© ERR (anticonvulsant drug) Indication "Treatment of Epilepsy "Treatment of Seizure disorder © Adverse effects = SREVERSSORASSAISVRUFOMIE (life-threatening reaction that manifest initially as a rash) = (EGRERISSESINERREIVEE (life-threatening reaction that manifest initially as a rash) ‘+ Pregabalin (Lyrica) - GABA type drug © Indication "Treatment of nerve pain and muscle pain "Treatment of Seizures + Treatment of Epilepsy, Anxiety, Migraine, and Neuropathic Pain ‘+ Four Drug Regimen used to treat TB © Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol (or Streptomycin) + Ethambutol can cause optic neuritis (which decreases visual acuity) * This is a reportable finding= Hepatotoxic + Nephrotoxic © Nursing Consideration Take this drug at the times prescribed to prevent resistance development igns of Serotonin Syndrome © Changes in mental status © Tremors © Hyperreflexia + RERSISIGS (oiamon; ur ic type drug Indication = Commonly used before ophthalmic surgery to reduce intraocular pressure + Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma © Adverse effect = Paresthesia (tingling of fingers) + Methylphenidate © Controlled substance and stimulate used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy © Precaution "Avoid caffeine use when using this drug Anticonvulsant drugs ~LSRiGtRine, Sod Valproate + Sodium Valproate (anti-convulsant drug) © Indication = Treatment of seizures = Treatment of Bipolar disorder © Nursing Consideration ‘Monitor for signs and symptoms of Hepato-Toxicity = Monitor liver function© Nursing Consideration * Contact provider immediately if experiencing constipation Drugs for Alcohol Use Disorder + Acamprosate + Naltrexone Disulfiram Chlordiazepoxide FEPBURSIINE (Bronchodilator and Tocolytic) © Indication " Anti-contraction medication used to delay preterm labor Tachycardia (when maternal heart rate exceed 120/min, medication should be stopped) + Hypotension "Hyperglycemia © Cosyntropin (man-made form of a hormone called ACTH) © Used to determine the presence of adrenal insuffi ney + RBA (anti-parkinsor © Indication -" eSATA (yes feet that an occur when taking chlorpromazine medication) + Zidovudine (HIV antiviral drug) © Indication * Treatment of HIV infection * Used during childbirth to keep mother from passing HIV to her baby m medication) © Adverse effects of Zidovudine "Bone marrow suppression___ eee * Decreases inflammation of the airways * Can be taking along with Theophylline Zafirlukast (Leukotriene receptor antagonist; Anti-inflammatory) . (Another Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist) . (Another Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist) + Treatment of Asthma and prevention of Asthma Attacks | terme * Nursing Consideration © Monitor ALT lab levels (rationale: This drug can affect the liver; causing increased ALT levels) ‘Theophylline (Bronchodilator) = Treatment of Asthma and other lung problems (Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, COPD) = Not compatible with the following Asthma related drugs: ZafiHlukast © Omalizumab (Anti-inflammatory) = Action * Reduces the number of immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules on mast cells © Rationale: Limits the ability of allergens to trigger immune mediators that cause bronchospasm * Nursing consideration = Increase risk for asthma related death when treatment is used long- term + ‘Alosetron (Diarrhea Medication) © Indication = Treatment of IBS = Treatment of severe diarrheaChlorpromazine © Amitriptyline woes {opioid medication) "For clients experiencing opioid withdrawal * Treatment of Opioid withdrawal manifestations © BQSRSRIBEBHBHE (strong opioid medication) = Used to treat moderate to severe pain © NBIBRBRE (Opioid antagonist) * Treatment of Opioid overdose * Can cause acute opioid withdrawal > MABERVIRSIEFERGHE (Opioid Antagonist) * Treatment of opioid-induced constipation (for clients who have not responded to other laxatives) = Opioid used to treat diarrhea * Decrease in the frequency of watery stools due to reduced motility of the intestinal lining oo BURGEBEBAB! (Partial Opioid Agonist) * Treatment of moderate to severe pain = Mast cell stal passageways " **Therapeutic effects can take up to several weeks to develop** = Can be taking along with Theophylline Albuterol Sulfate (beta2-agonist) = Used to treat acute bronchospasms + Canbe taking along with Theophylline Methylprednisolone (Oral Glucocorticoid) "Used for long-term treatment and management of asthitia * Also used in the treatment of * Grapefruit juice can increase zer that decrease inflammation of the airway and nasal© Omeprazole (PPIs) © Nursing Consideration = Clients who experience diarrhea while taking this drug should report this finding to the provider immediately (risk for infection with C-Diff + FRVBFORVERIGFOGUIRE (antimalarial drug) © Indication = Treatment and prevention of Malaria ‘= Treatment of Lupus ‘+ Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis vision recently © Caused by high doses of this drug + Hydroxyzine (Antihistamine type drug) Indication + Treatment of anxiety, nausea, vomiting, allergies Treatment of skin rashes, hives, and itching. > Action ‘* Anticholinergic properties © Adverse effect Typical Anticholinergic effects © Drymouth + Constipation * Urinary Retention * Blurred vision ‘+ Increased heart rate ‘© Decreased sweating Celecoxib Fenoprofen © Aspirin © Ibuprofen ‘List of Medications with Anticholinergic Effects/Actions © Tiotropium+ Nifedipine © Indication + Preterm labor © Action ‘+ Inhibits the entry of calcium into myometrial cells (which can delay labor) © Adverse effects + Dizziness + Palpitation + Peripheral Edema + Sumatriptan (Imitrex) © Indication «Treatment of acute Migraines Cluster