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TEXT CUM WORK BOOK

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FIRST STANDARD

KARNATAKA TEXT BOOK SOCIETY (R.)

6th Cross, Malleshwaram,
Bengaluru - 560 003.
 Preface
The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing
new textbooks according to the new syllabi prepared which in turn
are designed based on NCF - 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are
prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the media of
instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and
5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science
and social science.
NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are:
* connecting knowledge to life activities.

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* learning to shift from rote methods.
* enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks.

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* learning experiences for the construction of knowledge.
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* making examinations exible and integrating them with

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classroom experiences.
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* caring concerns within the democratic policy of the

country.
* making education relevant to the present and future needs.
* softening the subject boundaries - integrated knowledge
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and the joy of learning.

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* the child is the constructor of knowledge.

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The new books are produced based on three fundamental

approaches namely - Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and
Integrated approach.
The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master
skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are
integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented
in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the all
round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her
become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive
citizen of this great country, India.

ii
 Young learners in thier initial stages of learning i.e., between the
ages of 5 and 10, acquire most of the concepts which they need in
consolidating learning in later stages. If this learning is properly
planned and well executed in the classroom, children may nd
learning easy and enjoyable.

Based on these principles, in the early stages from class 1 to 5,

the following subject areas have been introduced - Mother tongue,
state language, English as a practice language, mathematics and
environmental studies. Environmental studies include science and
social science related to their daily life experiences, information about
their environment, society, country, their duties and rights. These
topics are presented through interesting situations and activities.

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Opportunities have been provided for self learning and creativity. In

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this stage importance is given to children sitting pairs and groups and

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exchange their experiences. The efforts have been made to make
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illustrations colourful, attractive and meaningful. Teachers are
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expected to make use of these and help children learn meaningfully

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and with pleasure. The textbooks aim at making learning interesting,

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enjoyable and satisfying.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the

chairpersons, writers, scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs
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and the members of the Editorial Board and printers in helping the
Text Book Society in producing these textbooks.
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Prof. G. S. Mudambadithaya Nagendra Kumar

Coordinator Managing Director
Curriculum Revision and Karnataka Textbook Society®
Textbook Preparation Bengaluru, Karnataka
Karnataka Textbook Society®
Bengaluru, Karnataka

iii
 About the Book
National Curriculum Framework (NCF2005) developed by the
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), has set
the guidelines for developing syllabi, textbooks and teaching practices in
the formal school education programmes in the country, considering the
new challenges that Humankind is likely to face in the years to come.
We have attempted to follow the ve guiding principles on which
NCF 2005 is based, while adopting the framework in the textbooks of
classes 1 and 2 for the State of Karnataka. We have tried integrating the
science and social science concepts by softening the subject boundaries
in these textbooks. The idea is that the children should view the natural
and the social environments in a holistic manner from the beginning of
the school education. We have included a wide range of topics from family

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to plants and animals to festivals on the lines of the NCF 2005 guidelines.
While designing these textbooks titled 'Environmental Science',

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EVS in short, we have taken into account the socio-economic,

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environmental and cultural aspects of the State for easy connect and
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better understanding. Since the children are beginners in the school
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system, we have used illustrations heavily in these books for easy

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communication. We also have introduced simple activities such as
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observation, keeping the level of children in mind, to engage them in

learning process and make the learning more participative. The idea is
also to stimulate children to enquiry-based learning. Books are designed
with the objectives of familiarizing children with their surroundings/
local knowledge and introducing some basic concepts of their natural
and social environment so that they start appreciating the environment
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they are living in and every component that comes with it. We have tried
our best to make these books gender neutral in terms of language and
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presentation of concepts. At the beginning of every lesson, we have given

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the competencies that the children should develop after each lesson, to
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help teachers facilitate the learning process.

While the thought provoking para of Rabindranath Tagore from
'Civilization and Progress', which NCF 2005 opens with, is indeed
inspiring for every teacher to search and adopt new and innovative
teaching-learning approaches, we welcome comments and suggestion
from the teachers, parents and public for further renement.
Environment Education is Education of the Environment,
through the Environment and for the Environment

Dr. R. Shailaja, Chairperson

Textbook Committee

iv
 Text Book Committee
Chairperson :
1) Dr. R. Shailaja, Director, Regional Environmental Studies Centre, South
Zone, 143, Infantry Road, Bengaluru.
Members :
1) Sri Sujay Sandeep, Asst. teacher, G.H.P.S. Navarathna Agrahara,
Bengaluru North Zone, Bengaluru North District.
2) Sri Ananda Ajila, H.M, G.H.P.S. Nelyadi, Puttur Taluk, Dakshina
Kannada District.
3) Sri D.H. Lakshmanaiah, Asst. teacher, G.H.P.S. Nitturu, Gubbi Taluk,
Tumakuru District.
4) Sri K.L. Shanabhaga, Asst. teacher, G.H.P.S. Kodsula, Bhatkal Taluk,

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Uttara Kannada District.
5) Sri Sunagara Raghavendra, Asst. Teacher, G.H.P.S. Naganura,

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Jamakhandi Taluk, Bagalkote District.

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Artists : BL
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1) Sri Prakash Thatti, Yatnatti Road, near water tank, Bhagyanagar,

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Koppala Taluk, Koppala District.
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2) Sri K. Anand, Drawing teacher, Rastrothana Shikshakara Tarabethi

Samsthe, Hagaribommanahalli, Ballari District.
Scrutinizer :
1) Sri D.R. Prasanna Kumar, Policy Planning Unit, Commissioner Ofce,
Department of Public Instruction, Nrupathunga Road, Bengaluru.
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Translator :
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1) Sri P.K. Muchandikar, Cluster Resource Person, Belgundi, Belagavi,

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Taluk, Belagavi District.

