GUIDED BY DE SIGN

⠠⠛⠥⠊⠙⠫⠀ ⠃⠽⠀ ⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝

Co-living space for Visually Impaired people
"Our bodies and movements are in constant interaction with the environment;
the world and the self-inform and redefine each other constantly. The perception
of the body and the image of the world turn into one single continuous existential
experience; there is no body separate from its domicile in space, and there is no
space unrelated to the unconscious image of the perceiving self."

- Juhani Pallasmaa,
The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses
 TABLES OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
1.2. Aim of the Thesis
1.3. Scope and Limitations
1.4. Need of the Project
1.5 History

2.METHODOLOGY

3.PRE - DESIGN STUDY

3.1. Literature Review
3.2. Data Standards
3.3. User Group Analysis
3.3. Primary Studies
3.4. Secondary Studies
3.5. Data Consolidation

4.SITE STUDY
4.1. Site Documentation
4.2. Site Analysis
Abstract

This thesis explores the architectural potential of co-living spaces designed specifically for visually
impaired individuals, aiming to foster inclusive, independent, and community-oriented living. In the
context of rapid urbanization and increasing housing challenges, co-living has emerged as a
sustainable and socially responsive typology. However, most such models fail to accommodate users
with visual impairments, resulting in environments that inadvertently exclude.

The study investigates the spatial, sensory, and psychological needs of visually impaired users and
identifies key design principles that promote orientation, autonomy, and comfort. Through case
studies, user interviews, and site analysis, the research formulates a design strategy that integrates
tactile, auditory, and olfactory cues with accessible circulation, responsive materials, and adaptable
spatial layouts. The chosen site in Hyderabad—a centrally located, well-connected urban
fabric—offers the ideal context for developing a prototype model that redefines shared living through
inclusive design.

The project proposes a co-living environment that moves beyond basic accessibility to create a richly
layered, dignified, and empowering space for visually impaired residents of various age groups and
working backgrounds. In doing so, the thesis contributes to the discourse on universal design in
residential architecture and advocates for built environments that embrace diversity in ability.
1.INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background

Visually impaired individuals often face architectural and social barriers in conventional living envi-
ronments. Traditional housing lacks spatial cues, tactile guidance systems, and safe navigation routes,
making independent living challenging. With the rise of inclusive design ideologies and the need for
community-based support, co-living emerges as a progressive alternative. It combines private and
shared spaces to promote autonomy, mutual aid, and a sense of belonging. Designing such
environments for the visually impaired requires specialized spatial planning that integrates sensory
architecture, universal design prinicples, and community interaction.

1.2.Aim of the Thesis

To design an inclusive co-living environment that enhances the independence, safety, and quality of
life for visually impaired individuals through thoughtful spatial organization, sensory-oriented architec-
ture, and community-based living models

Social Isolation
Problem Inaccessible Interfaces
Poor lighting or Glare
Lack of Privacy & Independence
Safety Issues
Navigation & Wayfinding

To design an inclusive co-living environment

Objective To develop spatial strategies
To create a community - oriented layout
To incorporate sensory - sensitive materials
To explore sustainable and context - responsive design
To enhance accessibility and dignity

Ensure safe and independent navigation

Goals Promote social interaction and co-living
Integrate mult-sensory design elements
Incorporate adaptive and assistive technologies
Foster flexibility and personalization
Enhance safety and minimize hazards
1.3.Scope and Limitations

Scope :

• To design a residential facility for approximately 35 visually impaired individuals from varied
age groups and work backgrounds.
• Integration of assistive design elements such as tactile flooring, auditory cues, and
high-contrast materials.
• Inclusion of communal areas, learning zones, workspaces, and therapeutic green spaces.
• Urban site planning, circulation strategy, and interior spatial programming with a focus on
inclusivity.

Limitations :

• Design may not accommodate all forms of disabilities, focusing primarily on visual
impairments.
• Technological interventions such as smart home systems will be proposed conceptually, not
detailed at the product level.
• The project will not cover full-scale cost analysis or real estate feasibility.

1.4.Need for the Project

• There is a significant gap in inclusive residential design, particularly for the visually impaired
in urban India.
• Existing institutions often focus solely on education or rehabilitation, lacking holistic living
environments.
• Co-living offers economic and emotional support, especially for individuals facing
marginalization or limited mobility.
• Architecture has the potential to bridge accessibility with dignity, fostering environments
that empower the visually impaired to live with independence and community support.
1.5.History of Inclusive Living for the Visually Impaired

Historically, people with visual impairments were often confined to institutional care facilities or family
homes, with limited access to independent living. In the 18th and 19th centuries, efforts were primarily
charitable, focusing on shelter and basic care through asylums or blind schools, such as the National
Institute for the Blind in the UK (founded in 1868) and early schools in India like the Andh Kanya Gruh in
Ahmedabad (est. 1940).

By the mid-20th century, with global movements advocating for universal human rights and disability
rights, the focus shifted toward integration and self-sufficiency. This period saw the development of acces-
sible public spaces and buildings, but residential architecture still largely ignored the specific needs of
blind individuals.

