Instruction Manual Hv1 - 85 Sperre
Instruction Manual Hv1 - 85 Sperre
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Water-cooled
AIR COMPRESSOR
HV1/120
Sperre Industri AS Sperre Rotterdam BV Sperre Asia PTE LTD Sole suppliers of
Tel +47 70 16 11 00 Tel +31 180 463 299 Tel +65 763 63 00 genuine spare parts
Fax +47 70 16 11 10 Fax +31 180 463 264 Fax +65 763 18 11
E-mail:industri@sperre.com E-mail:rotterdam@sperre.com E-mail:asia@sperre.com
GB
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this handbook is to describe the design and function of the compressor and to provide basic
instructions for inspection and maintenance of the equipment.
To ensure proper installation, operation and maintenance from the very beginning, it is essential that the operator
should read this handbook with care and attention.
The maintenance intervals and certain technical details given in this handbook are mean values based on
experience. These values may vary depending upon the operating conditions of the individual compressor.
The manufacturer disclaims liability for damage due to unskilled operation or improper maintenance of the
equipment.
Keep the compressor in good mechanical order, and remember that proper preventive maintenance of the
equipment will reduce the risk of damage and unnecessary shutdowns.
The manufacturer reserves the right to amend technical specifications without prior notice.
CONTENTS
Page
1. ORDERING REPLACEMENT PARTS 2
2. DESCRIPTION OF COMPRESSOR 2
2.1. Design 2
2.2. Safety equipment 3
3. INSTALLATION AND OPERATION 3
3.1. Installation instructions 3
3.2. Cooling water system 3
3.3. Starting up 3
3.4. Operation 4
3.5. Stopping 4
4. FAULT TRACING 5
5. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 6
5.1. Maintenance schedule 6
5.2. Valves 7
5.3. Lubricating oil system 8
5.4. Bearings 8
5.5. Piston and piston rings 9
5.6. Flexible coupling 9
5.7. Coolers 9
5.8. Fitters 9
6. TECHNICAL DATA 10
7. REPLACEMENT PARTS LIST 11
8. ILLUSTRATIONS FOR REPLACEMENT
PARTS LIST 12-16
9. ILLUSTRATIONS 17-21
A list of replacement parts and drawings of the various components will be found at the end of this handbook.
A. COMPRESSOR TYPE
B. COMPRESSOR SERIAL NUMBER
C. PART NUMBER AND DESCRIPTION
D. QUANTITY ORDERED
E. RATED WORKING PRESSURE OF COMPRESSOR
The type designation (A) and serial number (B) are shown on the rating plate which is fixed to the crankcase.
Pleace note that the manufacturer does not supply oversize or undersize parts, or unmachined parts for further machining
and fitting.
The manufacturer disclames all liability for damage due to the use of non-genuine replacement parts.
2. DESCRIPTION OF COMPRESSOR
2.1 Design
The machine coverded by this instruction book is a single cylinder, 2-stage single-acting watercooled air compressor. The
design principle is shown in the cross-sectional drawing Fig. 2.
The first stage of the compressor is the lowpressure stage (LP) and the second is the highpressure stage (HP).
Air circulation through the compressor is shown in Fig. 3. The letters indicate:
A Suction filter
B LP suction valve
C LP delivery valve
D LP safety valve
E LP cooler
F HP suction valve
G HP delivery valve
H HP cooler
I HP safety valve
The compressor is splash-lubricated from the crankcase sump. The crankshaft bearings are two-row ball bearings, the big-
end bearing is a two-shell plain bearing, and the gudgeon pin bearing is an undivided press-fitted plain bearing.
Vertical cooling tubes are rolled into the compressor cylinder block. These serve to cool the air after first-stage compression
and again after second-stage compression. The cooling water intake and outlet are located so that the water circulates
through the cylinder block and ensures efficient cooling of the air and compressor cylinder walls.
The compressor compresses air from atmospheric pressure to rated pressure, with an upper limit of 35 bars.
The compressor is designed for installation together with an electric motor or other drive unit on a well-stiffended base, with
a flexible coupling between compressor and motor.
Every compressor is tested before delivery from the factory, and all compressor sets supplied with motor are aligned before
dispatch. See chapters 3.1. and 5.6.
This compressor is designed to supply compressed air for engine starting, and for the operation of air power equipment and
instruments. It complies with the requirements specified by the classification institutions.
The compressor is fitted with two safety valves, one after the first-stage compression and the other after second-stage
compression.
The safety valves, which are set at the factory in accordance with the working pressure specified by the customer, ensure
that the pressure does not exceed the limit for which the compressor and the compressed air system are dimensioned.