Headaches © Adverse effects * Blood pressure changes (typically going down) ‘*Tightness or Pressure in chest, throat, neck, and/or jaw "Chest pain/Coronary vasospasms + Slow or Difficult speech * Isosorbide mononitrate (type of Nitrate Medication) © Indication * Dilates/Widens blood vessels (which makes it easier for blood to flow through them + Prevents chest pain + Lowers Blood pressure © Nursing Consideration ‘+ Hold medication for patients with low blood pressure ‘+ Zolpidem (Sedative type of Medication) © Indication ‘Treatment of Insomnia © Nursing Consideration + This medication should only be used for a short period of timeAdverse effects "Confusion = Headache "Dry Mouth + Hypotension Mer enor stor son aur + Rationale: adverse effects associated with abrupt withdrawal of baclofen © Such as visual hallucinations, paranoid ideations, and seizures © Dantrolene (Dantrium) — Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants © Indication + Treatment of Spasticity directly affecting peripheral muscle contraction + Diltiazem - calcium Channel Blocker Indication "Treatment of Prinzmetal angina + Treatment of Chronic Chest Pain "Treatment of HTN Nursing Consideration * Check heart rate before giving this medication + \VERSBSM (Antihypertensive and Calcium Channel Blocker) Indication * Treatment of High Blood Pressure + Treatment of Severe Chest Pain (angina) Adverse effects "Constipation (most commonly reported adverse effect) © Nursing Considerations * Change position slowly‘* Clozapine (prototype) - Atypical Antipsychotics © Indication = First line treatment for Schizophrenia © Adverse Effeets + Agranulocytosis (depletion of WBCs) © Nursing Consideration = Doesn’t cause as much adverse effects as Typical Antipsychotics Patients taking Clozapine experience little to no Extrapyramidal side effects Administer with food or milk to decrease GI Irritation © In ~ Typical Antipsychotics tion = Treatment of Schizophrenia © Adverse Verse + Akathisia (A feeling of muscle quivering, restlessness, an sit still © Nursing Consideration + Administer with food or milk to decrease GI Irritation + Allopurinol ‘Treatment of Gout by reducing urate/uric acid formation Indication © Action = Works in the upper levels of the CNS to interfere with the reflexes causing muscle spasm = Decrease in flexor and extensor spasticityDMARD Medications (EOS, SHS) © Methotrexate (DMARD medication) © Indication = Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressive drug used to treat cancer of the blood, bone, lung, breast, head, and neck * Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis © Nursing Consideration * Methotrexate used alongside with NSAIDs helps to delay the progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and to delay join damage * Start within 3 months of a Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis to prevent or delay joint degeneration + Sulfasalazine (OMARD Sulfasalazine) © Adverse Effects + Jaundice (Yellow discoloration of the skin) + Yellow/Orange discoloration of the urine + Bone marrow suppression (which can lead to agranulocytosis, Hemolytic anemia, and macrocytic anemia ° “" Consideration © Indication = Treatment of TB © Nursing Consideration «Educate client that permanent staining of contact lenses can occur + Educate client that dark color urine is indicative of hepatoto + The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for changes in© Adverse Effects of Selegiline = Dry Mouth = Dizziness Indication ‘Treatment of Depression, OCD, and Bulimia ‘Treatment of Premenstrual Disorder (by decreasing psychological symptoms of ten: ability, and dysphoria in women. © Adverse effect Sexual Dysfunction © Nursing Considerations ‘Using this drug to treat Premenstrual Disorder will improve manifestations quickly = When on this drug, take acetaminophen for headaches instead of NSAIDs to prevent further suppression of platelet aggregation ‘Rationale: Meaning there's an increased risk for bleeding when Fluoxetine is given concurrently with NSAIDs and anticoagulants © Indication + Treatment of Depression © Adverse effects * Urinary Retention (Anticholinergic effect caused by Amitriptyline) = Constipation Decrease in Libido © Nursing Consideration + ECG (Electrocardiogram) should be performed prior to starting this vt to obtain a baseline for the a cardiovascular status* Bethanechol ©. Indication = Treatment of Urinary Retention © Nursing Consideration * Therapeutic effect of drug noted when client states they are able to urinate more freely + Nitroglycerin (cardiac related drug) © Indication "Patients with Unstable Angina © Indication = Generalized Rheumatoid Arthritis © Adverse Effect + Osteoporosis = Adrenal ee ©. Indication = Treat Hyperthyroidism © Nursing Consideration = Laboratory test need to be done to check liver function * Rationale: This drug is Hepatotoxic and can cause severe liver injury * Metoprolol (Beta-blocker drug) © Nursing Consideration * This drug can mask hypoglycemia for patients with hypertension and type 1 diabetes. Antidepressant Class of Medication (Selegiline, Fluoxetine, Amitriptyline) © Indication "Used to treat Parkinson's Disease and Major Depressive Disorder© MAO! Drug Class — NMI: Antidepressant drug co Adverse effects = Orthost: Hypotension (all MAOIs cause orthostatic hypotension) © Nursing Consideration of Phenelzine = Know about foods that interact with MAOI drug class '* Cured meats (Smoked Salmon, Pepperoni, Salami, ete.) ‘+ Most Cheese (except cottage cheese and cream cheese) '* Avoid Avocados (contains tyramine) * Beef Steak and other meats that are fresh do not interact with Phenelzine and are safe to consume + Antacids Class of Drugs © Nursing Consideration * Take antacids 1 hour apart from