The 1970s–1990s brought the concept of universal design, pioneered by architects like Ronald Mace, and
encouraged creating spaces usable by all, regardless of ability. This, along with the Americans with
Disabilities Act (1990) and similar global legislation, laid the groundwork for more inclusive design thinking.

In India, inclusive architectural approaches started gaining attention post-2000, following policies like the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016). However, co-living as a concept remained focused on
students or young professionals, not people with disabilities.

More recently, there has been a paradigm shift. Global examples like Casa Mac in Italy and Institute for
the Blind in Mexico City demonstrate how sensory-rich environments, community models, and adaptive
housing can create empowering spaces for the visually impaired. These projects emphasize multi-sensory
design, tactile cues, soundscapes, and social inclusion—forming the backbone of today’s inclusive co-living
design philosophy.

ANCIENT 20th CENTURY MODERN

Incusive Footpath Integation braille Architectural elements
for visually impaired
1.5.1 The Statue of Justice & Its Architectural Relevance

The Statue of Justice, a timeless symbol of fairness and moral balance, holds
significant architectural and philosophical value in the design of civic, institutional,
and inclusive spaces. Her presence is more than ornamental; she embodies the ideals
that architecture can and should reflect — equity, dignity, inclusivity, and universal
access.

Symbolism Integrated into Architecture

Each element of the statue can be interpreted in a spatial or design context:

1.The Scales of Justice (Balance):Represent equilibrium in spatial planning — ensuring that all users,
regardless of ability, have equal access and functionality within a space.
In co-living spaces, this can mean balanced zones for private, semi-
private, and communal use — accessible to all.

2.The Blindfold (Impartiality) : In architectural design, the blindfold can symbolize design without
discrimination — where spaces cater to all senses, not just vision. For
visually impaired users, this translates into tactile surfaces, audio cues,
clear circulation, and sensory-inclusive design.

3.The Sword (Justice as Action): The sword is a reminder that ideals must be enforced. In design, this can
reflect regulatory standards, safety codes, and universal design guidelines
that protect the rights and dignity of users with disabilities.

Architectural Takeaways for Inclusive Design

•Designing with Empathy: Just as justice must be fair to all, architecture must serve every body. Co-living
spaces should embody this fairness by addressing physical, sensory, and emotional needs.

•Justice as Spatial Equality: The placement of ramps, tactile paving, signage, lighting, and acoustic design
can reflect the equitable principles that the Statue of Justice stands for.

•Architectural Symbolism: Incorporating design motifs — such as subtle references to the scales or blind
fold — in walls, art, or textures can create a narrative that connects users to the idea of equality.

•Preserving History with Justice: When repurposing heritage elements on a site (like your stepwell and
sacred tree), one can frame them as anchors of community memory and accessibility — restoring
dignity, not just structure.

How It Relates to My Thesis

In My Thesis on co-living spaces for the visually impaired, the Statue of Justice is a poetic metaphor for
your design philosophy:

To create an architecture that does not see with the eyes, but feels with fairness, navigates with dignity,
and lives with inclusivity.
 2.METHODOLOGY

Social Isolation
Background
Inaccessible Interfaces
Aim of the Thesis
Poor lighting or Glare
Scope and Limitations
Lack of Privacy &
Need of the Project
Independence
History
Safety Issues Research & Literature Study About Materials
Navigation & Wayfinding Spatial understanding
Challenges faced etc.
-Articles
-Existing documentation
-Desktop studies
Problem Identification Site Selection Criteria
-Accessibility to public transportation
Secondary Data -Barrier-free access
-Proximity to Support Services
-Surrounding Urban Fabric
-Spatial Analysis Data Analysis -Site Topography & Orientation
Primary Data -Anthropometry -Existing Infarstructure
-User Activity -Safety & Infrastructure
-Connectivity of spaces
-Process
Methodology Case studies -Individual & collective
-Architecural Features
working analysis Area Programming
-Interviews -Community Bonding
-Surveys -User Mapping
-Spatial connections
-Process Understanding

Site Selection &

Context Analysis

Concept Redevelopment
Development Model or New Contextual Analysis Mapping Existing Elements
Proposed Model

-Architectural Features -Daily Rotine

-Materials used -Exiting road network
Design -Improving living conditions
-Climate -Community arrangement
-Co-living areas
Development -Sustainable Techiques -Transportation -Entry,Exits
-Community Kitchen , Dining hall -Services -Transportation
-Climate responsive materials
-Sustainable Techiques

Final Model
3. PRE-DESIGN STUDY

3.1 LITERATURE STUDY

TITLE: Creating a co-living space for visually impaired through designing an Education and
Residential space

SUBTITLE: A learning space and training centre for visually impaired

KEYWORDS: Visually impaired, Blind, Late blind, Sustainable architecture, Vernacular materials,
Interactive spaces, Sensory design.

