SOCIAL SCIENCE

SOCIAL ISSUES
NIYAF NAVEED
XB1 14
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that NIYAF NAVEED of class XB1 has successfully completed
the project on the topic “SOCIAL ISSUES” in the academic year 2024-2025

SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers who gave me the opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic SOCIAL ISSUES.I am extremely greatful for the advice
and guidance provided by my teachers and the help and support provided by my parents
and friends which made the completion of this project possible
 INDEX
SL.NO TITLE PAGE .NO
1 CERTIFICATION 1
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1
3 INTRODUCTION 2
4 POVERTY 3
5 CORRUPTION 5
6 UNEMPOLYMENT 6
7 CASE STUDY 7
8 CONCLUSION 8
9 REFERENCE 9
INTRODUCTION
A social issue is a problem that affects
many people within a society. It is a group
of common problems in present-day
society that many people strive to solve. It
is often the effect of factors beyond an
individual's control.
Some social issues such as immigration
have both social and economic aspects.
Some issues do not fall into either
category, such as warfare.
 POVERTY
■ Poverty is a state or condition in which an
individual lacks the financial resources and
essentials for a certain standard of living.
Poverty can have diverse environmental,
economic, and political causes and effects.
■ When evaluating poverty there are two main
measures:ABSOLUTE POVERTY which compares
income against the amount needed to meet
basic personal needs, such as food, clothing,
and shelter.Secondly, RELATIVE POVERTY
measures when a person cannot meet a
minimum level of living standards, compared to
others in the same time and place
■ Poverty is one of the biggest social issues in
India. It affects a significant part of the Indian
population.
■ Some of the causes for poverty are:
• Unemployment
• Over population
• Colonial exploitation
• Unequal distribution of wealth & underutilized
resources
■ Policies adopted in and after 1991 has helped in
achieving Higher Economic Growth, which thus has
helped in reducing poverty.
■ Various Programs have been launched continuously,
like Employment Generation Program, Income Support,
Employment Guarantee (like MGNREGA) to eradicate
poverty.
■ Some of these policies include: Pradhan Mantri Garib
Kalyan Yojana/Package (PMGKY), Ayushman Bharat
scheme, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(NREGA)
CORRUPTION
■ Corruption is the misuse of power for personal gain.
■ Corruption has become one of the highlighted reason
for the decline of Indian economy.It is yet another
social evil that needs to be eradicated from the
society.
■ Corruption has eroded the public trust in institutions,
reduces the transparency between the people and
the government and also hinders the development of
the country.
■ Several institutions and laws like the Lokpal and
Lokayuktas Act, 2013, Prevention of corruption act,
1988, have been implemented with aims to tackle
corruption and ensure accountability among public
institutions
 UNEMPLOYMENT
■ Unemployment refers to a situation where individuals
actively search for employment but are unable to find
work. When people can’t secure gainful employment,
it impacts their livelihoods, self-esteem, and overall
well-being.
■ Unemployment results in a number of socil and
economic effects such as loss of output and human
resource, low productivity, rise in poverty, low
standards of living and also results in depression
■ Unemployment can be categorized into 2, they are;
Educated unemployment refers to the situation where
individuals with formal education (such as degrees in
matriculation, graduation, or post-graduation) are
unable to find suitable employment that matches
their educational qualifications.
■ Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where
individuals appear to be employed, but their
contribution to the productive output of an economy
is minimal or not existent. It’s a form of
unemployment where people are technically
employed but are not actually productive or
necessary for the functioning of the economy.
■ Steps taken by the government to reduce
unemployment includes:
• Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY):
PMMY facilitates self-employment by providing
collateral-free loans up to Rs. 10 lakh to micro and small
business enterprises.
• Promotion of Small-Scale and Cottage Industries:
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):
 CASE STUDY
■ In 2010, New Delhi witnessed the Commonwealth Games (CWG) scam , one of
the major Indian scams involving pilferage of Rs. 70,000 crore. It is estimated that
out of Rs.70,000 crore spent on the Games, only half of the said amount was spent
on Indian sportspersons.
■ The Central Vigilance Commission, involved in probing corruption in various
Commonwealth Games-related projects, found discrepancies in tenders – like
payment to non-existent parties, will-ful delays in execution of contracts, over-
inflated price and bungling in purchase of equipment through tendering – and
misappropriation of funds.
■ Reports of CVC revealed that Suresh Kalmadi, the Chairman of the organising
committee of the Games, offered a contract of Rs 141 crore to Swiss Timings for
its timing equipment which was unnecessarily high by Rs 95 crore. The CVC then
asked the CBI to probe certain aspects of the games’ organisation.
■ On 25 April 2011, CBI arrested Kalmadi. In addition to Kalmadi, the CBI named
two companies and eight persons including former Secretary General Lalit Bhanot
and former Director General VK Verma as accused. On 26 April 2011 he was sacked
from the post of president of the Indian Olympic Association.
 CONCLUSION
Here, I have come to the conclusion that a
variety of social evils still exist in the
society which can be eradicated with the
cooperation of the people and the proper
use of institutions. Let us all join our hands
to work for the betterment of this society

I learned a variety of new things while

THANK YOU