KASHVI

The relationship between Pakistan and Iran has been shaped by shared history, cultural ties,
and strategic cooperation since Pakistan's independence in 1947, when Iran became the first
country to recognize it.

Key Historical Highlights:

1. 1950 Treaty of Friendship:

Signed to formalize diplomatic relations, this treaty paved the way for cooperation in
trade, defense, and culture.
2. Support in Wars:
Iran provided crucial support during Pakistan's wars with India in 1965 and 1971, offering
military aid and diplomatic backing.
3. Cold War Alliance:
Both nations were members of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), a strategic
alliance against Soviet expansion.
4. Post-1979 Iranian Revolution:
The Iranian Revolution brought ideological shifts, as Pakistan aligned with Sunni-
majority Gulf states while maintaining cautious ties with revolutionary Iran.
5. Energy and Trade Initiatives:
Despite challenges, projects like the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline exemplify efforts to
strengthen economic ties, reflecting their shared interest in energy security and trade
growth.
6. Border Collaboration:
The two countries share a 909-kilometer border, which has been both a source of
tension due to security issues and an opportunity for joint efforts, including enhanced
border management and counter-terrorism strategies.

On August 14, 1947, Iran became the first country to formally recognize Pakistan,
emphasizing shared Islamic heritage and geographical proximity.

The Treaty of Friendship signed in 1950 formalized cooperation across trade, defense,
and cultural domains, setting the stage for bilateral collaboration during the early Cold
War era.

Iran supported Pakistan during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pak wars, providing economic
assistance, medical supplies, and crucial diplomatic backing against Indian aggression.

As CENTO members from 1955 to 1979, both countries aligned with Western powers to
counter Soviet influence, solidifying their strategic partnership in the region.

The 1979 Iranian Revolution introduced ideological tensions as Iran adopted a

revolutionary Shia framework, while Pakistan maintained Sunni-majority ties with Gulf
nations. Despite this, trade and security dialogues persisted.

The Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline, proposed in 1995 with a capacity of 750 million cubic
feet of gas per day, underscores efforts to enhance energy security. Despite U.S.
sanctions stalling progress, trade agreements continue to focus on sectors like energy
and agriculture.
 The shared 909-kilometer border has been a focal point for joint security efforts, such as
the construction of border fencing and establishment of joint patrols to combat terrorism
and smuggling

PPT POINTERS

Recognition of Pakistan’s Independence (1947):

● Iran became the first nation to recognize Pakistan, reflecting shared Islamic values and
geographic ties.

1950 Treaty of Friendship:

● A formal agreement establishing cooperation in trade, defense, and culture, marking the start of a
strong bilateral relationship.

Support During Indo-Pak Wars (1965, 1971):

● Iran provided economic aid, medical supplies, and diplomatic support to Pakistan.

Cold War Alliances (1955–1979):

● Both nations aligned through CENTO, countering Soviet influence and fostering regional security
cooperation.

1979 Iranian Revolution:

● Relations shifted as Iran pursued a revolutionary Shia ideology, while Pakistan strengthened ties
with Sunni-majority Gulf states.

Energy and Trade Cooperation:

● Projects like the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline highlight economic potential despite external
challenges.

Border Collaboration:

● Joint security measures, including border fencing and counter-terrorism patrols, aim to address
smuggling and militancy.

DEVANSHI

Recent Events-

Iran launched missile strikes on what it claimed were Jaish al-Adl militants who were carrying
out cross-border assaults in the region of Sistan-Baluchestan. The two nations' hostility
increased after Iran accused Pakistan of providing sanctuary to these jihadists

1.Pakistan Reaction : In a strong response to the strikes, Pakistan has hit back calling it the
Margbar Sarmachar meaning death to fighters in Persian. Pakistan used a number of weapons
to strike Iran near its city of Saravan located in Sistan Balochistan Province Pakistan also
recalled its ambassador and expelled Iran's ambassador as a show of protest

2. Pakistani Retaliation: In response, Pakistan targeted Iranian terrorist organizations and

individuals of Iran during the course of the next day. This significantly escalated the conflict

3.Diplomatic Step Backward: Pakistan took a diplomatic stand, by avoiding any further
escalation. This helped prevent the conflict from going out of control.

4. National Security Council Meeting- To discuss the issue, Pakistan's National Security Council
stepped in on January 19. Restoring the diplomats and indicating a desire to resume
communication

5. Diplomatic Engagement: Iran's Foreign Minister is expected to travel to Islamabad by

January 28, to start of a new stage of communication between the two nations, the main topics
of discussion will be security and economic issues

VISHAKHA

REASONS FOR CONFLICTS:

In January 2024, Iran and Pakistan engaged in cross-border military strikes, marking a
significant escalation in their historically tense relations. The primary reasons for this conflict
include:

1. Militant Activities in Border Regions: Both nations have long accused each other of harboring
insurgent groups operating along their shared 900 km border, particularly in the Balochistan
region. Iran targeted the Jaish ul-Adl group inside Pakistan, alleging it was responsible for
attacks on Iranian soil. In retaliation, Pakistan struck bases of the Balochistan Liberation Army
and Balochistan Liberation Front in Iran, groups it holds accountable for insurgent activities
within its territory.

