Abhishek
POM
Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium Automation
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Agenda
Abhishek
• Introduction to Page Object Model • Conclusion
(POM)
• Key Features of POM
Tip:Use a relatable analogy to
explain POM effectively.
• Benefits of Using POM
How:Start by comparing POM
• How to Implement POM to a library system where
books (test logic) are
categorized into shelves (page
• Example of POM in Selenium classes). Explain that POM
organizes test automation
similarly by separating web
• Best Practices for POM element locators and actions
into page classes, improving
maintainability.
Abhishek
What is the Page Object Model (POM)?
The Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern in Selenium that
represents each web page of an application as a separate class. This pattern
separates the web element locators and test scripts, improving code
readability and maintainability. POM helps create a structured framework
where all actions related to a page are encapsulated in its class.
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Readability
POM emphasizes the separation
of concerns by keeping test
scripts and element locators
independent. It promotes code
reusability by defining methods
for common actions on a page.
Separation of Features of POM Code
Concerns Reusability
The structured approach ensures
test scripts are easier to maintain,
especially when the application
UI changes, making it ideal for
scalable test automation.
Scalability Maintainability
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1.Keep Page Classes Simple:
• Focus only on defining locators and actions related to that page.
1.Use Meaningful Names:
Benefits of • Name variables and methods to reflect their purpose clearly.
1.Centralize Locators:
Using POM • Define locators in a single place to make updates easier.
1.Integrate with Frameworks:
• Combine POM with TestNG, JUnit, or Cucumber for better organization and
in Selenium reporting.
1.Adopt Modular Testing:
• Reuse page objects across multiple test cases to enhance modularity.
The POM approach enhances maintainability by allowing updates in one place
when the application changes. It improves test organization, ensuring a
modular structure for test cases. Reusing page classes and methods reduces
redundancy, minimizes errors, and simplifies debugging. This design pattern is
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a best practice for robust test frameworks.
Abhishek
1.Create Page Classes:
⚬ Each class corresponds to a web page in the
application.
⚬ Define web elements using locators (e.g.,
Implement @FindBy).
2.Define Actions:
⚬ Write methods in the class to perform actions
POM (e.g., click, enter text).
3.Use in Test Scripts:
⚬ Instantiate page classes in test scripts and call
their methods to interact with the application.
4.Integrate with Frameworks:
⚬ Combine POM with frameworks like TestNG or
JUnit for better execution and reporting.
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Example
of POM in
Selenium
For example, a login page class
contains locators for the username,
password, and login button along
with a method for the login action. A
test script can instantiate the class
and call the login method with test
data. This modularity simplifies the
script and makes the tests easy to
update and extend.
Best 1.Keep Page Classes Simple:
Practices
• Focus only on defining locators and actions related
to that page.
1.Use Meaningful Names:
• Name variables and methods to reflect their
for POM purpose clearly.
1.Centralize Locators:
• Define locators in a single place to make updates
easier.
To maximize POM benefits, ensure 1.Integrate with Frameworks:
page classes are simple and focused • Combine POM with TestNG, JUnit, or Cucumber for
on actions specific to the page. Use better organization and reporting.
meaningful names for methods and 1.Adopt Modular Testing:
locators, and centralize the locator • Reuse page objects across multiple test cases to
definitions for easy updates. enhance modularity.
Integrate POM with frameworks like
TestNG and modularize the tests for
better organization and scalability.
Abhishek PAGE OBJECT MODEL
• POM is a proven design pattern that
enhances the efficiency and maintainability
POM is a powerful design pattern that of Selenium test automation.
streamlines Selenium automation by making
• It separates test logic from UI element
test scripts reusable, readable, and
locators, ensuring a clean and organized
maintainable. Its modular approach ensures
framework.
that changes to the application are easy to
manage. Adopting POM with testing
• Adopting POM leads to scalable, reusable,
frameworks enables robust and efficient test and readable test scripts, which are essential
automation, reducing effort and improving for long-term success in automation projects.
long-term project success. • Combining POM with testing frameworks and
tools like TestNG ensures robust and
comprehensive test automation.
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