Concept Methods Teaching

A teaching method has been defined by Afolabi and Adesope (2010) as a specific
instructional process which differs from any other by the diversities of specialized activities.
This implies that each teaching method has its own peculiar characteristics and steps which
differ from another teaching method. These steps make a teaching method to be different
from another method. The teaching method variables are manipulated at a varying degree.
Teaching method is very important in the impartation of knowledge in teaching-learning
processes and the type adopted determines to a great extent what the student assimilate. In
actual fact if the appropriate method is adopted, knowledge acquired can be accelerated.
People opined that no educational system can rise above the quality of its teacher, nor can a
nation rise above the quality of her educational system.
It is your duty as a teacher to ensure that appropriate teaching method or a
combination of two or more methods is used in order to achieve the stated aims and
objectives. Method of teaching refers to the specific strategies or techniques used by
educators to facilitate learning among students,
Method of teaching in education refers to a specific strategy or approach used by a
teacher to deliver information and facilitate learning in a classroom setting. These methods
encompass the various approaches and practices that teachers employ to convey knowledge,
develop skills, and foster critical thinking. Which can include methods like lecture,
discussion, demonstration, inquiry-based learning, cooperative learning these methods of
Teaching can be categorize into
teacher-centred methods,
learner-centred methods, and
content-focused methods.
Teacher-Centred Method: -, the instructor takes a predominant role in the learning process.
The focus is on the teacher's authority, knowledge, and instructional delivery. Key
characteristics include:
- Direct Instruction: Teachers present information through lectures, demonstrations, or
explicit instruction. This method often emphasizes clarity, structure, and efficiency in
conveying information.
- Expository Teaching: Teachers explain concepts and processes, often using visual aids or
examples to reinforce understanding.
- Drill-and-Practice: This involves repetitive practice of skills or concepts, often in subjects
like mathematics, to achieve mastery through repetition.
the Lecture Method: -You are probably familiar with this teacher-dominated approach to
teaching, hence it is termed a didactic method. It involves verbal presentation of ideas,
concepts, generalization and facts. The objective of this method is just to stuff the students
with information. You do most of the work by talking while students are just passive or
slightly
involved by taking down notes and asking few or no questions.
In the Universities and other institutions of higher learning, the lecture method is the
acceptable means of imparting information. At the secondary school level, the students have
not been trained to follow chains of reasoning. Therefore, lecture method should not be used
in its pure forms:
Discussion Method :- Discussion method is based on the philosophy that knowledge arises
within the students and not from any external source. The students take over the subject from
various points of view and the teacher serves as a moderator.
Demonstration Method:-In demonstration method, you the teacher will do a display or
exhibition while the students watch. It typically involves showing students the correct use of
science apparatus, illustrating a technique (for example, using chloroform to anaesthetize
toads or guinea pigs) performing an “experiment” which is either dangerous, risky, difficult
or expensive for individual students use. Demonstration method can be used in the drilling of
shorthand outlines, manipulation of various office equipment could be demonstrated by the
teacher during office practice lesson. Sometimes demonstrations can be performed by
students either individually or in groups. Also in trades like sewing, weaving, barbing, pot
making and the like demonstration method is best adopted using the teaching learning
processes

Advantages Teacher-Centred Method

- Clear structure and organization of content.
- Efficient coverage of material and vast amount of knowledge in a limited amount of time
- Particularly effective for foundational knowledge that requires direct explanation.
- Large classes of students can be handled by the teacher.
- It serves to channel the thinking of all students in a given direction.
Disadvantages Teacher-Centred Method
- May not engage students actively.
- Limited opportunities for student interaction and exploration.
-Students are passive listeners and do not participate in the development of the lesson.
-The desired learning outcomes may not be accomplished.
-The method is inadequate for teaching certain types of concepts e.g. attitudes and feelings
which are not learned through pure telling.
- Students’ progress cannot be evaluated during the lesson since they are passive
-It cannot meet the different needs of the students as regards individual differences.

-It rarely affords students the opportunity to practice communication skills.

