SJB School of Architecture

Construction Equipment

by asst prof:Dashnaamurthy.M
 Construction Equipment and machinery used in construction
Importance of construction equipment
• Modern Construction equipment plays a vital role in the construction
industry where business objectives are strictly time and margin driven.
The modern construction equipment's are very swift and reliable with
high-quality control measures embedded into them as they have evolved
over the years.
• Proper utilization of these equipment helps in the economy, quality,
safety, speed and timely completion of the project. It optimizes the
usage of material, manpower, finance, and the shortage of skilled and
efficient labor and at the same time keeps a direct check over the quality
measures that are being used.
Construction Equipment and machinery used in construction
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment

• Construction equipment or Heavy Equipment selection is difficult just

because of the main only reason costing of the machine.
• A small amount of investment does not require much attention. While
you are doing investment with the bigger amount you need to focus on
that investment in need to check all angles of that.
• The advantages and disadvantages of equipment will clear you what
exactly steps you need to take.
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
1.Requirement of Equipment
• Really you required that equipment or you can get it done your work without
that equipment also because many time company or individual do the
investment that not even necessary.
• It commonly happens that for certain single work you buy that equipment due to
the nonavailability of equipment in the market on a rental basis. So be sure that
without that machine can you get done your work.
2.Operating Cost of Equipment
• Before you make a decision check the operating cost of equipment. Elephant
feeding cost is higher than the buying cost. If the Operating cost of the machine
higher than the investment please check the ROI.
• Operating Cost includes transportation, labor costs, Electricity Cost, Fuel
Consumption, Operator cost need to check in excel what is per month, or yearly
costing. Do you get the real benefit of what you are looking for?
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
3.Owning Cost
• Owning cost is different than the operating cost. Owning costs consider buying
costs. An investment made on the purchase of machinery. Owing cost includes
the EMI Costing, Financier yearly fees, purchase price. You need to check both
costing operating + owning. Does both these cost allow you to buy machinery?
4.Suitable for Construction Project
• Does your investment suitable to project for what you are making an
investment. The wrong decision puts you in the problem. A wrong decision will
make more costing or even not fulfill your requirement. So be sure if don’t have
technical knowledge then take the help of consultancy they will help you out to
make the right decision.
• Don’t take advice from manufacturer sales guys they always guide you in which
they have more profit. Try to take help from where you get unbiased help.
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
5.Labour Consideration
• Does your investment impact on labor? If so take decision wisely calculate the
investment costing against the labor costing. Check the Union reaction also it
might happen that one machine investment lay off all the labor from the
company. So the decision should be such that everyone happy and even its favor
to the company also.
6.Selection of Machinery
• The selection of machinery is another factor needs to check very seriously. The
machine should be advanced technology-enabled. Give you more productive
results at minimum operating costs. Machinery manufacturer dealers or service
persons should near you so that the anytime service need can be fulfilled.
Maintenance costs should be lower as compared to other competitive machinery
manufacturers. Compare the financial benefits of the manufacturer who give
you more benefits in terms of advance and credit.
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
7.Brand and Model
• Select brand and model that is most demanded in the market because if in future
if you need to rent it out so you get the good rental income from your heavy
equipment.
• Out of the many models and brands take care of the resale value also of
equipment. Is there any policy of buyback from the manufacturer if not then ask
to have it before finalizing the equipment. Compare the model of 2 or more
brands with the same capacity
8.Availability of Spare Parts
• Do spare parts are easily available for your constriction equipment? If spare
parts are not easily available in the market will cost you in the future and it can
stop your working project site and impact on your income. The single seal of a
cylinder can stop your whole project site work.
 Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
9.Economic life of Construction Equipment
• The economic life of the machine will give you recover the cost as per the
financial as well as the market value. Be clear with economic life until when the
machine gives you income and also consider the resale value of the machine.
10.Unit Cost of Production
• Be clear with a unit cost of production so you have an idea what charges you
should ask when you have a contract per cubic based project. Project-based
work give more benefit as compare to rental base. Before you buy any of the
equipment ask for sale a person per hour maintenance cost of equipment. Like
JCB operating cost per hour is 700 rupees. The same all other equipment has its
own unit cost of production.
Whether construction equipment or any other equipment factor affecting selection
of construction equipment processes will more or less the same.
 Standard and special equipment
Standard Equipment's:
• These are designed to meet the wide demand of the equipment users and
to sell in large quantities at comparatively low prices.
• A standard machine is the result of years of experience and therefore has
considerable reliability in the operation.
• A standard machine performs at fairly great difference in output and
speed.
• Availability and delivery of these are easy and fast and unit cost of
production is less.
These are manufactured commonly and easily available from the dealers.
 Standard and special equipment
Special Equipment's:
• These are generally manufactured to perform specialized operations.
Such equipment's results in low wage cost and low capital costs per unit
of output, when the plant operates at high capacity.
• The initial equipment in such equipment is comparatively high and there
is the risk of loss of investment in the equipment when radical design
changes occur or the character of the demand changes.
• Availability and delivery of these equipment's is difficult and delayed.
• Special order has to be placed to get such equipment.These are
fabricated as per requirement.
Unit cost of production is high.
 COST OF OPERATING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
• Operating costs of the construction equipment, which represent a
significant cost category and should not be overlooked, are the costs
associated with the operation of a piece of equipment. They are incurred
only when the equipment is actually used. The operating costs of the
equipment are also called ‘‘variable’’ costs because they depend on
several factors, such as the number of operating hours, the types of
equipment used, and the location and working condition of the
operation.
• The operating costs vary with the amount of equipment used and job-
operating conditions. The best basis for estimating the cost of operating
construction equipment is the use of historical data from the experience
of similar equipment under similar conditions. If such data is not
available, recommendations from the equipment manufacturer could be
used.
 Economic life of equipment
• Construction equipment has two types of life estimates the economic life and
physical life.
• A machine can be rendered usable for long period of time through expensive
maintenance and repair cost.
• A equipment's may have smaller economic life during which it gives more rate
of return.
• The economic life may be defined as the age in years and replacement that
maximize the profit return from the equipment's.
• If the owner replace the equipment very soon, he will have unnecessary loss
where as he waits very long, The equipment will have exhausted its periods of
economic operations.
• During the serving period of the equipment, a stage reaches when cost of
operation exceeds profit.
 Types of construction equipment's
The following machinery list helps any construction industry:
• Hydraulic Mobile Stone Crusher
• Self Loading Concrete Mixer
• Mini Dumper
• Concrete pipe truck
• Excavators
• Backhoe Loaders
• Bulldozers
• Skid-Steer Loaders
• Motor Graders
• Crawler Loaders
• Trenchers
• Scrapers
• Common Dump Trucks
 Types of construction equipment's