1.PROJECT REQUIRMENTS BEFORE CASE STUDIES

Before conducting case studies, the project requires:

1. Understanding the lifestyle of visually impaired:

o What is their daily routine
o The mode of transport they use

2. Study of learning Environments:

o How do they communicate with each other
o Independent living techniques
o Assistive technology

3. Sustainable and Vernacular Building Techniques:

o Including energy – efficient systems
o Including accessible green spaces

4. Legal and Technical Requirements:

o NBC guidelines for visually impaired, educational institutions and Residential spaces
o Fire safety, accessibility , and structural stability requirements
o PWD Act (Person with disability act)
2. USER GROUP ANALYSIS

Primary Users:
1. Blind and visual impaired people
2. Late blind
3. Aged blind
4. Students (male/female)

Secondary Users:
1. Teachers/Trainers/Staff
2. Family and Public

3.INTRODUCTION OF BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED:

BLINDNESS

Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological

factors , Total blindness is the complete lack of form and visual light erception and is clinically
known as “NLP” No Light Perception, these problems may ause Disorder in light perception par-
tial blindness in worst as a total blindness. Most portant sense for a human body is visual percep-
tion. So, while they lack the sense of sight other senses like hearing, feel, touch and smell needs
to fill its place. Therefore it is very important that when we design a blind school that creates a
connection between the user and the school through the other senses

There are no specific places for their comfort and special roads to their mobility, lack of rehabil-
itation and educational centers (there are only two schools in Jordan, first one in Amman while
the second one in Irbid), on the other hand there are no entertainment places designed consid-
ering their special condition.

They are suffering from neglect, which lead to:

1. Ignorance,
2. Physical weakness,
3. Fright,
4. Unemployment/Poverty,
5. Pronunciation problems,
6. Aggressive behaviour,
7. Psychological problems.
 Disabled population in India (According to 2024 census ):

WHO classified visual impairment in 5 different categories :

LOW VISION - 1 Corrected visual acuity of 20/70

LOW VISION - 2 starts at 20/200
BLINDNESS - 3 It is below 20/400 or visual field between 5 to 10
BLINDNESS - 4 its is below 5/300 or visual field less then 5
BLINDNESS - 5 No light perception

PWD Act:

In india according to the PWD Act (Person with disability act) an individual with 40% or more visual inca-
pability is started as visually impaired

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT : Types

Macular Diabetic Glaucoma Cataracts Total Blindness

Degeneration Retinopathy . All useful vision is
. Loss of central vesion . Caused by diabetes . Has no symptoms until . Clouding of internal lost
. Common in older . Causes eye spots serious vision loss lens
people . Caused by complex . Common in older
anatomical features people
. Pinhole effect
Global cause for blindness:

Age distribution of blindness in India:

4. SIMILAR SPACES AND CASE STUDIES

1. BLIND SCHOOL

o SCHOOL OF BLIND , Gandhinagar

o DEVNAR SCHOOL OF BLIND, Hyderabad
o GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL FOR BLIND, Hyderabad

2. RESIDENTIAL SPACES

o HOME FOR A BLIND CLIENT, So &So Studio

5. REQUIREMENTS OF A CO-LIVING SPACE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

1.Learning Spaces:
o Schools which focuses on skill development
o Spaces which interactive spaces for visually impaired
o Schools which sensory design

2.Residential Units:
o Individual cottages for visually impaired
o Hostels for the students for the blind school
o Common Dining and Recreational space

3.Interactive spaces:
o Sensory parks
o Public spaces for workshops
o Vocational training center

4.Sustainable Design Features:

o Locally sourced materials
o Rainwater harvesting and passive cooling techniques

6.CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE TRENDS

CURRENT SCENARIO

1. Technological Advancement:
o Screen Readers & Voice Assistants
o Smartphones & apps

2.Physical Accessibility:
o Braille and Tactile signage
o Public Transport and Smart Cities

3.Education and Employment:

o Educational Tools
o Workplace Integration
4.Social Perception and Inclusion:
o Changing Attitudes
o Accessibility Legislation

FUTURE TRENDS
1. AI and Augmented Reality (AR) Integration
2. Self-Driving Cars
3. Smart Home Technology
4. Improved Healthcare Accessibility
5. Advancements in Education
6. Robotics for Assistance
7. Increased Advocacy and Legal Right

7.NBC AND OTHER INDIAN STANDARDS

BUILDING CODES
o NBC 2016 ( National Building Code of India )
o Accessibility (NBC-2016)
o Accessibility (Chapter 4) – Access routes, Ramp Design, Signage, Elevators, Flooring Contrasting
colors

INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ACCESSIBILITY AND DESIGN

o IS 4873: code of Practice for Design and Construction of Building for Physically Handicapped
Person
o IS 6322: Braille sign and Symbols
o IS 11970: Design of Accessible and Safe Pedestrian Infrastructure

8.LIGHTING AND ACCOUSTIC REQUIREMENTS

Lighting Requirements:
o General Lighting Design Principles
o Task-Specific Lighting
o Lighting for Navigation
o Emergency and Safety Lighting
Acoustic Requirements:

o General Acoustic Principles

o Auditory Wayfinding and Navigation
o Speech and Communication Considerations
o Noise Control and Privacy

