LESSON 1 lot of physical and mental work, resulting in fatigue.

Through recreation he can

INTRODUCTION TO RECREATION regain lost vigor or energy. Recreation is concerned with those activities
performed by an individual during leisure time or at hours, not at work. Hence
it is frequently referred to as a leisure-time activity. Recreation education is
In the modern world, a man is enjoying lot of luxuries provided by the
aimed at teaching people to utilize their free time/leisure time in a constructive
advance technological development on one hand and facing lot of physical,
manner. To achieve this aim and to have value as recreation, activities must be
mental, emotional, and social disturbances on the other hand. The advanced
suited to his physical, mental, emotional, and social needs. In other words, it
technological development has provided all kinds of comforts in all walks of
implies a careful selection of activities for the utility of free time in a healthy
life, maybe home or any other workplace, agriculture or industries.
way.
Consequently, it has reduced a lot of dependence on each other, caused social
problems, reduced physical work, caused physical problems, working on Definitions of Recreation
machines causes mental problems, and working in shifts allows family
1. Recreation involves activities that individuals participate in for leisure,
members like strangers, cause emotional problems. Collectively all these
relaxation, and pleasure. It encompasses a broad spectrum of interests,
factors affect family life, society and nation adversely in the long run. Further,
including sports, hobbies, outdoor pursuits, social gatherings, and
the technological advancements in all spheres of life have created a lot of
entertainment.
free/leisure time after the working hours, at the same time the advancement in
2. Refreshment through engaging in a pleasurable pastime or enjoyable
recreational gadgets like T.V., Mobile Phones, and Computer have made the
exercise.
child least interested in physical activity resulting in so many physical, mental,
3. Re-create: To revitalize or invigorate by immersing oneself in enjoyable
and emotional problems. To counteract both the aspects, i.e. the utility of free
surroundings.
time/leisure time in a constructive way and to make a child more physically
4. To rejuvenate following exhaustive work or stress, typically through a
active to allow his growth and development take place proportionately, active
change or diversion.
recreation activities, other than passive ones, are must. Recreation carries
5. A method of seeking diversion or amusement.
different meaning to different individuals, and it is applied to a great variety of
activities. Sometimes the term is applied to activities of young people and adults Recreation vs. Leisure
to differentiate those activities from the play of young children. Because of this
diversity in the use of the word, it is desirable to understand clearly in the The terms "recreation" and "leisure" are frequently used interchangeably,
beginning to avoid confusion. In common usage, however, recreation has a yet they carry separate meanings. Recognizing the distinction between these
more comprehensive meaning, and it is not restricted to any age group and concepts can aid people in making better choices regarding their leisure
activity. Recreation means regaining lost vigor and getting a sense of joy, activities, ultimately resulting in a more satisfying and well-rounded way of
refreshment and satisfaction. Recreation is life itself, without recreation life is life.
meaningless. The modern age is full of complexities, a man to survive must do

