720.) f $£ ... Tf. i\l rather than... it is better to. . . ; as
compared with . . .; there is nothing equal to. . . s-^% ^ [ ^ to
weigh matters together— to see how they stand in regard to true
principles. | 3£ to stand together in court. | $ as also ; together
with. I & $£ I'll g° with you. I A % to give a person something. f fife
/?> IH different from him. I ^ $5 ¥ no concern of mine. 1 H 7 fe n°t
conformable to reason. I A ^ JljJ unlike other people.
If&fa^ForSiefa^ what concern is it of his ? [ % !8§ 7 ^ not in
accordance with the original agreement. Read u*. To take part in; to
assist at ; to help. Read u\ A particle used to express doubt or
surprise. ffijr* 2 A final particle inTvV dicative of admiration, 5900
doubt, surprise. (From Nos. 839 ; 5899.) 2 To eulogize ; to praise ; _
. to flatter. 5901 (FromNos. 2515; 5899.) f |§ to commend goodness.
I H he is not pleased with flattery. Read U*. Fame ; praise. I Ml
pleasure ; fame and prosperity. £fa 2 A moment; a little y\- while.
5902 (Said to be from P in its natural order and reversed ; see No.
4542 ; and part of No. 4753.) Read kw'ei*. A basket. Read iong3. To
excite. (538 )
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accurate

u. 5903-5917 a. m 5903 3 A stack of grain. A measure of

16 5J- No. . 5102. Distinguish IS No. 4528 ; 5® No. 5904.
(FromNos. 2J14; 1431; 5102; 5902.) JjSJ 3 To die in prison from /S^
cold and hunger. To treat 5904 crUelly. {From Nos. 3844 ; 5902.) I
5E Ht *¥ starved to death in prison. [ g| 7jc ^ A they maltreated the
sailors so that they died. 2 The fat on the belly of • animals. Rich, as
good 5905 Soil. (From Nos. 446G ; 5902.) I $8 Z. Bfc a "cn luscious
taste. £fh 2 To flatter. 5906 (.from Nos. 2515 ; 5902.) | ^ a
simpering toadying expression. T^2 To proceed. A form ~4 of No.
5887. Distinguish 5907 ^ No. 2756 ; =f No. 857. | |ff to go as a
bride to the house of the bridegroom. iTl2 A dike; an embankJ-J
ment. Used in Shanghai 5905 for a "lot" of land. (From Nos. 5371 ;
5907.) } ^ a dike; an embankment. [ H (chang3) an overseer of
dikes. | JJJ fields protected by dikes. t±-£ 3 The sides of a house
'ZJ^ under the eaves. The 6909 canopy of heaven ; space.
(FromNos. 3729; 5907.) 'j|f the universe. f or ift $J under heaven ;
within the universe. ■SfJ A basin ; a large cup. nfl.J (From .tos. 3758
; 5907 ; 5910 5891.) I If M # the festival of All Souls held on the
15th of the 7 th month. I JJ M'] zfC ~H if the bowl be square the
water in it will be square too — denoting the great influence of the
prince in moulding the people. &311 To twist; to distort. W\ A cor
5911 cord. (From Nos. 4547 ; 5907.) [ If circuitous ; indirect. I ft
vague ; indistinct. ■ ■t»> - The taro and other J " edible tubers;
flourishing. 5912 (From, Nos. 5497 ; 5907.) [ gj{ the taro. I 3H taro
leaves. vD*L 1 Vague ; wide of the 3d* mark ; distant. To per5913
vert ; to distort. (From Nos. 1036 ; 5907.) [ fy a distorted view ;
prejudice. J % a long time. f $J precise ; too particular. [ |£ inapt ;
doltish. | Jf| a roundabout road. I 75 >fr t° distort another's
intentions. | jt M H rS M '[f impracticable and inapplicable to affairs.
2 A monkey. To begin. 5914 (From Nos. 4427 ; 5248.) | 4* the sun
in g,— from 9 to 11 a.m. [ jj| the place where the sun sets. 4 To
lodge in ; to sojourn ; to dwell. Metaphor. 5915 (FromNos. 3729;
5914.) I a or jgjj # or g fR a dwelling ; a lodging. [ |H in one's mind
or thoughts. [ g" metaphor; allegory. I B or IF 'M or Hi !£ t0 reside
at. | @ to have a view of. I M to entertain a thought. I ^ J~ R to
quarter troops on the people. |||1H 2 A mountain region. 5916
(From Nos. 4686 ; 5914.) | m variously referred to Yesso Island, and
the Shantong Promontory. H* 2 _ Stupid ; doltish ; rude ; itiit
simple. 5917 (From Nos. 2167; 5914.) | ^p to make sport of; to
deceive. | f jfl foolish ; stupid. | j§f obstinate ; irrational. | H ignorant
and stupid. [ |$c dark in mind; foolish. [ ii£ obtuse ; dull in mind [ J!
simple; stupid. [ U, in my humble opinion. | JH blunt witted. I 3S
stupid ; loutish. | J£ the masses; the common people. | || feeble-
minded. I % or lit # °r ifc T conventional phrases^" I ; " " Your
humble servant," etc. I aS ignorant and false. | $£ conceited and
foolish ; braggadocio. | ^ a foolish fellow. [ ]*} unlettered
tradesmen. | J§ simple but loyal. | 'if stupid and feeble. I KQQ \
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accurate