9.LEGAL STANDARDS : SETBACKS AND REGULATIONS

o Setbacks: Minimum 3m-6m (as per NBC for institutional / cultural zones)
o Height Restrictions: As per zoning laws of selected location
o Fire Safety: Minimum two exits, fire-retardant materials, and hydrant systems
o Environmental Clearances : For use of natural resources in an ecologically sensitive setting
3.1. Data Standards

3.1.1.Circulation & Navigation

Element Standard

Corridor width Minimum 1500 mm

Doorway width Minimum 900 mm (preferably sliding doors with tactile edges)
Turning radius Min. 1500 mm
(wheelchair/white cane users)
Edge protection 100 mm high tactile skirting for all walls
Ramp gradient 1:12 maximum with tactile railings on both side

3.1.2.Tactile & Sensory Design

Element Standard

Tactile paving ISO 23599:2012-compliant pavers at all intersections and

entrances
Audible signals Sound beacons at key points like lifts, stairs, toilets
Braille signage Installed at 1200–1400 mm height on all public rooms and
circulation nodes
Material texture variation Change in flooring texture for spatial zoning (e.g., ceramic to carpet)

3.1.3.Room Sizes

Space Area per user (approx.) Notes

Bedroom (twin-sharing) 15–18 sqm Clear navigation path of 1000 mm

Living/Dining 20–25 sqm Acoustic dampening recommended
Kitchen (shared) 12–15 sqm Height of counters: 800–850 mm with
rounded corners
Toilet/Bathroom 6–7 sqm Grab rails at 800–850 mm, tactile floor,
non-slip tiles

3.1.4.Lighting

Element Standard

General lighting Even, indirect lighting, 300 lux

Task lighting Adjustable, glare-free lights near beds and tables
Light contrast Use color and brightness contrast to define walls, furniture, and switc

3.1.5.Safety & Accessibility

Element Standard

Emergency alarm systems Audible + vibrating alerts in all units

Fire escape Visual + tactile signage with audible evacuation instructions
Staircases Contrasting nosing strips and handrails on both sides
Elevators Braille buttons, voice announcements, mirror inside for spatial
 3.3. USER GROUP ANALYSIS

The primary user group comprises visually impaired individuals across different age categories—young
adults, working professionals, and elderly residents. Each group has unique spatial and functional
requirements. Young adults may benefit from learning zones, recreational areas, and interactive
communal spaces that support independence and social growth. Working professionals need accessible
workspaces, connectivity to transport, and quiet zones for concentration. Elderly residents require calm,
sensory-friendly environments, therapeutic gardens, seating zones, and easy access to healthcare
facilities.

The secondary user groups include family members, caregivers, and support staff who assist in
daily living and emotional support. Spaces for temporary stays, staff accommodation, and service ac-
cess are essential. Additionally, visitors and members of the local community play a vital role in fostering
inclusive public interaction, encouraging the inclusion of community zones, public plazas, and sensory
gardens. Design considerations also need to include maintenance personnel and utility staff, ensuring
service access routes are well-planned and do not hinder user comfort or privacy. The design should
be holistic, prioritizing universal accessibility, spatial clarity, and multi-sensory experiences that support
independence and community integratio

A WOMEN WHO
MUSICIANS
WORKS IN COMMUNITY
A PERSON WHO
A PERSON WITH A WORKS OUTSIDE
GUIDE DOG A PERSON WHO
A PERSON WORKS FROM HOME
A WOMEN WHO WHO HELFS IN
WORKS OUTSIDE COMMUNITY GARDEN
OLD BLIND STUDENT

DOCTOR

USER GROUP ANALYSIS

Understanding Social Interaction Between
Visually Impaired Individuals

How Do Two Blind Individuals Meet in Person?

Two visually impaired people often meet in inclusive social environments

such as:
• Special education institutions or inclusive schools
• Co-living spaces or assisted residential communities
• Workplace environments for persons with disabilities
• NGO events, skill development workshops, or therapy sessions

In an inclusive co-living setting, spatial familiarity and repetitive interaction foster organic connections.
Regular proximity in common areas such as dining halls, corridors, or community lounges enhances recog-
nition via voice, conversation style, or scent, replacing visual cues.

What Might They Talk About?

Their conversations may include:

• Shared life experiences: schooling, accessibility challenges, independence journeys
• Daily routines: cooking, music, hobbies, mobility aids
• Emotions and relationships: forming trust, companionship, and mental health
• Practical exchanges: tips for navigation, technology use, tactile learning

Unlike sighted interactions which often begin with visual observation, visually impaired people rely heavily
on active listening, tone of voice, word choice, and emotional resonance. These make their conversations
deeper and more intentional from the start.

How Do They Feel About Each Other?

