Got it. Here are the answers to your questions in the specified format.
---
**Remembering and Understanding Skills**
### 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) The character Shabari from the Ramayana belonged to the **tribal** community.
(b) The word **Adivasi** refers to all the indigenous tribal groups of India.
(c) The study of human origins, cultures, and social relationships is known as **anthropology**, which
means the scientific study of humanity.
(d) The word 'Gond' comes from the word **Kond**, which means hill.
(e) The founder of the Ahom kingdom was **Sukaphaa**.
---
### 2. Choose the correct answer.
(a) The person who studies the culture of tribal people is known as a/an
**(ii) anthropologist.**
(b) The largest adivasi tribe in India is the
**(iii) Santhals.**
(c) Chukapha set up his capital at
**(i) Charaideo.**
(d) The Mughal general who occupied the Ahom kingdom was
**(i) Mir Jumla.**
(e) The new system of labour introduced by the Ahoms was the
**(ii) paik.**
---
### 3. Match the rows.
(a) Gondwana - **(ii) Garh-Katanga**
(b) Gond queen - **(i) Rani Durgavati**
(c) Ahom - **(v) Chukapha**
(d) Jats - **(iii) pastoralists**
(e) Gaddis - **(iv) Himachal Pradesh**
---
### 4. Write true or false.
(a) The name 'Gond' is derived from the Telugu word 'konda.'
**True**
(b) Historically, the central province of India was called Gondwana.
**True**
(c) Chukapha belonged to the Ming dynasty in China.
**False** - Chukapha belonged to the Tai-Ahom dynasty.
(d) The Bhils were poor at hunting.
**False** - The Bhils were skilled hunters.
(e) The Gaddis are a tribe of Himachal Pradesh.
**True**
---
### 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
(a) Who are the tribals?
Tribals are indigenous people who live in forests, mountains, and remote regions, following their own
cultural traditions and social structures.
(b) Mention three states where the Gonds are found in India.
The Gonds are found in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh.
(c) How do we learn about the various tribes?
We learn about various tribes through anthropological studies, historical records, and cultural
observations.
(d) How was the foundation of the Ahom dynasty laid?
The foundation of the Ahom dynasty was laid by Chukapha, who migrated from present-day Myanmar
to Assam in the 13th century.
(e) What is the origin of the Jats?
The Jats are believed to have originated as a pastoral and agricultural community in North India.
---
### 6. Answer the following questions in four or five sentences.
(a) Discuss some of the common features of all tribes.
Tribes typically live close to nature in forested or rural areas. They have unique languages, social
structures, and rituals that preserve their heritage. Many tribes are organized in clans and have a strong
sense of community and loyalty. They also rely on hunting, gathering, or agriculture for their livelihood,
and are often self-governing.
(b) Why did the Mughals want to conquer the Gond kingdom?
The Mughals wanted to conquer the Gond kingdom to expand their empire and control the region's
wealth and resources. The Gond territory was rich in forests, minerals, and fertile land, making it
strategically valuable for the Mughal Empire.
(c) Write a short note on the economy and groups of the Gonds.
The Gonds' economy traditionally revolved around agriculture, hunting, and gathering forest products.
They are divided into various groups or clans, each with its own territory and rules. Over time, some
Gonds adopted settled farming, while others continued as pastoralists.
(d) Explain the paik system of labour introduced by the Ahoms.
The paik system was a form of forced labor in which able-bodied men were required to work for the
state on a rotational basis. These workers, known as paiks, served in the army or undertook public works
like construction. In return, they received land and certain privileges.
(e) What is the relationship between the tribal groups and caste-based society?
Tribal groups are generally outside the Hindu caste system. However, contact with caste-based society
has led to certain interactions and changes in their social structures. Unlike castes, tribal groups do not
follow a hierarchical system, and many tribes maintain their unique identities and practices despite
external influences.
---
**Remembering and Understanding Skills (continued)**
### 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words (Bhakti and Sufi Movements).
(a) The word 'bhakti' means **devotion**.
(b) Shankaracharya was a **Hindu philosopher and saint**.
(c) The holy book of the Muslims is called the **Quran**.
(d) Annual festivals called **urs** are celebrated at the dargahs of Sufi saints.
(e) The founder of Sikhism was **Guru Nanak**.
---
### 2. Choose the correct answer.
(a) Shaivites were devotees of
**(iii) Shiva.**
(b) Who among the following was a saint-poet of Maharashtra?