ir. 5918-5931 ■»M * To meet ; to happen ; 3E2 to occur.

5918 (From Nos. 1036 ; 5914.) | $ to meet with one's affinity ; to
get a good chance. | JJf to meet with the time ; to be lucky.
[^should there be...; in the event of there being. . . [ 3§E when
something happens. f M, to meet with. | ^ in danger ; to meet with
danger. | H to meet with misfortune. f H! ^ to meet with a good
year. I /p tO* to miss meeting. I H1 M* met; able to meet. I & IB ffl
it is hard to say when we shall meet again. 2 A corner; a nook; a
cove. 5919 (From Nos. 1517 ; 5914) [ ^ to sit in the corner. The
collar-bone. (From Nos. 3005 ; 4466 ; 5920 5914.) j||j To answer in
the affirm5921 (From No. 403 ; and Jjlj ueh. To cut off the feet as a
punishment. The second form perhaps from No. 314; and {{kuai. A
stream.) ^ * A parable. To illusJ»> trate ; to instruct. To 5922
understand. (JVomiVos. 2881; 5921.) | •=§ metaphor. I S let' he
perceived her thoughts. I £J M t!? be explained its advantages and
disadvantages. 4V?h 2 Contented ; happy ; to low be happy. To
please 5923 (From Nos. 2167; 5921.) I %i a pleased look. I (ft
joyful; glad I 'H? in %b very pleased. >&► 4 To surpass ; to excel ;
iiu» more ; further. Healed. 5924 Used with No. 5921. (From Nos.
2167 ; 5921.) I H or jg: tn or jgj; g£ much more ; still ; further. | Q5
to increase the estrangement — as between father and child. | ^J
recovered ; quite well. I % M J5s the more he has the more satisfied
he is. &fe 2 To show the merits of; JHn to praise. 5925 (From Nos.
4769; 5921.) I 8$ laughing and clapping. [ ^ to extol ; to
recommend. Read t'eo2. To draw out. Read iu\ To scoop grain out of
a mortar. 5926 (From Nos. 3797 ; 5921.) I M or ft ft elm-seeds. | j£
elm bark — a tonic medicine. &jk 2 -"-0 c^ange- Name of a ion river.
5927 (.From JVos. 4900; 5921.) | m an old name for Chung-king £
ft. [ |H to retract — as a promise. I 31 It #r* the revocation of a
com* pact and beginning of hostilities. ( 540) 3 To be cured ;
convales1(1 cent. To be in trouble. 5928 (From Nos. 3844; 5921.) 2
A small door or window. [» A hole in a wall. To cut 5929 through a
wall. (From Nos. 2266 ; 5921.) I fS or :? ilr to make a hole in a wall.
SjjSfe 4 To proclaim ; to order. Pl3» An official notice ; an edict. 5930
(From Nos. 2515; 5921.) I H or lh Hf or H flT an Imperial edict ; the
last is the name of a book, the " Sacred Edict." I tj| to announce for
the guidance of. I IH to issue orders to prevent. I Jfc to issue orders
for the stoppage of. | Tji; to notify by proclamation. F ^ to prohibit
publicly. | §H to delegate ; to depute. | H or jjfj $£ a manifesto ; a
paper of instructions. | jftf to inform by proclamation. I ^ or ft %j or
g| fl] to order, [ j|| to order obedience to. I Ws :M. M to give orders
for the guidance — of those concerned. *jfj|-|2 To pass over; to
ex32* ceed. m) (From Nos. 1036 ; 5652 ; 5931 5921.) [ /j at the
expiration of a month. | 3| to leap a wall. | [5J| to exceed the limit. |
-J- to cross over to ; to exceed. | jg to travel far. I M to get over the
city walL I ft (fan*) to exceed one's duties or functions; to trespass
in social position
The text on this page is estimated to be only 23.64%
accurate

