International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 7(3), ISSN: 2394-9333
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Comparative Study of Warehouse Structure in P.E.B.
with C.S.B.
1
Bhupesh Kumar, 2Dr. Pankaj Singh and 3Ravindra Gautam,
1,
M.Tech. Scholar 2,HOD, 3Associate Professor
1,2
SRK University, Bhopal, India, 3KIET Group of Institutions Ghaziabad, India
Abstract: In present years, the concept of Pre-Engineered buildings the technology of creation has progressive since the
Building in creation format of structures has helped into established order from simple construction. India has emerged
optimizing a design. Steel industry sector is developing more as one of the key worldwide markets for pre-engineered
hastily in almost throughout elements of the world. In a hazard buildings steel structures. A plenty of growth has been given to
of global warming the usage of steel structures is not only do with the way how recognition towards steel buildings had
efficient but also sustainable at the time. In Pre-Engineered been changing to developed a country. Today‟s the scene is
Buildings (PEB) steel structures (Pre-fabricated) time is being such that PEB‟s are expected to about 25% to 30% of
the maximum significant aspect is built in very short duration marketplace share within the creation industry sector. The most
period. In any type of Industrial structures and Pre-Engineered recent improving technology was continuously increasing the
Buildings (PEB) Maximum Span, Column free suitable maximum clear-span competencies of steel structures. In India
structures are the most vital in fulfills this requirement at the the industry has fast development of steel building makes for
aspect of decreased time and price in comparison to exciting analyzing and it can have commenced all with the on
conventional structures. Here this is study is achieved by location fabrication model. With the opening up of the
planning 3D frame of an Industrial Warehouse constructing the economy during the 1990s but, such things started to change.
use of the thoughts and studying the frames using appropriate In the might of the PEB enterprise this became the cause for
assessment and design software after due validation. In this predominantly “manufacturing plant constructed” structures
research, an industrial structure warehouse is analyzed and and to achieve economy growth. In PEB technology steel is
designed according to the Indian standards (IS 800-2007) and one of the world‟s most reused material and toward the finish
additionally through referring American Standard (AISC of any steel product‟s life, practically 100% of it tends to be
LRFD). The various loads like dead, live, wind, seismic and reused without losing its engineering properties, preferred and
snow loads according as per IS codes are considered for the ecological construction methods. The tropical nation like in
present work for relative study of Pre-Engineered Buildings India to give great protection impact and would be highly
(PEB) and Conventional Steel Building (CSB). To compare the suitable for a PEB structures. PEBs is an ideal construction
consequences of the numerous parametric studies to perform sector for in remote & hilly areas. A recently survey through
the variations in terms of shear force, support reaction, weight the Metal Building Associations (MBMA) shows that nearby
correlation and cost evaluation. 50% to 60% of the non-residential near to the ground rises
constructing in USA are pre-engineered buildings. This
Keywords— Pre-Engineered Building, Conventional Steel
flexibility would seem to with ease provide itself to
Building, Ware House, Tapered Section, STAAD Pro V8i
optimization of member cross-section shapes. In Industrial
I. INTRODUCTION building systems, the partitions can be formed of steel columns
with cladding which may be of profiled or plain sheets,
India is the second fastest growing steel manufacturing Galvanized Iron sheets, roofing, precast concrete, or masonry
industries. In modern construction industries usage of steel work. The wall must be effectively in strong to resist the lateral
quantity is increased in India. Steel is highly ecofriendly and
pressure because of wind or seismic activity resistance. As the
globally used in the world. And steel manufactured products
PEBs offers fastest technique to construct the warehouses
are 100% of recyclable after usable in structure and the
structures as compared to conventional methods and its
advantage of high tensile strength and ductility of the steel
demand for a broad range activities of construction will growth
material. Steel is mostly used in construction of steel structures over the afterward four years. A growing range of
or industrial structures with large span. The construction of distinguished International contractors and designers, who
industrial building has discovered, invented and developed a
formerly certain conventional steel structural buildings
number of technologies, one of the concepts of pre-engineering
entirely, have recently converted to the PEB approach.