other medications ‘+ What is Saw Palmetto? © A supplement used primarily for manifestations related to prostatic conditions such as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) © A supplement used to promote Urinary Health ‘+ Clopidogrel ~ Plavix (Brand Name): Antithrombotic/Antiplatelet Medication © Adverse effect = Bleeding (caused by the thinner blood effect of the drug) © Action = Decrease platelet aggreg = May delay the mental deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease if taken in the early stages © Nursing Consideration = Increases the client’s risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin © Had a drug-to-drug interaction with Warfarin ‘+ Linezolid (Antibiotic Drug) © Nursing Consideration = Rare reaction where some clients develop irreversible peripheral neuropathy and reversible optic neuropathy This is a reportable finding and client should be switched to another antibiotic© Adverse Effects of Raloxifene + Sudden onset of dyspnea = Increase risk for DVT * Increase risk for Pulmonary Embolism = Increase risk for Stroke © Contraindication + Deep-vein Thrombosis/History of DVT = Pulmonary Embolism Stroke + NSAID © Nursing Intervention (related to Chronic Gout) * NSAIDs used to reduce the intensity of chronic gout manifestation © Reduces Gout Flare-ups * Used for Acute Gout Attacks ‘+ Diltiazem (Antiarrhythmic agent) © Indication = Reduces the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation ¢ Etanercept (TNF Inhibitor) © Indication = Commonly used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis © Nursing Consideration = Risk for infections (such as Tuberculosis) * aca Bic as well © Indication + Used in treatment in patients with osteoporosis = Used in treatment of Paget’s disease © Action + Slow or Block bone resorption © Nursing Consideration = Alendronate sodium should be taken with at least 230 mL. (8 07) of water 30 minutes before ingesting foods (full cup of water) = Drug should be taken in an Upright position to decrease risk of esophagitis © Sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking this medCorticosteroids (which refers to both Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids) ‘© Glucocorticoids + Fludrocortisone co Adverse effect + Small stature for age ° “ Consideration ‘+ Hludrocortisone © Adverse effect = Hypokalemia (due to excess sodium and water retention which results in the loss of excessive amounts of potassium) ‘© Tamoxifen (Estrogen receptor blocking drug); Antineoplastic Medication © Indication = Treatment of Breast Cancer (in both females and males) © Action = Compete with Estradiol for binding to estrogen in tissues containing high concentrations of receptors © Adverse effect = Hot flashes Adverse Effects * Thromboembolism (considered the greatest risk to clients on Tamoxifen) ° Nursing Considerations for Tamoxifen = Monitor patient for manifestations of Thromboembolism (such as leg tenderness, redness, swelling, and shortness of breath) * Monitor Calcium Levels © Rationale: Drug may increase calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels ‘+ Raloxifene (Seen a Few times throughout studying) © Indication = Osteoporosis (ex. Preserves bone mineral density; prevent and treat postmenopausal * Myocardial Infarction (Lowers LDL Cholesterol which lowers risk of Myocardial infarction in women who have MI risk factors‘+ Fentanyl Transdermal Patch © Nursing Consideration = Instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while using the fentanyl transdermal patch ‘© Rationale: Grapefruit juice can increase the absorption of the medication (thus increasing the amount of fentanyl in the client's blood © Indications = Used to help treat Schizophrenia = Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome = Seizures * Anticholinergic Effects + Orthostatic Hypotension = Sedation = Agranulocytosis = Severe Dysrhythmias * Liver Impairment = Sexual Dysfunction = Extrapyramidal side effects * Acute Dystonia Akathisia Tardive Dyskinesia Parkinsonism adverse effects © Bradykinesia © Rigidity Shuffling gait Drooling ‘Tremors Palpitations Tachycardia Urinary Retention © Mask-like facial expression © Involuntary movements 00000 (such as ) have similar Adverse effects as Guch 2s SRT) Atypical Antipsychotic drugs have fewer adverse effects compared to Antipsychotic First-Generation drugs.Neostigmine Indication Used to treat Myasthenia Gravis Adverse effects Miosis = pupillary constriction (common adverse effect of Neostigmine) cation Rationale: measured before and periodically afterwards unt the effect on Triglycerides has been evaluated Eine ic eo ‘Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease Indication Antidote used to reverse Benzodiazepines (such as Diazepam) Used for Diazepam Toxicity management Cyclobenzaprine (what is this Nursing Intervention Educate patient to taper off the medication before discontinuing it Chlordiazepoxide Indication For patients experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal Action Fentanyl Indication Used to treat breakthrough pain Prevent delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal Breakthrough pain = A sudden increase in pain that may occur in patients who already have chronic pain from cancer, arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other conditions. Breakthrough pain usually lasts for a short time.Nursing consideration for Lithium * Avoid activities that could cause sodium/water depletion + Avoid salty foods * Avoid alcoholic beverages SS nc © Beta-Adrenergic Blockers ~ Metoprolol / Propranolol ‘© Indication + Treatment of stable angina, Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Preventing repeat Myocardial infarction © Contraindication / Caution = Patients with Asthma * Patients with COPD © Nursing Consideration * Assess patient’s blood pressure and heart rate before giving medication * Hold medication for low blood pressure and low heart rate © Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate o Adverse Effect * Constipation © Nursing Consideration + Monitor the client for constipation (report this to the provider considering this could lead to fecal impaction) © Osmotic Diuretics ~ Mannitol (Osmitrol) © Indication * Increased cranial pressure or acute renal failure due to shock, drug overdose, or trauma © Adverse Effects + Bibasilar Crackles (bubbling or crackling sound at the base of the lungs Used for treatment of + Meaning this drug is used to treat Aene © Contraindication + Vitamin A (Potential to increase toxicity)© Filgrastim © Indication + Stimulates the bone marrow to produce neutrophils + Forclients receiving Chemotherapy © Nurs Intervention aoe © Indication = Acute CHF Acute pulmonary edema = Edema associated with CHE Edema associated with renal or liver disease = Hypertension © Decrease fluid = decreased volume © Decrease volume = decreased pressure indicates effectiveness of the drug © Adverse Effects of Furosemide + Hypokalemia = Alkalosis + Hypotension * Dizziness/Vertigo * Ototoxicity/hearing loss © Nursing Intervention of Furosemide + Reviewing ECG/Indication of Hypokalemia ~ Presence of U-Waves = manifestation of Hypokalemia co Dn = Interaction © Adverse Effects for Lithium: * Fine Hand Tremors (which can interfere with performing ADLs) = Risk for Seizure and Arrhythmias © Drug-to-drug interactions / Contraindications = Diuretics = Alcohol = NSAIDs= Manifestation of NMS Fever Respiratory Distress Diaphoresis Hypertension Hypotension co Nursing Intervention = Report fever to Physician due to it being indicative of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) ‘+ Heparin Therapy © Adverse Effects = Blood in the Urine * Docusate Sodium © Indication = Stool softener that promotes easier evacuation of Stool ‘* Beclomethasone (Oral Inhal: © Nursing Intervention = Rinse mouth after inhaling the Beclomethasone ion) + Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen © Adverse effects "= Decrease respirations (drug causes respiratory depression) © Nursing Intervention = Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen tablets can be crushed (if needed) = Drug should be taken with food or milk to decrease gastric irritation © Indication = Anticholinergic Agent used to reverse cholinergic toxicity Se © Nursing Intervention = Using Atropine to reverse the effects of cholinergic crisis caused by excess amount of cholinesterase inhibitor from a person with Myasthenia Gravis© Captopril (ACE Inhibitor Class) — Drug used to control blood pressure © Adverse Effect (MUST KNOW), Chest pain, heart failure, = Hyperkalemia, Arrhythmias = Neutropenia (serious adverse effect deriving from a SOFetHFOAE) © Nursing Intervention = Educate sina to sa pa if ey de sie = + Atenolol © Adverse Effect + Hypotension © Nursing Intervention = Assess/obtain patient's blood pressure ‘+ Metoclopramide © Indication = Type of Gastrointestinal Stimulants = These drugs stimulate parasympathetic activity or make the GI tissues more sensitive to parasympathetic activity © Action * Reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and promoting gastric emptying © Adverse Effects © Dizziness © Fatigue * Sedation © Contraindication = Intestinal obstruction ‘+ Haloperidol (Antipsychotic) © Indication "Treatment of Schizophrenia © Complication of Haloperidol = Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) ‘© Acute life-threatening EmergencyParanoia Heart Attack Delusions Stroke Kidney Failure 2000 + Simvastatin © Adverse effects = Muscle Injury (which can progress to myositis) © Nursing Consideration * Client should report any unusual onset of muscle pain or tenderness to the provider immediately tion of Bronchodilator + Quick relief of symptoms during asthma attack + Prevent asthma symptoms before exercise = Reverses Bronchospasms © Action of Bronchodilator = Binds to receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles ‘© Propylthiouracil (Anti-thyroid agent) © Treatment of patients with Hyperthyroidism © used for treatment of Graves’ Disease © Heparin (© understanding how and where Heparin is administered © RAG (H12-Antagonist) © Adverse effects * Confusion (most frequent CNS adverse effect) "Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, and Hallucinations (less frequent CNS adverse effects) © Nursing Int n Rationale: this drug can a dahseeet> NiRFOGFRRGHR CVTacrodantin) = Used to treat and prevent Urinary Treat Infections Regular Insulin used to Treat DKA + Netird Several upodhuraldon and administration of Levorhrasne Questions © Tinnitus = manifestation of Aspirii © Drugs Not compatible with St. John’s Wort * Anticonvulsants (such as Phenytoin and Valproic A * Barbiturates (such as Phenobarbital and Amobarbital) + CNS depressants commonly used for Anesthesia and ‘Treatment of Seizures = Antidepressants (S' MAOIs, ete.) * Allergy Drugs (Antihistamines) = Digoxin ‘+ Typical/Notable Adverse Effects for Steroid Medications Hyperglycemia Fluid retention Hypokalemia GI Irritatio Bleeding Tendencies Osteoporosis (which includes fractures as well) Adrenal Atrophy Musele Wasting Cushing’s Syndrome = Weight Gain Stretch Marks (Striae) ‘Thinning, fragile skin that bruise easily Slow wound healing irsutism (in women) Irregular Menstrual Periods (in women) Severe fatigue Muscle Weakness © Anger/Aggression Toxicity coo0000Pharm ATI Information: List of Drugs to review/study Note © Rationale: This will better help associate the drug to the potential adverse effect or therapeutic effect of the drug EVEN IF YOU NEVER SEEN THAT DRUG BEFORE ° oe © ACE Inhibitors «Ex. Captopril © ARBS Drug class © Ex, Losartan “Statin” © Cholesterol and Lipid-Lowering (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) Drug Class * Ex. Atorvastatin, Lovastatin © Beta-Blocker Class © Ex. Metoprolol, Atenolol, Propranolol ‘© Typically drugs with Anticholinergic effects (ex. Dry mouth, biurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention, etc.) ‘* Aminoglycosides class of Antibiotics * Ex. Gentamicin (Garamycin), Neomycin, Streptomycin ‘© Common Classes of Antiemetics ~ Serotonin Antagonists Ex. Ondansetron, Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Agents Ex. Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Tadalafil © “FI” the Penis a rn ‘Take on an empty stomach to improve absorption of medication + Used to treat TB = Possible for seizures to occur with this medication (notify provider immediately if noticed)> NiRFOGFRRGHR CVTacrodantin) = Used to treat and prevent Urinary Treat Infections Regular Insulin used to Treat DKA + Netird Several upodhuraldon and administration of Levorhrasne Questions © Tinnitus = manifestation of Aspirii © Drugs Not compatible with St. John’s Wort * Anticonvulsants (such as Phenytoin and Valproic A * Barbiturates (such as Phenobarbital and Amobarbital) + CNS depressants commonly used for Anesthesia and ‘Treatment of Seizures = Antidepressants (S' MAOIs, ete.) * Allergy Drugs (Antihistamines) = Digoxin ‘+ Typical/Notable Adverse Effects for Steroid Medications Hyperglycemia Fluid retention Hypokalemia GI Irritatio Bleeding Tendencies Osteoporosis (which includes fractures as well) Adrenal Atrophy Musele Wasting Cushing’s Syndrome = Weight Gain Stretch Marks (Striae) ‘Thinning, fragile skin that bruise easily Slow wound healing irsutism (in women) Irregular Menstrual Periods (in women) Severe fatigue Muscle Weakness © Anger/Aggression Toxicity coo0000Paranoia Heart Attack Delusions Stroke Kidney Failure 2000 + Simvastatin © Adverse effects = Muscle Injury (which can progress to myositis) © Nursing Consideration * Client should report any unusual onset of muscle pain or tenderness to the provider immediately tion of Bronchodilator + Quick relief of symptoms during asthma attack + Prevent asthma symptoms before exercise = Reverses Bronchospasms © Action of Bronchodilator = Binds to receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles ‘© Propylthiouracil (Anti-thyroid agent) © Treatment of patients with Hyperthyroidism © used for treatment of Graves’ Disease © Heparin (© understanding how and where Heparin is administered © RAG (H12-Antagonist) © Adverse effects * Confusion (most frequent CNS adverse effect) "Headache, Dizziness, Drowsiness, and Hallucinations (less frequent CNS adverse effects) © Nursing Int n Rationale: this drug can a dahseeet© Captopril (ACE Inhibitor Class) — Drug used to control blood pressure © Adverse Effect (MUST KNOW), Chest pain, heart failure, = Hyperkalemia, Arrhythmias = Neutropenia (serious adverse effect deriving from a SOFetHFOAE) © Nursing Intervention = Educate sina to sa pa if ey de sie = + Atenolol © Adverse Effect + Hypotension © Nursing Intervention = Assess/obtain patient's blood pressure ‘+ Metoclopramide © Indication = Type of Gastrointestinal Stimulants = These drugs stimulate parasympathetic activity or make the GI tissues more sensitive to parasympathetic activity © Action * Reduces nausea and vomiting by increasing gastric motility and promoting gastric emptying © Adverse Effects © Dizziness © Fatigue * Sedation © Contraindication = Intestinal obstruction ‘+ Haloperidol (Antipsychotic) © Indication "Treatment of Schizophrenia © Complication of Haloperidol = Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) ‘© Acute life-threatening Emergency= Manifestation of NMS Fever Respiratory Distress Diaphoresis Hypertension Hypotension co Nursing Intervention = Report fever to Physician due to it being indicative of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) ‘+ Heparin Therapy © Adverse Effects = Blood in the Urine * Docusate Sodium © Indication = Stool softener that promotes easier evacuation of Stool ‘* Beclomethasone (Oral Inhal: © Nursing Intervention = Rinse mouth after inhaling the Beclomethasone ion) + Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen © Adverse effects "= Decrease respirations (drug causes respiratory depression) © Nursing Intervention = Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen tablets can be crushed (if needed) = Drug should be taken with food or milk to decrease gastric irritation © Indication = Anticholinergic Agent used to reverse cholinergic toxicity Se © Nursing Intervention = Using Atropine to reverse the effects of cholinergic crisis caused by excess amount of cholinesterase inhibitor from a person with Myasthenia Gravis© Filgrastim ulates the bone marrow to produce neutrophils + Forclients receiving Chemotherapy ° Nani ion of saa indicates effectiveness of the drug Acute CHF + Acute pulmonary edema "Edema associated with CHE + Edema associated with renal or liver disease + Hypertension © Decrease fluid = decreased volume * Decrease volume = decreased pressure © Adverse Effects of Furosemide Hypokalemia Alkalosis Hypotension Dizziness/Vertigo Ototoxicity/hearing loss © Nursing Intervention of Furosemide = Reviewing ECG/Indication of Hypokalemia ~ Presence of U-Waves = manifestation of Hypokalemia = Interaction © Adverse Effects for Lithium * Fine Hand Tremors (which can interfere with performing ADLs) "Risk for Seizure and Arrhythmias © Drug-to-drug interactions / Contraindications © Diuretic * Caffeine = Alcohol = NSAIDsNursing consideration for Lithium * Avoid activities that could cause sodium/water