UEH. 5932-5941 UEH. I j^ to exceed ; to pass beyond. | $3

to transgress^hat is right. I M 15 the Passover. | J* 5. 4£ to exceed
five years. tJEH. Jjjjrt i The cross-bar on the 5932 end of the pole of
a carriage. (From Nos. 95 ; 5745.) fzsyj. 4 The provinces of
Kuang~+& tung and Kuangsi. Dis5933 tinguish K No. 39. {From No.
714 : see No. 39.) | ^ to examine. ( ]ff Kwangtung. | U Kwangsi. |
$| g|| the Canton Customs. I ft _t "ifr to investigate ancient things. I
?# il p& the Customs' Superintendent, or Hoppo, at Canton. 04 To
speak ; it is said. An expletive particle. The 5934 73rd Kadical.
Distinguish 0 No. 4443. | ;gj an initial phrase— therefore. m 5 (From
Nos. 4900; 5934.) •* To flow fast, as a stream. Distinguish ?H 5935
No. 3004. fci * The moon ; a month. S4 The 74th Kadical. Dis5936
tinguish ft No. 4466. ( js: the moon ; moonlight. j Jg the end of the
month. I ft or %. ft monthly. | $> months; by the month. | jjj!J the
first of the month. I ffli or 4* ffi moon cakes — eaten on the 15th of
the 8th month. I 3$ or ft f jg A a god, the old man of the moon, who
is supposed to unite by an invisible red thread persons destined to
be married. $Z a month of thirty days. >]> a month of twenty-nine
days. ■^ a woman's confinement; the month following. ^ or j$ /j| ^
the new moon. £3 bluish white. ZfC or j| ^ or ft ^ or ^ ^ the
menses. 5^ the moon's quarters. jjJU a monthly trial for composing
essays. IS or ft j=£ a lunar eclipse. Hj the disc of the moon. Ji or ^ 1
or ft & the full moon. ip a moon-shaped guitar. J3. the 1st of the
moon; to criticise. $lj monthly allowances to dependants. U the
beginning of the month. fo the seasons. If the officers for the month
— appointed at the monthly drawings of the Board of Civil Office. ijS
the 15th of the month. f beneath the moon ; at night. ty a moonlight
night. ft or ft H a ka^0 roun(i the moon. ft ifl or ft §5 the monthly
rose. ^J» f$[ an almanac. ^p gj crescent-shaped; semicircular. Bj| ;£
H the *ast ^ay °^ *^e month. X tt 4 To bend. 5937 (from Ate 4769
; 5936.) | $f T to snap in bending. | jg J^ to bend a thing over. jfcZS
4 Pleased ; glad ; happy ; \/u contented. To acquiesce ; 5938 to give
pleasure to. {From Nos. 2167 ; 5409.) I ffl. or 'IS % to acquiesce in ;
to assent. [ $} to accept ; to delight in. | jj$ pleased ; delighted. f g
to please the eye. | P to please the taste. [ )fr $j acceptable ;
pleasing. Pfl i To examine ; to in51 spect ; to review. To look 5939
over ; to read carefully. (From Nos. 3665 ; 5409.) | ^ to experience ;
experienced ; versed in. I M or TM M to examine ; to view; to
survey. I J£ to review troops. I $£ or U !$! t° examine ; to peruse. |
%$ to examine an essay. | jg to acquaint oneself with thoroughly. |
J§J to review archers. | jj| to inspect — as forts. [ JH to make a
provincial tour-r^as a Viceroy. | jH to inspect the frontier.
ascertained the real facts of his crimes. M -ft ^PqI A battle-axe; a
hal5940 (From Nos. 864 ; 2904 ; and \- ch'iieh. A hook reversed.) |
^ halberds and battle-axes. rfejfc 4 To overpass ; to exceed, ^C-»
Sign of the comparative ; 5941 more. Thereupon. Name of a feudal
State. Chehkiang. (From Nos. 5545 ; 5940.) ( 541 )
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.50%
accurate