2. Ethnic Baloch Insurgency: The Baloch population, residing on both sides of the Iran-Pakistan
border, has been involved in separatist movements seeking greater autonomy or independence.
These insurgencies have led to mutual distrust and military actions by both countries, each
accusing the other of supporting or tolerating these groups.

3. Border Security Concerns: The porous nature of the Iran-Pakistan border has facilitated
smuggling and unauthorized crossings, exacerbating security challenges. Both nations have
undertaken measures, including constructing border fences, to curb these issues, but with
limited success.

4. Regional Geopolitical Dynamics: The broader Middle Eastern geopolitical landscape,

including Iran's involvement in regional conflicts and its relationships with other neighboring
countries, has influenced its security policies. While not directly causing the Iran-Pakistan
skirmishes, these dynamics contribute to the complexity of their bilateral relations.

These factors culminated in the January 2024 military exchanges, highlighting the intricate and
often volatile nature of Iran-Pakistan relations.

AASTHA

Effects of the Iran-Pakistan Conflict

1.
2. recalled its ambassador from Tehran, signaling a significant deterioration in diplomatic
relations.
 ○ Suspension of Talks: Bilateral discussions on trade and security cooperation
were suspended, hindering progress on mutual interests.
3. Influence of External Powers

○ Mediation Efforts: China, a key regional player, initiated diplomatic efforts to de-
escalate tensions between Iran and Pakistan, aiming to maintain stability in the
region.
○ Geopolitical Shifts: The conflict influenced alliances, with countries reassessing
their strategic partnerships in light of the escalating situation.
4. Rise in Militancy

○ Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) Activities: The BLA intensified attacks in

Pakistan's Balochistan province, resulting in significant casualties and targeting
infrastructure projects, including those related to the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor (CPEC).
○ Regional Destabilization: The increased militant activities have further
destabilized the region, complicating counter-terrorism efforts and regional
security dynamics.

To deliver this content within 2 minutes, we’ll tighten the wording while retaining key data and
emphasis. Here's a refined script with a pace-friendly structure:

Slide 1: Immediate Impacts

(Opening Statement)
“The Iran-Pakistan conflict has created immediate challenges for both nations.

First, regional security concerns:

On January 16, 2024, Iran launched missile strikes into Balochistan, targeting what it called
militant bases. Pakistan responded two days later with ‘Operation Marg Bar Saramchar,’
escalating cross-border tensions. These actions have destabilized the region and turned border
areas into conflict zones.

Second, economic disruptions:

The conflict has worsened Pakistan’s economic struggles. The stock market fell by 4% after the
January strikes, and bond yields increased by 1.5%, showing investor unease. Meanwhile, the
Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project, critical for Pakistan’s energy needs, remains stalled.

Third, humanitarian impact:

The strikes have had a devastating human cost, killing civilians, including two children, and
displacing thousands. Families have fled their homes, seeking refuge in overcrowded camps
with limited resources.”

Slide 2: Long-Term Consequences

(Transition smoothly to long-term impacts)
“Now, let’s look at the long-term effects.

First, diplomatic strains:

Both countries have recalled their ambassadors, halting trade and security talks. This
breakdown in communication is deepening mistrust.

Second, global involvement:

China, heavily invested in the $62 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, is mediating to de-
escalate tensions. However, other global powers like the U.S. and Russia are also monitoring
the situation, complicating the geopolitics further.

Finally, the rise in militancy:

Instability has fueled groups like the Baloch Liberation Army, which carried out over 30 attacks
in 2024, targeting key infrastructure, including CPEC projects. These attacks are causing
millions in damages and threaten regional security.”

Closing Statement
“In summary, this conflict has far-reaching consequences—destabilizing the region, worsening
economic woes, displacing people, and fueling militancy. Without de-escalation, the situation
could spiral further, impacting not just the two nations but the entire region.”

KOMAL
1.Bilateral Negotiations and Confidence-Building Measures
● Start regular talks between Iran and Pakistan to solve their respective
issues.
● Work on building trust by working together on border security, creating no conflict
zone in major areas.
● Establishing systems to address cross-border attacks to clear
misunderstandings.
2. Role of International Mediators (UN, OIC)

● The United Nations (UN) could help organize peace talks and ensure that
everybody is following rules and regulations
 ● The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), can mediate to foster unity and
help settle sectarian conflicts.
● Many other countries could intervene as they have a vested interest in stabilizing
the region as China does.
3.Regional Economic Integration as a Stabilizing Factor

● Encouraging projects which link both the countries like Iran-Pakistan pipeline
● Work together to create good infrastructure which will benefit both the areas
which will create shared economic benefits and will lead to reduced tension.