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 Recreation encompasses a variety of leisure activities aimed at providing 4. Social Recreation. Social gatherings, community events, parties, and
relaxation, pleasure, and rejuvenation, often involving engaging pastimes or cultural celebrations are forms of social recreation that enable people to
diversions to revitalize individuals after periods of exhaustive work or stress. connect with others, build relationships, and foster a sense of
On the other hand, Leisure are time pertain to the unstructured periods community.
individuals possess outside of their work, educational, or other responsibilities, 5. Entertainment Recreation. This type includes activities such as
often termed as "free time," allowing them to freely select activities they find watching movies, attending concerts or theater performances, playing
pleasurable or calming. Unlike recreation, leisure pursuits are not inherently video games, and visiting amusement parks. Entertainment recreation
focused on achieving specific goals and may entail passive engagements like offers opportunities for relaxation and enjoyment through various forms
reading, watching television, or merely resting. of media and live performances.
6. Aquatic Recreation. Aquatic recreation encompasses leisure activities
occurring either in or on water, ranging from swimming, snorkeling,
Types of Recreation
scuba diving, surfing, sailing, kayaking, and more. Apart from being
Recreation can be categorized into various types based on the nature of the enjoyable, these activities offer various health and wellness benefits.
activities involved: They can be enjoyed in natural settings like oceans, rivers, and lakes, as
well as in artificial environments such as swimming pools and water
1. Outdoor Recreation. This type includes pursuits like hiking, camping, parks.
fishing, skiing, and nature walks. Engaging in outdoor recreation 7. Aerial Recreation. Refers to any recreational activities that take place
enables individuals to commune with nature, partake in physical in the air. This can include a wide range of activities such as skydiving,
activity, and immerse themselves in the splendor of natural scenery. paragliding, hot air ballooning, hang gliding, and aerial tours. These
2. Indoor Recreation. This pertains to recreational activities conducted activities provide individuals with a unique perspective of the world
indoors, typically within enclosed areas like buildings or facilities. from above and often involve an element of thrill and adventure.
These activities are aimed at offering entertainment, relaxation, and
physical activity for individuals or groups, irrespective of outdoor
weather conditions. Indoor recreation spans a diverse array of activities,
including sports, games, arts and crafts, fitness classes, and social
gatherings.
3. Creative Recreation. Activities such as painting, writing, music, and
crafting are examples of creative pursuits within this classification.
Participating in creative recreation enables individuals to express
themselves artistically and achieve personal fulfillment through their
creative pursuits.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 LESSON 2 This theory emphasizes the idea that play allows individuals to
CLASSIFICATION, THEORIES, AND BENEFITS OF RECREATION reinterpret and recreate their experiences, enabling them to better
understand and cope with the complexities of the world around them.
3. The Anticipatory Theory- suggests that individuals engage in leisure
Classification of Recreation Based on Individuals Involvement
activities as a way to anticipate and prepare for future challenges, roles,
1. Spectator Type – people spend their time watching the event and derive and experiences. This theory emphasizes the idea that recreational
enjoyment from it. pursuits are not only enjoyable and leisurely but also serve a purpose in
2. Participant Type – people do not gain enjoyment merely by watching; helping individuals anticipate and rehearse various aspects of their lives
they do so by joining the activities. in a controlled and imaginative setting.
3. Active Type – people must function effectively in performing the 4. The Recapitulation Theory - also known as the Recapitulation
action. Hypothesis, suggests that during play, individuals reenact or recapitulate
4. Passive Type - people have no excessive movement in performing the evolutionary or developmental stages that their ancestors or they
task and action. themselves have experienced. This theory is based on the idea that play
5. Mental Type – the mind doing the actions with less physical task. behaviors observed in humans and animals mirror behaviors that were
6. Public Type – involves the public. adaptive and essential for survival in ancestral or earlier developmental
7. Private Type – confined to people working in a private company. stages.
8. Commercial Type – endorsing product which is open to everybody. 5. The Cathartic Theory - suggests that engaging in leisure activities
provides individuals with a cathartic release of emotions and tensions,
Theories of Recreation leading to emotional purification, relief, and psychological well-being.
This theory is rooted in the idea that play serves as a mechanism for
1. Surplus-Energy Theory – the Surplus-Energy Theory of Recreation, individuals to express and process their emotions in a safe and
proposed by Karl Groos in the late 19th century, suggests that controlled environment, leading to a sense of emotional balance and
recreational activities serve the purpose of allowing individuals to renewal.
expend excess energy that has not been utilized in the pursuit of survival
or work-related tasks. According to this theory, recreation is a way for
individuals to engage in activities that are not directly related to their
immediate survival needs but instead help them release surplus energy
and maintain physical and mental well-being.
2. The Re-creative Theory- also known as the Re-creational Theory,
posits that play serves as a means of recreating or reenacting real-life
experiences, events, or situations in a controlled and imaginative setting.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
Benefits of Recreation

In 1992, Parks and Recreation Ontario in partnership with Canadian

Parks and Recreation Association, produced the 8 Benefits of Recreation:

1. Essential to personal health.

2. Balanced human development.
3. Improve quality of life.
4. Reduces anti-social behavior.
5. Build strong families.
6. Essential to ecological survival.
7. Provides economic benefits; and
8. Reduces health and social costs.

