PRACTICAL - 1
AIM : INSTALLATION OF VIRTUAL MACHINE SOFTWARE
There are many Virtual Machine software’s are available like VMWARE WORKSTATION and Virtual
Box. Following steps guide for installing VMWARE WORKSTATION software on windows.
Before installing VMWARE WORKSTATION 11.0 we must ensure following things should be there in
our system.
*The host system have a 64-bit x86 CPU.
*The minimum memory required on host memory
System is 1GB. 2BG and above is recommended.
*You can install VMWARE WORKSTATION on Windows and Linux host operating systems.
*The host system must have a 16-bit or 32-bit display adapter.
*IDE, SATA AND SCSI hard drives are supported.
*At least 1GB free disk space is recommended for each guest operating system and the application
software usd with it.
STEP-1 : Download the VMWARE WORKSTATION 11.0 software from flowing link……
https://download3.vmware.com/software/wkst/file/VMware-waorkstation-full=11.0.0-2305329.exe
Save it in local disk of your machine. As this software is paid one you have to use trail version or have
to purchase a license.
STEP-2 : Double click on Download exe file.It will show you following dialog box. Select Next button. In
next window select the first radio button to accept terms and conditions as follows in second screenshot
and then click in Next button as shown in below.
STEP-3 :New window “set up” will appear. Here we have to select Typical Installation (default) as shown
below. We can also select custom, but custom changes can be done later on if required ,IN next
“Destination Folder” window click on Next button to install the software on default location.
STEP-4 : Next window “Software Update” ask for automatic update selection. We can skip it. So we have
uncheck the checkbox and click in next button as shown below.
Next window “User experience Improvement program” will appear. Here also we can update Help
Check box and click on next button as shown below.
STEP-5 : Next window “shortcut” will appear. Here you have to keep the default values as it is and then
click on next button as shown below
Next window “Ready to perform the Requested Operations” will appear. Here click on continue button
as shown below.
STEP-6 : Wait for some moment till the window indicates finishing installation.
Next window will ask for entering License Key. If you have license Key enter it or click on skip button
as shown below.
STEP-7 : Next window “Setup Wizard Complete” indicates installation is finished so click on Finish
button.
To start using the VMWARE workstation. From stat menu select ”VMWARE workstation” or from
desktop,double click on “VMWARE workstation” icon. Next window will ask for License Key. Here you
can trail period by proving your email id for 30 days and finally click on Continue button as shown below.
STEP-8 : Your windows ask your permission to continue. Accept all request and then your “VMWARE
workstation” is ready to use as shown below
PRACTICAL - 2
AIM : Installation of Linux system “RedHat” on virtual
machine.
To install Red Hat operating system on virtual machine
software, we must have either disk or ISO installation file.
In flowing steps we have explained installation of Red Hat
Server 6.0, keeping in mind that is going to be used in future
subjects of SYBSc IT and TYBSc IT.
STEP-1 : From start menu select “VMWARE workstation” or from
desktop, double click on “VMWARE workstation” icon. In Initial
window open the ISO file for installation as shown below.
Open VMWARE=>File=>New Virtual Machine………
In Welcome wizard select the installation type as typical as
shown below.
In next window give the path of Red Hat Linux OS ISO file for
installation. Then click on Next.
STEP-2 : In next window “Easy Installation information”, it asks
some information about Full Name, username and password .Enter
this information and click on Next button.
In Next window “Name the Virtual Machine”, it asks for the
name of your choice, you can change it ok keep the default name
as it is as shown below.
Next window ask about disk capacity. Here we can select
default, also we can modify the disk space and then click on next.
STEP-3 : Next window “Ready to create Virtual Machine ” Inform
us about finishing the creation job after the Finish button as shown
below
Then again we have to go back to VMWARE Workstation. Where
we can find our newly created Virtual Machine. Select our virtual
machine Name and Click the option “Power on this Virtual
Machine” As shown below.
The Installation of Red Hat Linux will begin inside the VMWARE
Workstation.
STEP-4 : Next Window will show the progress of Red Hat Linux
Installation process.
After completion of Installation, next window will ask
Selection of Username and Password which we have already set in
Step 2.
STEP-5 : Now we all set to use and explore the Red Hat Linux
Operating system.
PRACTICAL - 3
AIM : Installation of Linux system “RedHat” on virtual
machine.