The cylinder block cooling jacket is fitted with a safety plate which will be blow out if the cooling water is subjected to
excessive pressure. Use only manufacturer's genuine safety plates to replace blown plates.
Every compressor unit is supplied complete with drawings and specifications showing its dimensions and attachment points.
The customer also receives installation instructions giving recommendations for the installation of equipment and piping.
The compressor unit should be installed in a location where the air is not excessively warm. Warm intake air reduces the
o
capacity of the compressor. Normally, the ambient temperature for electrical equipment should not exceed 45 C.
The compressor unit bedplate should lie plane to its foundation. After the unit is installed, check the alignment of
compressor and motor. The procedure is shown in Fig.4.
Use vernier callipers or inside micrometer callipers to check the distance (W) (Fig.4). This should be the same around the
whole circumference of the coupling.
Using a micrometer (A), check the radial misalignment between the coupling halves as shown in Fig.4. The maximum
micrometer reading (A) should be as illustrated in Fig. 4.
Even if the unit has been installed on vibration dampers, an alignment check is to be recommended after installation.
Other equipment should not be installed around the compressor unit in such a way that inspection and maintenance
operations may be hampered.
It is of the greatest importance to the operation and life of the compressor that a good and reliable supply of cooling water is
ensured. The quantities of cooling water required are given in Table T.1. These specifications apply to both seawater and
freshwater cooling.
Whether the compressor is connected to a central cooling system or has its own separate cooling water pump, it is
important to ensure that the cooling water is circulating properly. In this connection it is not sufficient simply to check that the
compressor pressure gauge is registering cooling water pressure.
If the cooling water feed temperature is too low, increased internal condensation may result. If this is the case, the cooling
water temperature should be increased. If the temperature cannot be increased by recirculation, condensation can be
reduced by reducing the supply of cooling water.
The cylinder block cooling jacket is equipped with a thermometer for the monitoring of cooling water temperature.
3.3. Starting up
Before initial starting up and after long periods out of use, carry out he following operations:
During normal operation, pressures and temperatures should be as shown in Table T.2. Some of the values, which are
directly affected by local conditions, may deviate slightly from the figures in the table.
Operation of the compressor is normally monitored by the automatic features of the starting equipment, e.g. thermostat
monitoring of cooling water temperature. However, additional regular checking of operation and automatic functions is
recommended.
Some water form the air will always condence in the system.
The compressor oil and water traps should be regularly drained by hand, unless this function is performed by an automatic
draining system.
3.5. Stopping
If the compressor is to be shut down for a long period, e.g. when a ship is to be laid up, the procedure is as follows:
AA. Lubricate compressor valves, non return valves, cylinder wallsand exposed crankshaft surfaces with corrosin-inhibiting
oil, suitable for the envisaged period of shutdown.
BB. If there is any risk of frost, drain the cooling water from the compressor.
CC. Drain off old oil, clean the sump and refill with new oil.
DD. Set the manual valve opener in the horizontal position to relieve he load on the suction valve.
EE. Turn over the compressor manually once a month.
FF. The starter cabinet and other electrical equipment should also be protected from damage by corrosion.
The following are some of the faults that may arise in operation.
Non-return valve Remove and clean non- G. Excessive lube oil consumption.
blocked return valve. Replace
defective parts. Possible causes Remedy
D. Valves require maintenance too frequently. Piston rings worn out Replace piston rings.
Change the lube oil after approximately the first 200 hours of running in. Drain off the oil while it is warm, clean the
crankcase before refilling with new oil. When cleaning, it is important not to use rags that may leave threads or fluff in the
crankcase.
The following maintenance schedule is intended as a guideline for normal maintenance. However, compressor operating
conditions vary widely from installation to installation and it is therefore important to adapt the maintenance schedule to the
experience of the individual operator.
Maintenance Maintenance
intervals routine
Daily A
Every 500 hours B
Every 1000 hours C
Every 3000 hours D
Every 9000 hours E
Every 12000 hours F
Routine C Routine E
Before ordering replacement parts, please read the instructions for ordering parts.
In the parts list and drawings each valve is shown complete, with its own part number, and also dismantled with the part
numbers of the individual components.
After overhaul or replacement of parts, assemble the valves in sequence as shown in the drawing of the dismantled valve.
When assembling valves, lubricate the nut and valve bolt and tighten to the torques (in kpm) given below:
IMPORTANT:
Before attempting to check compressor valves, loosen the clamping screw on the valve cover before removing the cover.
After inspecting and overhauling valves, it is essential that the clamping screw, which bears against the valve clamping
piece and which keeps the valve in place on its seat, should be tightened with an unbrako key to the torque shown in Table
T.3.