Learner-Centered Methods:- focus on the needs, interests, and active participation of

students. These approaches encourage students to take charge of their own learning. Key
characteristics include:
- Inquiry-Based Learning: Students ask questions and investigate various topics, promoting
critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
- Collaborative Learning: Students work in groups, sharing ideas and perspectives to
achieve common goals, which fosters social skills and deeper understanding.
- Project-Based Learning: Engaging students in projects that require research, collaboration,
and presentation, allowing for practical applications of knowledge and skills. The Project
Method the Project Method of teaching centers on an assignment of interest undertaken by an
individual student or a group or a whole class. In this method, the students are guided when
necessary.
- Discovery Method :-Discovery method is a teaching strategy which enables students to
find the answers themselves. It is a learner centred approach hence it is called a heuristic
method. It is of two types, notably, the guided discovery and the unguided discovery. In the
guided discovery, the teacher (you) guides the students to discover for themselves solutions
to given problems by providing them with general principles, but not the solution to the
scientific problem. The unguided discovery type involves the students discovering for
themselves both the general principles and solution to a scientific problem. It is sometimes
called the pure discovery

Advantages of Learner Centred Method

- Encourages personal investment and motivation.
- Develops critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills.
- Supports diverse learning styles and paces.Since emphasis is on doing by the student,
opportunity is provided to develop his initiative as well as greater understanding of how to
learn.
-Motivation to work is high since it is based on the natural interests of students. It thus offers
opportunity for creative ability particularly for especially talented students.
- It gives students specific areas to work on sometimes with acquisition of some new skills
and attitudes.
- Group project afford opportunity for developing leadership and organizing abilities

Disadvantages of Learner Centred Method

- Requires careful planning and can be time-consuming.
- May necessitate more classroom management skills to facilitate group work.

Content-Focused Methods: - emphasize the material being taught rather than solely the
teaching approach or the students' learning processes. This ensures that the curriculum
content is central to instruction. Key characteristics include:
- Subject-Matter Instruction: Deep dives into specific subjects or content areas, where the
goal is to ensure comprehensive understanding and mastery of key concepts.
- Standards-Based Instruction: Aligning teaching with specific educational standards to
ensure that all necessary content knowledge is delivered and assessed.
- Content Literacy: Teaching strategies that specifically focus on understanding the content
area, often incorporating reading and writing strategies to enhance comprehension of
complex material.
Advantages Content-Focused Methods
- Guarantees comprehensive coverage of essential knowledge and skills.
- Facilitates assessment and accountability through standardized frameworks.
Disadvantages Content-Focused Methods
- May overlook individual learning needs or student interests.
- Can lead to a more rigid curriculum, reducing flexibility in instructional methods.
Some Key Things to Consider Teaching Method
1. Learning Objectives
- Clarity of Goals: Clearly define what you want students to learn or achieve by the end of the
lesson or course. The objectives should guide the selection of the teaching method.
- Type of Knowledge: Different methods are better suited for different types of learning (e.g.,
factual knowledge vs. skills).
2. Student Characteristics
- Age and Developmental Level: Consider the age, maturity, and cognitive development of
the students. Younger students may benefit more from hands-on learning, while older
students might engage better with inquiry-based or project-based methods.
- Diverse Learning Styles: Understand the variety of learning styles (visual, auditory,
kinesthetic, etc.) in your classroom to select methods that address these differences.
- Prior Knowledge: Assess what students already know, as this can influence how you
introduce new concepts and which methods will be most effective.
3. Content and Subject Matter
- Complexity of Material: Some subjects may require more structured, direct teaching