In this practical we are demonstrating steps for
installing Windows 8.1 Operating system on VMWARE
software. For this we need ISO file of Windows 8.1.
STEP-1 : From start menu select “VMWARE workstation” or
from desktop, double click on “VMWARE workstation” icon. In
Initial window open the ISO file for installation as shown below.
Open VMWARE=>File=>New Virtual Machine………
In Welcome wizard select the installation type as typical as
show below.
In next window give the path of Windows 8.1 OS ISO file for
installation. Then click on Next.
STEP-2 : In the next window will ask the information about
windows License Key. If you don’t have it then keep it blank, fill the
other information about user Full name and Password and then
click on Next button as shown below.
As we have not provided the License Key, a message box will
prompt indicating that in future we have to provide Windows
License key. Here click on Yes button as shown below.
The next window will ask for the Name of virtual machine,
we can change it or we can keep it as default and then click on next
button as shown below.
The next will prompt for disk space we can modify it or keep it
unchanged and the click on next button as shown below.
STEP-3 : Next window informs us that virtual creation is done
after clicking the Finish button as show below.
Then wait for moment as VMWARE creates the Disk space for
installation.
Then it starts with windows initial installation screen.
In next window it shows the progress of installation.
STEP-4 : We have to wait until the VMWARE finishes the
installation of windows.
After finishing the installation on next screen we have to
provide the password that we have already created using in step 2
and click the login arrow as shown below.
After that our Windows Operating system in Virtual Machine
is ready to use as shown below.
PRACTICAL 4
Linux commands: Working with Directories
a. pwd, cd, absolute and relative paths, ls, mkdir, rmdir,
b. file, touch, rm, cp. mv, rename, head, tail, cat, tac, more, less, strings, chmod
1 . cd /…. : - to change the directory/folder of the terminal's shell.
2 . ls : - Its most basic form displays the files and directories located in your current
Directory.
3 . ls –F : - a color terminal emulator, you can use the -F parameter with the ls command
to easily distinguish files from directories.
4 . ls –F –R : - It shows files that are contained within directories in the current directory.
5 . ls –l : - The -l parameter produces a long listing format, providing more information about
each file in the directory.
6 . ls –i : - Display the index number of each file.
7 . ls –n : - Show numeric user id and group id instead of names.
8 . ls –c : - Sort by time of last modification.
9 . ls –C : - List entries by columns.
10 . ls –x : - List entries by line instead of columns.
11 . ls –X : - Sort the output by file extension.
12 . ls –t : - Sort the output by file modification time.
13 . ls –o : - In long listing don’t display owner names.
14 . touch test1 : - The touch command is the easiest way to create new, empty files.
15 . cat > test1 : - - A waits input from user, type desired text and press CTRL+D.
16 . cp test1 test2 : - the cp command copies the source file to a new file with the
filename specified as the destination.
17 . cp test1 home : - copy the file to home destination.
18 . cp –l test1 test4 : - The hard link creates a separate file that contains information
about the original file and where to locate it.
19 . cp –s test1 test5 : - The -s parameter creates a symbolic, or soft, link.
20 . mv test2 test6 : - The mv command is available to move both files and directories to
another location.
21 . mv mahi Desktop : - You can also use the mv command to move directories.
22 . rm –i test2 : - The command to remove files in the bash shell is rm. Prompt before
overwriting destination files.
23. rm test1 : - The command to remove files in the bash shell is rm.
24 . mkdir sycsB : - Use to create a new directory.
25 . rmdir sycsB : - The basic command for removing a directory is rmdir.
26 . cat –b test6 : - To number the lines that have text in them, the -b parameter is for you.
28 . cat -s test6 : - To compress multiple blank lines into a single blank line, use the -s
parameter.
29 . cat –T test6 : - If you don’t want tab characters to appear, use the -T parameter.
30 . less test6 : - The less command is actually a play on words and is an advanced
version of the more command.
31 . tail test6 : - The tail command displays the last group of lines in a file.
32 . tail –c test6 : - Display the last bytes number of bytes in the file.
33 . head –n test6 : - Display the last lines number of lines in the file.
34 . pwd : - Writes the full pathname of the current working directory to the standard output.
35 . ps l : - The -l parameter, which produces the long format output.
PRACTICAL NO – 6
WINDOWS (DOS) COMMANDS
How to open windows DOS prompt?
Right click on the start button in the lower-left corner of the screen and select the command prompt
option from the power User menu.