Trust and empathy develop gradually through:

• Voice recognition and emotional tone
• Frequent interactions in familiar sensory-rich environments
• Mutual assistance or shared daily tasks (like cooking or navigating together)

In the absence of sight, emotional intelligence, spatial awareness, and auditory cues take center stage.
These interactions are often more emotionally authentic, leading to strong bonds of friendship or even
romantic connection.

Architectural Implication

Design must enable:

• Frequent passive encounters in safe, acoustically rich zones
• Spaces that support interaction without visual dependency
• Comfortable seating with voice-friendly acoustics
• Integration of sound, touch, and routine to facilitate social memory

This insight drives the need for purposeful yet natural social architecture — spaces that don’t force inter-
action but allow it to blossom meaningfully.
Inspiring Visually Impaired Individuals from India

1. Dr. Bhushan Punani 2. Rajani Gopal

Social Reformer and Policy Advocate India’s First Blind Woman to Become a Radio Jockey
Dr. Punani is a blind activist and the Executive Director of the Rajani lost her vision in childhood but became a trailblazing
Blind People’s Association (BPA) in Ahmedabad. He has worked voice on radio. She inspires many with her advocacy for
extensively for the education, training, and rehabilitation of education and her ability to connect with the public through
persons with disabilities. His work influenced policies on sound.
accessibility, employment, and inclusive development in India.
Architectural Takeaway: This supports the importance of
Architectural Takeaway: Emphasize vocational training spaces, acoustic design, quiet zones, and sound-based navigation
adaptable workspaces, and independence-enhancing features systems for the visually impaired.
in design.

3. Kanchan Gaba 4. Srikanth Bolla

Blind Mountaineer and Lawyer Entrepreneur and Founder of Bollant Industries Born blind and
Kanchan Gaba is a visually impaired mountaineer and a denied admission to several schools, Srikanth went on to study
practicing advocate at the Calcutta High Court. Despite her at MIT and founded a multi-crore enterprise that employs
disability, she climbed Mount Kilimanjaro and is a strong voice people with disabilities.
for accessibility rights.
Architectural Takeaway: His journey reinforces the need for
Architectural Takeaway: Her story emphasizes movement and inclusive work environments and barrier-free entrepreneurship
independence, supporting design elements like tactile paving, spaces.
railings, and sensory orientation systems.

5. Ashwin Karthik

First Quadriplegic Engineering Graduate in India Though not

blind, Ashwin’s success despite his disability highlights universal
design principles. He inspires the belief that spaces designed
for dignity and accessibility can empower anyone.

Architectural Takeaway: Prioritize flexibility, universal design,

and adaptable furniture systems.
3.3.1. User Interview’s

Interview with a Blind Student

Name: Aarav
Age: 17
Location: Ahmadabad
Education: 12th Grade Student at a School for the Visually Impaired

Q: What are the biggest challenges you face in your current living or learning environment?
A : Moving around independently is the hardest part. In many places, tactile markers or audio cues are
missing. I often rely on friends or staff to find classrooms or dining areas.

Q: What helps you feel safe and confident in your surroundings?

A : Consistent furniture layout, good acoustic feedback, and tactile surfaces help me understand the
space. I also like when there’s enough natural light—even though I can’t see fully, I can sense it.

Q: What would you like to see in a living space designed for you?
A : A layout that’s easy to memorize. Clear pathways, textured flooring, Braille signage, and a social area
where I can connect with other students would make a big difference.

Architectural Takeaway :
• Include tactile and acoustic cues
• Create well-zoned spaces with logical circulation
• Design inclusive, communal areas for peer interaction

Interview with a Blind Teacher

Name : Mr. Labhubhai Joshi

Age : 41
Profession : Teacher at School of Blind , Ahmadabad

Q : What is your experience navigating built environments at home and at work?

A : Familiarity helps, but new spaces are often difficult. Public areas like corridors or staircases can be
risky without railings, textured edges, or guidance.

Q : What kind of space helps you teach better or feel at ease?

A : A quiet, acoustically controlled room helps me communicate better. Also, proper lighting helps my
low-vision students. Personal orientation cues—like specific textures on walls—are also useful for me.

Q : What do you think is missing in most living or teaching spaces today?

A : Thoughtfulness. Designers forget that blind people use senses other than sight to experience a space.
We need architecture that thinks in terms of feel, sound, and flow.

Architectural Takeaway :
• Prioritize acoustic design
• Use sensory navigation systems (sound, smell, touch)
• Incorporate universal design features that support mobility and teaching tasks
Interview with a Visually Impaired Working Woman

Name: Priya Sharma

Age: 32
Occupation: Government Employee – Ministry of Social Justice
Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
Level of Visual Impairment : Completely blind since birth

Q : Can you describe your current living arrangement?

A : I currently live with my parents and younger sister. Though my family is supportive, I often feel the
need for independent living — a space of my own where I can manage my day, yet still feel safe and
socially connected.

Q : What are the main challenges you face in your home environment?
A : Navigation is a constant challenge. Kitchens and bathrooms often have inconsistent layouts. I also
struggle with identifying objects if they’re moved. Poor lighting or uneven flooring adds risk. Simple
tasks take longer because the design isn’t friendly to someone like me.