methods to ensure comprehension, while others may lend themselves well to exploration and
inquiry.
- Curriculum Standards: Make sure the method aligns with any relevant educational standards
or curriculum requirements.
4. Classroom Environment
- Class Size: Larger classes may limit opportunities for discussion and collaboration,
suggesting a need for more structured, direct techniques.
- Physical Space: The layout of the classroom can influence the choice of method (e.g., group
work in a flexible space vs. lecture in a traditional setting).
5. Time Constraints
- Duration of Lesson: Determine how much time is available for the lesson. Some methods
require more time for preparation and execution, while others can be implemented quickly.
- Frequency of Interaction: Consider how often students will meet for instruction, as this
might affect the decision between a more traditional method versus a project-based approach
that spans multiple classes.
6. Resources and Materials
- Availability of Technology: Consider whether you can utilize digital tools and resources
that support specific teaching methods (e.g., online discussions for a flipped classroom).
- Instructional Materials: Ensure that you have the necessary materials and resources
(textbooks, tools, visual aids) to support the chosen teaching method.
7. Assessment and Evaluation
- Assessment Methods: Consider how you plan to assess student learning and how the chosen
method will facilitate both formative and summative assessments.
- Feedback Mechanisms: Make sure the method allows for ongoing feedback, enabling both
you and the students to monitor progress and understanding.
8. Teacher’s Strengths and Preferences
- Professional Expertise: Leverage your strengths and expertise in specific content areas or
teaching strategies.
- Comfort Level: Choose methods you feel comfortable implementing, while also being open
to trying new approaches that may enhance your teaching practice.
9. Cultural Considerations
- Diversity and Inclusivity: Be mindful of cultural backgrounds and incorporate culturally
relevant teaching practices.
- Relevance to Students’ Lives: Select methods that connect the content to students'
experiences, interests, and everyday lives to increase engagement and relevance.
10. Flexibility and Adaptability
- Dynamic Nature of Teaching: Be prepared to adapt your methods based on student
responses and engagement levels. What works for one group may not work for another.
- Ongoing Reflection: Regularly reflect on the effectiveness of your chosen methods and be
willing to make adjustments as needed.
Conclusion, The most effective teaching strategies often take a blended approach,
drawing from all three categories to create a comprehensive educational experience. Teachers
often adapt their methods based on their students' needs, the subject matter, and desired
learning outcomes. By understanding these different teaching methods, educators can better
craft their lessons to engage and inspire their students. Selecting an appropriate teaching
method involves careful consideration of various factors to ensure the most effective learning
experience for students.
Classroom Management:-refers to the techniques and strategies that teachers employ to
maintain a conducive learning environment. It encompasses a range of practices aimed at
establishing clear expectations for student behavior, organizing classroom space, and
fostering positive relationships among students. Effective classroom management helps
promote engagement, reduce disruptions, and facilitate a productive atmosphere for learning.
encompasses a variety of skills and techniques that teachers can use to create a high-
performing learning environment. Classroom management refers to the overall strategies,
techniques, and practices that teachers use to create and maintain an organized, effective
learning environment. It encompasses everything from setting up the physical classroom to
establishing rules, routines, and procedures that facilitate optimal student engagement and
learning. Classroom management involves many interrelated and interdependent activities in
management. Such activities can be grouped under the following – planning, organizing,
leading, coordinating, directing, supervising and reporting. Specifically, physical resources
must be properly and efficiently utilized. Students must be properly arranged and carried
along in the teaching-learning process, while the performance of the students and the teachers
must be evaluated on regular basis. Management activities in the classroom are under the
following activities.