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Chief Co-ordinator :
Prof. G.S. Mudambaditaya, Co-ordinator, Curriculum revision and text book
preparation, KTBS, Bengaluru.
Chief Advisor :
Sri Nagendra Kumar, Managing Director, KTBS, Bengaluru.
Smt. C. Nagamani , Deputy Director, KTBS, Bengaluru.
Programme Co-ordinator :
Smt. S.N. Leelavathi, SADPI, KTBS, Bengaluru.

v
 About the Revision of Textbooks
Honourable Chief Minister Sri Siddaramaiah who is also the Finance
Minister of Karnataka, in his response to the public opinion about the
new textbooks from standard I to X, announced, in his
2014-15 budget speech of constituting an expert-committee, to look into
the matter. He also spoke of the basic expectations there in, which the
textbook experts should follow: "The textbooks should aim at inculcating
social equality, moral values, development of personality, scientific
temper, critical acumen, secularism and the sense of national
commitment", he said.
Later, for the revision of the textbooks from class I to X, the
Department of Education constituted twenty seven committees and
passed an order on 24-11-2014. The committees so constituted were

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subject and class-wise and were in accordance with the standards
prescribed. Teachers who are experts in matters of subjects and syllabi

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were in the committees.

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There were already many complaints, and analyses about the
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textbooks. So, a freehand was given in the order dated 24-11-2014 to the
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responsible committees to examine and review text and even to prepare
new text and revise if necessary. Eventually, a new order was passed on
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19-9-2015 which also gave freedom even to re-write the textbooks if

necessary. In the same order, it was said that the completely revised
textbooks could be put to force from 2017-18 instead of 2016-17.
Many self inspired individuals and institutions, listing out the wrong
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information and mistakes there in the text, had send them to the
Education Minister and to the Textbook Society. They were rectified.
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Before rectification we had exchanged ideas by arranging debates.

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Discussions had taken place with Primary and Secondary Education

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Teachers' Associations. Questionnaires were administered among

teachers to pool up opinions. Separate meeting were held with teachers,
subject inspectors and DIET Principals. Analytical opinions had been
collected. To the subject experts of science, social science, mathematics
and languages, textbooks were sent in advance and later meetings were
held for discussions. Women associations and science related
organisations were also invited for discussions. Thus, on the basis of all
inputs received from various sources, the textbooks have been revised
where ever necessary.
 Another important aspect has to be shared here. We constituted three
expert committees. They were constituted to make suggestions after
making a comparative study of the texts of science, mathematics and
social science subjects of central schools (NCERT), along with state
textbooks. Thus, the state text books have been enriched based on the
comparative analysis and suggestions made by the experts. The state
textbooks have been guarded not to go lower in standards than the
textbooks of central school. Besides, these textbooks have been examined
along side with the textbooks of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and
Maharashtra states.
Another clarification has to be given here. Whatever we have done in
the committees is only revision, it is not the total preparation of the
textbooks. Therefore, the structure of the already prepared textbooks

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have in no way been affected or distorted. They have only been revised in
the background of gender equality, regional representation, national

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integrity, equality and social harmony. While doing so, the curriculum

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frames of both central and state have not been transgressed. Besides, the
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aspirations of the constitution are incorporated carefully. Further, the

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reviews of the committees were once given to higher expert committees for
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examination and their opinions have been inculcated into the textbooks.
Finally, we express our grateful thanks to those who strived in all
those 27 committees with complete dedication and also to those who
served in higher committees. At the same time, we thank all the
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supervising officers of the Textbook Society who sincerely worked hard in

forming the committees and managed to see the task reach its logical
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completion. We thank all the members of the staff who

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co-operated in this venture. Our thanks are also to the subject experts
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and to the associations who gave valuable suggestions.

Veeranna S. Jatti Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa

Managing Director Chairman-in-Chief
Karnataka Textbook Society (R.) Textbook Revision Committees
Bengaluru. Karnataka Textbook Society (R.)
Bengaluru.
 Revision Committee
Chairman-in-Chief :
Prof. Baraguru Ramachandrappa, State Textbook Revision Committees,
Karnataka Textbook Society, Bengaluru.
Chairperson :
Dr.S.Shishupala, Professor and Chairman, Department of microbiology,
Davanagere University, Davanagere .
Members:
Smt.K. Mamatha, Asst. teacher, GHS, Kengeri Upanagara, Bengaluru.
Sri K.S. Gireesh, Asst. teacher, GHS, Jalige, Devanahalli Tq., Bengaluru
Rural Dist.
Smt. G. Renuka, Asst. teacher, GHS, Honnashettihally, Gubbi Tq.,
Tumakuru Dist.

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Smt. R.N. Vasantha Sujay, Asst. teacher, GHS, Hebbala, Bengaluru.
Smt. A. Lakshmidevi, Asst. teacher, GHPS, Kaveripura, Bengaluru.

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Smt. B. Hemalatha, Asst. teacher, GLPS, K. Narayanapura, Bengaluru.