Date, time, prompt, md, cd, rd, path.
Date :To find the current date , MS-DOS provides the DATE commands.
Syntax : date
Time : to find the current time, MS-DOS provides te TIME commands.
Syntax TIME
Prompt : The prompt command allows you to change the MS-DOS prompt to display more or less
information.
Syntax : prompt[text]
Md : allows you to create your own directories in MS-DOS.
Syntax: MKDIR[drive:]path
Cd : CD is a change command used to switch directories in MS-DOS and the windows command line.
Syntax: CD[D]
Rd : removes an empty directory in MS-DOS. To delete directories with Files or Directories within them
or running microsoft windows 2000 or windows XP
Syntax : RMDIR[/s]
Path : path is used to specify the location where MS-Dos looks when using a command. For example
when using the command “format” the specified path.
Syntax : path ;
Chkdsk, copy, xcopy, format, fidsk, cls, defrag, del, move
Chkdsk : chkdsk is a utility that checks the computer’s hard drive for any cross-linked with the hard
drive. Run this command in administrative mode.
START>ALL PROGRAMS>ACCESSORIES>COMMAND PROMPT>RIGHT CLICK on it an RUN as
Administrator.
Sytnax: CHKDSK [VOLUME]
Copy : allows to copy one or more files to an alternate location.
Syntax :copy [/d][/v]
Xcopy: xcopy is a powerful version of the copy command with additional features.
Sytnax : XCOPYsource[destination]
Format: format is used to erase information of a computr diskette or fixed drive.
Syntax : FORMAT volume[/O]
Cls: cls is a command that allows you to clear the computer contents of the screen and leave only a
prompt.
Syntax : C:\cls@
Defrag: microsoft Defrag was first introduced with MS-Dos 6.0 and is a software utility capable of
organizing hard drive to improve system performance.
Syntax: defrag<volume>
Del : del is a command used to delete files from the computer.
Syntax : DEL[/P][/F]
8.move : allows to move files or directories from one folder to another.
Syntax: to move one or more files: MOVE[path][filename]
PRACTICAL NO- 7
WINDOW (DOS) COMMANDS-
Diskcomp, diskopy, diskpart, doskey, echo
Diskcomp : compares the contents of a floppy disks in the source drive to the contents of a floppy
disk on the target drives.
Syntax : DISKCOMP[drive1]
Diskcopy: the diskcopy utility allows a user to copy the comlete the contents of a diskette to another
diskette.
Syntax: DISKCOPY[drive1]
Doskey: doskey is an MS-DOS utility allows a user to keep the a history of command used on the
computer. Doskey allows to used command to used without having to type the command each
time is needed.
Syntax : DOSKEY[optionds]
Echo: echo is one of the most common and widely used in built command that typically used in
scripting language and batch files on standard output or a file.
Syntax: ECHO[ON|OFF]
Edit, fc, find, rename, set, type, ver
Edit: The MS-DOS editor is a command line that editor that allows you to create view or modify any
file on your computer.
Syntax: EDIT[/B][/H]
Fc: fc is used to compare two files against each other. Once completed, fc return lines that differ
between the two files.
Syntax: FC[options]
Find: allows you to search for text within a file. Additionally this command is used to find text within
a file itself. If you are wanting to search or find file with a particular name, use the dir,
command.
Syntax: FIND[SWITCH]
Rename : Used to rename files and directories from the original name to a new name.
Syntax: RENAME[drive;]
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Set: allows you to change one variable or string to another.
Syntax: SET[variable=[string]]
Type: allows the user to see the contents of a file. To edit the files, the user would need to us either
edit or copy on.
Syntax: Type[drive;]
Ver: Displays the version of MS-DOS or if running windows 95 or aove the version of Windows.
Syntax: ver
PRACTICAL – 8.1
AIM : NOTEPAD
The Notepad is a very basic text editor provided built in windows operating system. It is useful
for writing relatively short documents as a plain text.
Opening Notepad on windows
In Windows, Notepad is found in the Accessories folder in the Start Menu.
Also we can just type notepad into the start menu search box then Notepad icon will be
displayed, just click on it.
The Notepad has a limited set options. At the top of the windows we can see menus for File,
Format, View and Help as shown in screenshot.
Using the File Menu in Notepad
n File menu of notepad we get choices as New, Open, Save, Save As, Page Setup and Print. Some
submenu are having Keyboards shortcuts associated with them.
