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Indications: Asthma, COPD.
MOA: Binds to beta 2 receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation.
Side Effects: Chest pain, tachycardia , palpitations, tremors, anxiety.
PT:
• If using along with an inhaled glucocorticoid, use bronchodilator
first, wait 5 minutes, then use glucocorticoid. B before G.
• Short-acting beta2 adrenergic agonists (e.g., albuterol) are the
only treatment for acute asthma attacks ! Long-acting forms @
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(e.g., salmeterol) should be taken daily for control of asthma. 0
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• Aliskiren
Indications: Hypertension.
MOA: Inhibits renin, which prevents angiotensinogen from
being activated .
• Aliskiren kind of looks like Alice and Karen . Alice and
Karen gang up to stop Angie (i.e., angiotensinogen).
Side Effects: Hypotension, angioedema,, GI upset.
@ Fetal toxicity.
NC: Monitor BP.
41 • Diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, :·
• 11' chlordiazepoxide \ 1
Indications: Anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol
withdrawal, induction/maintenance of anesthesia.
MOA: Enhances GABA effect in the CNS.
Side Effects: Sedation , amnesia, respiratory depression .
Pam takes lorazepam for her anxiety. She doesn't drive her
9Y'W benz anymore because benzos cause sedation.
o Abuse , addiction , dependence, withdrawal (e.g., insomnia, @
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'{:jJ irritability, seizures). 0
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PT: Do not discontinue abruptly. <
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Indications: Adjunct to anesthesia in surgery or intubation
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procedures.
MOA: Blocks ACh at the neuromuscular junction, causing
skeletal muscle paralysis.
Side Effects: Respiratory arrest, apnea, malignant
hyperthermia (S/S: muscle rigidity, fever), muscle pain
following surgery.
@ Cardiac arrest, hyperkalemic rhabdomyolysis . @
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fl\ Treatment of malignant hyperthermia includes administering <
\V oxygen and dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant), as well as
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cooling measures.
Indications: Diabetes (type 1 and type 2).
Insulin Type Onset Peak Duration
RAPID-acting 5 - 15 min 30 min 3 - 5 hrs
Insulin lispro, insulin aspart
SHORT-acting 30 - 40 min 90 - 120 min 6 - 8 hrs
Regular insulin
INTERMEDIATE-acting 1 - 4 hrs 4 - 8 hrs 12 hrs
NPH
LONG-acting 1 - 2 hrs None 12 - 24 hrs ©
N
Insulin glargine, insulin detemir 0
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NC: Monitor for hypoglycemia (S/S: tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, (D
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headache, weakness). Only regular insulin may be given IV. C
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PT: Rotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy! z®
Indications: Duodenal and gastric ulcers , GERO ,
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
MOA: Blocks H2 receptors in the stomach, reducing
.._ gastric acid secretion .
-u- Ranitidine helps your stomach feel better when you dine.
Side Effects: Headache, GI upset.
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lrl Bethanechol fl
Indications: Non-obstructive urinary retention.
MOA: Stimulates cholinergic receptors, which causes contraction
..._ and emptying of the urinary bladder.
-u- Beth has a "shy" bladder and needs bethanechol to urinate.
Side Effects: Cholinergic symptoms (e.g., flushing, sweating,
urinary urgency, nausea, vomiting, hypotension) .
..._ Cholinergic symptoms cause SLUDGE: Salivation, Lacrimation
9JII' (i.e., excessive tear production), Urination, Defecation, GI upset, N
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PT: Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to minimize nausea/
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vomiting .
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Indications: Contraception, post-menopausal osteoporosis,
dysmenorrhea (combination estrogen/progesterone),
prostate cancer.
MOA: Binds to estrogen receptors to hot flashes and
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vaginal dryness. Inhibits bone resorption.
Contraindications: Smoking , hypertension , high risk for
embolic events, estrogen-dependent cancer.
@
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Side Effects: Embolic events (e.g., DVT, PE, Ml, stroke), 0
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hypertension, weight gain, edema, increased risk of some (1)
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Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, cancers , dissolution of
ectopic pregnancy.
:;. T-rex has rheumatoid arthritis in his tiny arms, so he has to take
methotrexate to decrease swelling and pain.
MOA: Inhibition of folic acid metabolism (causing death of rapidly
replicating cells), immunosuppression.
Side Effects: Infections , hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression ,
e GI upset, stomatitis.
Fetal death .
NC: Monitor liver function , CBC levels.
@
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0
N
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(D Bleeding precautions (card 24 ), infection precautions (card 25). -0
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Bacitracin:
Indications: Minor skin injuries (e.g., burns, cuts, scrapes).
MOA: Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis.
Side Effects: Allergic contact dermatitis.
PT: Clean affected area. Apply a small amount 1 - 3 times daily.
Mupirocin:
Indications: Skin infections (e.g., impetigo). @
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MOA: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. N
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Side Effects: Burning , stinging. C
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PT: Clean affected area. Apply a small amount 3 times daily. ;u
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