buildings. The pre-engineering building is designed by tapered
section with different plate sizes and often has with the flanges II. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
and web with variable thickness plate or sections based on the
Reinforced Cement Concrete Buildings:
internal and external stresses over the section. Pre engineering
building are delivered as complete or proper finished products Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which
to the site of construction period of structure and supplied by concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are
one week of structural framed materials as compared to counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement bars having
conventional steel building structure. Pre engineering building higher tensile strength and ductility to improve overall
has large openings of industrial structures as well as low dead performance of the concrete. From the earlier time, it has been
weight of structure. The conventional steel buildings are made considered as an economical construction material in one form
by hot rolled sections by heavyweight of material. or another. A large part of its worldwide appeal is due to
locally available materials i.e. cement, sand, aggregate, water,
Buildings & companies are one of the primeval creation
and reinforcing bars are widely available and that it is possible
activities of people. The present modern concept of house
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to construct a structure using local sources of labor and by the producer to be fabricated using a pre-determined
materials. inventory of raw materials and production techniques that may
be efficiently satisfy a wide variety of a structural and aesthetic
Steel Buildings
view of design requirements within a few geographic
Steel is one of the important building materials in construction manufacturing sectors these buildings are also called as Pre-
industry. It can be used in many ways for many purposes. Engineered Steel Buildings. Generally, a PEB is an inflexible
Different steel members are manufactured in the factories jointed plane frame from hot-rolled or cold-rolled sections,
based on their usage. Rolled steel sections are casted in helping the roofing and side cladding through hot-rolled or
continuous casting moulds without any joints and these cold-formed sections purlins and sheeting rails. Z and C-
sections are assembled together to get the desired steel shaped cold formed steel members may be used as secondary
structure. Steel building uses the concept of framing system structural elements to fasten and support to the outside
which consist combination of columns and inclined beams cladding. Steel building system usually a variety of wall
(rafter). A structure which is made from organized materials, the unique creations and still the maximum popular
combination of structural STEEL members designed to carry being steel siding, supported by means of „sidewall or end wall
loads and provide adequate rigidity. girts. In order to perfectly layout a pre-engineered building,
engineers consider the clear span among the bearing factors,
A. Concept of Conventional Steel Building bay spacing, roof slope, dead loads, superimposed loads,
Conventional steel buildings (CSB) are small rise steel collateral loads, wind uplift, deflection criteria, internal crane
buildings with a roofing structures of truss with roof coverings. system and maximum realistic size and weight of the
The criterion selection process of roof truss also includes the fabricated members. The use of an optimum least section leads
gradient of the roof, pitch of the roof, fabrication and transport to the equipped savings in steel and price reduction.
techniques, aesthetics, climatic conditions, etc. In a
Conventional steel building design uses selected hot rolled "T"
type steel sections that are regular in period but need to be
reduce, punched, and bolted on site. The necessity of materials
is delivered or produced in the plant and are placed to the site.
The need for further economy of creation region and the design
of the conventional industrial buildings is governed through
beneficial necessities. The Structural members are very hot
rolled and are utilized in conventional buildings. Steel roof
trusses are normally used for industrialbuildings, work shop
buildings, packaging areas, warehouses and even for
residential buildings, faculty buildings, places of work whereas
the construction work is to be completed in a short length of
time. In high winds the structural performance of these Figure 2: Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings
buildings is well agreed and for the maximum part, suitable
code provisions are presently in area to that that make certain
excellent behavior. In a roof truss the entire section of every
member is subjected to uniform stress and consequently the
strength of every member is wholly utilized. A roof truss is
essentially frame structure formed through connecting various
members at their ends to form a system of triangle, organized
in pre-determined pattern depending upon the distance, type of
loading and functional requirements.
Fig. 3: Pre-Engineered Warehouse Structure
OBJECTIVE
1) To design various system for Different types of
Loads (Dead, Live etc) and Evaluate the steel
consumption in both the system by IS 800:2007 and
AISC Code.
2) To model the Conventional Steel Building (CSB)
and Pre Engineering Building (PEB) for same span
Figure 1: Pre-Engineered Steel Buildings by using Stadd Pro software IS 800:2007 and AISC
B. Concept of Pre-Engineered Building Code.
3) To analyze the Conventional Steel Building (CSB)
Pre-Engineered steel structures are fabricated or created and Pre Engineering Building (PEB) for same loads
necessity in the plant itself. The production of structural by using Stadd Pro software IS 800:2007 and AISC
members is done on customer requirements. The buildings Code.
were pre-engineered due to the fact they actually depend on 4) Result comparison of PEB with CSB structure.
general engineering designs for the limited amount of
configurations. A pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed
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5) To study comparative costing of PEB with CSB Fig. 5: Elevation of Warehouse Structure
structure system IS 800:2007 and AISC Code.