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Artist : BL
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Sri U. Hazarat Ali., Lecturer, Department of Fine Arts,Tumkur University,

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Tumakuru.
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High Power Review Committee Members :

Dr. T.R. Anantharamu, Senior Scientist(Retd.), Geological Survey of India,
Bengaluru.
Prof. V.S. Vatsala, Principal (Retd.), M.E.S College, Malleswaram, Bengaluru.
Dr. G.M. Nijaguna, Principal (Retd.), Vijaya College, Basavanagudi,
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Bengaluru.
Prof. K.S. Nataraj, Professor of Physics(Retd.), National College, Jayanagara,
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Bengaluru.
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Translators :
Sri P.C. Halgekar, Asst. teacher, Rangubai Bhosale High School, Belagavi.
Sri R.G. Kulkarni, Asst. teacher (Retd.), Khanapur, Belagavi Dist.
Chief Advisors :
Sri Veeranna S. Jatti, Managing Director, Karnataka Textbook Society,
Bengaluru.
Sri Kodandaramaiah. N, Deputy Director, Karnataka Textbook Society,
Bengaluru.
Programme Co-ordinator :
Sri. Shivappa, Senior Assistant Director, KTBS, Bengaluru.

viii
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26
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VwÂ`m n[agamV CnbãY Agbobo Amhma nXmW© OmUyZ Koerb.
VwÂ`m n[agamV {_iUmao Amhma nXmW© AmoiIerb.
Vy godZ Ho$bobo Amhma nXmW© AmoiIerb.
`m {MÌmV Vy Im„obo Amhma nXmW© AmhoV H$m ? Agë`mg Ë`m Amhma

ED
nXmWm©Imbr (ü) Aer IyU H$a.

H
IS
BL
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BE @K
TO
T
O
N

Vwbm AmdS>Umam Amhma nXmW© H$moUVm ? gm§J.

27
 hr {MÌo nhm `m {MÌmVrb Vy AmoiIV Agboë`m Amhma nXmWm©Imbr (ü)
Aer IyU H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
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R TB
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BE @K
TO
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O
N

VwÂ`m JmdmV {nH$Umè`m d {_iUmè`m Amhma nXmWmªZm g_OyZ Ko.

28
 AmVrb dV© w i mV Amhma nXmW© {Xbo b o Amho V . Ë`mnmgy Z V`ma
Ho $ bo b o ImÊ`mMo nXmW© ~mødVw © i mV {Xbo b o Amho V . {MÌmVrb Amhma
nXmW© d Ë`mnmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobo nXmW© aofoZo OmoS>.

ED
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BE @K
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O
N

gUmÀ`m {Xder Vw_À`m Kar H$moUH$moUVo ImÚnXmW© V`ma H$aVmV Vo gm§J.

29
 Imbrb {MÌmVrb Vy Z {eOdVm ImUmè`m nXmWm© I mbr "q'
Am{U {eOdyZ ImUmè`m nXmWm©Imbr "m' Aer IyU H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
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R TB
U
BE @K
TO
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O
N

Ioi Ioim.
VwÂ`m {_Ìm§~amo~a JmobmV C^o ahm. Vw_À`mVrb EH$mZo AmdS>Umam AmhmanXmW©
gm§Jmdm. Vmo V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AmhmanXmW© BVam§Zr gm§Jm. Agm Ioi
Mmbw R>odm. Vwbm Amhma nXmW© _mhrV Zgë`mg Kar {dMméZ g_OyZ Ko.

30
 Vw b m AmdS>Umè`m nXmWm© b m (3) Aer Iy U H$a. Vmo nXmW©
Vwbm H$m AmdS>Vmo Vo gm§J.

Vwbm AmdS>Umè`m \$imbm (3) Aer IyU H$a. ho \$i Vwbm H$m AmdS>Vo Vo

ED
gm§J.

H
IS
BL
EP S
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U
BE @K
TO

Vwbm AmdS>Umè`m ^mOrbm (3) Aer IyU H$a. Vr ^mOr Vwbm H$m AmdS>Vo ?
T
O
N

VwÂ`m nagmV / A§JUmV ^mOrnmbm d \$im§Mr PmS>o AmhoV H$m ? Agë`mg

H$moUVr ? Vo gm§J.
31
 N
`m {MÌm§Zm a§Jd.

O
T
TO
BE @K

32
R TB
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BL
IS
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ED
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

33
R TB
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 VwÂ`m KamV H$moUH$moUVo ImÚnXmW© V`ma H$aVmV Vo gm§J. Vo V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Amdí`H$ Amhma nXmW© {dMméZ OmUyZ Ko.
VwPo {ejH$ XmIdVrb Vmo Amhma nXmW© AmoiI. (^mV, ZmMUm, Omo§Yim, e|Jm
BË`mXr AmhmanXmW© {ejH$m§Zr XmIdmdoV.)

Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m

^mOr hdr H$m ^mOr ?
Mdr MdrMr ^mOr

~moQ>m gmaIr {hadr ^|S>r

ED
gmnmgmaIo bm§~ nS>di

H
IS
BL
H$Sy> MdrMo H$mabo
EP S
R TB

eod½`mMr e|J XoB©b ~i

U
BE @K

a§Jr ~oa§Jr dm§Jr Mdrbm N>mZ

JmOa, dmQ>mUo bmJVr N>mZ
TO

Vèho VèhoMm ^mOrnmbm

T

{dH$m`bm Ambo _r aËZ_mbm.

O
N

(ho JmUo A{^Z` H$éZ åhUm. Vwbm _mhrV Agbobr ^mOr KoD$Z JmUo nwT>o
Mmby R>odm.)

34
 nmR>
5 Amnbm Amhma

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

AmhmamMr Amdí`H$Vm g_OyZ Koerb.
Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
gH$mi nmgyZ ImUo Zmhr,
Pmbmo _r gwñV

ED
Pmbmo _r gwñV.