Regular and careful maintenance of valves is essential to the capacity and reliability of the compressor. We therefore
recommend overhaul in accordance with the following guidelines:
A. When cleaning and dismantling the valve, never clampthe valve directly in a vice to loosen the centre bolt nut.
A special clamping jig for this purpose, suitable for all valves, is available from the factory on request. A simple
makeshift for clamping the valve is to set it in a vice between two pins which fit into the outermost seat slots of the
valve.
B. Clean the valve components and check them carefully. IMPORTANT: Never use sharp implements on sealing surfaces
and plate parts.
C. Replace all parts that are worn or even slightly scored. Check that all guide pins are in order. Maximum wear limit is
10% of the total thickness of components.
D. If a valve spring or spring plate shows signs of weak-ness, all springs must be replaced at the same time, because
damage can result if some springs operate longer than others. Replacement of all valve springs is recommended after
about 5000 hours running time, even if the springs do not look worn.
E. If there are signs of abrasion or scoring of the valve seat sealing ledges, these must be machined. Most valves are
drilled for guide pins, with spare holes for new pins. Guide pins can be driven out by means of a suitable tool. If it
proves impossible to remove a broken pin, use one of the spare holes.
F. To remove the valve centre bolt, mark the centre of the pin with a centre punch and then drill out the pin. Remove the
centre bolt. After refitting the bolt, drill a hole for the safety pin, drive the pin securely into place and peen the end to
prevent it from falling out.
G. After completion of machining and careful replacement of guide pins in their respective holes in the valve seating
and/or catch plate, check that the ends of the pins do not but against the bottom of the holes in the matching parts.
Assembly of valves demands precision, care and forethought. Make sure that the various parts are correctly located and
that the right numbers are installed. Compare with the lists and drawings of parts to ensure that the right number of parts is
present. Total lifting heights of valve plates are given in Table T.4.
IMPORTANT:
Accumulation of condencate in the crankcase may present a serious problem under certain operating conditions, and it is
important that the operator should check from the very beginning whether condensate in the lubricating oil is liable to
become a problem.
Unless the condensed water emulsifies with the lubricating oil, it will separate out and there is a risk that the compressor will
be lubricated with water.
The choise of lube oil is of great importance to the reliable operation of the compressor. The manufactorers have performed
extensive tests of lube oils for the oil companies, and the following is a list of lubricants recommended on the basis of these
tests.
5.4. Bearings
The compressor has replaceable, two-shell plain big-end bearings. The crankshaft bearings are two-row ball bearings.
The gudgeon pin bearings is a single shell plain bearing, press-fitted into the little end. Tolerances and clearances for
connecting rod, crankshaft and gudgeon pin bearings are given in Table T.4.
After inspection or replacement of the big-end bearing it is important to ensure that the bearing does not bind on the
crankshaft. It must be possible to turn over the compressor manually.
New two-shell bearings are coated with a running-in compound at the factory.
When replacing the piston in the cylinder, the piston rings are accessible through the HP valve ports and can be eased in
place in the HP cylinder.
If the gudgeon pin has been removed, it is important to ensure when reassembling that the locking screw is installed inside
the piston so that it fits into the drilled locking recess of the gudgeon pin.
A. Loosen the nuts on each coupling half and give each one a sharp tap with a hammer before removing them
completely. This will cause the bolts to loosen from their conical holes in the coupling halves.
B. Remove the bolts and take out the flexible coupling. Avoid spilling oil on the flexible coupling.
The coupling half on the motor is keyed and shrunk on to the axle.
Alignment
The prinsiple and values for checking alignment are shown in Fig. 4.
A. Micrometer/dial indicator
B. Magnetic base
C. Flywheel
D. Coupling half, motor
E. Flexible coupling
Check the angle (W) by means of inside micrometer callipers or vernier callipers. The distance (W) in mm should be the
same around the whole circumference of the coupling halves
Check parallel misalignment (A) between coupling halves as shown, around the circumference of the coupling halves (C).
Values in mm for maximum parallel misalignment are given in Fig.4.
5.7. Coolers
To ensure reliable operation of the compressor it is important to keep the LP and HP coolers free from deposis of carbon
and cooling water salts etc. Insufficient cooling causes excessive air temperature and progressively increases the formation
of carbon deposits.
The cooling tubes are rolled (or expanded) into the cylinder block at both ends.
If the cooling tubes show signs of severe corrosions or wear, the old tubes can be drilled out and new tubes rolled (or
expanded) in.
5.8. Filter
The air filter should be cleaned by means of a good degreasing agent. Blow the filter clean with compressed air and give it a
thin coating of compressor oil.