LOADING CALCULATIONS
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Dead Load
In the research work, by using STAAD Pro V8i structural
Dead load calculation (IS 875-1987 Part-I):
software three dissimilar types of 3D steel buildings are
designed for static and vibrant forces. In this work, an Total load on purlin:
industrial warehouse structure of length 60m with bay spacing Weight of sheet = 0.058 kN/m2
at 6m along the length, 24m width and 8.402m eave height in Weight of fixing = 0.025 kN/m2
which 2.1 m from ground level is used for brick work and Weight of services = 0.1 kN/m2
remaining 6.3 m is used for cladding. The slope of roof is taken Spacing of Purlin = 1.523 m
as 9.91° for both Pre-Engineered Steel Building and Total weight on Purlin = 0.183 kN/m2
Conventional steel buildings and roofs are protected with GI Total weight on Purlin = weight (kN/m2) × spacing of Purlin
sheet. The spacing of the purlins is maintained as 1.5m and = 0.183 × 1.523
girts is maintained as 2.1m. Pinned type of support condition = 0.278 kN/m
can be used. The building layout plan of the proposed
industrial warehouse structure considered for the study is as Assume weight of purlin= 0.10 kN/m
shown below in figure: Weight of truss = (Span/3+5) × 10
= (24/3+5) × 10
Table 1 Design Parameters
= 0.130 kN/m2
S. No. Description Values = 0.130 × plan length
1 Building Dimensions 24 m x 60 m = 0.130 × 1.5
= 0.195 kN/m
2 Type Of Roofing G.I Sheet
Total dead load = 0.573kN/m
3 Location Of Building Bhopal
4 Bay Spacing 6m B. Live Load
5 Number of bays 10 No. Live load calculation (IS 875-1987 Part-II):
6 Wind Speed 39 m/s Live load on purlin = 750 – 20 (θ – 10) ……. (Slope less 10˚)
Live load = 750 – 20 (θ – 10)
7 Roof Slope 9.91°
= 750 – 20(9.91 – 10)
8 Riser Height 2.0 m = 0.751 kN/m2
9 Eave height 8.402m Live load on purlin = 0.539 × spacing of purlin
10 Purlin Spacing 1.5 m c/c = 0.751 × 1.523
11 Type Of Truss Pratt Truss = 1.143 kN/m
12 Column Section(CSB) UC/ISMB Live load on truss = 2/3 × load on purlin
= 2/3 × 1.143
13 Column Section(PEB) Tapered = 0.762 kN/m
14 Rafter Section(PEB) Tapered
15 Width of the building 24 m C. Wind Load
Wind load calculation (IS 875-1987 Part-III):
Basic wind speed = Vb = 39 m/s
Design wind speed = Vz = K1 K2 K3 Vb
Design wind pressure = Pz = 0.6 Vz2
Wind pressure on roof = (Cpe - Cpi)
Where,
Cpe = Coefficient of external wind pressure
Cpi = Coefficient of internal wind pressure
K1 = Risk coefficient
K2 = Terrain height and structure size factor
K3 = Topography factor
For all general building and structure,
Mean probable design life = 50 years
Risk coefficient K1 = 1.0
Terrain category = 3 ……...… (As height of building 10 m)
Class B ……...…… (As horizontal or vertical dimension in
Fig 4. Plan Layout of Warehouse Structure
between 20 to 50 m)
K2 = 0.99
K3 = topography factor
K3 = 1
Design wind speed = Vz = K1 × K2 × K3 × Vb
= 1.0 × 0.99 × 1.0 × 39
= 38.61 m/s
Design wind pressure = Pz = 0.6 × Vz2
= 0.6 × 38.612
= 894 N/m2
=0.894 kN/m2
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D. Load Combinations
Table 2. Load Combinations as per Design Codes
AISC-89/MBMA-86 IS 800-2007
Limit state of serviceability Limit state of serviceability
(DL+LL) (DL+LL)
(DL+WL/EL) (DL+WL/EL)
(DL+CL) (DL+LL+CL)
(DL+.05WL/EL+CL) (DL+0.8LL+0.8WL/EL+0.8CL)
Limit state of strength Limit state of strength
(DL+LL) 1.5(DL+LL)
(DL+CL) 1.5(DL+WL/EL)
0.75(DL+WL/EL) (0.9DL+1.5WL/EL)
0.75(DL+WLRL-P) (1.5DL+1.5LL+1.05CL)
0.75(DL+0.58WL/EL+CL) (1.5DL+1.05LL+1.5CL)
(1.2DL+1.2LL+0.6WL/EL+1.05CL)
(1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL/EL+0.53CL) Fig. 7: Modelling and 3D View of PEB Structure
(1.2DL+1.2LL+0.6WL/EL+1.2CL)
(1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL/EL+0.53CL)
STAAD PRO PROCESS
In the modern study, STAAD Pro V8i programming has been
utilized in order to analyses and design PEB and CSB. The
industrial warehouse structures we are designing is of Pre-
Engineered structure. The sizable majority of the channel
sections and angle sections are available in the steel tables of
STAAD Pro V8i are the C or else I sections. In any case, for
the design of PEB, there is likewise one command known as
tapered sections. Optimum Tapered sections are one in which
we can assemble the web, flange, their thicknesses, and so on.