UEN. 5942-5951 UEN. 5 m Oft m ft a * m A ft n it to

overstep propriety ; rude, much more, to go beyond. to transgress
the laws of propriety. to appeal to a higher court in an irregular
manner, alas, too much ! (fen*) to overstep the bounds. A imam. or
M M- to encroach on another's possessions, the next day. to skip
grades — in promotion, to trespass on. to leave one's place at table
— for a higher one. beyond all bounds of reason, to break out of
prison. Hi the royal bird of Annam — the hornbill. £? still better. 2fc
or M &> and then, hereupon. flflj the art of (Teh-ren — the art of
healing. j&| ;§J the faster the better. 32 $• to go beyond one's
position in life. 7^ H I will not wait for you beyond to-night. UEN.
1=3 l A small worm. To twist. r3 To surround. Empty. 5942 J (From
Nos. 4466 ; 1908.) ft*2 A wall. 5943 (From Nos. 5371 ; 2277.) *-£*
1 1 Oppression ; injustice. . A grievance ; a wrong. To oppress. 5944
(From Nos. 3729; 3708; 5373.) M Ift or ^ $£ a grievance ; a false
charge ; a wrong, retribution ; vengeance, an enemy ; enmity, the
ghost of one who has suffered a wrong which has not been righted,
an opponent; an enemy, to grieve over wrong. the details of a
wrong. $& ^5 the road of enemies is narrow — they are sure to
meet. 2 A kite. 5945 (From Nos. 3855 ; 2385.) ^HH x A. gulf; an
abyss. To vUs be deep. 5946 (From No. 4900 ; and the original form
of the character.) | ff$ the ocean. ( "f|f profound learning. ¥ 4 A
general designation of officials. Wrongly used 5946° for No. 5947. '
(From No. 4769; see No. 1164.) && 2 The hem of a garment. *\2f'
Destiny; affinity. A cause; 5947 a reason. To follow. Distinguish %
No. 3527. (From No. 4547 ; see No. 1164.) [ ffj the reasons whereby
; causes. [ jlfc for this reason. [ ~{fc a cause ; a reason. | fg a
register. [ % to drag a thing along. I jt3 origin. [ ft (fen*) $| their
affinity was shallow. I ft (feri) or £ fg affinity; ordained to be brought
together ; in sympathy with. I /fc ffij ?$ Jjf. climb a tree to catch -a
fish — a useless search. I fife £J US % t0 make a hypocritical parade
of learning. (542 ) El 2 An official. Used for ^ No. 5949. 5948 (From
Nos. 4090; 1908.) f ^ officers — civil and military Bead uin. To
assist. I "^ W $S I will enlarge your territory. IHI 2 To interpret, as a
dream. A dollar. Round; circular. 5949 (From Nos. 1908; 5948.) j ]Jf
a ball-shaped top — to anything. f Jg, rounded off; complete. [ $|
finished; complete. [ §£ to interpret dreams. [ f§? the diameter of a
circle. [ HJ a ring; a circle. | % to act as a medium. | If to arrange
for one. | jj| accommodating — of persons. [ iJJ» the heart — of
timber. | J& round in shape. [ £ to complete ; complete. I ft °r H 1 &
ft well planned and executed. f % 5? a nimbus. ££ 2 To lead on to.
There^C fore ; on this account ; 5950 thereupon. (From Nos. 202 ;
2674; and f. A contracted form of No. 777.) I § the " record " of a
serious criminal case. I Se to be slow and cautious. [ f{ and
thereupon. I JS SI M there we live and there we stop. I §1 & M he
arranged his forces. 1 & IS 18 (ch'ao*) down to the present dynasty.
g£ 2 A beauty ; beautiful. 5951 (Fra» Nos. 3921 ; 5950.)
The text on this page is estimated to be only 23.08%
accurate