Hydraulic Mobile Stone Crusher

• Hydraulic-driven stone crusher is
mostly used for crushing and
screening in many applications, such
as road construction, bridge
construction, building, mining,
metallurgical and energy industries,
etc. Commonly materials like
granite, marble, basalt, iron ore,
copper ore, coal, slag and others are
easy to be crushed by the mobile
stone crusher.
 Types of construction equipment's
SELF LOADING CONCRETE MIXER
• Self Loading Concrete Mixers reduce
labor and time in various construction
sites. Single Operator can weigh and load
the exact required amount of cement,
sand and aggregates from different
locations, and mix the concrete while in
transit to your preferred work site, all
done within no time.
Self Loading Concrete Mixer Features
• Reliable, High-Performance Concrete
Mixing
• Compact Design
• Fully Automatic Operation
 Types of construction equipment's

MINI DUMPER
• This mini dumper truck is a
mechanical design with 4wheels
driven. The max loading weight is
250kgs. It can be used on outdoor
sites, carrying bricks, cement bags,
sand and stones around various sites.
There have rich accessories such as a
flatbed, extended sides, ball hitch,
power lift and so on.
 Types of construction equipment's

CONCRETE PIPE TRUCK

• Concrete pump trucks place the
concrete right where you need it,
pumping concrete is fast which saves
on labor cost, pumping the concrete
reduces the amount of manpower
you need to place the concrete
 Types of construction equipment's

EXCAVATORS
• Excavator is large machinery that can
be driven on wheels or tracks, but
tracks are more standard for such large
machinery. An excavator has a long
arm attached to a pivoting cab that can
rotate 360 degrees. The long arm is
operated off the cab with a high vision
facility.
 Types of construction equipment's
The most common uses for an excavator
include:
• Material handling
• Excavating trenches, dugouts, and
foundations
• Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
• Destruction
• Rough grading
• Heavy lifting and pipe installation
• Mining
TYPES OF EXCAVATOR:
• Compact excavator
• Crawler excavator
• Wheeled excavators
• Dragline excavator
• Bucket wheel excavator
• Long reach excavator
 Types of construction equipment's

