100 LAMBS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Student: Teacher: Ms Parkavi
Class: Secondary 4 Business Subject: Travel and Tourism
Unit 3: Travel and Tourism Organization
3.2- Ways Travel and Tourism Organisations work together
National Tourism Board (NTO)
National government agencies responsible for promoting tourism to and
within a specific country.
Roles:
Marketing and Promotion promote their country as a tourist destination through various
channels:
advertising campaigns, online presence, and participation in
travel trade shows.
Product Development -They work on developing new tourism products and
experiences
-such as attractions, tours, and events, to attract visitors
Infrastructure Development be involved in the planning and development of tourism-related
infrastructure like:
- transportation, accommodations, and visitor information
centers.
Research They conduct research on tourism trends, visitor behavior, and
market analysis to inform their strategies.
Promote sustainable to minimize the negative impacts of tourism on the environment
tourism and local communities.
Interdependencies Interrelationships
Where two or more travel and tourism organisations When travel and tourism organisations choose to
rely on each other to provide products and services work together
Airlines and Tour Operators: Package Holidays:
Airlines rely on tour operators to sell seats Tour operators, airlines, hotels, and
on their flights, while tour operators rely attractions all work together to create a
on airlines to transport their customers. package holiday, offering a complete
travel experience to the customer.
Hotels and Tourist Attractions:
Hotels rely on attractions to draw tourists, and Destination Marketing:
attractions rely on hotels to provide Tourist boards, hotels, and local
accommodation for visitor businesses may collaborate to promote a
destination, attracting more visitors.
Positive Negative
- Faster - Expensive
- Long distance - Not sustainable as they
travelling pollute air
- Cheap short haul - Takes time
Rail Transport
Water Transport
Positive Negative
Slow Speed:
- Cost-Effective:
Water transport is generally much
Water transport is generally the most slower than other modes like air or
economical mode for transporting large road transport, making it unsuitable for
quantities of goods over long distances time-sensitive deliveries or perishable
due to the large carrying capacity of ships goods.
and barges.
Weather Dependency:
Environmentally Friendly:
Water transport is highly susceptible
Water transport tends to have a lower to weather conditions like storms,
carbon footprint compared to other modes strong winds, and high waves, which
like road or air transport, especially when can cause delays and even pose risks
considering the volume of goods moved. to the cargo.
Large Capacity: Limited Access:
Water vessels can carry massive Not all locations have access to
amounts of cargo, making it ideal for navigable waterways, making water
transporting bulky and heavy items. transport impractical or impossible for
Accessibility to Remote Areas: certain routes.
Water transport can provide access to Slower Transit Time:
remote regions or areas where other The time it takes to load and unload
modes of transport are not feasible or cargo at ports, combined with the
available. slower speed of vessels, can
Reduced Infrastructure Costs: significantly increase the overall
transit time.
Compared to building and maintaining
extensive road or rail networks, water Port Infrastructure:
transport relies on existing waterways,
reducing infrastructure costs. Water transport relies on well-
maintained port infrastructure, which
can be a limiting factor in some
regions.
Security Concerns:
Piracy and theft can be concerns in
certain sea routes, requiring additional
security measures.
Road Transport
Advantages:
Flexible
Roads can reach almost anywhere, including remote areas, making road
transport highly versatile. It offers door-to-door service and can adapt to various
schedules and routes.
Cost-Effectiveness for Shorter Distances:
For shorter distances, road transport is often the most economical option,
requiring less initial investment and lower operating costs.
Speed and Efficiency for Shorter Distances:
Road transport can be faster than other modes for shorter distances, especially
when considering loading/unloading times for other transport types.
Suitable for Perishable Goods:
Road transport is often preferred for delivering perishable goods due to its
speed and ability to provide direct routes.
Disadvantages:
Higher Accident Rates:
Road transport has a higher accident rate compared to other modes like rail
or sea.
Traffic Congestion and Delays:
Traffic jams, road closures, and other traffic-related issues can lead to
delays in delivery times.
Vulnerability to Weather Conditions:
Road transport is significantly affected by weather conditions like rain, snow,
or fog, which can cause delays and safety hazards.
Limited Load Capacity:
Road transport has a lower load capacity compared to rail or sea transport,
making it less suitable for large or heavy cargo.
Environmental Impact:
Road transport contributes to air and noise pollution, and the reliance on
fossil fuels can have a negative environmental impact.
Dependence on Infrastructure:
Road transport relies heavily on well-maintained road infrastructure, and
poor road conditions can lead to delays and increased maintenance cost
Factors that affect the appeal of different types of transport :
Cost:
Budget:
Students often have limited financial resources, making cost a major
factor. Public transportation, walking, or cycling are often more affordable than
owning and maintaining a car.
Time
Travel Time:
The time it takes to get to and from school, work, or other destinations is a crucial
factor. Students may choose the fastest option, even if it's more expensive.
Environmental Impact:
Sustainability:
Students concerned about the environment may choose more sustainable
options like cycling, walking, or public transport over private vehicles.