Classroom Planning

This is a systematic process of preparing for a lesson. It involves preparing a set of decisions
in advance about the classroom encounter. It is a process of addressing issues related to “what
to teach”, “how to teach”, “when to teach”, “with what to teach” in the most effective and
efficient manners possible. Classroom planning is a short term type of planning and the paper
work on this is referred to as the daily lesson plan.

Organizing

Organizing the students as well as the physical and material resources available in the
classroom demands your managerial skills and knowledge as a teacher. This involves the
teacher’s ability to anticipate classroom needs and ability to deal effectively with them at the
appropriate time (Fawant 1980) A class ought to be organized so that little opportunity as
possible is afforded for disruptions, noises and disorderly behaviours (Awoniyi, 1979). This
may involve grouping students or allowing a free activity class. Classroom organization also
involves the selection of competent class leaders, thus, the teacher should watch out for
leadership qualities in the students and help develop such qualities by assigning certain duties
to such students, as class monitor, group prefect etc. Developing students for leadership role
is part of education. Instructional materials should be arranged within the reach of the
students. These materials should be properly cared for and maintained to be in good condition
for use at all times. Since these materials are meant to be organized for optimal utilization,
safeguarding them or keeping them out of students’ reach could result into under-utilization
or wastage.

Key Components for Classroom Management

- Organization: Structuring the classroom space and materials for efficient learning.
- Routine Establishment: Creating predictable patterns for activities and transitions to help
students feel secure and focused.
- Relationship Building: Fostering positive relationships among students and between
students and the teacher, which can enhance motivation and cooperation.
- Engagement Strategies: Implementing methods to keep students actively participating in
their learning.
Goal: The primary goal of effective classroom management is to ensure that students are
engaged, on task, and motivated, thereby enhancing the overall learning experience.
Tips for Classroom Management
1. Set Clear Expectations: Communicate your classroom rules and procedures at the
beginning of the year and revisit them regularly.
2. Establish Routines: Develop consistent routines for daily activities. Predictability helps
students feel secure and understand what is expected.
3. Engage Students: Use varied instructional strategies to keep students engaged. Incorporate
group work, discussions, and hands-on activities to maintain interest.
4. Build Relationships: Establish positive relationships with your students. Show interest in
their lives, listen to their concerns, and be approachable.
5. Organize the Space: Arrange your classroom in a way that promotes interaction and
minimizes distractions. Ensure that materials are easily accessible.
Classroom Control:- is often viewed as a component of classroom management but tends to
focus more on the teacher's ability to assert authority and maintain order during class. It
involves the methods and approaches employed by teachers to ensure that students comply
with rules and stay focused on learning tasks. While classroom control can be about
enforcing rules and managing behavior, it can sometimes carry a more authoritative
connotation compared to overall classroom management. Classroom control refers
specifically to the teacher’s authority and ability to direct, supervise, and regulate student
behavior during lessons. It is about establishing an environment where the teacher can
effectively manage student conduct to ensure that learning takes place without significant
disruptions.

Key Components for Classroom Control

- Behavior Monitoring: Observing and addressing student behavior during class to maintain
focus and reduce distractions.
- Setting Boundaries: Establishing clear expectations and guidelines for acceptable behavior
within the classroom.
- Intervention Strategies: Utilizing specific techniques to address disruptive behavior, such as
redirecting students or implementing corrective measures when rules are broken.
Goal: The primary goal of classroom control is to maintain a safe and orderly environment
that allows for effective teaching and learning.

Tips for Classroom Control

1. Be Authoritative, Not Authoritarian: Establish yourself as a leader while also being
supportive. Show confidence in your authority without being overbearing.
2. Stay Calm and Composed: Maintain a calm demeanor, especially in challenging
situations. Your response sets the tone for how students will react.
3. Use Proximity: Move around the classroom and position yourself where you can monitor
student behavior. This often prevents disruptions before they escalate.
4. Non-Verbal Cues: Utilize non-verbal signals like eye contact or hand gestures to redirect
behavior without interrupting the flow of the lesson.
5. Be Engaged and Enthusiastic: Display enthusiasm for the subject and your students. Your
energy can motivate them to focus and participate.
6. Implement Group Management: Use small groups or pairs for activities to foster
accountability. When students work together, they are often more engaged and less likely to
misbehave.

Classroom Discipline;- refers to the policies and practices that a teacher or school
implements to address student behavior, particularly when students do not meet expected
standards. It involves setting clear rules and consequences for behavior, as well as strategies
for teaching students how to make better choices. Discipline aims to guide students towards
understanding the impact of their actions, encouraging self-regulation, and promoting a
respectful and safe learning environment. In summary classroom discipline involves
addressing student behavior and teaching appropriate conduct. Classroom discipline is related
to how rules and consequences are enforced within the classroom setting. It involves
promoting students' understanding of acceptable behavior and dealing with violations of rules
in a manner that encourages self-control and accountability.
Key Components of Classroom Discipline
- Rule Setting: Collaboratively creating and communicating clear rules and expectations for
behavior.
- Consequences and Rewards: Establishing fair and consistent consequences for misbehavior,
as well as rewards for positive behavior.
- Instruction on Behavior: Teaching students about the importance of discipline, self-
regulation, and respect for others.
Goal: The primary goal of classroom discipline is to instill a sense of responsibility and self-
control in students, promoting a positive and respectful classroom culture.

Tips for Classroom Discipline

1. Use Positive Reinforcement: Acknowledge and reward positive behavior to encourage

students to repeat those actions.
 2. Be Consistent: Apply rules and consequences consistently to establish fairness and
credibility in your management style.

3. Clearly Define Consequences: Make sure students understand the consequences of their
actions ahead of time. Ensure consequences are fair, relevant, and consistently enforced.

4. Keep it Professional: Address misbehavior promptly and privately, avoiding embarrassing

students in front of their peers.

5. Teach Appropriate Behavior: Use teachable moments to discuss why certain behaviors are
unacceptable and what appropriate alternatives look like.

6. Involve Students in Rule-Making: Allow students to have a say in developing classroom

rules. This can lead to increased ownership and accountability.

