Terna Engineering College
Computer Engineering Department
Program: Sem VI
Course: Cloud Computing Lab (CSL603)
Faculty: Preeti Patil
Experiment No.3
A.1 Aim:
To study and Implement Infrastructure as a Service using AWS.
A.2 Prerequisite:
Understanding of Virtualization,Basics of Networking ,Basics of security and privacy.
A.3 Objective:
To demonstrate the steps to create and run virtual machines inside Public cloud
platform.
A.3 Outcome: (LO2)
After successful completion of this experiment students will be able to demonstrate
infrastructure as a service by launching EC2 instance.
A.4 Theory:
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute
capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers and system
administrators. Amazon EC2’s simple web service interface allows obtaining and configuring
capacity with minimal friction. It provides with complete control of computing resources and run
on Amazon’s proven computing environment. Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain
and boot new server instances to minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and
down, as computing requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by
allowing you to pay only for capacity that actually use. Amazon EC2 provides developers and
system administrators the tools to build failure resilient applications and isolate themselves from
common failure scenarios. Auto Scaling allows scaling Amazon EC2 capacity up or down
automatically according to conditions you define. With Auto Scaling, you can ensure that the
number of Amazon EC2 instances you’re using increases seamlessly during demand spikes to
maintain performance, and decreases automatically during demand lulls to minimize costs. Elastic
Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon
EC2 instances. It enables you to achieve even greater fault tolerance in your applications,
seamlessly providing the amount of load balancing capacity needed in response to incoming
application traffic.
Following are the steps to launch EC2 instances.
AWS account creation steps,
Step 1:Login
Step 2: Open AWS services
Step 3: Open EC2
Step 4:Select Launch Instance
Step 5: Select Amazon Linux
Step 6: Select Instance Type
Step 7: Select Next: Add storage
Step 8:Select Next: Add Tags
Step 9: Select Next: Configure Security Group
Step 10: Select Review and launch
Step 11:Select launch
Step 12: Select an existing key pair and then click Launch
Step 13: Instance State then click Connect Instance
Step 14: After connecting instance
Step 15:How to stop instance
Step 16: How to terminate an instance
PART B
(PART B: TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)
Roll No: B03 Name: Vedant Gopal Shimpi
Class : TE Comps B Batch : B1
Date of Experiment: Date of Submission
Grade :
B.1Question of Curiosity:
Q1: What is Hypervisor? List out various hypervisors which are used to create Virtual machines
Ans- A Hypervisor is a layer of software or firmware that creates and manages virtual
machines
(VMs). It allows multiple operating systems (OS) to run on a single physical machine by
abstracting the underlying hardware. The hypervisor manages the allocation of resources
like
CPU, memory, and storage to each VM, ensuring that they run independently of each other.
There are two main types of hypervisors:
1. Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-metal Hypervisor): Runs directly on the host hardware
without the need for an underlying operating system. It’s generally more efficient and
secure because it has direct access to the hardware.
Examples:
o VMware vSphere/ESXi
o Microsoft Hyper-V (when installed on bare metal)
o Xen
o KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
o Oracle VM
2. Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted Hypervisor): Runs on top of an existing operating system,
utilizing the host OS to manage hardware resources. It’s usually easier to set up but less
efficient than Type 1.
Examples:
o VMware Workstation
o Oracle VirtualBox
o Parallels Desktop
o QEMU (can also function as a Type 1 hypervisor depending on the setup)
Each type has its use cases, with Type 1 being more suitable for enterprise or data center
environments and Type 2 for personal or development use.
Q2: Compare and Contrast Hardware and Software Virtualization
Ans-
Q3: Write down steps to install VM ware workstation (with appropriate screen shot).
Ans-
Let us start Setup and Installation :
1. Installing VMware Workstation from given below link. There are two options for
downloading one is Windows and other for Linux. My Base Operating System is
Windows8, So I choose for VMware for Windows. If Your Base OS is Linux go and choose
VMware for Linux Link.
https://www.vmware.com/in/products/workstation-pro/workstation-proevaluation.html
2.Check your VMware Properties.
3. Go to Download Folder.
4. Click the VMware downloaded File and Install it.
5. Click on VMware Software and Click on Next to the Installation wizard.
6. Read and Accept the VMware End User license agreement.
Click Next to Continue.
7. Specify the Installation directory. You can also enable Enhance keyboard driver here.
Click Next to continue.
8. You can enable product startup and join the VMware Customer experience
Improvement program here.
Click Next to Continue.
9. Select the shortcuts you want to create for easy access to VMware Workstation.
Click Next to Continue.
10. Click Install button to start the installation.
11. Installation will take just few seconds to complete.
If you have license-key then click on License to enter the license or you can also click
Finish to exit the Installer.
12. Provide the License Key for VMware Workstation Pro.
Press Enter to continue.
13. Click Finish to exit the wizard.
14. That’s it we have successfully installed VMware Workstation Pro.
Now you can start the VMware Workstation Pro by clicking on the shortcut on Desktop.
VMware successfully setup and installed.
Q4: Write down steps to create virtual machines (with appropriate screen shot).
Step 1: Download and Install VirtualBox
Download VirtualBox from https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads. Select the version
for your Operating System.
Install VirtualBox.
Keep all of the default settings.
You will be prompted to install several Oracle components. Install all of them.
Step 2: Create a Virtual Machine
Start VirtualBox and Click on 'New' in the menu.
Enter the Name of your VM. This is how you will identify it in VirtualBox so name it
something meaningful to you.
Select Type and Version. This depends on what OS you are installing.
