Personality

1. Personality generally refers to the physical or external appearance of an individual. For

example, when we find some one good looking, we often assume that the person has a
charming personality
2. Rather than looking at parts of the person, personality looks at some aggregate whole
that is greater than the sum of the parts. In psychological terms, personality refers to
our characteristic ways of responding to individuals and situations.

Types of personality

(1) Introvert:

i. An introvert limits his acquaintance to a few.

ii. Very conservative and suspicious of the motives of others.
iii. They are not social and prefer to remain in the background.
iv. Avoids embarrassment and public speaking.
v. They are very reserved, self cantered, introspective, absent minded
vi. Philosophers, poets and scientists are generally introvert.

(2) Extrovert:

i. They are socially adaptable and interested in people.

ii. They like to make friends.
iii. They are talkative and fond of talking.
iv. They are self-assertive and generally takes things lightly. They never feel embarrassed.
v. Reformers and social workers are generally extrovert.

(3) Ambivert:

i. Ambivert types are placed in between extrovert and introverts.

ii. Their behaviour is balanced.
iii. Most of us belong to ambivert types.

Factors affecting Personality

i. Heredity
ii. Family background
iii. Nature of people with whom we interact
 iv. Culture
v. Environment
vi. Situation

Type-A and Type-B personality

Type-A personality Type-B personality

i. Fast workers i. Relaxed
ii. Emphasize quantity over quality ii. Emphasis on quality
iii. Find hard to delegate responsibility iii. Easier to delegate responsibility
iv. See setbacks as challenges and races iv. See setbacks as obstacles to be
v. Hasty decisions overcome
vi. More stressed v. Calm and thoughtful
vi. Less stressed

Myers-Briggs Typology Indicator:

The Myers-Briggs system consists of four preference pairs that reflect different aspects of
personality opposite ways:

i. To direct and receive energy through Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I),

ii. To take in information with Sensing (S) or Intuition (N),
iii. To come to conclusions using Thinking (T) or Feeling (F),
iv. To approach the outside world through Judging (J) or Perceiving (P).

Most people find that one preference, in a preference pair, best describes their natural way of
doing things, where they feel the most comfortable being themselves, outside of any roles they
play in life. When the letters for each of these preferences are combined, 16 distinct
personality types form which consist of different characteristics unique to that type.

(i) ISTJ

Quiet, serious, earn success by being thorough and dependable. Practical, matter-of-fact,
realistic, and responsible. Decide logically what should be done and work toward it steadily,
regardless of distractions. Take pleasure in making everything orderly and organized—their
work, their home, their life. Value traditions and loyalty.

(ii) ISFJ
Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. Committed and steady in meeting their
obligations. Thorough, painstaking, and accurate. Loyal, considerate, notice and remember
specifics about people who are important to them, concerned with how others feel. Strive to
create an orderly and harmonious environment at work and at home.

(iii) INFJ

Seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. Want to
understand what motivates people and are insightful about others. Conscientious and
committed to their firm values. Develop a clear vision about how best to serve the common
good. Organized and decisive in implementing their vision.

(iv) INTJ

Have original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals.
Quickly see patterns in external events and develop long-range explanatory perspectives. When
committed, organize a job and carry it through. Skeptical and independent, have high standards
of competence and performance—for themselves and others.

(v) ISTP

Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable
solutions. Analyze what makes things work and readily get through large amounts of data to
isolate the core of practical problems. Interested in cause and effect, organize facts using logical
principles, value efficiency.

(vi) ISFP

Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the present moment, what's going on around them.
Like to have their own space and to work within their own time frame. Loyal and committed
to their values and to people who are important to them. Dislike disagreements and conflicts;
don't force their opinions or values on others.

(vii) INFP

Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. Want to live a life that
is congruent with their values. Curious, quick to see possibilities, can be catalysts for
implementing ideas. Seek to understand people and to help them fulfill their potential.
Adaptable, flexible, and accepting unless a value is threatened.
(viii) INTP

Seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Theoretical and
abstract, interested more in ideas than in social interaction. Quiet, contained, flexible, and
adaptable. Have unusual ability to focus in depth to solve problems in their area of interest.
Skeptical, sometimes critical, always analytical.

(ix) ESTP

Flexible and tolerant, take a pragmatic approach focused on immediate results. Bored by
theories and conceptual explanations; want to act energetically to solve the problem. Focus on
the here and now, spontaneous, enjoy each moment they can be active with others. Enjoy
material comforts and style. Learn best through doing.

(x) ESFP

Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant lovers of life, people, and material comforts.
Enjoy working with others to make things happen. Bring common sense and a realistic
approach to their work and make work fun. Flexible and spontaneous, adapt readily to new
people and environments. Learn best by trying a new skill with other people.

(xi) ENFP

Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life as full of possibilities. Make connections
between events and information very quickly, and confidently proceed based on the patterns
they see. Want a lot of affirmation from others, and readily give appreciation and support.
Spontaneous and flexible, often rely on their ability to improvise and their verbal fluency.

(xii) ENTP

Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and outspoken. Resourceful in solving new and
challenging problems. Adept at generating conceptual possibilities and then analyzing them
strategically. Good at reading other people. Bored by routine, will seldom do the same thing
the same way, apt to turn to one new interest after another.

(xiii) ESTJ

Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive, quickly move to implement decisions. Organize

projects and people to get things done, focus on getting results in the most efficient way
possible. Take care of routine details. Have a clear set of logical standards, systematically
follow them and want others to also. Forceful in implementing their plans.

(xiv) ESFJ

Warm hearted, conscientious, and cooperative. Want harmony in their environment, work with
determination to establish it. Like to work with others to complete tasks accurately and on time.
Loyal, follow through even in small matters. Notice what others need in their day-to-day lives
and try to provide it. Want to be appreciated for who they are and for what they contribute.

(xv) ENFJ

Warm, empathetic, responsive, and responsible. Highly attuned to the emotions, needs, and
motivations of others. Find potential in everyone, want to help others fulfill their potential.
May act as catalysts for individual and group growth. Loyal, responsive to praise and criticism.
Sociable, facilitate others in a group, and provide inspiring leadership.

(xvi) ENTJ

Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and
policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organizational problems.
Enjoy long-term planning and goal setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding
their knowledge and passing it on to others. Forceful in presenting their ideas.

You can find your personality traits by clicking the following link

https://www.16personalities.com/free-personality-test

Locus of control:

Locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to how strongly people believe that they
have control over the situations and experiences that affect their lives. A person with an
internal locus of control believes that he or she influence events and their outcomes, while
someone external locus of control blames outside forces for everything.

Internal locus of control:

i. Are more likely to take responsibility for their actions.

ii. Work hard to achieve what they want
iii. Report being happier and more independent
 iv. Achieve greater success

Combination locus of control:

i. May have a hard time accepting responsibility

ii. May need a great deal of assurance
iii. More successful if projects are broken into steps
iv. Can be good collaborators

External locus of control:

i. Blame outside forces for their circumstances

ii. Don’t believe they can change their situation
iii. Feel helpless and powerless
iv. Credit luck or chance for success and failure.