Specialization
Technology and Livelihood
Education
Technical Drafting 9
Lesson: Prepare architectural job requirements
J.C. BONNIE A. ZAMORA
GRADE 9 & 10 T.L.E. TECHNICAL DRAFTING TEACHER
CP #: 0939 716 8428
FB Account/Name: Jeiz Christ Zmr
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Objectives:
At the end of this module you will be able to:
Prepare tools, materials, and equipment in technical drawing
Select drawing tools, materials, and equipment in accordance with the SOP
Assess architectural job requirements based on SOP
Interpret blueprint according to architectural layout drawing/job requirements following
SOP and work instructions
Topics:
Drafting tools, materials, and equipment
Architectural Working drawings
Reference: Drafting Architectural Layout and Details pages 2 - 30
Lesson: DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS (AL)
Let’s begin by defining the terms that you may encounter in drafting architectural layout
and details. What are the different terminologies that you may encounter in drafting architectural
layout and details?
Definition of Technical terms
Blueprint is a reproduced drawing of architectural plans and layout.
Ceiling is the overhead surface of a room or the material used to line the surface.
Code is a system of accepted laws and regulations that govern procedure or behavior in
particular circumstances or within a particular profession
Elevation drawing is the exterior and interior works of a building. It is a perpendicular or upright
projection from the floor plan to show vertical architectural or design details
Floor Plan is an orthographic projection of the floor of a building or a house.
Perspective is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is viewed.
Plan is a drawing or diagram on a horizontal plane of the layout or arrangement of something.
Revision is an act of changing or revising.
Roof Plan is a roofing plan presenting roof types used.
Scaling refers to enlarging or reducing the drawing using architect’s scale.
Sections are drawings of an object as though they were cut in order to expose the interior
construction.
Site is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a building is constructed. A
building sites maybe a single lot, a series of lots, or a subdivision. A lot is a piece of ground of
specific size. A subdivision is a large tract of land that is being developed.
Site development plan or Lot Plan refers to the position and the location of the building with
property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in
relation to the site.
Working drawing is a finished plan drawing containing complete information for the workmen.
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LO1.Plan and prepare for work
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and mechanical
drawings. As such, the learner must know how to plan and prepare carefully all drafting tools,
materials, and equipment needed for the required work or job.
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
A. Tools: B. Materials: C. Equipment:
1. Drawing pencil 1. T-square Parallel rule 1. Drawing board/table
2. Mechanical Pencil 2. Triangle Drawing paper 2. Drawing stool
3. Erasing shield 3. Tracing paper
4. Protractor 4. Masking tape
5. Triangular Scale 5. Eraser
6. French curve 6. Sandpaper Block
7. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener
8. Compass
9. Dusting brush
10. Technical Pen
11. Templates
12. Leroy lettering pen
13. Tape rule/Pull-push rule
Function of architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
Erasing shield it is thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines to protect
other drawing lines.
Sandpaper block It helps pencil lead into a conical shape points.
Protractor It is used in setting a line degree angle.
Pen knife it serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into desired points.
Triangles are instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
Divider is an instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
Tape rule/Pull-push rule is used for marking out distances, as well as, measuring purposes.
Templates is a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for drawing
images on plans.
Technical pen is a pen used for inking mechanical lines.
Protractor an instrument used for measuring degree angle.
Sharpener used to sharpen pencils into desired lead point.
Masking tape is used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
Compass is an instrument used to draw arcs and circles.
T-square it is used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide for triangles.
Tracing paper is a thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
Triangular scale an instrument used to reduce or enlarge measurement and distances and for
transferring measurement to the drawing paper.
Parallel rule is used in place of the standard drawing board and T-square.
AutoCAD computer is a high technology machine for drawing purposes.
Eraser it is used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines.
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ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the most
important parts of the documents constituting the contract. Information on the designs,
locations, and dimensions of the elements of a building is found on the architectural working
drawings while information on the quality of materials and workmanship is found in the
specifications. A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact information
he needs. It should be clear, simple, and orderly arranged, and accurately drawn so that scaled
measurements will match with dimensions.
Elements of Architectural working drawing
A complete architectural working drawing of a house generally includes the following:
1. Architectural sheets
a. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior perspective, site development plan or plot plan,
and vicinity map or location plan is often included in the plan).
PERSPECTIVE is the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the appearance of the finished
building. This drawing represents the actual form of the proposed building. (See perspective on
the next page).
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN is the outline and measurements of the proposed building and its
placement on the property. It shows the position and the location of the building with property
line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation to the
site. A site development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than 1:200meters. (See site
development plan on the next page.)
LOCATION PLAN is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built. It
shows the position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes
before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is usually located near the title
block. The main line symbol of the North sign is generally parallel to the side border line of the
drawing paper and points upward.
Sheet # 1
SAMPLE BLUEPRINT OF A ONE-STOREY HOUSE
Title Page and Index generally includes title block, table of contents, labels, and the name of
the duly licensed and registered Geodetic Engineer who approves the lot survey plans.
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Title Block in House Plan
The title block in house plans includes the following information:
1. Owner’s name
2. Location or address of the proposed house
3. Lot and block numbers
4. Signature of architect or civil engineer who approves theplan
5. Draftsman’s name or initials
6. Date when plan was drawn or completed
7. Scale as shown
(See title block in sheet #1)
b. Sheet # 2 – Floor plan, of a 2 Storey House. It includes the Ground
Floor Plan and Second Floor Plan) with complete Elevation.
FLOOR PLAN is the top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane line for this top
view passes between the upper and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of rooms,
doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
ELEVATION is the front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the house, height
dimension, materials finish and complete information on specification.
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Sheet # 3 - Sections, Roof Plan, and Reflected Ceiling Light
SECTION is the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross- section or
longitudinal section.