STAAD Pro is the structural engineering professional‟s
decision for steel, concrete, timber, aluminum, and cold-
formed steel design of practically any structure including of Fig. 8: Assembled Tapered Section OF PEB Section
culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges, piles, and
substantially more through its adaptable demonstrating
condition, propelled highlights. For making plans or breaking
down any shape on STAAD Pro V8i, we first of all need to
create a model of it. For demonstrating in STAAD Pro V8i
various types of section properties, members, steel tables,
materials are presented. Not just this, there are the plan codes
of different countries feed. In the beams and columns act as
line component and slabs, walls and shear walls, and so forth
go about as plate component.
Fig. 9: Assembled I-Section OF CSB Section
Fig. 6: Modelling and Rendered View of CSB Structure
Fig. 10: Typical Section OF PEB-IS 800:2007 Frame
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Table 3: Sectional Details OF PEB-IS 800:2007 Frame
Profile Length (m) Weight (t)
Tapered Member No: 1 12 5.006
Tapered Member No: 2 37.68 26.925
Tapered Member No: 3 37.68 23.763
Tapered Member No: 4 12 6.616
ST ISMB300 7.5 3.243
ISA 75X75X6 502.65 8.150604
ISA 50X50X6 501.143 22.04178
ST 200Z60X2 3680 20.16215 Fig. 12: Typical Section of CSB-IS 800:2007 Frame
Total = 115.9015 Table 6: COMPARISN OF WEIGHT BETWEEN CSB
& PEB FRAME
TYPE OF FRAME WEIGHT IN KN
CSB FRAME IS 800:2007 1394.289
PEB FRAME IS 800:2007 935.619
PEB FRAME AISC LRFD 879.151
Fig. 11: Typical Section OF PEB-AISC/LRFD Frame
Table 4: Sectional Details of PEB-IS 800:2007 Frame
Profile Length (m) Weight (t)
Tapered Member No: 1 12 5.006
Tapered Member No: 2 28.68 20.49387
Tapered Member No: 3 28.68 18.08712
Fig. 13: Weight Correlation
Tapered Member No: 4 12 6.616 As consistent with the design outcomes acquired for the
ST ISMB300 7.5 3.243 duration of this dissertation work it is noted that the weight of
PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by 33% and
ISA 75X75X6 506.851 8.218725 weight of PEB as consistent with American code structure with
the aid of 37% as compared to lesser than the weight of CSB
ISA 50X50X6 506.843 22.29248 structure.
ST 200Z60X2 3680 20.16215 Table 7 : STEEL QUANTITY FOR PURLIN
Total = 104.3854 WEIGHT IN
TYPES OF FRAME
KN
CSB FRAME (Hot Rolled
Table 5: Sectional Details of CSB-IS 800:2007 Frame 333.796
Steel Section) IS 800:2007
Profile Length (m) Weight (t) PEB FRAME (Cold Formed
144.19
Steel Section) IS 800:2007
ST ISMB250 48.1 17.554968
PEB FRAME (Cold Formed
105.09
ST ISMB300 10 4.324 Steel Section) AISC LRFD
ST ISMB450 24 17.016 As consistent with the design outcomes acquired for the
ST ISMB550 74.02 75.124717 duration of this dissertation work it is noted that the Purlin
weight of PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by
ISA 75X75X6 583.03 38.78454 56.80% and Purlin weight of PEB as consistent with American
ISA 50X50X6 587.02 25.67551 code structure with the aid of 68.51% as compared to lesser
than the weight of CSB structure.