UEN. 5952-5960 UEN. ».^ 2 To lead ; to take hold of. 1^£

To pull up ; to rescue ; to 5952 assist. To adduce as authority or
illustration. To claim, as a privilege. (From Nos. 4769* 5950.) | 3f£
to bring forward a case; to quote — as a precedent. | jj£ to relieve ;
to assist. | fj$ to save ; to relieve. [ 51 to lead on ; to guide ; to
quote ; to make a precedent of. | $jf to rescue from drowning. | &
troops for relief. | &§ mutually to assist. | H| to assist ; to relieve ; to
aid, I ffll to PuU out| jg, to claim exemption. | ^ to bring forward
as...; to quote... as. I B& Jj£ M according to precedent. I £ lii. ^F to
lend a nand; to pu11 out with the hand. I W Jh %. to Press a Person
to re" main, j _y ^ ^j| to quote (an instance)— as a precedent. t
5953 1 A large ring of fine jade, used at Court. (FromNos. 5873;
5950.) rfgft 2 A bird which frequents Istl the sea-shore, called a gl
5954 %% (FromNos. 3855; 5950.) ~*^ 2 A robe. 5955 (From Nos.
5371 ; 2881 ; and No. 2347 abbreviated.) EEI 2 A garden ; an
orchard. U§J A term applied to tea5956 houses; theatres, etc.
(FromNos, 1908; 5955.) I T or H X or If £ a gardener. [ 7* a garden.
| 5fE garden and summer house; places of recreation. | JIJ a park ;
a garden. I It or M 11 or % H an Imperial mausoleum. £ The gibbon
or tailless ape. (FromNos. 1340; 1079; 5955; 5950.) 5957 I $£ aPes i
monkeys. 2 The shafts of a cart or carriage. A yamen. 5958 B *
(.FVw/i I^s. 95 ; 5955.) | PU the gates leading through the palisade
before a yamen. f /fc shafts. [ f in the shafts ; in or under the
jurisdiction of a yamen. I FJ $fi *ne provincial Gazette. v^3 Distant,
in time or 33i< place. Remote. Far5959 reaching. (From Nos. 1036 ;
5955.) | ,-g: thoughts during separation. | j§f| far separated from. |
Jfjjt a distant place. | m far-sighted in planning. | ~)j a remote
place. J jg to keep away from. | Jz vast| if many years ago ; of long
standing. I § or J& A persons from afar ; strangers. | % far-sighted
— of spectacles. I M or jft $& a* or ^rom a distance. | j$| to travel
far. | £[$ to come from afar. | jf, to see from afar. | j£ far and near ;
distance. I* or§ j| distant ; far-off. $J far-off; remote. f$ or jg f|
distantly related ; a distant relative. $j U" far-reaching words. Sis 8§
to follow afar off. <$ $t looking from afar but unable to reach. ^P
|pij the distance is not the same.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 25.14%
accurate