ROOF PLAN is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges,
valleys, hips, and openings.
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN is the complete plan design of house ceiling.
BALUSTER DETAIL is the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing.
d. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of Toilet and Bath
DOORS and WINDOWS SCHEDULE is a complete specification of doors and windows in
terms of width, height, types, materials and quantity.
KITCHEN DETAIL is a drawing of kitchen floor plan with complete specifications.
TOILET and BATH DETAIL is a drawing of toilet and the floor plan that shows complete
features of toilet and bath.
d. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of Toilet and Bath
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ARCHITECTURAL ABBREVIATIONS:
BALCONY – BALC CEILING LINE – CL METER – M
BATHROOM – B ELEVATION – ELEV. MILIMETER – MM
BEDROOM – BR SECTION – SEC. AT - @
MASTER BEDROOM - MBR FLOOR – FLR DOWN SPOUT –DS
LIVING ROOM – LR CONCRETEHOLLOW BLOCKS VERTICAL – VERT.
DINING ROOM – DR – CHB NOT TO SCALE – NTS
KITCHEN – K CORRUGATED – CORR FLOOR LINE – FL
LAVATORY – LAV CEMENT – CEM GROUND LINE – GL
TOILET & BATH – T & B BOTH WAYS – B.W. FINISH FLOOR LINE –
BUILDING – BLDG ON CENTER - OC FFL
BUILT-IN – BLT-IN DOWN – DN FINISH GROUND LINE-
CABINET – CAB FGL
Architectural Symbols
Familiarizing all the architectural symbols is a prerequisite for all students in architecture
and drafting technology programs considering that their future works will be on the architectural
activity. It would be difficult for them to interpret drawing or blueprint unless they have
familiarized all the architectural symbols.
The following illustrations are the architectural symbols:
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A. Doors and windows symbol that are shown in the floor plan.
B. Doors and windows symbols that used to represent doors on floor plans and
elevation drawings
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2. Structural Sheet
a. Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and Column/Footing/Beam
Schedules
FOUNDATION PLAN a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a building.
ROOF FRAMING PLAN a structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete specification.
TRUSS DETAIL a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building.
COLUMN/FOOTING/BEAM SCHEDULE a complete specification of column, footings, and
beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.
b. Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General Notes
FOOTINGS a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house. A detail
drawing of building footings with specific requirements.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and other
required structural features to present in the plan.
GENERAL NOTES a complete specification and legend of structural features presented in the
plan.
Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General Notes
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3. Plumbing Plan/Layout
a. Sheet # 7 - Water and Sewage System Plan
Plumbing Plan is the complete drawing detail of water and sewage distribution.
Water System Plan is the drawing of flow of water in the house from main water source.
Sewage System Plan is the drawing flow of sewage from the house to main canal and septic
tank.
Sheet # 8 - Storm Drainage System, and Septic Tank Detail
Storm Drainage System shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor drain, and
downspout from roof to storm drainage.
Septic Tank it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all washing done
in the kitchen and bathroom. The main section of septic tank is the digestive chamber and the
leaching well.
4. Electrical Plan
Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location plan, Panel board Detail,
Load Schedules and Specifications
Electrical Plan a plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification details of the
house.
Lighting layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings
Power & auxiliary layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of convenience outlet and other
auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
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Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location plan, Panel board Detail,
Load Schedules and Specifications
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:
ACU – AIR CONDITIONING UNIT
WEATHER PROOF OUTLET – OWP
M –METER -
M
CB – CIRCUIT BREAKER/ PANEL BOARD – PB -
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Activity 1. Title block
Direction: Create a title block. Get a pencil, sharpener, eraser, ruler, Gtech and a short bond
paper. See figure below and follow the measurement as shown in the figure.
NOTE: Use centimeter for all the measurements.
Activity 2: Drawing tools and instrument
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Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your answer on the answer sheet
provided.
______1. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
______2. An instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
______3. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for drawing images on
plans.
______4. Used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
______5. Most common grade of pencil used in architectural drawing.
______6. Used to draw arcs and circles.
______7. Used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide for triangles.
______8. A thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
______9. Instrument used to reduce or enlarge measurement and distances and for transferring
measurement to the drawing paper.
______10. Used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines.
______11. Instrument used for measuring degree angle.
______12. Used to sharpen pencils into desired lead point.
______13. A thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines to protect other
drawing lines.
______14. It helps pencil lead into a conical shape points.
______15. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
Activity 3: Architectural Abbreviations
Direction: Identify the following architectural abbreviations:
1. Elev.____________ 6. FLR. ____________
2. FFL. ____________ 7. GL. ____________
3. DN ____________ 8. NTS ____________
4. O.C ____________ 9. FL ____________
5. CHB ____________ 10. @ ____________
Activity 4: Architectural symbols
Direction: Identify the following architectural symbols:
1. 2. 3.
____________________ ___________________ ________________
4. 5. 6.
_____________________ ___________________ _________________
7. 8. 9.
_____________________ ___________________ __________________
10.
______________________
NAME:________________________________ DATE:____________
SUBJECT: TECHNICAL DRAFTING 9 (1st week) SCORE:__________
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Activity 2: Drawing tools and Instruments
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
10. __________________
Activity 3: Architectural Abbreviations
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
10. __________________
Activity 4: Architectural Symbols
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
10. __________________
_______________________
Parent/Guardian Signature
ACTIVITY 2. DRAWING ACTIVITY 3. ACTIVITY 4.
TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL
ABBREVIATIONS SYMBOLS
1. Triangle 14
2. Divider 1. Elevation 1. Interior door
3. Template 2. Finish Floor Line 2. Double door
4. Masking tape 3. Down 3. Accordion door
5. Medium 4. On center 4. Sliding door
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