ST 200Z60X2 6140 33.640115
Total = 212.1185
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Fig. 16: Maximum Shear Force
Fig. 14: Steel Quantity required for Hot Rolled Section and
Cold Formed Steel section used for Purlin members In this dissertation work it is noted that the Maximum Shear
Force of PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by
49.27% and Maximum Shear Force of PEB as consistent with
American code structure with the aid of 62.53% as compared
Table 8 : STEEL QUANTITY FOR GRIT MEMBERS to lesser than the Maximum Shear Force of CSB structure.
TYPES OF FRAME WEIGHT IN KN Table 10: Maximum Support Reaction IN KN
SUPPORT REACTIONS
CSB FRAME (Hot Rolled Steel TYPES OF FRAME
352.118 IN KN
Section) IS 800:2007 CSB FRAME IS
193.067
PEB FRAME (Cold Formed Steel 800:2007
56.807 PEB FRAME IS
Section) IS 800:2007 159.603
800:2007
PEB FRAME (Cold Formed Steel
39.439 PEB FRAME AISC
Section) AISC LRFD 121.266
LRFD
Fig. 15: Quantity of steel required for Hot Rolled Section and
Cold Formed Steel used for Girt members
In this dissertation work it is noted that the Grit Member Fig. 17: Maximum Support Reaction
weight of PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by
83.86 % and Grit Member weight of PEB as consistent with In this dissertation work it is noted that the Maximum Support
American code structure with the aid of 88.79% as compared Reaction of PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by
to lesser than the Grit Member weight of CSB structure. 17.33% and Maximum Support Reaction of PEB as consistent
with American code structure with the aid of 37.18 % as
Table 9 : MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE IN KN compared to lesser than the Maximum Support Reaction of
SHEAR FORCE IN CSB structure.
TYPES OF FRAME
KN
CSB FRAME IS 800:2007 403.064
PEB FRAME IS 800:2007 204.744
PEB FRAME AISC LRFD 151.018
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Table 11: Cost Analysis Between PEB and CSB
WEIGHT GRIT RATE
PURLIN TOTAL TOTAL
TYPES OF OF MEMBER OF TOTAL
WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT IN
FRAME FRAME WEIGHT IN STEEL COST
IN KN IN KN KG
IN KN KN IN KG
CSB FRAME
1394.289 333.796 352.118 2080.2 2,12,118.30 55.00 1,16,66,506
IS 800:2007
PEB FRAME
935.619 144.19 56.807 1136.62 1,15,900.73 55.00 63,74,540.3
IS 800:2007
PEB FRAME
879.151 105.09 39.439 1023.68 1,04,384.65 55.00 57,41,155.7
AISC LRFD
code structure by 83.86 % and Grit Member weight
of PEB as consistent with American code structure
with the aid of 88.79% as compared to lesser than the
Grit Member weight of CSB structure.
(iv) In this dissertation work it is noted that the Maximum
Shear Force of PEB as consistent with Indian code
structure by 49.27% and Maximum Shear Force of
PEB as consistent with American code structure with
the aid of 62.53% as compared to lesser than the
Maximum Shear Force of CSB structure.
(v) In this dissertation work it is noted that the Maximum
Support Reaction of PEB as consistent with Indian
code structure by 17.33% and Maximum Support
Reaction of PEB as consistent with American code
structure with the aid of 37.18 % as compared to
lesser than the Maximum Support Reaction of CSB
Fig. 18 Cost Analysis structure.
(vi) In this dissertation work it is noted that the Cost
In this dissertation work it is noted that the Cost Analysis of
Analysis of PEB as consistent with Indian code
PEB as consistent with Indian code structure by 45.36% and
structure by 45.36% and Cost Analysis of PEB as
Cost Analysis of PEB as consistent with American code
consistent with American code structure with the aid
structure with the aid of 50.78% as compared to lesser than the
of 50.78% as compared to lesser than the Cost
Cost Analysis of CSB structure.
Analysis of CSB structure.
CONCLUSION
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Engineering Research and Applications Issue 2 | ISSN: 2321-9939 IJEDR1602142
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Part -2) March 2015, pp.05-09 www.ijera.com 5 | P a Research (www.ijedr.org) 801
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[10] VivekThakre Mr. Laxmikant Vairagade “Analysis and
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