UEN. 5961-5970 tJEN. or ^ ^ the original draft, originally

fixed upon, the original guarantor, the original certificate, the late (i.
e. deceased) incumbent, one's former post, the price first agreed on.
the original person, vitality ; constitution. or M M origin ; root ;
capital ; source. in the beginning, the original place, the original
goods, as a matter of course it was... the original text, of course it
was not... primarily ; at first, or ySjl X elements — as of chemistry.
jg- parties in a lawsuit. ,y the original reason. JK& jlfc it was s0 at
nrst > ** has been so always. ?g, f£ I had not intended to do it. Wi
ffc Dy righ*s it should not be done. % % W 3fi ft 7 he told the
whole story. 2 The name of the PrinMS> cess Consort of the
Em5961 peror # B. C. 2256 ; her full name was Chiang-uen (From
Nos. 3921 ; 5960.) M* Sincere ; honest. Interchanged with No. 5962
5964. (From Nos. 2167 ; 5960.) \m Iff l« \m \M l« I A \m 146 \M \m
\® is \% Iff i* im 2 A spring ; a source. 5963 (From Nos. 4900;
5960.) [ flg the source and history of. | BI a spring ; a source | M ffff
%■ incessantly coming— as a stream of people. ■4 To be willing; to
be ^ desirous of. To desire. A 5964 vow. (From Nos. 2504; 5960.) I
*& or H fl| or ft m. willing ; voluntary. [ ^ a strong desire for ; to
wish. | ^ would that...! | Ug to be willing to comply. I ffc *P 5?
peace be to you ! I ?? _fc $3 a voluntary act ; to do of one's own
free will. ^j£* 2 The first ; the head ; the Ju chief. The eldest; the
5965 principal. Good. A dollar. Large. (From Nos. 4406 ; 4433.) the
head ; the leader; the Emperor. the Yuan or Mongol dynasty. or Sir
!JG the masses. a Buddhist term for the soul leaving the body — as
in a trance ; the animal spirits, black colts — ants, large ingots of
sycee ; a "shoe" of silver, weighing about 50 ozs. ; gilt paper folded
like ingots, burned in worship, the beginning, or JJf fjijj a
generalissimo, the eldest son. or Hi JS the sovereign ; the Emperor.
the 15th of the 1st moon; cakes eaten on that day. greatly good.
primeval influence — the protoplasm of Chinese evolutionists ;
constitution. or jt H New Year's day. very old. the first year of a
reign, great distinction, great joy. the great appointment — to the
throne. i? ITC m us it IH IS. in is | ft the first month of a year. | $• a
great-grandson. | %i the original colour. | |2 the first ancestor. |H
the first; No. 1. | Jf| the swallow. I ■? M M a phrase from the J^ g£
Canon of Changes, often used te denote 1, 2, 3, 4 ; or 1st, 2nd, 3rd,
4th. I jt %* & from the very beginning. I ^ /{* J5L his constitution
is not sound. I it ?J3 bS how intelligent is our monarch ! ■^jp- 2 A
long and narrow river "»/« in the west of Hunan, 5966 flowing into
the Tungting Lake. (From Nos. 4900; 5965.) _ 2 A plant, the Daphne
SLd qenhwa. 5967 (From Nos. 5497 ; 5965.) [ ^ a beetle — dried
and used as a medicine. [ ^ coriander. 3 The name of a mountain.
The name of a small 5968 feudal State. (From Nos. 1517 ; 5965.) 2
The sea turtle, called 5969 5970 (From Nos. 3747 ; 5965.) 4 A
courtyard. A hall ; a college ; a public building. (From Nos. 1517 ;
5775.) I ^-j or M *? residences ; premises. | -J or gg Up a courtyard.
I Bit or ^ % the third examination before the Literary Chancellor for
the 1st degree. , I 544 )
The text on this page is estimated to be only 21.72%
accurate

UEN. 5971-5983" UIN. 5971 1 To turn o\er when asleep.

