Elocution: Was Nationalism The Primary
Cause of World War 1?
Though not the only contributing factor, nationalism played a significant role in
the start of World War I. Additional elements that fueled the conflict included
militarism, alliances, and imperialism. Nationalism caused rivalries between
France, Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia.
In many countries, nationalism created a sense of superiority, where nations
believed their culture, military, and interests were more important than others'.
In Germany, this sense of pride grew after their unification, making them more
aggressive in asserting their power. Meanwhile, France, still bitter over its defeat
in the Franco-Prussian War, was driven by a strong desire to regain lost territory.
In Eastern Europe, particularly in the Balkans, nationalism was even more
explosive. Various ethnic groups, especially the Serbs, wanted independence
from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. When a Serbian nationalist assassinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in 1914, it
set off a chain of events that led to war.
But it wasn't just nationalism. Militarism played a big role too, with countries
racing to build powerful armies and navies. This arms race made it easier for
nations to turn to violence. Alliances also made the conflict larger than it might
have been, as countries were bound to defend each other, dragging more
nations into the war. Lastly, imperialism—the competition for colonies and
resources—added to the tension, as countries sought to expand their influence
worldwide.
In the end, nationalism was a driving force behind World War I, but it worked
alongside other factors that, together, created the perfect conditions for a
devastating global conflict.