Detailed Roadmap for Full Stack Software Testing
This roadmap covers end-to-end testing for full-stack applications, including Frontend, Backend, Database, APIs, Security, Performance, and DevOps Integration.
1. Fundamentals of Testing
1.1 Software Testing Basics
Types of Testing: Unit, Integration, System, Regression, Smoke, Sanity, Acceptance
Testing Levels: Component, Integration, System, Acceptance
Testing Methods: Manual vs. Automated, Black-box vs. White-box vs. Grey-box
1.2 SDLC & STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle)
Requirement Analysis → Test Planning → Test Case Design → Test Execution → Defect Reporting → Test Closure
1.3 Test Documentation
Test Plan, Test Cases, Test Scripts, Traceability Matrix, Defect/Bug Reports
2. Frontend Testing
2.1 UI Testing
Tools: Selenium, Cypress, Playwright, Puppeteer
Validation : Layout, Responsiveness, Cross-Browser Testing (BrowserStack, Sauce Labs)
2.2 Functional Testing
Unit Testing: Jest, Mocha, Jasmine (JavaScript), PyTest (Python)
Component Testing: React Testing Library, Enzyme
E2E Testing: Cypress, Playwright, Selenium WebDriver
2.3 Accessibility Testing
Tools: Axe, WAVE, Lighthouse
WCAG Compliance: Keyboard Navigation, Screen Reader Testing
2.4 Visual Regression Testing
Tools: Percy, Applitools, BackstopJS
3. Backend Testing
3.1 API Testing
REST API Testing: Postman, RestAssured, Karate DSL
GraphQL Testing : Apollo Client, GraphQL Playground
Validation : Status Codes, Response Payloads, Schema Validation (JSON Schema)
3.2 Database Testing
SQL Testing : Query Validation, Data Integrity, Joins, Stored Procedures
NoSQL Testing: MongoDB, Cassandra (Data Consistency, Indexing)
Tools: DBUnit, SQL Query Analyzer
3.3 Performance Testing (Backend)
Load Testing : JMeter, Gatling, k6
Stress Testing : Breaking point analysis
Scalability Testing: Horizontal/Vertical Scaling
4. Security Testing
4.1 OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities
SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF, Broken Authentication, Sensitive Data Exposure
Tools: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, SQLMap, Nmap
4.2 Authentication & Authorization Testing
JWT Validation, OAuth 2.0, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
4.3 Penetration Testing
Manual & Automated Ethical Hacking (Metasploit, Kali Linux)
5. Performance & Load Testing (Full Stack)
5.1 Frontend Performance
Lighthouse Audits: Page Load Time, TTI (Time to Interactive)
Optimization: Lazy Loading, CDN, Caching
5.2 Backend Performance
Latency, Throughput, Error Rates
Database Query Optimization : Indexing, Query Profiling
5.3 Tools
JMeter, Gatling, Locust, k6
New Relic, Datadog (Monitoring)
6. DevOps & CI/CD Testing
6.1 Test Automation in CI/CD
GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins, CircleCI
Pipeline Stages: Linting → Unit Tests → Integration Tests → E2E Tests → Deployment
6.2 Containerized Testing
Dockerized Test Environments
Kubernetes Testing : Helm Charts, K6 for Cloud-Native Apps
6.3 Infrastructure Testing
Terraform Validation
Chaos Engineering : Gremlin, Chaos Monkey
7. Specialized Testing
7.1 Mobile App Testing
Appium, Detox, Espresso (Android), XCTest (iOS)
Real Device Testing (Firebase Test Lab, AWS Device Farm)
7.2 AI/ML Testing
Model Validation, Bias Testing, Data Drift Detection
7.3 Blockchain Testing
Smart Contract Testing (Truffle, Hardhat)
Consensus Testing
8. Advanced Topics
8.1 Shift-Left & Shift-Right Testing
Early Testing in SDLC (Shift-Left)
Production Monitoring (Shift-Right)
8.2 Test Data Management
Synthetic Data Generation, Masking, Subsetting
8.3 AI in Testing
Self-Healing Tests, Visual AI, Predictive Analytics
9. Certifications & Learning Path
ISTQB (Foundation, Agile, Automation)
AWS/Azure/GCP Testing Certifications
Security Certifications (CEH, OSCP)
10. Tools & Frameworks Summary
Category Tools
UI Testing Selenium, Cypress, Playwright
API Testing Postman, RestAssured, Karate
Performance JMeter, k6, Gatling
Security OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite
Mobile Appium, Detox
CI/CD Jenkins, GitHub Actions
Database DBUnit, SQLMap
Final Tips
Start with manual testing before automation
Focus on API & Database testing for backend reliability
Integrate security early (DevSecOps)
Use real devices for mobile testing
Monitor production for post-deployment issues
This roadmap ensures full coverage of testing in modern software development.
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