Introduction to
Computing
Jan Benedict T. Fortin
• Software Engineer
FIELD •
•
System Analyst
Business Analyst
ROLES •
•
Technical Support
Network Engineer
OF AN • Technical Consultant
IT/CS •
•
Technical Sales
Web Developer
• Software Tester
• Data
• A collection of facts relating to
DATA events that take place. These facts
could be in the form of numbers,
PROCESSING letters, special symbols, or
combination of these.
CYCLE • Information
• Data that has been organized and
processed so that it is meaningful.
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
• The process of converting data into useful and
meaningful information.
1
4 2
3
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
• Origination
• Input 1
• Process
4 2
• Output
3
• Pre-Modern Era
• Manual Mechanical Devices
• Electro Mechanical Devices
PERIODS OF • Electronic Devices
• First Generation Computers
DEVELOPMENT
• Second Generation Computers
OF COMPUTERS
• Third Generation Computers
• Fourth Generation Computers
• Fifth Generation Computers
PRE-MODERN
ERA
DEVICE DESCRIPTION INVENTOR
Abacus The first man-made Invented in • Manual Mechanical
computing device
that uses beads.
China
Devices
Napier’s Bones An arrangement of John Napier
bones wherein
numbers are printed
Oughtred’s Consists of movable William
Slide Rule bars with a precise Oughtred
scale which uses
approximations for
solving problems
PRE-MODERN
ERA • Manual Mechanical Devices
Device Description Inventor PRE-MODERN
Pascaline
Calculator
The first
mechanical
calculator
Blaise
Pascal ERA
(adding
machine) that • Manual Mechanical
uses cogged
wheels.
Devices
It used a series
of dials that
would be
turned to
represent the
numerical
values the user
wished to add
together
automatically
carrying over
numbers from
one position to
the next.
PRE-MODERN
ERA • Manual Mechanical Devices
PRE-MODERN
ERA
• Manual Mechanical
Device Description Inventor
Devices
Leibnitz The improved Gotfried
Calculator Pascaline Leibnitz
which could
multiply and
divide
PRE-MODERN
ERA • Manual Mechanical Devices
PRE-MODERN
ERA
• Manual Mechanical Device Description Inventor
Devices Babbage’s Embodied most of the Charles
Difference and design of modern Babbage
Analytical computers.
Engine The difference engine
which can compute tables,
and analytical engine
which is completely
automatic and capable of
calculating any
mathematical problems
PRE-MODERN
ERA • Manual Mechanical Devices
PRE-MODERN ERA
Device Description Inventor
Hollerith’s First use of punched Herman
• Electro-Mechanical Devices Tabulating cards to store data Hollerith
Machine
Automatic Uses the concept of Joseph
Weaving punched cards to Marie
Loom control his looms Jacquard
Automatic The first general- Howard
Sequence purpose electro- Aiken
Controlled mechanical
Calculator computer
(MARK1)
PRE-MODERN
Device Description Inventor ERA
ABC (Atanasoff- First special purpose John Atanasoff
Berry Computer) digital computer
that solves • Electronic Devices
simultaneous
equations
Electronic The first fully
Numerical electronic general
Integrator and purpose digital John Mauchly
Calculator computer and John Adam
(ENIAC) completed Presper Eckert
Electronic Enhancement of
Discrete Variable ENIAC to overcome
Automatic its limitations
Computer
(EDVAC)
Device Description Inventor
PRE-MODERN
Electronic
Delay Storage
Also known as
Electronic
Built at the
University of
ERA
Automatic Binary Digital Cambridge,
Calculator Computer. England by • Electronic Devices
(EDSAC) Uses binary Maurice Wilkes
representation and others
of data and
internally
stored
program.
First full-size
stored
program
computer
FIRST • Major hardware features:
• Vacuum Tubes and Magnetic Drums
GENERATION • Processing Speed:
COMPUTERS • 1,000 instructions per second
FIRST
GENERATION
COMPUTERS
• Universal Automatic Computer
(UNIVAC)
• The first commercial business
computer
FIRST • Developed by John Eckert and John
GENERATION Mauchly
• IBM 701
COMPUTERS • The first generation computer of IBM
• IBM 650
• The most popular 1st generation
computer
SECOND • Major Hardware Features:
• Transistors and Magnetic Core
GENERATION • Processing Speed:
COMPUTERS • 1,000,000 instructions per second
SECOND
GENERATION
COMPUTERS
SECOND • TRADIC
• The first transistorized computer
GENERATION • UNIVAC II
COMPUTERS • IBM 7070, 7090, AND 1400 Series
THIRD GENERATION
COMPUTERS
• Major Hardware Features:
• Integrated Circuits
• Processing Speed:
• 10,000,000 instructions per
second
THIRD • IBM System 360
• A general-purpose machine for
GENERATION scientific and business use.
COMPUTERS • Burroughs B5500
FOURTH
GENERATION
COMPUTERS
• Major Hardware Features:
• Microprocessors or Large
Scale IC
• Processing Speed:
• 100,000,000 instructions
per second
FOURTH
GENERATION
COMPUTERS
• IBM System 370
• IBM System 3090
• IBM PC – XT Based
Computers
• Pentium Series
• Dual Core, Quad Core
FIFTH GENERATION
COMPUTERS
• Major Hardware Features:
• Artificial Intelligence
• General-Purpose
• One that has the ability to store
different programs of instruction and
CLASSIFICATION thus, perform a variety of
OF COMPUTERS operations.
ACCORDING TO • Special-Purpose
PURPOSE • Designed to perform one specific
task. The program of instructions is
built into, or permanently stored in
the machine.
• Analog Computers
• Used for scientific, engineering, and
process control purposes.
CLASSIFICATION • Digital Computers
• Specializes in counting. Operates by
OF COMPUTERS counting values that are discrete or
ACCORDING TO separate and distinct.
DATA HANDLED • Hybrid Computers
• Combines the measuring capability
of analog computer and the logical
and control capabilities of the digital
computer
CLASSIFICATION • Mainframes
OF COMPUTERS • Minicomputers
ACCORDING TO • Microcomputers
CAPACITY • Supercomputers