H
OodU Pmë`mdar _r AmVm

IS
Amho _r _ñV
BL
EP S

Amho _r _ñV.
R TB
U
S>mir YmÝ`mnmgyZ,
BE @K

nhm {_iVo H$er eº$s

{_iVo H$er eº$s.
AmVm gwMVo Amåhm,
H$amd`m _ñVr
TO

H$amd`m _ñVr.
Xhr XÿY bmoUr gmao,
T

ImD$Z H$am \$ñV

O

H$am \$ñV.
N

Yï> nwï> hmodyZ amhþ,

gmao H$go _ñV
gmao H$go _ñV.
Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
Amhma hdm Amhma,
XohmgmR>r hdm Amhma,
eara gw§Xa _Z gw§Xa,
~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r hdm Amhma.
35
 ED
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BL
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TO
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O
N

Amnë`m earamÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r Amhma nm{hOo.

36
 gwÑT> earamgmR>r Am{U eº$sgmR>r Amhma nm{hOo.

ED
H
IS
BL
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BE @K
TO
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O
N

Amnë`mbm H$m_ H$aÊ`mg eº$s AmhmamVyZ {_iVo.

Vwbm g_Obo H$m Amnë`mbm AmhmamMr JaO H$m Amho?

37
 nmR>
6 _mPo Ka

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

Amnë`m KamMr AmoiI H$éZ Koerb
KamÀ`m AmYmao ñWm{ZH$ n[aga AJXr Odi, Odi, Xÿa,
\$ma Xÿa `mMm A§XmO H$aerb.

ED
ho amYmMo Ka. `m {MÌmMo {ZarjU H$a.

H
IS
BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

`m àým§Mr CÎmao gm§J

amYmÀ`m KamV H$moU H$moU AmhoV?
Vo H$m` H$aV AmhoV?
38
 VwÂ`m KamV H$moU H$moU AmhoV?
VwÂ`m KamV àmUr nmiboV H$m?
amYmÀ`m Kambm Agbobo XadmOo Am{U {IS>Š`m _moOyZ gm§J.
VwÂ`m Kambm {H$Vr {IS>Š`m d XadmOo AmhoV?

ho amOyMo Ka. `m {MÌmMo {ZarjU H$a.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
TO
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O
N

`m àým§Mr CÎmao gm§J

amOyÀ`m KamÀ`m AJXrOdi H$m` Amho?
amOyÀ`m KamOdi H$m` Amho?
emim H$moR>o Amho ?
amOyÀ`m KamnmgyZ \$ma Xÿada H$m` Amho?
39
 Imbr {Xbobr {R>H$mUo H$moR>o AmhoV ? {Xboë`m OmJoV `mo½` {R>H$mUr
(3) Aer IyU H$a.

H«$_ g§»`m _mÂ`m KamnmgyZ AJXr Odi Odi Xÿa \$ma Xÿa
1. {_ÌmMo/_¡{ÌUrMo Ka
2. nmÊ`mMm Zi/hmVn§n
3. emim
4. XþH$mZ
5. A§JUdmS>r

ED
6. {dhra

H
7. ~gñWmZH$

IS
8. H$m`m©b`/XdmImZm BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K

CÎma gm§J :
VwÂ`m KamÀ`m AJXr Odi H$m` Amho ?
TO

VwÂ`m KamÀ`m Odi H$m` Amho ?

T
O

VwÂ`m KamnmgyZ Xÿa H$m` Amho ?

N

VwÂ`m KamnmgyZ \$ma Xÿa H$m` Amho ?

VwÂ`m emioOdi H$m` Amho ?

VwÂ`m emionmgyZ Xÿa H$m` Amho ?

40
 `m {MÌmbm a§Jd.

N
O
T
TO
BE @K

41
R TB
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U
BL
IS
H
ED
 Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
Am_Mo Ka emo^²Z {XgVo,
{IS>Š`m Xmao AZoH$ AgVr,
àH$me hdm Amho IoiVr,
~habobr ~mJ Kam ^modVr.

a§Jr ~oa§Jr \w$bo gw§Xa,

{d{dY a§Jr nmZo _Zmoha,
n[aga gmam ñdÀN> R>odVo,
Am_Mo Ka emo^²Z {XgVo.

ED
bhmZ dobr PmS>o _moR>r,

H
gw§Xa {Xgo Ë`mda nmbdr,

IS
njr àmUr KoVr {dgmdm,
BL
EP S

AmZ§XmZo _Z ~haVo,
R TB
U

Am_Mo Ka emo^²Z {XgVo.

BE @K
TO
T
O
N

42
 nmR>
7 ñdÀN>VoÀ`m gd`r

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

earamMo Ad`d AmoiIerb.
earamÀ`m Ad`dm§À`m ñdÀN>VoMo _hËd Koerb Am{U ñdÀN>VoÀ`m gd`r
OmUyZ Koerb.
`oWo aofm§Zr Xe©{dboë`m earamÀ`m ^mJm§Mr Zmdo {bhr.

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

VwÂ`m earamMo ho ^mJ AmoiI.