Q : How do you commute to work, and what challenges do you face during travel?
A : I travel by metro and walk part of the way with a cane. While public transport in Hyderabad is
improving, accessibility is still patchy. Audible signals at crossings and tactile paving would really help.

Q : What does a supportive living environment mean to you?

A : For me, a supportive space is one where I don’t need to ask for help constantly. Tactile signage, audio
guides, and consistent layouts help a lot. Also, having access to shared yet safe spaces where I can
interact with others .

Q : What features would you want in a co-living space?

A : Definitely tactile flooring, voice-activated appliances, and guide rails. A dedicated assistance desk or
caretaker on-site would be helpful. Also, open, inclusive spaces where people like me can relax or
socialize without feeling “different”.

Q : Would you consider moving into a co-living community designed for visually impaired people? Why?
A : Absolutely. It would give me both independence and a sense of belonging. Knowing that the space was
designed with people like me in mind would give me confidence and improve my quality of life.

Architectural Takeaway :
• Safe and Independent Navigation
• Functional and Intuitive Interiors
• Work-from-Home
• Emotional comfort and Privacy
• Accessible Appliances and Storage
• Wayfinding and Orientation Aids
Designing Inclusive Parks for the Visually Impaired
Inclusive landscape design plays a vital role in promoting accessibility, sensory engagement, and spatial
independence for visually impaired users. Parks and recreational spaces must move beyond visual
aesthetics to incorporate multisensory and barrier-free elements that ensure equitable access for all.

Architectural Design Strategies

• Tactile Navigation Systems

Integrate tactile paving, textured surfaces, and Braille wayfinding at key nodes such as intersections,
entrances, and decision points to enhance orientation and movement.
• Auditory Spatial Cues
Employ environmental sounds (e.g., water features, wind chimes) and assistive auditory devices to
support intuitive spatial understanding and directional guidance.
• Pathway Design and Materiality
Use contrasting textures and materials to differentiate circulation zones. Ensure pathways are smooth,
continuous, non-slip, and obstacle-free, with adequate turning radii and resting points.
• Inclusive Seating and Gathering Spaces
Design rest areas with ergonomically placed benches, tactile signage, and shaded zones. Seating
elements should support cane users and individuals with limited mobility.
• Multisensory Landscapes
Introduce sensory gardens using aromatic plants, varied textures, and interactive sculptural elements.
These promote passive and active engagement while enhancing spatial memory.
• Wayfinding and Signage Systems
Integrate Braille and raised-letter signage throughout the site. Placement should be consistent and
within reach zones defined by accessibility standards.

TACTILE PATHWAYS AUDITORT CUES

Tactile paving , Raised markers Sound Signals,Orientation

SENSORY GARDENS BARRIER - FREE PATHWAYS

Fragrant Plants , Textured surfaces Smooth , Even surfaces
Conclusion

Architectural design for inclusive parks must prioritize sensory-oriented spatial experiences, legible
environments, and dignified access. Through thoughtful materiality, sensory layering, and community
participation, parks can become truly universal spaces that foster interaction, independence, and
inclusivity for visually impaired users.
3.4 Primary Studies
School for Blind and Visually Impaired Children
-Gandhinager
BRIEF -

This study aims to understand the architectural and spatial

design considerations of a blind school in Gandhinagar,
focusing on accessibility, safety, and user experience. It
explores features like tactile flooring, appropriate lighting,
acoustic planning, and functional zoning that support the
needs of visually impaired students. The study also
examines the use of materials, textures, and inclusive design
elements that aid navigation and independence, with the
Project name- School for blind and visually
goal of deriving insights for creating barrier-free educational
impairec children
space . Project loction - Gndhinagar india
Year of completion - 2021
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY - Architects - Sealab
Lead Architect - Anand Sonecha
The School for the Blind in Gandhinagar uses Area - 3,500 sq.m
materials and techniques that prioritize safety, accessibility, Site Area - 1.5 acres
and sensory guidance. Non-slip tactile flooring, textured Client - Government of Guja
walls, and contrasting colors aid navigation. Durable
materials like brick, RCC, and stone ensure stability.
Rounded handrails, sound-absorbing ceilings, and diffused
natural lighting enhance comfort and spatial awareness,
supporting an inclusive and functional environmen

SENSORY DESIGN ELEMENTS

1.Touch:
• Flooring: Rough Kota stone at entrances, smooth elsewhere for tactile transitions.
• Walls: 5 textured plaster types for orientation—horizontal, vertical, and semi-circular patterns.
2.Sight:
• Color: Bold doors/furniture contrast with neutral walls for visibility.
• Lighting: Skylights create light-shadow zones; filtered light reduces glare.

3.Hearing:
• Varying ceiling heights and corridor widths produce distinct echoes as location cues.