7. Be Fair and Impartial: Treat all students equally. Avoid favoritism and apply rules
consistently to all members of the class.

8. Follow Up: After addressing a behavior issue, follow up with the student. Discuss the
situation, their feelings, and how to avoid similar behavior in the future.

9. Maintain a Positive Environment: Encourage a supportive community where students feel

safe to express themselves and learn from their mistakes.

Scheme of Work
The scheme of work is the breaking down of topics in the syllabus into series of lessons.
Scheme of work in any subject is a clear and orderly statement of the work the teacher
proposes to do in a given period.The work is for a year and it is divided into weeks and/or
terms. Weekly scheme serves as a good guide to the teacher
The Advantages of Using a Scheme of Work
 A scheme of Work makes a careful and logical arrangement of work to be done.
 It encourages course work to be covered within a stipulated period of time.
 In case of emergency, it allows for a substitute teacher to stand in for the regular/substantive
teacher without much problem.
 It is a good instrument to evaluate the coverage of the syllabus

Meaning of Lesson Plan

A lesson plan is a detailed guide created by educators that outlines the objectives,
structure, content, and activities for a specific lesson. It serves as a roadmap for teachers,
helping to ensure that classroom instruction is organized, effective, and aligned with
educational goals. A well-developed lesson plan includes information about what will be
taught, how it will be taught, and how student understanding will be assessed. Key
components of a lesson plan typically include:

- Lesson Title/Topic: The name of the lesson being taught.

- Grade Level: The appropriate student grade or age group for the lesson.
- Duration: The time allocated for the lesson.
- Learning Objectives: Clear, measurable goals that outline what students should know or be
able to do by the end of the lesson.
- Materials and Resources: A list of required resources and materials, such as textbooks,
handouts, technology, or other teaching aids.
- Introduction/Hook: An engaging start to the lesson that captures student interest and sets the
context for the day’s learning.
- Teaching Methods/Activities: The instructional strategies and activities that will be
employed to teach the lesson content.
- Assessment: Methods for evaluating student understanding and achievement of the lesson
objectives, including quizzes, discussions, or formative assessments.
- Closure: A summary of the key points of the lesson and activities that reinforce or reflect on
what was taught.
Daily Lesson Plan
A daily lesson plan is a unit of lesson to be taught for a time duration of 30 to 45
minutes. This depends on the school schedule and level of the learner. It is the layout of how
the teacher intends to handle a lesson from the beginning to the end. A lesson plan is the
instrument with which a good teacher can effectively perform his daily classroom teaching. A
good teacher is expected to plan his lesson on daily basis stating the steps or procedures to
follow to achieve the stated objectives.

Justifications for a Daily Lesson Plan

There are many reasons for a teacher to have a documentary evidence for his proposed
lesson. The habit of relying on old note does not give room for innovation. New ideas will
always come up the teacher ought to incorporate these into their lessons. Some of the reasons
put forward by Afolabi and Adesope (2010) include
1. to avoid errors
2. to avoid omissions and to prevent repetitions
3. It assists in choice of teaching methods as well as choice of
instructional materials.
4. It instils confidence, security and removes nervousness from
teachers.
5. It delimits the field of work and prevents wandering off-course the
subject matter.
6. It helps the teachers to think out new ways and to discover when to
act in a particular way.
7. It assists the teacher to prepare for individual differences.
8. Other teachers can stand in proxy when unavoidably absent. It enhances economy of time
and resources.
9. It gives direction to the lesson because they limit teachers to particular bounds in their
delivery.
Weekly Lesson Plan
The weekly lesson plan is a plan of the lesson to be taught within a week. Most school
subjects occurred on the school time-table more than once a week. The teacher therefore
needs to select his topic for the week from his diary (scheme of work) and distribute
appropriately into the number of periods his subject is appearing on the school time-table. It
is observable that many teachers do no longer make use of weekly lesson plan perhaps due to
other engagements and new dimensions in teaching nowadays. However, weekly lesson plan
will enable him to see the scope of possible coverage of the entire topic for the week. A
weekly lesson plan can afford the teacher the possibility of completing his syllabus.

How to Develop a Lesson Plan

Developing a lesson plan involves several steps:

1. Identify Learning Objectives: Begin by determining the specific skills and knowledge you
want your students to acquire by the end of the lesson. Make sure the objectives are clear,
measurable, and aligned with broader curriculum goals.