BACKHOE LOADERS
• Backhoe loaders have a body that is
similar to a farm tractor an adjustable
shovel is attached to the back for
digging. This machine is in a medium-
sized construction facility. It is capable
of working in a limited space, and it
can perform various operations like
moving dirt, backfill excavations, dig
holes and trenches, and place pipes and
other materials. The bucket in the back
can be changed to dig trenches of
different widths.
 Types of construction equipment's

BULLDOZERS
• A bulldozer is a powerful, extremely
heavy machine employed to move dirt.
Bulldozer considered as a strongest and
most solid heavy machinery in the
construction industry. Bulldozers have
a wide, flat blade in front of the cabin
is operated using two hydraulic pistons
to move the blade in a limited range of
angles and depths. A bulldozer's
heavyweight can crush the solid stones
in the way of its operations.
 Types of construction equipment's

SKID-STEER LOADERS
• Skid-steer loaders are small and quick
they can turn within its own footprint,
like a tank. It is wheel driven with
good traction in snow and mud.
• These loaders come in different sizes
and can be equipped with various tools
to perform digging, drilling,
compacting, log grappling, jack-
hammering, and other tasks.
 Types of construction equipment's

MOTOR GRADERS
• Motor Graders are heavy machinery
equipped with an adjustable blade that
meets different angles and creates a
flat surface. It can also be fitted with a
second blade in the front axle for some
instances it can be used for
underground mining.
• Motor graders are typically used to
fine-grade dirt or gravel roads or to
prepare the road base course. Graders
can also be used to create sloped
surfaces.
 Types of construction equipment's

CRAWLER LOADERS
• A crawler loader is a mixture between
an excavator and a backhoe. Its tracks
give it exceptional stability, and its
versatile bucket makes it useful for
moving soil and detritus for loading
material onto trucks. Crawler loaders
are also used as excavator on
relatively small projects.
 Types of construction equipment's

• TRENCHERS
A trencher is used to dig trenches,
usually narrow trenches for piping and
cabling. It sizes, from small walk-
behind versions to very large machines
that can cut asphalt pavement and
other hard surfaces. It has a conveyor
system that carries the excavated
material and deposits it onto the
ground next to the trench. Trenchers
can use different digging implements
depending on the depth of the trench
and material being excavated.
 Types of construction equipment's

SCRAPERS
• A scraper can move dirt and heaps
quickly around a construction site and
is used primarily for digging and
leveling large areas of land. Scrapers
are large heavy machinery designed
for open areas, where they can run at
high speeds for cut and fill operations.
Large self-propelled scrapers are
called motor scrapers. There are
smaller scrapers, called pull scrapers,
that are pulled behind another vehicle.
 Types of construction equipment's

COMMON DUMP TRUCKS

• Dump trucks are needed on every large
job site. These trucks offer limited
function but perform the all-important
task of transferring and dumping many
types of heavy material. They are also
road-ready, so they can bring material
into or out of site and can travel
anywhere. Dump trucks come in many
different sizes for different capacity and
load needs, ranging from small utility-
type trucks to enormous machines used
in mining operations.
 The Advantages and Disadvantages of using equipment's and
machineries at construction site are as follows:

Advantages:
They help increasing the rate of output through work progress with the best effective and
efficient methods.
• Reduce the overall construction costs especially for large contracts.
• Tasks which are too heavy or too delicate for human muscles to do can be done easily by
a machine or equipment.
• Carry out activities which cannot be done manually or to do them more economically and
much faster.
• Maintain the planned rate of production where there is shortage of skilled or unskilled
labor.
• Maintain high quality standards often required by present-day design and specifications.
• Equipment that’s still got some life in it always has a resell or trade value.
 The Advantages and Disadvantages of using equipment's and
machineries at construction site are as follows:

Disadvantages:
• Only skilled labors can run successful operations on machines.
• Buying brand new equipment can be very costly and affect
• Many machine's are not considered for long term perspective , some are for short period.
• Training workers to work on the new equipment also adds to the cost, as company has to
invest in both workers and machines.
• Taking care of storage, maintenance and transportation can also prove a challenge.
• Big factories pollute their surroundings and make them filthy and insanitary.