New submenu of Notepad is used to create new notepad document.
Open submenu is used to open previously created new notepad document from the machine.
The Save submenu is used to save the notepad document on hard disk at appropriate place. By
Default Notepad files are saved with “.txt” extension.
We can also save the documents with others extensions also, as we have to choose save As, and select
All Files from the save as type option. Then save our file with the extension what we want as shown in
screenshot
We can use Save as to change the encoding of our file to match a particular character set as shown in
second screenshot.
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In paper set up submenu is used to set up the page for printing. Here we can select the size of paper
from size option. Also we can select the orientation of document as Horizontal or landscape using given
radio buttons in orientation options. Also Header and Footer of printing document can be sent here.
Using the Edit Menu in Notepad
The first item on the edit submenu is Undo/Redo, which is useful while editing the document. The rest
of the menu curt, copy, paste, delete, find, next, Replace, go to, select all, and Time/date, are standard
in nearly all windows programs that deal with documents. All of these options are supported by
keyboard shortcuts.
Go to is used in conjunction with word wrap, it will work only if Word Wrap is turned
Using the Format Menu in Notepad
The Format menu offe5rs you only choices : Word Wrap and Font. By default notepad typing always
been single continuous line. We can use Word Wrap to avoid this, it automatically wrap the text to the
next line as we approach the right margin of our window
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The Font Option allows us to select list of all our installed fonts, and the option to use bold, italic and
the like. However, a change of font immediately affects the entire document. We can’t use one font on
part of the documentation and another font on another part of it. It’s all or nothing.
In the Font menu, there is a less familiar option available, the drop down menu labeled Script. This
lets us choose characters that are not available in the standard “Western ” style fonts. The choice are
Western, Greek, Turkish, Baltic , central European, Cyrillic and Vietnamese. Choose a set and we will see
some representative characters above it.The western set is selected by default and we will need to
change it to another one if necessary.
Using the view Menu in Notepad
The View menu offers only one option, Status Bar. If Word Wrap is off, we can see a notification in
the lower border of our window, showing us where the cursor is currently located in a document that is
not word-wrapped. If Word Wrap is on, the lower border is blank .
PRACTICAL – 8.2
AIM :WORDPAD
WordPad is a text-editing program available in the Microsoft windows operating system.
In windows, WordPad is found in the Accessories folder in the start menu. Also we can just type
WordPad into Start menu search box then Notepad icon will be displayed, just click on it.
We can choose several fonts from the font option as shown in screenshot. WordPad. WordPad provide
Bold, italic and underline text formatting tools.
Toolbar of also provide font size selection. We can also adjust the spacing between two lines.
The text adjustment tolls such as Indent Specifiers and Alignment tools such as Left, Centre, Right an
justify allow us to adjust the text in proper ways.
WordPad also provides Tools for inserting existing pictures from the disk also we can directly open the
paint UI, draw picture and insert into Wordpad document by using Paint Drawing Option.
If the documentation is very lengthy then we can use text searching tools provided by the
WordPad such as Find and for replacing specific string we can Replace facility provided by the WordPad.
By using Ruler we can adjust the length and width of our WordPad document.
The view menu of WordPad allows to view document in specific size by using Zoom In and Zoom out
option. Also in this menu we can display ruler of hide it. We can also Show or Hide the Status Bar. Word
wrapping and deciding measurement unit facility is also available.
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To save, go to the top left-hand corner of the WordPad screen and click the arrow in the blue box and
the select save or Save As option.
Also for printing we can select Print Option as shown in screenshot.
Practical- 8.3
AIM : PAINT
In windows paint is found in the accessories folder in the start or simply search mspaint in the searchbox
at the bottom of the of the start menu
The above picture is of a typical view of the top of the paint
The Tittle Bar:
At the left end of the Tittle Bar the first is icon is of a
little palette. If clicked, this button opens a standard window menu, offering Restore,
Move,Size,Minimize,Maximise and Close. The next four items make up the Quick Access Bar ,
offering Save, Undo, Redo and Customise.
How to move the Quick Access Bar below the ribbon:
As you can see from the above picture, you just have to click the icon besides Redo and click show
below the ribbon. It will move the entire Bar below the ribbon. You can go and refer the picture at
the very start to explore more of the options.
The Menu Bar:
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As you can see this list offers you a variety of options you can perform with your pictures, it also
provides you the information of recently saved
on your left.
