Haemoglobins are proteins with a quaternary structure that transport oxygen in various organisms, loading it in areas of high partial pressure and unloading it in low pressure regions, as illustrated by the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. The cooperative binding of oxygen allows haemoglobin to change shape, facilitating the binding of additional oxygen molecules. The Bohr effect describes how increased carbon dioxide concentration decreases haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, adapting to different environmental needs among species.