depletion + Avoid salty foods * Avoid alcoholic beverages SS nc © Beta-Adrenergic Blockers ~ Metoprolol / Propranolol ‘© Indication + Treatment of stable angina, Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Preventing repeat Myocardial infarction © Contraindication / Caution = Patients with Asthma * Patients with COPD © Nursing Consideration * Assess patient’s blood pressure and heart rate before giving medication * Hold medication for low blood pressure and low heart rate © Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate o Adverse Effect * Constipation © Nursing Consideration + Monitor the client for constipation (report this to the provider considering this could lead to fecal impaction) © Osmotic Diuretics ~ Mannitol (Osmitrol) © Indication * Increased cranial pressure or acute renal failure due to shock, drug overdose, or trauma © Adverse Effects + Bibasilar Crackles (bubbling or crackling sound at the base of the lungs Used for treatment of + Meaning this drug is used to treat Aene © Contraindication + Vitamin A (Potential to increase toxicity)Neostigmine Indication Used to treat Myasthenia Gravis Adverse effects Miosis = pupillary constriction (common adverse effect of Neostigmine) cation Rationale: measured before and periodically afterwards unt the effect on Triglycerides has been evaluated Eine ic eo ‘Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease Indication Antidote used to reverse Benzodiazepines (such as Diazepam) Used for Diazepam Toxicity management Cyclobenzaprine (what is this Nursing Intervention Educate patient to taper off the medication before discontinuing it Chlordiazepoxide Indication For patients experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal Action Fentanyl Indication Used to treat breakthrough pain Prevent delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal Breakthrough pain = A sudden increase in pain that may occur in patients who already have chronic pain from cancer, arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other conditions. Breakthrough pain usually lasts for a short time.‘+ Fentanyl Transdermal Patch © Nursing Consideration = Instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while using the fentanyl transdermal patch ‘© Rationale: Grapefruit juice can increase the absorption of the medication (thus increasing the amount of fentanyl in the client's blood © Indications = Used to help treat Schizophrenia = Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome = Seizures * Anticholinergic Effects + Orthostatic Hypotension = Sedation = Agranulocytosis = Severe Dysrhythmias * Liver Impairment = Sexual Dysfunction = Extrapyramidal side effects * Acute Dystonia Akathisia Tardive Dyskinesia Parkinsonism adverse effects © Bradykinesia © Rigidity Shuffling gait Drooling ‘Tremors Palpitations Tachycardia Urinary Retention © Mask-like facial expression © Involuntary movements 00000 (such as ) have similar Adverse effects as Guch 2s SRT) Atypical Antipsychotic drugs have fewer adverse effects compared to Antipsychotic First-Generation drugs.Corticosteroids (which refers to both Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids) ‘© Glucocorticoids + Fludrocortisone co Adverse effect + Small stature for age ° “ Consideration ‘+ Hludrocortisone © Adverse effect = Hypokalemia (due to excess sodium and water retention which results in the loss of excessive amounts of potassium) ‘© Tamoxifen (Estrogen receptor blocking drug); Antineoplastic Medication © Indication = Treatment of Breast Cancer (in both females and males) © Action = Compete with Estradiol for binding to estrogen in tissues containing high concentrations of receptors © Adverse effect = Hot flashes Adverse Effects * Thromboembolism (considered the greatest risk to clients on Tamoxifen) ° Nursing Considerations for Tamoxifen = Monitor patient for manifestations of Thromboembolism (such as leg tenderness, redness, swelling, and shortness of breath) * Monitor Calcium Levels © Rationale: Drug may increase calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels ‘+ Raloxifene (Seen a Few times throughout studying) © Indication = Osteoporosis (ex. Preserves bone mineral density; prevent and treat postmenopausal * Myocardial Infarction (Lowers LDL Cholesterol which lowers risk of Myocardial infarction in women who have MI risk factors© Adverse Effects of Raloxifene = Sudden onset of dyspnea © Increase risk for DVT * Increase risk for Pulmonary Embolism Increase risk for Stroke © Contraindication = Deep-vein Thrombosis/History of DVT. + Pulmonary Embolism Stroke + NSAID © Nursing Intervention (related to Chronic Gout) «NSAIDs used to reduce the intensity of chronic gout manifestation = Reduces Gout Flare-ups = Used for Acute Gout Attacks ‘© Diltiazem (Antiarrhythmic agent) © Indication = Reduces the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation ‘+ Etanercept (TNF Inhibitor) © Indication = Commonly used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis © Nursing Consideration * Risk for infections (such as Tuberculosis) Used in treatment in patients with osteoporosis = Used in treatment of Paget's diseas: © Action + Slow or Block bone resorption © Nursing Consideration * Alendronate sodium should be taken with at least 230 mL (8 07) of water 30 minutes before ingesting foods (full cup of water) = Drug should be taken in an Upright position to decrease risk of esophagitis * Sitting upright for 30 minutes after taking this medication+ MAOI Drug Class — IIE: Antidepressant drug co Adverse effects * Orthostatic Hypoten: n (all MAOIs cause orthostatic hypotension) © Nursing Consideration of Phenelzine + Know about foods that interact with MAOI drug class ‘© Cured meats (Smoked