4.Smell:
• Fragrant plants in courtyards aid spatial recognition through scent
PLAN

1 - Entrance
2 - Corridor
3 - Special classroom
4 - Classroom
5 - Courtyard
6 - Music room / clasroom
7 - Central Courtyard
8- Stage
9 - Services
10- Balcony

INFERENCES -

A school for blind and visually impaired children in Gandhinagar is designed for accessibility, with
tactile paths, Braille signage, and barrier-free navigation. Optimized light-ing, contrast, and acoustics
support spatial awareness. The curriculum focuses on sensory learning through Braille, audio tools, and
assistivetech. Recreational areas like sensory gardens aid physical and social development, while the
school also promotes independence and life skills for holistic growth
SITE PLAN 81M
Quantitative Aspect

1 5

2 2 5
57 M
1
1
5

4 3 4

1
5

4
5 2 5 2 5
1

Space Estimated Area (sqm)

1
3
1.Standard Classroom(5) 25-30 sqm
2 2.Specialized Rooms(5) 30-35 sqm
1 - Main Entry 3.Central Courtyard ~ 150 sqm
2 - Parking 4.Corridors & Circulation Areas ~100 sqm
3 - Dining hall 5.Private Courtyard(5) 10-15 sqm
4 - Existing building(Hostel) 6.Rainwater Harvesting well ~7.5 sqm
5 - School 7.Miscellaneous Spaces ~50 sqm

Horizontal texture for vertical texture for shorter

longer sider of the sider of the corridors

Sand – faced texture for Semi – circular texture for

exterior walls central courtyard walls

DESIGN CONCEPT

Section A through music room and courtyard Section C through classroom and private courtyards

Section B through corridor and special classroom Section D through central courtyard
3.5 Secondary Studies - 1
Casa MAC / So & So Studio
-Vicenza , Italy

BRIEF -

The study of Casa MAC in Thiene, Italy, focuses on how

architecture can be adapted for a visually impaired user
through sensory-based design. It explores the use of tactile
materials, intuitive spatial planning, and accessible features
that enhance navigation and independence. The project
Project name- Casa Mac
highlights how functionality and aesthetics can be
Project loction - Vicenza,Italy
balanced, with custom elements and thoughtful detailing Year of completion - 2021
contributing to both usability and beauty. This case study Architects - So & So Studio
aims to showcase inclusive design as a meaningful and Lead Architect - Kevin Driscoll and
creative architectural approach Rion Philbin
Area - 232 sq.m
Site Area - 350 sq.m
Client - A blind Women

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY -

Casa MAC in Thiene, Italy, designed by So & So Studio,

employs thoughtful construction technologies tailored for a
visually impaired client. The house features a central corridor
that simplifies navigation, with textured flooring used as a tac-
tile wayfinding system. Material consistency and the removal
of thresholds ensure smooth, safe transitions between spac-
es. Customized directional concrete lighting, developed with
Kardamov Studio, enhances orientation while maintaining
aesthetic appeal. These elements combine to create an intui-
tive, accessible, and comfortable living environme
SENSORY DESIGN ELEMENTS -

• Central Corridor Spine:

A clear, linear circulation path that connects all spaces, reducing confusion and enhancing
orientation.
• Tactile Flooring Patterns:
Varied textures and patterns in the floor help define functional zones and serve as a tactile
navigation tool.
• Minimal Material Palette:
Consistent materials and muted tones reduce visual clutter and create a calm, unified space
.• Custom Lighting Fixtures:
Concrete pendant lights provide focused, directional lighting to assist with spatial
awareness
.• Open and Barrier-Free Layout:
Eliminated thresholds and level flooring ensure ease of movement and safety.
• Integrated Furniture Design:
Built-in elements guide movement and prevent obstacle

PLAN

INFERENCES -

The study of Casa MAC in Thiene, Italy, shows that architecture can sensitively address the needs
of users with disabilities through sensory-driven design. Features like textured flooring, intuitive layouts,
and custom lighting promote independence while maintaining aesthetic appeal. The project highlights
that inclusive design can be both functional and beautiful, and that collaboration with artisans can lead
to personalized, thoughtful solutions—proving that accessibility is a creative opportunity to redefine living
spaces
SITE PLAN

Single direction markers

Multi - direction markers

Textural change via material

The cues are in a different material to the wooden floor. this
DESIGN CONCEPT is experienced via the haptic and kinetic senses as the client
moves through space and ensures safe navigation.
3.5 Secondary Studies - 2

Institute of blind
-Mexico

BRIEF -

This center was developed as a government initiative to

provide inclusive educational and recreational facilities for
the visually impaired in one of Mexico City’s most
underserved areas. The design emphasizes sensory
engagement through the use of sound (water channels),
touch (textured surfaces), and smell (fragrant plants) to
support navigation and spatial awareness. The layout
consists of parallel bands housing classrooms, workshops,
administrative areas, and community spaces like a library,
Project name- Institute of blind
gymnasium-auditorium, and swimming pool. A continuous Project loction - Mexico
exterior wall offers acoustic insulation and privacy, while Year of completion - 2001
interior courtyards enhance light and ventilation Architects - Mauricio Rocho
Lead Architect - Mauricio Rocho
Area - 8,500 sq.m
Site Area - 14,000 sq.m
Client- Government of thr federal
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY - district

•Structural System: Reinforced concrete frame with flat slabs.