43
 ED
_r H$moU?
_mPm Vwbm H$m`

H
IS
BLCn`moJ hmoVmo? gm§J.
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

44
ho Ad`d H$moUË`m H$m_mgmR>r Cn`moJr hmoVmV? aofm _méZ OmoS>.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

45
 Imbrb {MÌmV H$m` H$m_ Mmbbobo Amho Vo gm§J. `m H$m_mgmR>r VwÂ`m
earamMo H$moUVo Ad`d Cn`moJ H$aerb?

ED
H
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BL
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BE @K
TO
T
O
N

46
VwÂ`m hmVmMo {ZarjU H$a.
hmVmbm {H$Vr ~moQ>§ AmhoV? _moO. gJir ~moQ>o EH$gmaIr AmhoV
H$m? {ZarjU H$a.

ED
H
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BE @K
TO
T
O
N

47
 Imbrb Mm¡H$moZmV VwPm S>mdm hmV R>od. ~moQ>o nga. nopÝgbrÀ`m
ghmæ`mZo g^modVr aofm H$mT>.

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

48
{MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

CÎmao gm§J.
Vy XmV KmgÊ`mgmR>r H$emMm dmna H$aVmog?
Vy ZIo H$mnÊ`mgmR>r H$emMm dmna H$aVmog?
Vy OodU H$aÊ`mAJmoXa H$m` H$aVmog?
emioVyZ Kar Amë`mda Vy H$m` H$aVmog?

49
 Imbrb JmobmV H$mhr dñVy AmhoV. `mn¡H$s Vy H$moUË`m dñVy
dmnaVmog ? Ë`m dñVy^modVr Jmob H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
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R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

hr H$m_o H$aÊ`mMm A{^Z` H$éZ XmId.

1. XmV KmgUo. 2. Ho$g qdMaUo
3. A§Kmoi H$aUo. 4. A§J nwgUo.
5. Vm|S> YwUo. 6. ZIo H$mnUo.
7. nm` YwUo. 8. hmV YwUo.
9. XodmMr àmW©Zm H$aUo.

50
 nmR>
8
gwa{jVVm Am{U {eñV

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

d¡`{º$H$ gwa{jVVm OmUyZ Koerb.
am§JoV C^o amherb.
JaOm nwa{dUmè`m gmo`r AmoiIerb.
{MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$a.

ED
H
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BL
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BE @K
TO
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N

51
CÎmao gm§J.
`m§Zm H$mhr XþImnV Pmbr H$m? H$em_wio?
Vy Ag§ H$Yr Ho$b§g H$m?
Vwbm H$Yr XþImnV Pmbr H$m?
_moR>r _mUgo H$m_ H$aVmZm {ZarjU H$a. AZwH$aU H$a. _moR>r _mUgo d
JwéOZ gm§JVrb Ë`mà_mUo dmJ. Vy gwa{jV amherb.
Imbrb {MÌmMo {ZarjU H$a.
Vwbm {MÌmV H$m` {XgVo? gm§J.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
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N

`m {MÌmnmgyZ Vy H$m` {eH$bmg?

52
 Imbrb {MÌmn¡H$s ~amo~a {MÌmg_moa (3) Aer d MyH$ {MÌmg_moa
(7) Aer IyU H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

~amo~a (3) Am{U MyH$ (7) Mo H$maU gm§J.

53
 Imbr {Xbobr dmŠ`o dmM. ~amo~a dmŠ`mg_moa (3) Aer d MyH$
dmŠ`mg_moa (7) Aer IyU H$a.
1. am§JoV C^o amhUo åhUOo doi dm`m KmbdUo.
2. am§JoV Wm§~yZ nmirZo Joë`mg gdmªZm nmUr {_iVo.
3. am§JoV Wm§~ë`mg gdmªZm Ìmg hmoV Zmhr.
4. ~g _Ü`o MT>VmZm am§JoV Wm§~Uo Mm§Jbo.

ED
H
~gñWmZH$ gaH$mar emim

IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U

dZ
g_mO ^
BE @K

hm°ñnrQ>b
TO
T

añË`mdarb {Xì`m§Mr JaO H$m`?

O

Amåhmbm emim H$embm nm{hOo?

N

~gWm§ã`mMm Amåhmbm H$m` Cn`moJ hmoVmo?

Vy XdmImÝ`mbm H$m OmVmog?
`m gd© Amåhmbm Amdí`H$ gmo`r AmhoV. Vw_À`m JmdmV Agboë`m gmo`r
gm§J. `m gmo`tMm JmdmVrb bmoH$ H$gm Cn`moJ H$aVmV? {ZarjU H$a.

54
 nmR>
9 dmhVwH$sMr gmYZo

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

ñWm{ZH$ dmhVyH$sÀ`m gmYZm§Mr _m{hVr {_iderb.
Imbr {Xboë`m {MÌmVrb dmhZm§Mr Zmdo gm§J.

ED
H
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BL
EP S
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

55
Imbrb dmhZm§Mr {MÌo ~K. Vwbm AmdS>Umao dmhZ H$moUVo? H$m?

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

Ioi Ioim.
`m dmhZm§À`mà_mUo AmdmO H$mTy>Z Mb.
aoëdo, gm`H$b, ñHy$Q>a, ~g.
VwÂ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUr~amo~a "PwH$ PwH$ JmS>r' Ioi Ioim.
H$mJXmMr Zmd H$éZ nmÊ`mda Va§JV gmoS>.

56
H$mJXmMr Zmd H$aÊ`mg {eH$.

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

57
 hr {MÌo a§Jd.