LESSON 3 • Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES a platform or springboard, usually while performing acrobatics. Diving
is an internationally recognized sport that is part of the Olympic Games.
1. Aquatic Recreation In addition, unstructured and non-competitive diving is a recreational
pastime.
Aquatic Recreational Activities provide relaxation, enjoyment and
exercise. It plays a vital role in aquatic skill development, recreation, sport and
healthy active lifestyles in the community. Also, Aquatic facilities provide
employment opportunities for local people and are essential to the
social fabric of the community, particularly in rural and remote communities.

Examples of Aquatic Recreational Activities

• Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor

activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body
of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough
water. Dealing with risk is often a part of the experience.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 • Kayaking is a fun activity that involves moving through water in a
small water vessel with the aid of a double-bladed paddle. It allows the
boat driver to maneuver through waterways by sitting face-forward and
propelling ahead with alternating side-to-side paddle strokes.

2. Mountaineering

Mountaineering, the sport of attaining, or attempting to attain,

high points in mountainous regions, mainly for the pleasure of the
climb.

• Snorkeling is the practice of swimming face down on or through a body Examples Mountaineering Activities
of water while breathing the ambient air through a shaped tube called
a snorkel, usually with swimming goggles or a diving mask, and • Rock Climbing. Ascending rock formations using specialized climbing
swimsfins. In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn. The snorkel techniques and equipment.
may be an independent item or integrated with the mask.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 • High-altitude Climbing. Climbing peaks at extreme elevations, such
as the Himalayas or the Andes.

• Ice Climbing. Scaling frozen waterfalls, glaciers, or other icy

formations with ice axes and crampons.

• Expedition Climbing. Multi-day or multi-week climbs of challenging

peaks, often requiring logistical planning and support.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 3. Larong Pinoy or Traditional Filipino Games Mechanics of Patintero

Larong Lahi, also referred to as traditional Filipino games, This game involves two teams, with one team acting as
encompasses traditional games and sports enjoyed by both children and the “it” team and the other team as the “non-it” team. The
adults in the Philippines. These activities, inherited from past objective of the game is for the “non-it” team to cross the playing
generations, hold a significant place in Filipino culture, encouraging area without being tagged by members of the “it” team.
physical engagement, social bonding, and the safeguarding of cultural
heritage. Game Setup

Examples of Larong Lahi The playing area for patintero is typically divided into
several rectangular sections, with lines drawn on the ground to
1. Patintero. A traditional Filipino game that involves two teams trying to mark the boundaries. The game can be played on various
cross each other’s lines without being tagged by the opposing team. surfaces such as grass, sand, or concrete. The size of the playing
area may vary depending on the number of players and available
space, but it usually consists of several parallel lines that divide
the area into smaller sections.

Gameplay

The “it” team starts at one end of the playing area, while
the “non-it” team starts at the opposite end. The members of the
“it” team are positioned along the lines, and they must tag
members of the “non-it” team as they attempt to cross from one
end of the playing area to the other. The “non-it” team aims to
cross the entire playing area without being tagged.

The members of the “non-it” team must navigate through

the sections by stepping on the lines that divide them. They can
only stay in each section for a limited time before moving to the
next one. If a player is tagged by a member of the “it” team, they
switch roles, and the game continues.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 Winning
Mechanics of Luksong Baka
The game continues until all members of the “non-it”
team have been tagged or until a predetermined time limit is Luksong baka, also known as “leapfrog” in English, is a
reached. If any member of the “non-it” team successfully crosses traditional Filipino game that is popular among children. The
to the other side without being tagged, their team wins. mechanics of luksong baka are relatively simple, yet the game
requires agility, coordination, and timing. The game is typically
Safety Considerations played outdoors and involves a group of players.

As with any physical activity, safety should be a priority

when playing patintero. Players should be mindful of their Objective of the Game
surroundings and avoid collisions with other players. It’s
important to play on a safe surface to prevent injuries from falls. The objective of luksong baka is for one player to leap
over the “baka” or “cow” (another player who crouches) without
2. Luksong Baka. Luksong Baka is a traditional Filipino game that touching or knocking down the baka. The game progresses as
originated from Bulacan, it involves the players jumping over the person the height of the baka increases with each successful leap. The
called the “Baka”. player who successfully clears the highest level of leaping
without touching the baka wins the game.