2. Select Content: Choose the specific content or topic that aligns with the learning
objectives. Ensure that it is appropriate for the grade level and relevant to students' interests
and experiences.

3. Determine Lesson Duration: Decide how long the lesson will take. This will help you
structure the activities and ensure that there is enough time to cover all necessary
components.

4. Gather Materials and Resources: List the materials you will need for the lesson, including
textbooks, worksheets, videos, and any technological tools. Ensure that these resources
support the learning objectives and activities you have planned.
5. Plan the Introduction: Design an engaging introduction or "hook" that captures students'
attention and introduces them to the lesson topic. This could be a thought-provoking
question, an interesting fact, or a short activity.

6. Outline Teaching Methods and Activities: Identify the instructional strategies you will use
to teach the content. Plan specific activities that will help students actively engage with the
material (e.g., group work, discussions, hands-on activities). Clearly sequence these activities
to build on one another.

7. Incorporate Assessment: Decide how you will measure student understanding during and
at the end of the lesson. This could include informal assessments, such as questions and
discussions, or formal assessments like quizzes or projects.

8. Plan Closure: Design a concluding activity that summarizes the key points of the lesson
and reinforces learning. This could involve a review, reflection, or a short quiz.

9. Differentiate Instruction: Consider how to accommodate diverse learners within your

classroom. Plan for modifications or alternative activities to meet the needs of students with
different learning styles or abilities.

10. Flexibility and Reflection: Leave space for flexibility in your plan to adjust based on
student needs and responses during the lesson. After teaching the lesson, evaluate its
effectiveness and gather feedback to make improvements for future lessons.

Importance of Lesson plan on a Student Teacher

Lesson planning is crucial for student teachers as it provides a structured framework for
effective teaching, helps them manage time and resources, and allows for reflection and
improvement. It also demonstrates professionalism and facilitates clear communication of
learning objectives with students.
 Structure and Organization: Lesson plans provide a roadmap for the lesson,
ensuring that all key concepts are covered and presented in a logical sequence.
 Time Management: Planning helps student teachers allocate time effectively within
the lesson, ensuring that all activities are completed within the allotted period.
  Professionalism: Well-developed lesson plans demonstrate a student teacher's
commitment to quality instruction and can be used as a portfolio to showcase their
teaching skills.
 Clear Objectives: Lesson plans clearly articulate learning objectives, allowing
students to understand what they will learn and how they will be assessed.
 Reflection and Improvement: By reflecting on the lesson after it's taught, student
teachers can identify areas where they excelled and areas where they can make
improvements in future planning.
 Engagement: Lesson plans help student teachers create engaging and meaningful
learning experiences for students by translating the curriculum into relevant and
accessible activities.
 Communication: Well-planned lessons allow student teachers to communicate
effectively with students, creating a positive learning environment.
 Student Success: Effective lesson planning contributes to successful student learning
outcomes by aligning activities, materials, and assessments with learning goals.
Building Confidence: As student teachers gain experience in lesson planning, they
develop confidence in their ability to plan and deliver effective lessons. In essence, lesson
planning is a fundamental skill for student teachers that helps them transition from novice to
proficient educators. It provides the foundation for creating engaging, effective, and
successful learning experiences for students

Difference Between Lesson Plan and Scheme of Work

Lesson plan outlines the specific details of a single class session, including learning
objectives, activities, and assessments. A scheme of work, on the other hand, provides a
broad overview of the curriculum, guiding the sequencing of topics and learning objectives
over a longer period, such as a semester or year.

 Scope:- Lesson plans are focused on a single lesson, while schemes of work cover an
entire course or unit of study.

 Detail:- Lesson plans provide detailed instructions for the specific activities and
assessments within a lesson, while schemes of work outline the overall structure and
progression of learning.
  Timing:- Lesson plans are created for a single class session, while schemes of work
are developed for a longer timeframe, like a semester or year.

 Purpose:- Lesson plans help teachers manage the classroom effectively, while
schemes of work help them plan the curriculum and sequence lessons.

In essence, a scheme of work is a long-term plan that provides the framework for teaching,
while a lesson plan is the daily guide that brings that framework to life. Think of a scheme of
work as the roadmap for the entire journey, while a lesson plan is the detailed map for each
individual stop along that journey.