**(ii) Tukaram**
(c) The religious orders of the Sufis were called
**(iv) silsilahs**
(d) The holy book of the Sikhs is called
**(ii) Guru Granth Sahib.**
(e) The system of community meals is known as
**(i) langar.**
---
### 3. Match the rows.
(a) Ramzan - **(iii) fasting**
(b) Andal - **(ii) bhajans**
(c) Mirabai - **(v) kirtana**
(d) Sufism - **(iv) Islamic mysticism**
(e) Guru Granth Sahib - **(i) holy book of the Sikhs**
---
### 4. Write true or false.
(a) Andal was a Nayanar saint.
**False** - Andal was an Alvar saint.
(b) Amir Khusrau was a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya.
**True**
(c) The teachings of Ravidas are contained in the Bijaka.
**False** - The teachings of Kabir are in the Bijaka.
(d) Mirabai was a devotee of Lord Krishna.
**True**
(e) Kabir was one of the greatest Bhakti saints of North India.
**True**
---
### 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
(a) What was the main contribution of the Alvar saints?
The Alvar saints spread the message of devotion to Vishnu and encouraged the worship of the god in a
personal, loving relationship.
(b) Who were the Sufis?
The Sufis were Muslim mystics who emphasized a personal, inner connection with God, beyond formal
religious practices.
(c) Who was Nizamuddin Auliya?
Nizamuddin Auliya was a renowned Sufi saint from Delhi known for his teachings on love, kindness, and
devotion to God.
(d) How did Kabir express his ideas?
Kabir expressed his ideas through simple, poetic couplets (dohas) that criticized religious hypocrisy and
promoted a personal relationship with God.
(e) Mention two main teachings of Guru Nanak.
Guru Nanak taught the equality of all humans and the importance of devotion, humility, and service to
others.
---
### 6. Answer the following questions in four or five sentences.
(a) Write a note on the Bhakti saints of Maharashtra.
The Bhakti saints of Maharashtra, like Tukaram and Namdev, spread the message of devotion through
their poetry and songs, often in the local Marathi language. They opposed caste discrimination and
promoted equality, focusing on a personal, loving connection with God.
(b) Explain the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis.
Sufis believed in a personal and direct connection with God, which they sought through devotion,
meditation, and self-discipline. They often practiced through music, poetry, and dance, fostering love
and peace among their followers.
(c) What were the main teachings of Kabir?
Kabir taught that God is one and resides in every human being. He criticized religious rituals and
advocated for a path of personal devotion, simplicity, and kindness, opposing divisions between Hindus
and Muslims.
(d) Explain the common features of the Bhakti and Sufi teachings.
Both Bhakti and Sufi teachings emphasized a personal connection with God, often using poetry, songs,
and dance as expressions of devotion. They both rejected caste discrimination and rituals, encouraging
compassion, equality, and unity among people.
(e) What were the main tenets of Sikhism?
Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak, promotes the belief in one God, the importance of meditation and
ethical living, equality among all people, and selfless service. Sikhs also reject caste discrimination and
promote justice and honesty in society.
I'll continue with the next set of questions. Here are answers for the section on **Geography and
Climate**.
---
### 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) **97** percent of the total water on the earth is oceans.
(b) The amount of salt dissolved in sea water is called **salinity**.
(c) Spring tides occur on the **new moon** and **full moon**.
(d) The Gulf Stream is a **warm** current in the Atlantic Ocean.
(e) The European coast is kept warm by the **North Atlantic Drift**.
---
### 2. Choose the correct answer.
(a) The total area of the earth covered with water is about
**(i) 71 percent.**
(b) One of these is not a source of fresh water.
**(i) gulf.**
(c) One of these is not found in the Atlantic Ocean.
**(ii) Kuro Siwo**
(d) One of these is not a cold current.
**(ii) East Australian Current**
(e) One of these is not a warm current.
**(iii) Benguela Current**
---
### 3. Match the rows.
(a) Canary Current - **(v) off the north-western coast of the Sahara Desert**
(b) Labrador Current - **(iii) off the coast of eastern Canada**
(c) Florida Current - **(ii) Gulf Stream**
(d) Japan Current - **(i) Kuro Siwo**
(e) Southern Ocean - **(iv) cold West Wind Drift**
---
### 4. Write true or false.
(a) The average salinity of ocean water is 35 grams per thousand grams of water.
**True**
(b) High tide is also called the ebb of tide.
**False** - High tide is also called the **flood tide**.
(c) Hot and cold currents are two types of ocean currents.
**True**
(d) Plankton is fish food.
**True**
(e) The meeting of warm and cold currents produces good weather for shipping.
**False** - The meeting of warm and cold currents often creates **fog** and can make navigation
difficult.
---
### 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
(a) What is fresh water? What percentage of total water on earth is fresh water?
Fresh water is water with low salt content, suitable for drinking. It makes up about **2.5%** of the total
water on Earth.