(From Nos. 1975 ; 738.) ^&4 Tofindfauifc with; to *\U% repine; to
murmur against ; 597 2 to harbour resentment. Hate. (From Nos.
2167 ; 5971.) | 'Hi to bear a grudge against ; hatred ; to hate. f S *°
repine at poverty. [ fa to murmur at providence. | 5c to murmur at
one's luck or fate. I IK or £§ 'ff resentment ; spite. [ -£r an old maid.
| ^ did they repent of this ? •| % to find fault. [ t^ spiteful words;
grumbling repining. [ gfg injury ; malicious ; wrong. | fa an
expression of hatred. | Jf dissatisfied and desirous— of evil. I & a
grudge ; ill-will for wrongs. | jg to dislike ; to hate. I St or ?i§ II to
]iate aIjd malign| |5£? a cause of hatred. [ )f| murmuring ; an
expression of discontent. | ^ fjjj 5| |JJ£ no wonder he is crying. I /F
# ffe ^ vou cant Dlame him for going ; no wonder he went. Xftt 4
Alarmed ; startled. Also l/H read uan\ 5973 (From Nob. 2167; 5782.)
f 'I& to be angry at. fcfc£ i To bear a grudge against. ?tt4»
Interchanged with % No. 5974 5944. (From Nos, 2167; 5782.) | Jg a
wrong; a grievance. 3 A pasture ; a park. A term applied to extracts
5975 from various authors. (From Nos. 5497; 5971.) I ffl, a high
wind. jSyg1 The drake of theman*wf darin duck. 5976 (From Nos.
3855; 5971.) | ;j$f the mandarin duck, male and female, used as
emblems of conjugal fidelity. } ^ a faithful spouse. I S£ ■fefe a
double pillow used by a newly married couple. UIN. * Pregnant. Also
read ren. 5977. '(From Nos. 5571; 3812.) | ^ to be with young ; to
give birth to. | j§ a pregnant woman. | jjp a pregnant womb. I "f* M
ten months' gestation. * To iron. A clothesiron. Also read uei ; fang.
5978 (From Nos. 1695; 5821.) [ 5J- a flat-iron. \t$ Mio iron out
Rothes. 1 The life-giving influences of nature. (From Nos. 451 ;
5862.) I ?ft or -fa fj to grant ; to authorize. 5979 •*&» 3 To grant ;
to allow ; to J\U permit. To confide in. 5980 Sincere; loyal. (From
Nos. 4406 ; 4549.) ( 545 ) [ 5§| sincerely courteous. [ J|? to
authorize. I ffi or ft t or % m or ft |$ or ft M or iS % t0 assent; to
grant. | j£ to approve as suitable. I IS true; good. I & or ft if suitable
; fit; justly ; satisfactorily. I 5C giye y°ur confidence to the good. | $|
to respond to ; to assent to. | 3g entirely sincere. I tfc $£ 41
sincerely to hold . fast the golden mean. /(«&3 A tribe of Scythian
Q/\j nomads. 5981 (From Nos. 1340 ; 5980.) £-t 2 Equal ; in equal
parts ; ~~v even. Distinguish £} 5982 4720. (From Nos. 4048;
4433.) [ |ij to portion off; to devote part to... | ^ to divide equally. [
%i equal; even. I ?§? flowing evenly; fluid. | J§J uniform ; even. I 'P
i?f! cannot divide equally; cannot spare or be spared. I ffl fill M to be
Paid by regular instalments. 2 The skin of the bamboo. 5983 (From
Nos. 1129 ; 1360.) j ff bamboo splint baskets. | Jiji a name for
Arabia. #S£; 2 A good-looking appearJ^. ance. 5983" (From Nos.
5867 ; 1524.)
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