Step 3: Allocate Memory
This depends on how much memory you have on your host computer. Never allocate
more than half of your available RAM.
If you are creating a Windows VM I recommend at least (1-2 GB)
If you are creating a Linux VM I recommend at least (512 MB)
Step 4: Setup the Hard Drive
If you already have an existing VM that you want to add select "Use an existing Virtual
hard drive file."
Otherwise select "Create a virtual hard drive now."
Step 5: Select Hard Drive File Type
Select 'VDI.' This is usually the best option.
The VM will be stored in a single file on your computer with the .vdi extension.
Step 6: Select Storage on Physical Hard Drive
I recommend you choose "Dynamically allocated." This will save space on your
computer.
NOTE: "Fixed size" may have a slightly better performance, but will take up more
space on your computer.
Step 7: Setup File Location and Size
By default, Virtualbox selects the minimum size you should choose.
Depending on what you want to do with the VM you may want to select a bigger size.
NOTE: This will take up space on your computer. Do not select more space than
you are willing to give the VM
You have created a VM. Now you need to install an OS on it.
Step 8: Install the Operating System
Double click on your newly created VM (It will be on the left hand side and will have the
name you gave it in Step 2).
Browse to your installation media or .iso file.
Finish installation.
The actual installation process will depend on which OS you are installing.
Step 9: Install Guest Additions
Guest additions add more functionality to your VM, including the option to make the VM
fullscreen.
NOTE: You must install guest additions in safe mode (Windows) to enable 2D and
3D acceleration.
Boot in Safe Mode.
Instructions for Windows XP
When you have booted in Safe Mode, click Devices --> Install Guest Additions
Follow the Prompts and Install.
Shutdown the VM.
Step 10: Update Settings for 2D and 3D Acceleration
Go to the Display settings for your VM.
Check both 2D and 3D acceleration.
Increase Video Memory (I recommend 128 MB)
Start your VM.
Q.5 what do you mean by system image?
A system image refers to an exact replica or snapshot of the entire system, including the
operating system (OS), installed applications, settings, and all files stored on the disk. It
captures
everything on the disk as it exists at the time the image is created. This includes the OS, system
files, user data, and configuration settings, allowing you to restore the system to its exact state
if needed. Key Points About a System Image:
1. Complete Backup: A system image is a comprehensive backup that includes all files and
configurations. It is different from a file-level backup, which typically only saves specific
files or folders.
2. Restoration: The main use of a system image is for disaster recovery. If your system
crashes, you can restore it back to its previous state using the system image, which can
save a lot of time compared to reinstalling the OS, applications, and reconfiguring
settings manually.
3. Cloning: A system image can also be used to clone a system onto another machine,
especially useful when migrating to a new hard drive or setting up multiple systems with
identical configurations.
4. Tools to Create: You can create a system image using various tools, such as built-in
utilities in the operating system (like Windows Backup and Restore), or third-party
software like Acronis True Image, Macrium Reflect, or Clonezilla.
5. File System Integrity: A system image preserves the integrity of the file system and the
boot record, ensuring that everything, including system partitions, is exactly copied.
Q.6 List out steps to create system image backup.
Ans:
Creating a system image backup is a crucial step for data protection and disaster recovery. The
process involves creating a full copy of your operating system, installed programs, settings, and
files. Below are the steps to create a system image backup on Windows 10/11 (using built-in
tools). I'll also provide steps for using third-party software at the end.
Creating a System Image Backup on Windows 10/11 (Using Built-in Tools)
Step 1: Open Control Panel
1. Press Windows + S to open the search bar.
2. Type Control Panel and select it from the search results.
Step 2: Navigate to Backup and Restore
1. In the Control Panel, select System and Security.
2. Click on Backup and Restore (Windows 7). (Even on Windows 10/11, this is the same tool.)
Step 3: Start Creating a System Image
1. On the left panel, click on Create a system image.
2. A new window will appear asking where you want to save the system image. You have
several options:
o On a hard disk (Select an external hard drive or another internal disk).
o On one or more DVDs (This is not recommended as it requires a lot of DVDs and can be
cumbersome).
o On a network location (If you have a network drive set up, you can use this option).
3. Choose your preferred location (external hard drive is usually the most reliable and
fastest).
4. Click Next.
Step 4: Confirm the Drives to Include
1. You will be shown the drives that will be included in the system image. The C: drive (where
Windows is installed) will be selected by default. You can choose to include other drives if you
want them backed up too.
2. Ensure System Reserved and C: are selected.
3. Click Next.
Step 5: Start the Backup
1. You’ll be prompted to confirm your settings. Review your choices, and if everything looks
good,
click Start Backup.
2. The backup process will begin. This can take anywhere from several minutes to a few hours,
depending on the size of your data and the speed of your backup drive.
Step 6: Wait for the Backup to Complete
1. Once the backup is complete, you’ll see a confirmation message.
2. You’ll be asked if you want to create a System Repair Disc (recommended). This disc
can help you boot your system and restore the backup if needed.
o If you don’t have a disc, you can create a recovery USB instead (more modern option).
o If you don’t have any writable media, you can skip this step, but it’s highly
recommended for recovery purposes.
3. After completing the backup and optionally creating a repair disc, click Close.
B.2 Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment involved launching a virtual machine (instance) on AWS to
implement Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). By creating and configuring an EC2 instance, we
gained practical experience with cloud computing, including provisioning, networking, and
securing virtual machines in the public cloud. The exercise demonstrated the flexibility and
scalability of AWS, showcasing how cloud resources can be easily managed and deployed. This
hands-on experience provided a deeper understanding of cloud infrastructure and its
application in real-world scenarios.