Salmon, Pepperoni, Salami, etc.) '* Most Cheese (except cottage cheese and cream cheese) * Avoid Avocados (contains tyramine) * Beef Steak and other meats that are fresh do not interact with Phenelzine and are safe to consume ‘+ Antacids Class of Drugs © Nursing Consideration = Take antacids 1 hour apart from other medications ‘* What is Saw Palmetto? © A supplement used primarily for manifestations related to prostatic conditions such as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) © A supplement used to promote Urinary Health ‘+ Clopidogrel ~ Plavix (Brand Name): Antithrombotic/Antiplatelet Medication co Adverse effect = Bleeding (caused by the thinner blood effect of the drug) © Action "Decrease platelet aggregation "May delay the mental deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease if taken in the carly stages © Nursing Consideration = Increases the client's risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin © Had a drug-to-drug interaction with Warfarin ‘+ Linezolid (Antibiotic Drug) © Nursing Consideration = Rare reaction where some clients develop irreversible peripheral neuropathy and reversible optic neuropathy ‘© This is a reportable finding and client should be switched to another antibiotic* Bethanechol ©. Indication = Treatment of Urinary Retention © Nursing Consideration * Therapeutic effect of drug noted when client states they are able to urinate more freely + Nitroglycerin (cardiac related drug) © Indication "Patients with Unstable Angina © Indication = Generalized Rheumatoid Arthritis © Adverse Effect + Osteoporosis = Adrenal ee ©. Indication = Treat Hyperthyroidism © Nursing Consideration = Laboratory test need to be done to check liver function * Rationale: This drug is Hepatotoxic and can cause severe liver injury * Metoprolol (Beta-blocker drug) © Nursing Consideration * This drug can mask hypoglycemia for patients with hypertension and type 1 diabetes. Antidepressant Class of Medication (Selegiline, Fluoxetine, Amitriptyline) © Indication "Used to treat Parkinson's Disease and Major Depressive Disorder© Adverse Effects of Selegiline + Dry Mouth = Dizziness Indication * Treatment of Depression, OCD, and Bulimia = Treatment of Premenstrual Disorder (by decreasing psychological symptoms of tension, irritability, and dysphoria in women. © Adverse effect Sexual Dysfunction © Nursing Considerations + Using this drug to treat Premenstrual Disorder will improve manifestations quickly = When on this drug, take acetaminophen for headaches instead of NSAIDs to prevent further suppression of platelet aggregation © Rationale: Meaning there’s an increased risk for bleeding when Fluoxetine is given concurrently with NSAIDs and anticoagulants © Indication = Treatment of Depression © Adverse effects Urinary Retention (Anticholinergie effect caused by Amitriptyline) = Constipation Decrease in Libido © Nursing Consideration + ECG (Electrocardiogram) should be performed prior to starting this vn to obtain a baseline for the jent’s cardiovascular statusDMARD Medications (HOES, SSSA) * Methotrexate (DMARD medication) Indication Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressive drug used to treat cancer of the blood, bone, lung, breast, head, and neck + Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis © Nursing Consideration + Methotrexate used alongside with NSAIDs helps to delay the progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and to delay join damage + Start within 3 months of a Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis to prevent or delay joint degeneration © Sulfasalazine (OMARD Sulfasalazine) © Adverse Effects + Jaundice (Yellow discoloration of the skin) + Yellow/Orange discoloration of the urine + Bone marrow suppression (which can lead to agranulocytosis, Hemolytic anemia, and macrocytic anemia © Nur "Str am © Indication © Treatment of TB © Nursing Consideration ‘+ Educate client that permanent staining of contact lenses can occur + Educate client that dark color urine is indicative of hepatotoxicity + The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for changes in‘* Clozapine (prototype) - Atypical Antipsychotics © Indication = First line treatment for Schizophrenia Adverse Effects + Agranulocytosis (depletion of WBCs) ° Nursing Consideration = Doesn’t cause as much adverse effects as Typical Antipsychotics * Patients taking Clozapine experience little to no Extrapyramidal side effects + Administer with food or milk to decrease GI Irritation + HRIOPEHAE— Typical Antipsychotics © Indication + Treatment of Schizophrenia © Adverse Verse + Akathisia (A feeling of muscle quivering, restlessness, and inability t sit still) © Nursing Consideration + Administer with food or milk to decrease GI Irritation © Allopurinol © Indication * Treatment of Gout by reducing urate/uric acid formation ‘©. Indication © Action * Works in the upper levels of the CNS to interfere with the reflexes causing muscle spasm * Decrease in flexor and extensor spasticityAdverse effects * Confusion + Headache + Dry Mouth + Hypotension Mev enorstor son aur * Rationale: adverse effects associated with abrupt withdrawal of baclofen © Such as visual hallucinations, paranoid ideations, and seizures + Dantrolene (Dantrium) - Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Indication + Treatment of Spasticity directly affecting peripheral muscle contraction Calcium Channel Blocker Indication "Treatment of Prinzmetal angina "Treatment of Chronic Chest Pain "Treatment of HTN Nursing Consideration "Check heart rate before giving this medication + \VEPSBSM (Antihypertensive and Calcium Channel Blocker) Indication * Treatment of High Blood Pressure * Treatment of Severe Chest Pain (angina) © Adverse effects * Constipation (most commonly reported adverse effect) © Nursing Considerations "Change position slowly+ Nifedipine © Indication + Preterm labor © Action ‘+ Inhibits the entry of calcium into myometrial cells (which can delay labor) © Adverse effects + Dizziness + Palpitation + Peripheral Edema + Sumatriptan (Imitrex) © Indication «Treatment of acute Migraines Cluster Headaches © Adverse effects * Blood pressure changes (typically going down) ‘*Tightness or Pressure in chest, throat, neck, and/or jaw "Chest pain/Coronary vasospasms + Slow or Difficult speech * Isosorbide mononitrate (type of Nitrate Medication) © Indication * Dilates/Widens blood vessels (which makes it easier for blood to flow through them + Prevents chest pain + Lowers Blood pressure © Nursing Consideration ‘+ Hold medication for patients with low blood pressure ‘+ Zolpidem (Sedative type of Medication) © Indication ‘Treatment of Insomnia © Nursing Consideration + This medication should only be used for a short period of time© Omeprazole (PPIs) © Nursing Consideration = Clients who experience diarrhea while taking this drug should report this finding to the provider immediately (risk for infection with C-Diff + FRVBFORVERIGFOGUIRE (antimalarial drug) © Indication = Treatment and prevention of Malaria ‘= Treatment of Lupus ‘+ Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis vision recently © Caused by high doses of this drug + Hydroxyzine (Antihistamine type drug) Indication + Treatment of anxiety, nausea, vomiting, allergies Treatment of skin rashes, hives, and itching. > Action ‘* Anticholinergic properties © Adverse effect Typical Anticholinergic effects © Drymouth + Constipation * Urinary Retention * Blurred vision ‘+ Increased heart rate ‘© Decreased sweating Celecoxib Fenoprofen © Aspirin © Ibuprofen ‘List of Medications with Anticholinergic Effects/Actions © TiotropiumChlorpromazine © Amitriptyline woes {opioid medication) "For clients experiencing opioid withdrawal * Treatment of Opioid withdrawal manifestations © BQSRSRIBEBHBHE (strong opioid medication) = Used to treat moderate to severe pain © NBIBRBRE (Opioid antagonist) * Treatment of Opioid overdose * Can cause acute opioid withdrawal > MABERVIRSIEFERGHE (Opioid Antagonist) * Treatment of opioid-induced constipation (for clients who have not responded to other laxatives) = Opioid used to treat diarrhea * Decrease in the frequency of watery stools due to reduced motility of the intestinal lining oo BURGEBEBAB! (Partial Opioid Agonist) * Treatment of moderate to severe pain = Mast cell stal passageways " **Therapeutic effects can take up to several weeks to develop** = Can be taking along with Theophylline Albuterol Sulfate (beta2-agonist) = Used to treat acute bronchospasms + Canbe taking along with Theophylline Methylprednisolone (Oral Glucocorticoid) "Used for long-term treatment and management of asthitia * Also used in the treatment of * Grapefruit juice can increase zer that decrease inflammation of the airway and nasal__ eee "Decreases inflammation of the airways * Can be taking along with Theophylline Zafirlukast (Leukotriene receptor antagonist; Anti-inflammatory) . (Another Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist) . (Another Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist) + Treatment of Asthma and prevention of Asthma Attacks ees * Nursing Consideration * Monitor ALT lab levels (rationale: This drug can affect the liver; causing increased ALT levels) © Theophylline (Bronchodilator) + Treatment of Asthma and other lung problems (Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, COPD) = Not compatible with the following Asthma related drugs: Zafirlukast (BNE (Ant-inflammatory) = Action + Reduces the number of mast cells © Rationale: Limits the ability of allergens to trigger immune mediators that cause bronchospasm = Nursing consideration = Increase risk for asthma related death when treatment is used long- term munoglobulin E (IgE) molecules on + Alosetron (Diarrhea Medication) > Indication "Treatment of IBS = Treatment of severe diarrhea© Nursing Consideration * Contact provider immediately if experiencing constipation Drugs for Alcohol Use Disorder + Acamprosate + Naltrexone Disulfiram Chlordiazepoxide FERBURBIIE (Bronchodilator and Tocolytic) ©. Indication " Anti-contraction medication used to delay preterm labor Tachycardia (when maternal heart rate exceed 120/min, medication should be stopped) * Hypotension "Hyperglycemia ‘© Cosyntropin (man-made form of a hormone called ACTH) © Used to determine the presence of adrenal insufficiency + RRRBBREIRE (Anti-parkinsonism medication) © Indication -" eRe (pes efects that can occur when taking chlorpromazine medication) © Zidovudine (HIV antiviral drug) Indication * Treatment of HIV infection "Used during childbirth to keep mother from passing HIV to her baby © Adverse effects of Zidovudine "Bone marrow suppression* Hepatotoxic = Nephrotoxic © Nursing Consideration Take this drug at the times prescribed to prevent resistance development ns of Serotonin Syndrome © Changes in mental status © Tremors © Hyperreflexia © Acetazolamide (Diamox); Diur: ic type drug Indication * Commonly used before ophthalmic surgery to reduce intraocular pressure = Treatment of chror © Adverse effect = Paresthesia open-angle glaucoma ingling of fingers) * Methylphenidate © Controlled substance and stimulate used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy © Precaution "Avoid caffeine use when using this drug Anticonvulsant drugs ~ Lamotrigine, Sodium Valproate * Sodium Valproate (Anti-convulsant drug) Indication = Treatment of seizures = Treatment of Bipolar disorder © Nursing Consideration ‘Monitor for signs and symptoms of Hepato-Toxicity = Monitor liver function