Eco Tourism
in
India
Introduction
▪ Tourism involving travel to areas of natural or ecological interest, for the purpose of
observing wildlife and learning about the environment.
▪ This is a conscientious form of tourism and tourism development
▪ It encourages going back to natural products in every aspect of life and helps preserve
nature. It is also the key to sustainable ecological development.
Principle of eco tourism
▪ Adopt low-impact wildlife tourism that protects ecological integrity of forest.
▪ Highlight the biodiversity richness, their values and their ecological services to people.
▪ Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.
▪ Facilitate the sustainability of ecotourism enterprises and activities.
▪ provide livelihood opportunities to local communities.
▪ Highlight the heritage value of India’s wilderness and protected areas.
Eco tourism segmentation
Botany
Wildlife Geography
Eco
Tourism
Eco tourism segmentation
Wildlife
▪ The exotic range of flora and fauna in India is the reason behind the successful growth
of Wildlife tourism in the country.
▪ There are about 400 plus wildlife sanctuaries and 99 national parks sprawling across
the country. These natural homes accommodate an estimate of over 350 species of
mammals, 2100 types of birds, 350 varieties of reptiles and countless insects.
Botany
▪ A botanical garden consists of plants, especially ferns, conifers and flowering plants.
▪ Plants are grown and displayed for the purposes of research and education.
▪ It also includes the observation of various forests. Huge mass of travellers come to
India for such studies.
Geography
• A great arc of mountains, consisting of the Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Aravali and Patkai
ranges define the northern Indian subcontinent.
• The Thar Desert is the world's seventh largest desert, It forms a significant portion of
western India.
Geography
• The Central Highlands consists of three main plateaus — the Malwa Plateau in the
west, the Deccan Plateau in the south and the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east.
• The Eastern Coastal Plain is a wide stretch of land lying between the Eastern Ghats
and the Bay of Bengal. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the
east.
Geography
• India's wetland ecosystem is widely distributed from the cold and arid located in the
Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, and those with the wet and humid climate of
peninsular India. Most of the wetlands are directly or indirectly linked to river
networks.
Geography
• All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds
1. The Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges
2. Vindhya and Satpura range in central India
3. Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India
Some statistics
▪ 8.8% annual growth in tourism demand
▪ 7.9% growth per annum in tourism-related GDP
▪ 10.5% annual growth in overseas visitors
▪ 7.5% increase per annum in capital Investment in tourism
▪ 5.1% annual growth in government expenditure on tourism
▪ India will be hosting 8.90 million tourists by 2020...
▪ Stats suggest that each year the revenue grow by 7.7%.
▪ UNWTO – estimating that ecotourism accounts for 10-15% of global tourism.
International Tourist Visits
%percentage share of Foreign Tourist Visits
25
20
15
10
5
0
Few Eco Places
Himalayas
▪ Location: Stretches from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh in the northeast
India.
▪ Weather: From freezing cold to desert hot.
▪ Indian States Covered: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttranchal, West
Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh.
Corbett National Park, Uttaranchal
The Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh
Coorg or Kodagu
• Location: Western Ghats, Karnataka, Southern India. Durbare elephant camp
• Weather: Coorg experiences moderate climate with
pleasant winters, warm summers and heavy
monsoon.
• Known as The Scotland of India . Its rich flora
and fauna has earned this place international
recognition.
Nagarhole National Park
Iruppu Falls Abby Falls
Indian Ecosystems and Resources
▪ Biosphere Reserves
▪ Mangroves
▪ Coral Reefs
▪ Deserts
▪ Mountains and Forests
▪ Flora and Fauna
▪ Seas, Lakes and Rivers
▪ Caves
Biosphere Reserves
▪ Nanda Devi National Park , Uttarakhand.
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
,Tamil Nadu
Sundarbans National Park ,West Bengal
Mangroves
Bhitarkanika and Mahanadi Delta ,Orissa
Pichavaram and Point Calimere
Tamil Nadu
Coringa, Godavari Delta ,Andhra Pradesh
The key players in the ecotourism
▪ The key players in the ecotourism business are governments at levels, the local
authorities, the developers and the operators, the visitors, and the local community.
▪ non-governmental organizations and scientific and research institutions also plays a
key role in the development of ecotourism.
▪ Some organizations are Asia Pacific Ecotourism Society, Discovery Mice, World
Tourism Organization, The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), Ecoindia etc.
Activities
▪ Bird watching
▪ Hiking
▪ Downhill skiing
▪ Camping
▪ Sight seeing
▪ Swimming in natural water
▪ Wildlife photography
▪ White river rafting
Strength
promotes conservation of
directs economic and other
natural assets and enhances
benefits to the local people
the cultural integrity
Strength
promotes the preservation Providing positive attitude
of wildlife and the natural and experience among the
habitats travellers
Weakness
conflicts between resource use for
local community is not involving into
eco-tourism and the livelihood of local
this tourism process
inhabitants
Weakness
It is not planned as a part of the overall
type and scale of eco-tourism
area development strategy, guided by
development is not compatible with
an integrated land-use plan avoiding
the environment
inter-sectoral conflicts
Opportunity
Rising number of tourist arrival in
Government has recently announced
India is indicator for growing eco
to built ecotourism centres
tourism.
Opportunity
sustainable tourism development as Promoting o wildlife sanctuaries and
a model for other destination National Parks on the global level we
development programs it can can attract more and more
generate more tourists. travellers.
Threat
It tends to conserve the environment
Competition for eco tourism income
at the expanse of the development
between the various groups leads to
prospects for the third world
social disharmony
communities
Threat
Increased use of resources by the
eco tourism projects itself are the
human population, even in the
biggest obstacle in the way of the
smallest sense cause problem to the
preservation of the environment.
environment
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