N
O
T
TO
BE @K

58
R TB
EP S
U
BL
IS
H
ED
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

59
R TB
EP S
U
BL
IS
H
ED
hr dmhZo H$moR>o MmbdVmV? aofoZo OmoS>.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

60
 Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
~gMm hm°Z© dmOVmo nrn, nrn, nrn
{d_mZmMo n§Im {\$aVmo g§wB©, g§wB©, gw§B©
gm`H$bMr K§Q>m dmOVo qQ´>J, qQ´>J, qQ´>J
~¡bmMr K§Q>m dmOVo {H$U, {H$U, {H$U

aoëdoMo B§{OZ ~mobo PyH$, PyH$, PyH$

hmoS>çm§Mr am§J Mmbo N>H²$ N>H²$ N>H²$
[ajmMm AmdmO `oB© nm|_, nm|_, nm|_

ED
ñHy$Q>aMr MmHo$ {\$aVr Py_, Py_, Py_

H
IS
BL
EP S

añVmdéZ YmdVmV {d{dY dmhZo

R TB
U
g_OyZ Ko Vy gd© dmhZo
BE @K

gd©Ì MmbVmV Vèho VèhoMr dmhZo

Amåhm gdmªZm {\$aÊ`mg nm{hOoV dmhZo
TO
T
O
N

61
 nmR>
10 _r Am{U _mPo Hw$Qw>§~

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gXñ`m§Mo ZmVo (g§~§Y) g_OyZ Koerb.
KaH$m_mV EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aÊ`mg {eH$erb.
Hw$Qw>§~ Am{U n[agamVrb ZmVodmB©H$m§Zm AmoiIerb.

ED
{MÌ ~K.

H
IS
BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

gw{Zb

ho gw{ZbÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mMo {MÌ. `m {MÌmV H$moUH$moU AmhoV? gm§J.

62
 Vw  `m KamV `mn¡ H $s H$mo U H$mo U Amho V ? Ë`m g_mo a rb Mm¡ H $mo Z mV
(3) Aer IyU H$a.

ED
H
IS
BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

VwÂ`m KamV AmUIr H$moUH$moU AmhoV? gm§J.

63
`m {MÌm_Ü`o H$moUH$moU AmhoV? AmoiIyZ gm§J.

Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m

ED
AmB©, ~m~m, VmB©, ^mD$
gmaoOU {_iyZ amhÿ

H
IS
{_iyZr gmao H$m_ H$é
BL
EP S

AmZ§XmZo JmUo JmD$

R TB
U
BE @K

~m~m§Mo ~m~m _mPo AmOmo~m

AmB©Mo ~m~mhr _mPo AmOmo~m
~m~m§Mr AmB© _mPr AmOr
TO

AmB©Mr AmB©hr _mPr AmOr

T
O

CÎma gm§J :
N

AmB©Mr AmB© VwPr H$moU?

d{S>bm§Mr AmB© VwPr H$moU?
AmB©Mo dS>rb VwPo H$moU?
d{S>bm§Mo dS>rb VwPo H$moU?

64
Imbrb {MÌo ~K. Vwbm `m H$m_mgmR>r H$moU _XV H$aVo? Vo gm§J.

ED
H
IS
BL
EP S
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U
BE @K
TO
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O
N

65
 Imbrb {MÌm§ M o {ZarjU H$a. Vw b m `m H$m_mgmR>r H$mo U _XV
H$aV ? g§~§YrV {MÌo aofoZo OmoS>.

ED
H
IS
BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

66
 Imbrb {MÌo ~K. `m {MÌmV H$moUVr H$m_o H$aV AmhoV? H$moU H$moUmbm _XV
H$aV Amho ? gm§J.

Imbrb {MÌo ~K. Vy KamV H$moU H$moUË`m H$m_mV _XV H$aVmog ? Mm¡H$moZmV

ED
(3) Aer IyU H$a.

H
IS
BL
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BE @K
TO
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O
N

67
 Imbrb {MÌo ~K. Vy H$aV Agbo ë `m H$m_mÀ`m {MÌm§ Z m ao f o Z o
OmoS>. CXmhaU {Xbobo Amho.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
TO
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O
N

68
Vy emioV H$aV Agboë`m H$m_mgmR>r (3) Aer IyU H$a.

ED
A Am B B©

H
IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

AA
mB
B© A
m B B© A Am B B© Am B B©
AA

69
 mW{_H$ emim
gaH$mar AmXe© à

ED
H
IS
Vy emioV H$moUm~amo~a OodU H$aVmog ? BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

VwÂ`m KamOdi amhUmè`m {_ÌmMo / _¡{ÌUrMo Zmd gm§J.

70
 Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
gIo gmo~Vr AmnU gmao
{_iyZr JmUo JmD$ gmao

emio_Ü`o {_iyZ OmD$,

gmao {_iyZr H$m_ H$é.

Aä`mg Amåhr H$é`m,

ZmMy`m {Z Ioiy`m.
ào_mZo Amåhr amhÿ`m,

ED
AmZ§XmZo amhÿ`m.

H
IS
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TO
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71
 nmR>
11 eoOmar

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

Kar d eoOmar H$aV Agbobr H$m_o g_OyZ Koerb.
eoOmè`m§er AgUmao ghH$m`© OmUyZ Koerb.
Vwbm KamV H$aV Agbobr H$m_o _mhrV AmhoV. AmVm hr {MÌo ~K.
Imbrb àíZm§Mr CÎmao Xo.

ED
Kamg_moa H$Mam

H
H$_bm `o. H$Mam
Amho. H$mTy>.

IS
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO

Kamg_moa H$m` Amho? VoWo H$m` Mmbbo Amho?

T

ZimÀ`m g^modVr AmVm ho ñdÀN> Amho.

O

nmUr gmMbo Amho.

N

Zimg^modVrMr OmJm H$er Amho? XmoKo H$m` H$aV AmhoV?

