Gowtham SB
www.linkedin.com/in/sbgowtham/ Instagram - @dataengineeringtamil
🏠 Python OOP - Abstraction Guide
✅ What is Abstraction?
Abstraction means hiding the internal details and showing only the essential
features to the outside world.
It helps in:
● Hiding complex logic
● Exposing only required behavior
● Keeping your code clean and secure
🔑 Real-Life Analogy
Think of a TV remote:
● You press the "Power" or "Volume" button
● You don't know (or care) how the circuit inside works
You just use what is exposed, and the complexity is hidden.
That's abstraction.
🔧 Abstraction in Python
Python supports abstraction using the abc module (Abstract Base Classes).
● Use from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
● Create an abstract class by inheriting from ABC
● Use @abstractmethod to define methods without implementation
● You cannot create objects of an abstract class directly
Gowtham SB
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📘 Basic Syntax
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Vehicle(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def start_engine(self):
pass
class Car(Vehicle):
def start_engine(self):
print("Car engine started")
c = Car()
c.start_engine()
❌ This would raise an error:
v = Vehicle() # ❌ TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class
💼 Real-Life Project Analogy
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
# Architect defines the plan
class FeaturePlan(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def login(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def logout(self):
pass
# Developer implements it
class WebApp(FeaturePlan):
def login(self):
self.__encrypt() # internal logic hidden
print("WebApp Login Done ✅")
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def logout(self):
print("WebApp Logout Done ✅")
def __encrypt(self):
print("Encrypting user data...") # hidden from outside
# Usage
app = WebApp()
app.login()
app.logout()
🧠 How Is This Secure?
● The abstract class exposes only required methods (login, logout)
● The actual logic like __encrypt() is hidden inside the implementation
● You enforce structure + security + modularity
✨ Abstract Method with Implementation
Yes, abstract methods can have a default implementation, but:
Subclasses must still override them.
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Demo(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def greet(self):
print("Hello from abstract method!")
class SubClass(Demo):
def greet(self):
super().greet()
print("Hello from subclass")
SubClass().greet()
Gowtham SB
www.linkedin.com/in/sbgowtham/ Instagram - @dataengineeringtamil
🏆 Benefits of Abstraction
1. Security – Hide sensitive data and internal logic
2. Simplicity – Only expose what is necessary
3. Flexibility – Easy to update internal code
4. Enforces structure – Forces child classes to implement required methods
❓ Common Interview Questions
1. What is abstraction?
2. How is abstraction achieved in Python?
3. What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?
4. Can you instantiate an abstract class?
5. What is the role of @abstractmethod?
6. Can an abstract class have normal methods?
7. Can abstract methods have code inside?
🧳 Resume Tip
Project Line Example:
"Applied OOP abstraction by designing an abstract base Payment interface and
implementing concrete classes for CreditCard, UPI, and Wallet payments in an
e-commerce system."
Gowtham SB
www.linkedin.com/in/sbgowtham/ Instagram - @dataengineeringtamil
About the Author
Gowtham SB is a Data Engineering expert, educator, and content creator with a
passion for big data technologies, as well as cloud and Gen AI . With years of
experience in the field, he has worked extensively with cloud platforms, distributed
systems, and data pipelines, helping professionals and aspiring engineers master the
art of data engineering.
Beyond his technical expertise, Gowtham is a renowned mentor and speaker, sharing
his insights through engaging content on YouTube and LinkedIn. He has built one of
Gowtham SB
www.linkedin.com/in/sbgowtham/ Instagram - @dataengineeringtamil
the largest Tamil Data Engineering communities, guiding thousands of learners to
excel in their careers.
Through his deep industry knowledge and hands-on approach, Gowtham continues to
bridge the gap between learning and real-world implementation, empowering
individuals to build scalable, high-performance data solutions.
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