View Tab:
This tab has zoom in and zoom out functions. You can repeatedly press on zoom in or zoom
out to get a closer or distant view respectively. Gridlines are convenient if we want to align
the shapes accurately. The thumbnail option will be available if there is a photo present.
The Ribbon:
The ribbon is nothing but a collection of tools to help you perform different operation on an image.
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The Clipboard Menu:
The clipboard menu offers three options Cut, Copy and Paste. The icons will be available once the
selection is made.
Besides the Clipboard Menu there is a Image Menu-Select option
Rectangular Selection: Th rectangular selection allows you to accurately select/crop a part of the image
and it is the preferred one, once selected you can drag the cursor on top of the image you want to
edit/crop
Freeform selection: After clicking freeform selection, drag the mouse around the area as if we were
drawing a line around it. When we release the mouse button , a selection rectangle will appear and it
may seem that the unwanted part is also included but if we move the selection we will see that this is
not so.
Selection option: To the right of the selection option you will see three options-Crop, Resize and Rotate.
Crop: The top button which says crop allows you to crop an image, it will only be active if an image is
selected.
Resize and Skew:
Resize: We can quickly resize a selection by dragging any of the tittle blocks or handles on the selection
rectangle.
Skew: The bottom part of the same dialogue box gives the option to skew our selection. When using the
option make our selection include a lot of border area to avoid having part of the picture chopped off.
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Rotate or Flip:
This menu lets us make mirror images of selections either vertically or horizontally, it even lets us
rotate an item 90 degrees
Invert colour:
A different set of options is available if we right click on a selection we have made. Items include: Cut,
Copy, Paste, Select all, Invert selection, Delete, Rotate, Resize, Invert colour. But for now we are
interested in the invert colour option
The Tools Menu: We will look at each icon in a stepwise manner.
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Pencil: The pencil tool can be used for free hand drawing or it can be used in a zoomed in view for pixel
by pixel editing.
Press with the left mouse button to draw with colour 1 and press with the right mouse button to draw
with colour 2.
Fill In The Colour: The fill in colour tool is used to fill an area of a single colour with a different colour.
The Text Tool: This allows you to write a text anywhere on the image or an highlighted area.
The Eraser: With the left button depressed, the eraser tool changes pixels of colour 1 to colour 2 but
leaves everything else unaffected. We can use this to quickly and easily change an area of say,
red to one say, blue
The Colour Picker: The colour picker tool is used to sample and match any colour in our picture. Its
especially useful when the picture is to be filled with multicolour.
The Magnifier: The magnifier tool can be clicked over an area of which we want a closer view. Left click
gives a closer view and right clicker gives a distant view
Brushes:
Brushes let us paint in various widths and textures. Widths are controlled by brushes. Remember that
anything we plan to recolour needs to have plain, solid colour to begin with. Here we have
different widths of brushes.
Shapes: Just besides the Brushes, we have the shapes option, click on down arrow present near the
shapes to bring down the shapes gallery. It has different types of shapes which provides
accurate shapes to the user and it way more user friendly and time efficient.
Line Thickness , The Size Tool: Besides the shapes we have the size option, this tool becomes active only
after we have chosen either a brush or a shape, so choose your brush or shape and then you will
find that we can click down arrow under size an choose a line thickness.
Colours: Besides the size option we have the colour section, it has three parts: Boxes showing the active
colours-1&2, the colour palette and the edit colours button
The Colour Boxes: Colour 1 is the foreground colour and is always black when you open the Paint or
open a new or different Paint. Colour 2
is the background colour and is always white under same conditions as mentioned earlier. To change
the colour just simply press on the options.
The Colour Palette: The top two lines of the colour palette show all the colour available whenever we
are making a picture .The line of blank squares at the bottom will show any recently used
colours.
Edit colours: The Edit Colour button takes us into the edit Colours dialogue .There we can click any
colour on an extended palette and click to Add to Custom Colours button.
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The Status Bar
The status Bar sits at the very bottom of the Paint Window, where it offers information and can be used
to help as we work. We will look at its features one by one from let to right.
First information: is about the cursor, which in this picture is 310,256px.
Second information: is about Selection Size 149*198px.
Third information: is about Disk Size- 128.5KB. This will appear once we save the image.
Fourth information: is about the zoom slider. It is convenient if were working in a zoomed-in view and
want to zoom out.