72
a_m ~mobdV Amho garVm,
Mbm OmD$`m. H$_bm, C_m
gd©OUr `m.

Amåhr hr Imobr
{H$Vr bdH$a
gOdbr Zm?
a_mZo gdmªZm H$m ~mob{dbo? gmao H$m` H$aV AmhoV?

ED
aSy> ZH$mo h§ ~mi.

H
IS
BL
EP S
R TB
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AJ ......
BE @K

AmB© J @@....

a{d H$m aS>V Amho? a{d aS>m`M H$m Wm§~bm?

TO
T
O
N

Vy eoOmè`m§~amo~a IoiVmog Ë`m Ioim§Mr Zmdo gm§J.

Vy eoOmè`m§~amo~a H$moUVr JmUr JmVmog Vr gm§J.
73
 Vwåhr d eoOmar {_iyZ H$aV Agboë`m H$m_m§Zm (3) Aer IyU H$a.

ED
H
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BE @K
TO
T
O
N

Vwåhr d eoOmar {_iyZ H$aV Agbobr BVa H$m_o gm§J.

74
 nmR>
12 Mbm Ioi Ioiy`m

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

{d{dY Ioim§Mr Zmdo gm§Jerb.

ED
H
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BL
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U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

75
 ED
H
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BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K

`oWo H$mhr Ioim§Mr {MÌo {Xbobr AmhoV. Ë`m§Mr Zmdo gm§J.

TO
T
O
N

76
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

77
R TB
EP S
U
BL
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H
ED
 Imbrb {MÌmV Io i mÀ`m dñVy {Xbo ë `m Amho V . Ë`m dñVy § M m
H$moUË`m IoimV dmna H$aVmV? gm§J.

ED
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78
`oWo bhmZ d _moR>m M|Sy> dmnê$Z Ioimd`mMo Ioi XmI{dbo AmhoV.

ED
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79
Vy ho M|Sy> dmnéZ Ioimd`mÀ`m BVa Ioim§Mr Zmdo gm§J.

ED
H
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BL
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U

Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m

BE @K

AmR>dS>`mMo gmV dma

gwÅ>rMm Vmo a{ddma
gmo_dmar Ioiy ìhm°br~m°b
TO

_§Jidmar Ioiy \y$Q>~m°b

T

H$ã~S>r Ioiy ~wYdmar

O

Imo Imo Ioiy Jwédmar

N

ewH«$dmar Ioiy {H«$Ho$Q> M|Sy>

e{Zdmar Ioiy {dQ>r Xm§Sy>
AmR>dS>çmMo dma gmV
IoimgmR>r Zmhr nwaV.

80
 N
Imbrb {MÌ a§Jd.

O
T
TO
BE @K

81
R TB
EP S
U
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 N
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BE @K

82
R TB
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ED
 nmR>
13
Amåhmbm ho nm{hOo

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

_wb^yV JaOm AmoiIyZ Ë`m§Mr `mXr H$aerb.
{MÌmVrb _wbo H$m` H$arV AmhoV? gm§J.

ED
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TO
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O
N

83
`oWo H$mhr dñVy {MÌmV XmI{dë`m AmhoV. Vwbm nm{hOo Agboë`m
dñVy§Zm aofoZo OmoS>.

ED
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TO
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84
_bm ^yH$ bmJbr Amho.
AmnU OodU H$é`m H$m?

ED
I SH
_b VhmZ bmJbr Amho. BL
EP S
R TB

Amhm! VhmZ bmJë`mg

U
_bm {nÊ`mg nmUr nm{hOo.
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

nmD$g gwé Pmbm. Mbm

Kar OmD$`m.

85
hdm, W§S>r, dmam, nmD$g
D$Z `mnmgyZ earamMo
ajU H$aÊ`mg
_bm H$nS>o nm{hOo.

ED
I SH
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K

_bm ídgZmgmR>r
hdm nm{hOo.
Zmhr H$m?
TO
T
O
N

AmnUm gdmªZm nmUr, Amhma, hdm, H$nS>o,

Ka hdoM. `m Am_À`m _yb^yV JaOm AmhoV.

86
 ED
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BL
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TO
T
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àmÊ`m§Zm hdm, nmUr d Amhma nm{hOo.

87
 ED
SH
dZñnVtZmgwÜXm hdm, nmUr d Amhma nm{hOo.

I
BL
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Mm¡H$moZmV Agboë`m aofmà_mUo ~mOybm Agboë`m [aH$må`m
R TB
U
Mm¡H$moZmV {MÌ H$mT> d a§J ^a.
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

88
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

89
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ED
{MÌo ~K. `mo½` {MÌmg_moa (3) Aer IyU H$a.
_bm {nÊ`mgmR>r nmUr

_bm ImÊ`mgmR>r \$io

ED
I SH
BL
EP S
R TB
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_bm amhÊ`mgmR>r Ka
BE @K
TO
T
O

_r dmnaV Agbobo H$nS>o

N

90
 nmR>
14 AmH$memVrb {_Ì

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

gy`©, M§Ð, Vmao AmoiIerb.
Vy AmH$memMo {ZarjU Ho$bg H$m? AmH$memV H$m` H$m` {XgVo?

ED
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91
{Xdgm Vwbm AmH$memV H$m` H$m` {XgVo? g_OyZ Ko. amÌr {Za^« AmH$memV
H$m` H$m` {XgVo. {_Ì _¡{ÌUtZm gm§J.
{MÌ nmhÿZ gm§J.
AmVm {Xdg Amho. AmH$memV Vwbm H$m` H$m` {XgVo ?