(b) What is saline water? What percentage of total water on earth is saline water?
Saline water is water that contains significant amounts of dissolved salts, like seawater. It makes up
about **97.5%** of Earth’s total water.
(c) What do you understand by waves?
Waves are movements of water on the ocean surface caused by wind.
(d) Define an ocean current.
An ocean current is a continuous movement of seawater generated by factors like wind, salinity, and
temperature differences.
(e) How are earthquakes and tsunamis connected?
Underwater earthquakes can displace large amounts of water, generating powerful waves known as
tsunamis.
---
### 6. Answer the following questions in four or five sentences.
(a) Differentiate between saline and fresh water.
Saline water contains high levels of dissolved salts, mainly found in oceans and seas, making it
unsuitable for direct consumption. Fresh water has low salt content and is found in rivers, lakes, and
groundwater, making it suitable for drinking. Fresh water makes up a small percentage of Earth’s water
compared to saline water.
(b) Discuss the importance of oceans.
Oceans play a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide. They
provide a habitat for marine life and are a source of food, mineral resources, and energy. Oceans also
support global trade and transportation, as many shipping routes pass through them.
(c) What do you understand by tides? Explain the usefulness of tides.
Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. They
are helpful for navigation in shallow waters, fishing, and generating tidal energy. Tides also help in the
natural cleaning of coastal areas.
(d) Explain the difference between warm and cold currents.
Warm currents originate near the equator and flow toward the poles, warming the coastal regions they
pass. Cold currents originate near the poles and flow toward the equator, cooling the nearby coastal
areas. The interaction of these currents affects weather patterns and marine biodiversity.
(e) Discuss the influence of ocean currents.
Ocean currents influence climate by transferring heat across the planet; warm currents bring warmth to
cooler regions, while cold currents cool warmer areas. They affect marine life distribution, weather
patterns, and help in global navigation. Currents also influence fishing areas as nutrient-rich cold
currents attract marine life.
Here are answers for the section on **Media and Communication**.
---
### 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Media has become an **integral** part of our lives.
(b) The freedom of speech and expression is a Fundamental Right according to **Article 19** of the
Constitution.
(c) The Office of the Registrar of Newspapers was formed in **1956**.
(d) The Right to Information Act came into force in **2005**.
(e) Under the Right to Information Act, the request for information must be submitted to the **Public
Information Officer**.
---
### 2. Choose the correct answer.
(a) Which of the following is an example of mass media?
**(iv) all of these** (newspapers, television, radio)
(b) The freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed under Article
**(i) 19(1)**.
(c) The Broadcasting Code was adopted in
**(ii) 1962**.
(d) The Chairman of the Press Council of India is a retired
**(i) Supreme Court judge**.
(e) The Right to Information Act is applicable in
**(iii) both of these** (Punjab, Assam).
---
### 3. Match the rows.
(a) PIO - **(ii) RTI**
(b) Registrar of Newspapers for India - **(iv) 1956**
(c) Broadcasting Code - **(v) 1962**
(d) Press Council Act - **(iii) 1978**
(e) Right to Information - **(i) 2005**
---
### 4. Write true or false.
(a) Public opinion shapes government policy.
**True**
(b) The Press Council of India was set up in 1920.
**False** - It was set up in **1966**.
(c) There are no checks on the mass media in India.
**False** - There are **regulations and codes of conduct** for media in India.
(d) The Right to Information Act increases transparency in governance.
**True**
(e) Oral requests for information can be made under the Right to Information Act.
**False** - Requests must be **submitted in writing**.
---
### 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
(a) Name the different forms of media.
The different forms of media include **print media** (newspapers, magazines), **broadcast media**
(radio, television), and **digital media** (internet, social media).
(b) What do you understand by the term "public opinion"?
Public opinion is the **collective view or preference** of the general population on social, political, or
economic issues.
(c) When was the Registrar of Newspapers for India set up? What is its function?
It was set up in **1956** to **regulate and monitor the publication of newspapers** in India.
(d) What is the aim of the Press Council of India?
The Press Council aims to **uphold the freedom of the press and ensure high standards** in print
media.
(e) Name the state where the Right to Information Act is not applicable.
**Jammu and Kashmir** (prior to the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, when it followed a separate
act).
---
### 6. Answer the following questions in four or five sentences.
(a) What do you understand by the term media? Why is it important?
Media is the various means of communication that provide information, news, and entertainment to the
public. It plays a crucial role in **shaping public opinion**, raising awareness on issues, and holding
authorities accountable. Media also promotes transparency and acts as a bridge between the
government and citizens.
(b) How does public opinion shape government policy?