Gameplay

The game begins with two individuals acting as bases or

“posts” by facing each other and holding each other’s hands to
form an arch. The rest of the players take turns leaping over the
“baka” without touching it. As the game progresses, the height
of the baka increases, making it more challenging for the leaping
player to clear without making contact.

Rules and Techniques

There are specific rules and techniques involved in

playing luksong baka. Players must time their jumps accurately
to clear the baka without making contact. Additionally, proper

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 coordination between the leaping player and the baka is crucial played outdoors and involves two teams competing against each
to ensure a smooth and safe gameplay experience. Players must other. The objective of the game is for one team to capture as
also adhere to fair play and sportsmanship throughout the game. many players from the opposing team as possible without being
tagged themselves.
3. Agawan Base. Agawan Base is a Filipino term that translates to
“grabbing base” in English. It refers to a situation where two or more Game Setup and Equipment
individuals or groups are vying for control or possession of something,
often in a competitive or aggressive manner. The term is commonly used Agawan base requires minimal equipment and can be
in the context of disputes over territory, resources, or opportunities. played in an open space such as a field or playground. The game
typically requires a soft playing surface to minimize the risk of
injuries. No specific equipment is needed, as the game primarily
relies on the players’ physical abilities.

Number of Players

The game can accommodate a varying number of

players, but it is commonly played with at least six participants
divided into two teams. However, larger groups can also play by
increasing the number of players on each team.

Game Rules

The mechanics of agawan base involve several rules that

govern the gameplay:

1. Team Formation. The players are divided into two

teams, with each team designating a home base where
Mechanics of Agawan Base their captured teammates will be detained.

Agawan base, also known as “agawang base,” is a 2. Capturing Opponents. Players from one team attempt
traditional Filipino game that is popular among children. The to tag members of the opposing team. Once tagged, the
mechanics of agawan base are relatively simple, yet the game captured player must go to the opposing team’s home
requires agility, strategy, and teamwork. The game is typically base and stay there until he is freed by a teammate.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 3. Rescuing Teammates. Players from the opposing team
can attempt to rescue their captured teammates by Mechanics of Tumbang Priso
touching them without being tagged by the guarding
team. Tumbang Priso is a traditional Filipino game that
involves physical agility, coordination, and strategy. The
4. Winning the Game. The game continues until all mechanics of Tumbang Priso are relatively simple but require
members of one team are captured, or a predetermined skill and precision to succeed. The game is typically played
time limit is reached. The winning team is the one with outdoors and is popular among children and adults alike.
the most uncaptured players at the end of the game.
Objective of the Game
4. Tumbang Preso. In this game, players attempt to knock down a can
while avoiding being tagged by the “it” player guarding the can. The objective of Tumbang Priso is to knock down a stack
of cans or bottles by throwing a slipper or small object at them.
The players take turns attempting to knock down the target, and
the game continues until all the cans or bottles have been
knocked over.

Setup

To set up for a game of Tumbang Priso, a pyramid-

shaped stack of cans or bottles is arranged in a specific
formation. The number of cans or bottles used can vary, but they
are typically stacked in three or four layers to form a pyramid.
The stack is placed on a flat surface, and a line is drawn several
feet away to mark the throwing distance for the players.

Gameplay

The players take turns standing behind the designated

line and throwing a slipper or small object at the stack of cans or
bottles. The objective is to knock down as many cans or bottles
as possible with one throw. If the player successfully knocks

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 down some of the cans or bottles, they get another turn to throw
from where their slipper landed. This continues until all the cans Equipment Used in Sipa
or bottles have been knocked over.
The primary equipment used in sipa is the rattan ball,
5. Sipa. A game that involves kicking a rattan ball using one’s foot or knee which is typically handwoven from rattan strips. The ball is
while trying to keep it off the ground. lightweight and durable, allowing players to perform various
tricks and maneuvers during the game. Additionally, players
wear specialized shoes with a hard sole to kick the ball
effectively. The shoes provide traction and protection for the
players’ feet as they engage in dynamic movements on the court.