ED
I SH
BL
EP S
R TB
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BE @K

gy`© _mdië`mda H$m` hmoVo ? gm§J.

TO

amÌr AmH$memV H$m` H$m` {XgVo?

T
O
N

Vmao \$ma Xÿa Agë`mH$maUmZo {R>>nŠ`m gmaIo {XgVmV.

92
aofm AmoTy>Z OmoS>.

M§Ð

ED
SH
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Vmao
TO
T
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N

gy`©

93
{_Ì _¡{ÌUt~amo~a Ioi.
dJ©ImobrV EH$ Jmob H$mT>m. {MÌmV XmI{dë`mà_mUo gy`©, M§Ð d Vmao
H$mT>m.
gd©OU JmobmH$ma C^o amhÿZ Jmob {\$am.
EH$mbm {eQ>r _maÊ`mg gm§Jm. {eQ>r dmOdÊ`mMr ~§X hmoVmM OmJoda
Wm§~m. Wm§~boë`m OmJoda Agboë`m AmH$memVrb {_ÌmMo Zmd EHo$H$mZo
gm§Jm.

ED
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94
 Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
gy`© CJdbm àH$me ngabm
AmZ§X Pmbm _mÂ`m _Zmbm
n[aga gmam A{V COibm
Mbm OmD$`m Ioi Ioim`bm

Mm§XUo {eVb nhm ngabo

{eVb Vmam gwJ§Y ngao
AmH$memVrb Vmao _moOrV

ED
JmUo JmD$ em§V nUmZo

SH
bwH$bwH$Ë`m Mm§XUr Amhog {H$Vr Xÿa?
I
BL
EP S
_bm g_OV Zmhr Vy Jobrg H$er Xÿa?
R TB
U
{hè`mgmaIm àH$me VwPm ngao Iyn Xÿa
BE @K

Vwbm H$go a_Vo BVŠ`m Xÿa Xÿa Xÿa.

Vmè`m§Zmo Vmè`m§Zmo Vwåhr {H$VrOU AmhmV

Ago H$go Vw_Mo Ka Xÿa Xÿa AmH$memV
TO

niV niV Vw_À`m nmer Zmhr _r nmoMV

T

Ioiy, ZmMy AmZ§XmZo Vwåhr `m _mÂ`m gmo~V.

O
N

Ago H$a.
VwÂ`m {_Ì_¡{ÌUt~amo~a amÌr Vmao _moOÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$a.
{ejH$ AWdm _moR>çmH$Sy>Z gy`©, M§Ð, Vmao `m§Zm Agbobr g_mZmWu Zmdo
g_OyZ Ko.

95
 {MÌmV a§J ^a.

N
O
T
TO
BE @K

96
R TB
EP S
U
BL
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ED
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

97
R TB
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U
BL
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ED
 nmR>
15 Amnë`m g^modVmbr

`m nmR>mÀ`m AÜ``ZmZ§Va Vy,

ñWm{ZH$ n[agam~Ôb _m{hVr {_iderb.
Imbrb {MÌm§Mo {ZarjU H$a. Ë`m§Mr Zmdo gm§J. {ejH$ / d{S>bYmè`m§Mr
_XV Ko.

ED
I SH
BL
EP S
R TB
U
BE @K
TO
T
O
N

98
 N
O
T
TO
BE @K

99
R TB
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ED
 Imbrb {MÌo ~K. Ë`mn¡H$s VwÂ`m JmdmOdi Agë`mg (3)
Aer IyU H$a. Zgë`mg (7) Aer IyU H$a.
H«$.g§ VwÂ`m JmdmOdi IyU

ED
SH
im
© àmW{_H$ em
gaH$ma`orùnyiyUa, Vm.{O. ~oiJmdr

I
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2
R TB
U
BE @K
TO

3
T
O
N

100
 5

ED
I SH
BL
EP S
7
R TB
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BE @K
TO

8
T
O
N

VwÂ`m Jmdmg^modVr H$m` H$m` Amho? {ejH$ AWdm _moR>çm§er MMm© H$a.

101
 Imbrb {MÌmV a§J ^a.

N
O
T
TO
BE @K

102
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U
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 Jm Am{U AmZ§X bwQ>m
`oao XmXm `oJ VmB©
AmnU JmUo JmD$`m &
n[agamVrb J§_V Amåhr
gmao g_OyZ KoD$`m &&
nm| @ nm| @ H$aV ~g Ambr
añË`mda Ymdy bmJbr &
emiog_moa Wm§~br `oD$Z
Jmdr {ZKmbr bmoH$ KoD$Z &&

ED
Jmdm^modVr {hado _io

SH
gdmªgmR>r bhmZ Vio &

I
BL
EP S
Vù`mÀ`m H$mR>r V§~moao ~oS>H$m§Mo
R TB
U
nmÊ`mV ~Ky`m àH$ma _mí`m§Mo &&
BE @K

~mJ noé {Z Am§ã`mMr

Ë`mda ^aVo emim nú`m§Mr &
H$moH$sim JmVo gwñda JmU§
TO

_moa ZmMVmo amZmV N>mZ &&

Jmdm~mhoa H$ad§XmMr Omir
T
O

Xÿa O§JbmV dmKmMr S>aH$ir &

N

gmao {_iyZ KoD$ AmU

H$é n[agamMo ajU N>mZ &&

VwÂ`m JmdmOdiÀ`m {R>H$mUm§Zm {ejH$ qH$dm _moR>çm§À`m ~amo~a ^oQ> Xo.

{ZarjU H$a d {_Ìm§Zm gm§J.

103