•Materials Used:
•Concrete for structure and tactile expression.
•Tepetate bricks for local texture and warmth.
•Steel and glass in limited areas for transparency and contrast.

•Site Integration: Earth berms created from relocated soil

support the perimeter wall and blend with
surroundings
SENSORY DESIGN ELEMENTS -

•Sensory Design: Use of sound (water channels), touch (textured concrete), and smell (fragrant plants) for
navigation.

•Zoned Layout: Organized in linear bands – administration, workshops, classrooms, and recreational
areas.

•Natural Light: Controlled daylighting through strategic openings for visual comfort.

•Wayfinding: Tactile surfaces and clear circulation paths aid orientation and independence.

•Privacy & Calm: Perimeter blind wall acts as an acoustic barrier and defines the internal world.

PLAN

INFERENCES -

The Center for the Blind and Visually Impaired in Mexico City exemplifies how architecture can empower
users through sensory-inclusive design. Rather than focusing solely on visual aesthetics, the project uses
sound, touch, smell, and spatial clarity to create a deeply functional and humancentered environment. Its
zoned layout, tactile materials, and controlled lighting address the unique needs of visually impaired users
while promoting independence, dignity, and community integration.
SITE PLAN DETAIL A

7
2

5
6 4 3
1 - Central Plaza with Water
channel
2 - Classroom
3 - Administrative Block
4 - Cafeteria
5 - Library
6 - Room of Machines
7 - Dressing Room

ACCESSIBILITY CIRCULATION

SECTION A-A’ / NATURAL LIGHT

GLASS BLOCK CONCRETE

4. SITE STUDY

4.1. Site Documentation

SITE ANALYSIS

ROAD
DARY
SECON

PRIM
ARY
ROA
D

Location - Adjaccent to the Institute of Health and

Family Welfare in Vengal Rao Nagar , Hyderabad
Area - 4 Acres
Landmark - SR Nagar Metro Station
Soil Type - Red Sandy loam
Traffic Hours- Morning Peak (10:00 AM)
Evening Peak ( 7:00 PM)
Noise Analysis - Road-facing edge ( 65-75 dB )
Interior of site ( 55-65 dB )
Residential edge ( 45-55 dB )
Transportation - TSRTC Bus Stop :
main road ( Yousufguda ; Erragadda )
Hyderabad Metro :
Yousufguda Station ( approx 1.5 Km )
Erragadda Station ( approx 2 Km )
SITE Justification :

The selected site, located adjacent to the Indian Institute of

Health and Family Welfare in Vengal Rao Nagar, Hyderabad,
presents an ideal setting for a co-living space designed
stepwell now using
specifically for visually impaired individuals. Its central urban as a Dumpyard

it Road
location ensures excellent connectivity through public

Seed Lim
transport, including nearby metro and bus services, Sacred Tree and
Temple area
facilitating ease of access for residents, staff, and visitors. The PRIM
site’s proximity to key healthcare institutions enhances safety
ARY
ROA
D

and emergency responsiveness—crucial considerations for the

user group. Existing Features

Surrounded by an established residential fabric, the site fosters a sense of community integration,
enabling inclusive daily interactions and social engagement. Additionally, the flat topography and well-
developed access roads make it highly suitable for barrier-free movement and universal design principles.
This context offers a unique opportunity to integrate sensory-responsive architecture within a familiar and
supportive urban environment, promoting independence and dignity for visually impaired users.

Site Inferences:

The site offers several distinctive contextual and environmental features that enhance its suitability for a
co-living space designed for visually impaired individuals:

•Accessible Road Connectivity : The site is located along a relatively low-traffic, secondary road, which
makes it a safe and convenient access point for visually impaired users
and visitors. This road can serve as the primary entrance, promoting
barrier-free movement and ease of navigation.

•Presence of Sacred Heritage : A century-old sacred tree and a small existing temple on the site offer
unique opportunities for cultural integration. These elements can be
preserved and celebrated within the design by creating a community
interaction space that encourages inclusion, spiritual well-being, and
intergenerational connection.

•Existing Stepwell (Baoli) : A neglected stepwell currently used as a dump yard holds historical
and ecological significance. Its restoration could serve multiple
purpose water management, cultural revival, and as a tactile, sensory
space inte grated into the landscape design, promoting both heritage
preservation and sustainability.

•Lush Green Periphery : The surrounding green belt of mature trees provides ample filtered
daylight, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with partial
vision. This natural shading also contributes to a calmer, cooler
microclimate and enhances the sensory environment.

• Community Engagement : The site’s placement within a dense urban neighborhood encourages
the inclusion of public zones within the program. Interactive spaces
such as open plazas, sensory gardens, and community workshops can
foster meaningful interaction between residents and the broader
public
4.2 BUBBLE DIAGRAM