Southern Illinois University - Summer 2021
German 113, Chapter 4 Syllabus
Professor Burchell, Section 8
March 09, 2021
Moving towards the west-northwest, the system is estimated to maintained sustained
winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) as it passed between North Carolina and Bermuda. Turning
towards the northeast, it was last observed to the south of Newfoundland on September 11.
(Wilson et al., 2022)
Class Date: 1/11/2024
Professor’s Note: Be sure to define all key terms at the beginning.
GENERIC CONTENT:
## Analysis
Chenoweth also argued for the removal of this cyclone from HURDAT, noting there was "No
evidence in land-based reports or from ships". A ship known as Titan recorded sustained
winds of September 12.
## Findings
However, it could not be determined if the Titan actually encountered the storm, given that
the location was not logged. : 40
=== Hurricane Six ===
On September 25, a tropical storm was first noted in the western Caribbean, north of
Honduras. Upon striking the Yucatán Peninsula shortly afterwards, the storm briefly
weakened into a tropical depression. However, when the system emerged into the Gulf of
Mexico, it attained tropical storm status once again.
## Discussion
Steadily gaining strength, the cyclone reached hurricane status on September 28, after
reports from the ship Emma D. Finney indicated such. Moving north-northeastward, the
storm made landfall near Cedar Key, Florida several hours later, with an estimated
minimum central pressure of 981 mbar (29.0 inHg). The system briefly fell to tropical storm
status over the state, but strengthened into a hurricane again after exiting near Jacksonville
and crossing the Gulf Stream. It hit South Carolina as a hurricane that same day, with the
center passing just east of Charleston and west of Wilmington. : 13 The storm lost hurricane
status again over eastern North Carolina.
## Background
Thereafter, the system crossed the northeastern United States, becoming extratropical on
September 30 over Maine. On October 1, it dissipated over eastern Canada. Few reports of
damage in Florida exist.
## Conclusion
: 68 Jacksonville observed sustained winds of 48 mph (77 km/h). Stronger winds impacted
coastal Georgia, with a sustained wind speed of 68 mph (109 km/h) at the Tybee Island
Lighthouse.
## Analysis (List)
- Tides generated by the storm inundated portions of the island with up to 3 ft (0.91 m) of
water.
- Heavy rainfall in the Savannah area raised the height of the river to its highest height in 20
years and flooded many rice plantations, causing about $100,000 in damage.
- Coastal flooding also occurred in South Carolina, including in Charleston, where parts of
The Battery were swept away.
- In North Carolina, Virginia, and several other states to the north, there were reports of
trees being brought down, and shipping disrupted.
## Findings (List)
- At Smithville (present-day Southport) several houses, warehouses, telegraph lines and
railroad bridges were destroyed.
- Additionally, about 33% of rice crops along the Cape Fear River were damaged.
## Discussion
: 13 This was also the first hurricane ever to be recorded on a weather map by the U.S.
Weather Bureau.
## Background
The reanalysis study authored by Chenoweth proposed few changes to this system
compared to HURDAT, other than some small eastward and westward along different
sections of the track and a slightly earlier extratropical transition. === Hurricane Seven ===
The track for this storm begins about 290 mi (465 km) northwest of Barranquilla, Colombia,
on October 31, one day before Jamaica first observed sustained hurricane-force winds.
## Conclusion
Moving towards the east-northeast, the storm attained hurricane status on November 1,
while situated just south of Jamaica. Upon making landfall in the island nation near Rocky
Pointon November 2, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane with 105 mph
(165 km/h) winds.
## Analysis
After crossing Jamaica, the system weakened into a Category 1 hurricane and then further
into a tropical storm prior to making landfall in eastern Cuba late on November 2. The
system emerged in the Bahamas on the next day, and strengthened into a hurricane once
again early on November 4.
## Findings
Several hours later, the hurricane was last sighted to the northeast of the Bahamas. Jamaica
experienced its worst hurricane in more than 40 years. Kingston reported sustained winds
of 81 mph (130 km/h). According to a telegraph from the city, the hurricane wrecked or
destroyed 17 vessels.
## Discussion (List)
- : 41 Heavy rains led to landslides and floods that swept away some bridges and animals
throughout the island, while winds toppled many trees and damaged crops, especially
plantains, yam, sugar cane,: 2 and coffee.
- The hurricane also severely damaged or destroyed a number of homes.
- At least five deaths occurred and damage in the Kingston area alone reached $75,000.
- Chenoweth's study begins the track of this storm to the southeast of Jamaica.
- The storm instead moves northwestward across the island and then curved north-
northeastward thereafter, striking Cuba north of Manzanillo.
## Background
Thereafter, the cyclone treks slightly farther west over the Bahamas. === Other storms ===
Chenoweth proposed two other storms not currently listed in HURDAT. The first such
system formed over the western Atlantic on August 23. Attaining hurricane status on the
next day, the cyclone meandered slowly for about a week before dissipating on August 30
while well offshore the Southeastern United States. Chenoweth's second unofficial storm
began over the central Atlantic on September 14 about halfway between Bermuda and the
Azores.
## Conclusion
Moving generally northeastward, Chenoweth last documented the cyclone west-northwest
of the Azores on September 16. == Seasonal effects ==
This is a table of all of the known storms that formed in the 1874 Atlantic hurricane season.
References / Works Cited:
1. Wikipedia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wikipedia.org/
2. Random Book Title (2022). Academic Publishing House.