Rules of the Game

Sipa follows specific rules that govern gameplay and

ensure fair competition. The game is typically played on a court
similar to a badminton court, with a net dividing the two teams.
Each team consists of three players who aim to score points by
hitting the ball over the net and into the opposing team’s court
without using their hands. Players are allowed to use any part of
their body except their hands and arms to keep the ball in play.
Additionally, there are rules regarding serving, scoring, and
rotational play within the team.

Techniques Employed by Players

Mechanics of Sipa
Players in sipa utilize a range of techniques to control
Sipa is a traditional Southeast Asian sport that is similar and manipulate the ball during gameplay. These techniques
to volleyball but uses a rattan ball and players are not allowed to include various types of kicks such as inside kicks, outside kicks,
use their hands. The mechanics of sipa involve various aspects knee kicks, and toe kicks. Players also employ acrobatic moves
such as the equipment used, the rules of the game, and the such as somersaults and aerial maneuvers to keep the ball in play
techniques employed by the players. and outmaneuver their opponents. Moreover, teamwork and
strategic positioning are essential elements of sipa, as players

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
 must coordinate their movements to effectively pass the ball and Elements of Games
score points.
• Conflict - To make a game engaging, there needs to be some form of
adversity that presents a hurdle for the player to surmount. This
LESSON 4 challenge could manifest as a physical barrier, a confrontation with
PLAY, GAMES, AND SPORTS another player, or a puzzle that demands solving. Game-based learning
can incorporate diverse types of conflict to enhance engagement.
Play - is unstructured activity. Children exhibit creativity when they • Strategy and chance - strategy-focused games give players control
participate in play. If you instruct a five-year-old boy to play, he will likely over decisions, impacting gameplay and goal achievement, while
engage in activities like running, jumping, skipping, and doing somersaults. He chance-driven games leave outcomes to luck. Effective learning in
might also pause to observe a bug or smell a flower. Similarly, if you give a serious games combines strategy and chance, presenting challenges
young girl a ball, she will likely kick it, throw it, roll it, and bounce it. Children based on luck and requiring strategic solutions, providing engaging and
possess an innate understanding of how to play; they do not require coaches, varied experiences for learners.
clinics, officials, scoreboards, or cheerleaders. Play represents the purest form • Aesthetics - experienced game developers generally concur that
of physical activity for children. aesthetics play a crucial role in attracting players, as visuals have the
ability to captivate and immerse them in the game world. Aesthetics
Elements of Play significantly contributes to the overall experience in video games, and
• Be fun and enjoyable in learning games.
• Have no set goal • Rewards - in the realm of learning games and gamification, rewards are
• Be spontaneous and voluntary prizes players earn during gameplay, often through achieving tasks or
• Involve active engagement milestones. A growing trend is to provide players with achievements,
• Involves an element of make-believe yet it's essential for game designers to use rewards strategically. One
effective approach is to incentivize completing necessary but less
Games - are activity with a minimal set of rules, equipment, and engaging tasks within the game. Additionally, rewarding performance
coaching. Games can either involve competition or cooperation, and the rather than just completion is crucial.
presence of a scoreboard is not necessary. For instance, young basketball
players could engage in a competitive game like "Horse," or they might Sports - are structured form of physical activity. Sports entail organized
collaborate to collectively make twenty free throws as a team. In game settings, physical activities involving teams, coaches, officials, and a scoring system.
it's possible to have multiple winners. They are pursued by amateurs for the sheer enjoyment of the activity.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
Characteristics of Sports
• Sports are primarily characterized by competition, whether against an
opponent or oneself, with the potential for a participant to be declared
the winner. Without competition, the activity simply qualifies as leisure.
• Alongside competition, sports involve physical exertion, ranging from
intense, as seen in marathon running, to moderate, as in golf. The key is
the utilization of some level of physical skill.
• Additionally, for an activity to be classified as a sport, it must be
organized. For instance, a lone runner completing a marathon is not
engaging in a sport but rather play or leisure. However, when multiple
runners gather at a specified time to compete in covering the distance
quickly, the event becomes a sport.

MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
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MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS
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MR. ALIBASHER H. ESMAIL, LPT

Faculty, MSU-MSHS