Public opinion reflects the views and needs of society. When public opinion on certain issues is strong, it
can **influence government decisions** and policies, as governments often respond to the demands of
the electorate. Media plays a role in highlighting these opinions, making it a tool for democratic
participation.
(c) Briefly explain media ethics and accountability.
Media ethics refer to principles like **truthfulness, fairness, accuracy, and respecting privacy** that
journalists are expected to follow. Accountability ensures media remains **responsible for the
content** it produces, with oversight bodies like the Press Council to check any ethical violations,
thereby maintaining public trust.
(d) How does the media strengthen democracy?
Media strengthens democracy by providing citizens with **accurate and timely information**,
promoting transparency in governance, and giving a platform for diverse voices. It enables informed
decision-making, holds leaders accountable, and encourages active participation in democratic
processes.
(e) Why was the Right to Information Act introduced? How do citizens benefit from it?
The Right to Information Act was introduced to promote **transparency and accountability** in
governance by giving citizens access to government information. It allows citizens to **question public
authorities**, access government decisions, and hold officials accountable, thus strengthening
democratic governance.
### 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Gender is a **socially** acquired characteristic.
(b) **Female infanticide** is the practice of killing girls immediately after birth.
(c) Women are considered to be **physically** and emotionally weaker than men.
(d) Gender **stereotypes** should be avoided in schools.
(e) The **Save the Girl Child** campaign has been undertaken in many states to prevent female
infanticide.
### 2. Choose the correct answer.
(a) Gender is a/an
**(ii) socially acquired characteristic**
(b) The roles assigned for boys and girls by society is called
**(i) gender stereotype**
(c) The literacy rate among boys is
**(i) higher than among girls**
(d) The year 2001 was declared as
**(iv) Women’s Empowerment Year**
(e) The programme launched for the improvement of female literacy was
**(i) Saakshar Bharat Mission**
### 3. Match the rows.
(a) Gender - **(ii) John William Money**
(b) Dowry death - **(i) social evil**
(c) Year of empowerment of women - **(iv) 2001**
(d) Saakshar Bharat Mission - **(v) to improve female literacy**
(e) Save the Girl Child campaign - **(iii) to prevent female infanticide**
### 4. Write true or false.
(a) Female infanticide and dowry deaths are not social evils.
**False** - They are serious social evils.
(b) The literacy rate among boys is lower than that among girls.
**False** - The literacy rate is generally higher among boys.
(c) The government gives cash incentives to families with girl children.
**True**
(d) The media does not reinforce stereotypes.
**False** - Media often reinforces gender stereotypes.
(e) The Save the Girl Child campaign is aimed at curbing female infanticide.
**True**
### 5. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.
(a) What do you understand by the term gender?
Gender refers to **socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes** that a society
considers appropriate for men and women.
(b) What is the difference between gender and sex?
**Sex** is the biological difference between males and females, while **gender** is the societal roles,
behaviors, and norms expected of men and women.
(c) What is a stereotype?
A stereotype is an **overgeneralized and fixed belief about a group of people**, often based on gender,
race, or social status.
(d) Name certain social evils which hinder the development of women.
Social evils like **dowry, female infanticide, gender discrimination, and child marriage** hinder the
development of women.
(e) Name some initiatives undertaken by the government to empower women.
Initiatives include **Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Saakshar Bharat Mission, and Sukanya Samriddhi
Yojana**.
---### 6. Answer the following questions in four or five sentences.
(a) How are stereotypes formed?
Stereotypes are formed when **certain traits, behaviors, or roles** are repeatedly associated with
specific groups through socialization, media, cultural norms, and historical influences. Over time, these
associations become general beliefs, and people may assume everyone in the group fits these traits,
even if it’s not true.
(b) How are women discriminated against in society?
Women often face discrimination through **gender bias in education, limited career opportunities,
wage gaps, and lack of access to healthcare**. They may also be denied property rights, subjected to
harmful practices like dowry, and experience restrictions in decision-making.
(c) Why are girls denied education in some parts of our country?
Girls are often denied education due to **poverty, cultural norms favoring boys, early marriages, and
domestic responsibilities** assigned to them. Some families prioritize boys’ education over girls’ due to
limited resources.
(d) Briefly explain different forms of violence and crimes women are subjected to.
Women face various forms of violence, including **domestic violence, sexual harassment, honor killings,
and dowry-related violence**. Crimes like trafficking, stalking, and acid attacks also disproportionately
affect women.
(e) Why is gender equality important? What steps has the government taken to ensure gender equality?
Gender equality is vital for **social progress, economic growth, and fair opportunities** for everyone.
The government has taken steps like implementing **the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign, setting up
laws for equal pay, reserving seats for women in local governance, and promoting education** for girls
to ensure gender equality.
