Whitmore Section
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ScribdTranslationsWhitmore Section
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ScribdTranslationsFirst, it is important to recognize what the Whitmore section is. It is a simple form.
to determine how the force of a clamp propagates through a plate of
reinforcement. It is used to make possible the controls of the deformation of the plate
reinforcement and buckling.
An explanation of how to calculate the Whitmore section is provided in Part
9 of the AISC Manual of the 14th edition. A figure is also provided in the Manual.
(Figure 9-1) to assist the user.
The Whitmore section is used to determine the maximum tension or the tension of
compression of an unequal stress distribution at the end of the joint. It does.
establishing an effective length, which Whitmore determined could be calculated
extending the force from the start of the joint, 30° on each side in the element of
connection along the line of force. The most common application of the section
Whitmore is in reinforcement plates for bracing and rebar connections.
Areas of possible confusion
When the effective width crosses a connected edge. Part 9 of the AISC Manual of the
The 14th edition says: "The Whitmore section can extend through the junction between
connection elements, but it cannot extend beyond a border
disconnected
When the effective width crosses a joint between 36 ksi and 50 ksi material. It can
There is some confusion regarding how to use the Whitmore section for controls.
of tension and compression when the Whitmore section extends across a
junction between a set of ray plates and a beam or column that have different
levels of resistance.
Once the material of lower resistance (typically the reinforcement plate)
reaches its elastic resistance, it will stretch and allow the load to be distributed to
material of greater strength (see Figure 6 on the following page).
Eccentricity when the distribution is unbalanced.
Another possible concern when taking advantage of stronger materials is the
eccentricity. The effects of this eccentricity can be ignored. The plate of
the reinforcement is very rigid and the surrounding metal will restrict any rotation that it has
the opposite would occur in the Whitmore section (see Figure 7).
Bellows plate and band of members of different thicknesses.
When the Whitmore section extends across the junction of two components
of different thicknesses, the distribution of the force in a similar manner may not be
uniform as in the case of materials of different strength.
Bellows plates of restricted geometry. The geometry of the reinforcement plate can
to have a significant impact on tension and compression resistance
available in the Whitmore section. Although the eccentricity as a result of the
different thicknesses and resistances of the material of the plates is not a problem
when the Whitmore method is used, the eccentricity due to the geometry of the
Plates can be important because, often, the limit of the geometry also
remove part of the stabilizing effect illustrated in Figure 7.
The geometry of the plate can result in a stress distribution of
uneven traction in the Whitmore section and no lateral material to restrict the
rotation (see Figure 8).
Overestimating the Whitmore section. Depending on the configuration of the
reinforcement connection, there are occasions when the calculated length of the section of
Whitmore could be smaller than one might initially expect. This depends on the
depth of the clamp, how it connects, and the length of the overall connection.
Figure 11 provides an example of a case in which Whitmore's length could
calculate incorrectly.
Unbraced length for compression force calculations. When calculating the
buckling resistance of a reinforcement plate, the length must be determined
approximately of the game plate that will bend. The two most common methods for
determining this length is shown in Figure 12. Both methods are
allowed.
Whitmore not only affects the reinforcement plates. While most of this
the discussion has focused on the Whitmore sections in the reinforcement plates, there is
other types of connections where this section must be calculated. An example is the
truss connection shown earlier in Figure 10. Another example is a
suspension connection WT, shown in Figure 13 below. If it is
designing a connection to transfer the axial load, an engineer must determine
if a verification of the Whitmore section is required.
ThornTon, W., & lini, C. (2011). The Whitmore Section. Retrieved from
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