PRACTICAL- 8.5
ADJUSTING DISPLAY
RESOLUTION
Microsoft’s Windows operating system allows PC user to adjust the screen resolution, to ensure text and
image to appear clearly and sharply. At higher resolution, items will be sharper but they will also be
smaller to so we can fit more on our screen. Meanwhile at lower resolutions icons will appear bigger
which is great if the user suffers from any vision problem.
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN BELOW
Right click on the mouse and select Display setting
The above window will pop up, there are various other options you can explore but for now we will
focus on adjusting the display resolutions according to our desire.
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Scroll down a bit Here you can change the display resolutions according to what suits you well.
PRACTICAL NO-9.1
WORKING WITH LINUX DESKTOP AND UTILITIES
Vi Editor
The vi editor is the default text editor in many Linux distributions. The vi editor is an advanced text editor
with many features.
To open the vi editor in Linux.
Click on Applications -> system Tools-> Terminal …Then Type vi with file name as shown in screenshot.
The vi editor works in two main modes, one editing the text and the other for giving commands To switch
between the two modes we can use the I and Esc keys. Which used for copy, paste, and saving changes.
The insert mode is what we will work in most of the time. We use it to make changes in an open file. Enter
the insert mode press I key. Newer Vi will display the word insert on the button line are insert mode.
Press the Esc key to switch Vi back to Command mode. As soon as we hit the Esc key oon insert on the
bottom line disappears.
We have to save change to open file with command mode. Press shift- ZZ to save.
If we make a mistake when saving a file such as pressing ctrl-ZZ or Closing Vi before saving the file you’ll end
up with a swap is not readable but can be recovered by typing commands. And press enter:
Vi –r[your file name]
Once we get used to it using is easy to use.
Interacting with vi Editor
Make a new file called “joel” by opening a console and typing the line after the $ prompt and press enter:
We will get an empty console screen since Vi will start with the empty new file.
Remember, vi always start command mode so press the I key to enter the Insert mode.
Next, type the line: “Welcome to vi Editor Practical.”
Press the esc key to return to the Command mode.
Save the file by holding down the Shift key nd pressing the Z key twice ZZ.
Vi should close and we should see ur $ prompt back in the console.
Check to see if our addition to file the correcty saved. At the $ prompt, type:
For reopening the file we have created. At the $ prompt, type this and press enter:
This time Vi opens up to text in our file , not a blank screen.
Put Vi back in insert mode by pressing I add another line of text
“ It is very simple to use if you practice well”
If again we want to check the change the use cat again the $ prompt:
Repeat the entire process again, adding yet another line our file. When done that, review the file contents of
our home directory by typing this at the $ prompt and pressing Enter.
PRACTICAL NO-9.7
CREATING USERS AND SHARES (REDHAT LINUX)
Creating users
Redhat linux provides user manager appilication that allows us to view, modify, add and delete local
users and groups in the graphical user interface.
Note : To manage the users we need root Privileges, do login to system with root user,
To start the User Manager application:
System * Administration*Users and Groups
Viewing users
In order to display the main window of the user manger to view users, from the toolbar of user Manager
Select Edit @ preferences.
If we want to view all the users, that is including system users, clear the Hide system users and groups check
box.
The users tab provides a list of local users along with addition information about their user ID, primary group,
home directory, login shell and full name.
To find a specific user, type the first few letters of the name in the Search filter field and either pass enter.
We can use sort items to the available columns by clicking the column header.
Adding a New User.
To add new user, follow the steps given below
Click the Add user button.
Enter the name and full name in the fields.
Type the user’s password in the Password and confirm password fields. The password must be at least six
characters long.
Select a login shell for user the login shell drop down list default value of bin/bash.
Clear the Create home directory check box if we choosenot to create the home directory for new user in
home.
We can choose this home directory by editing the content of the Home Directory text box. Note that when
the home directory is created, default configuration files are copied.
Clear the Create a private choice for the users check box if we do not want uniquie group with the same
name as the user to be created. User private group is assigned to be user account managing file permissions
for individual users.
Specify a user ID for the user ID above 500 is assigned to b new user.
Click the OK button to complete the process.
Modifying User Properties
Select the user from the user list by clicking once on the user name.
Click properties from toolbar or File properties from the drop-down menu.
There are four tabs we can update to our preferences. When we have finished click the OK button to save our
changes.
