Learning Competency:
• compares potential sources of media and information -
MIL11/12MIS-IIIe-13
Learning Objectives:
• identify different types of media and information sources (e.g., library,
internet, broadcast, print, social media)
• distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of media and
information
• explain the different kinds of source of information and methods on how to
gather information from them
ACTIVITY NO. 1
“Where do you usually get your
news or information from?”
ACTIVITY NO. 1
Media and
Information
Resources
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
ACTIVITY NO. 2
Source Sleuth Challenge
Identify what type of source each item is.
Rank them from most credible to least credible, based on
author, purpose, accuracy, and audience.
Justify their top 1 and bottom 1 choice in orally.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PONDER ME:
“A library is not a luxury but one of the necessities
of life.”
---By Henry Ward Beecher----
Guide Questions:
1. What is the message?
2. Do you agree with the message? Why or Why not?
MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Indigenous Sources
2. Library
3. Internet
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
is the distinctive knowledge kept to a specific group
of people
unique to a given
culture or society
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples for
them to develop and produce culturally appropriate
information in the languages understood by the community
utilizing indigenous materials and resources,
reflecting community needs and interests, visions and
aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
A group of Igorot pottery makers from Samoki, Mountain Province (c. 1910)
Courtesy to:https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/18246004349/
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
Local knowledge
Folk knowledge
People’s knowledge
Traditional wisdom, or traditional science
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
According to Brouwers (1993), it is “generated through a
systematic process of observing local conditions,
experimenting with solutions, and readapting previously
identified solutions to modified environmental, socio-
economic and technological situations.”
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
Indigenous knowledge is transferred from one generation to
another
oral tradition of communication
store information in memories
information exchange is face to-face
information are contain within the border of the community
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
• Locally appropriate
✓ signifies a way of life that has advanced with the local
conditions
• Restraint in resource exploitation
✓ Production is for survival needs only; only those necessary
for immediate survival are taken from the environment.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
• Diversified production systems
✓ no abuse of resources; various strategies are utilized to
avoid risks
• Respect for nature
✓ A ‘conservation ethic’ often exists. Here, the land is
treated as sacred.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
• Human dependence on nature for survival
✓ All species are interrelated; hence, one affects the other.
• Flexibility
✓ Indigenous knowledge means adapting to new
circumstances and being open to outside knowledge.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
• Social responsibility
✓ There are strong family and community ties, and with
them, feelings of obligation and responsibility to preserve
the land for future generations.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels
Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in
development and education programs that are irrelevant and
ineffective.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
can be defined as forms of media expression
conceptualized, produced, and circulated by
indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles for
communication
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INDIGENOUS SOURCES
FORMS INDIGENOUS MEDIA
Folk or Traditional Media
Gatherings and Social Organizations
Direct Observation
Records (written, carved, oral)
Oral Instruction
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
LIBRARY
As defined in Cambridge Dictionary, a library is “a
building, room, or organization that has a collection,
especially of books, music, and information that can
be accessed by computer for people to read, use, or
borrow.”
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
LIBRARY
SERVICES OFFERED:
• User services
✓ function in linking people to the information they are
looking for
• Technical services
✓ function in gathering, cataloging, and preparing library
materials
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
LIBRARY
SERVICES OFFERED:
• Computer services
✓ function in maintaining databases, software programming,
web page design, and computer hardware maintenance in
the library
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
LIBRARY
SERVICES OFFERED:
• Administrative services
✓ function in managing the library and services, conveying
contracts with sellers, supervising library employees, and
preparing budgets
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
LIBRARY
TYPES OF LIBRARY:
• Academic libraries serve colleges and universities
• Public libraries serve cities and towns of all types.
• School libraries serve students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
• Special libraries are in specific environments (e.g., hospitals,
corporations, museums, military, private business).
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
As defined in the Oxford Dictionary, the Internet is “a
global computer network providing a variety of
information and communication facilities, consisting
of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.”
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
UK (2018) describes the internet as a “network of
networks” consisting of millions of smaller domestic,
academic, business, and government networks.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Internet is also defined as the “worldwide publicly
accessible network of interconnected computer
networks that transmit data by packet switching
using the standard Internet Protocol (IP)” (Merriam
Dictionary).
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
It transmits information stored in files or documents on
one computer to another computer.
It transfers together several information and services,
such as file transfer, electronic mail, interlinked web
pages, online chat, and other documents of the World
Wide Web.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Search engines make this information easier to find.
All you must do is type one or more keywords, and the
search engine will look for relevant websites.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.google.com/ Google Search Engine
• is the best search engine in the world and it is also one of
most popular products from Google
• almost 70 percent of the Search Engine market has been
acquired by Google.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.bing.com/ Bing
• is Microsoft’s answer to Google and it was launched in 2009
• is the default search engine in Microsoft’s web browser
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.yahoo.com/ Yahoo
• is an American web services provider headquartered in
Sunnyvale, California, and owned by Verizon Media
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.baidu.com/ Baidu
• is the most used search engine in China and was founded in Jan,
2000 by Chinese Entrepreneur, Eric Xu
• this web search is made to deliver results for website, audio files and
images
• provides some other services including maps, news, cloud storage and
much more
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.aol.com/ Aol
✓ is also among the top search engines
✓ These are the guys that used to send out CD’s which you’d
load onto your PC to install their browser and modem
software.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.ask.com/ Ask Jeeves
✓ Founded in 1995, Ask.com.
✓ key concept was to have search results based on a simple question +
answer web format
✓ it is a question & answer community where you can get the answers
for your question, and it integrates a large amount of archive data
to answer your question.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Top 6 Best Search Engine websites in the World
• www.ask.com/ Ask Jeeves
✓ Because of this dependency on archived and active user
contributions the results will not be as current as those you
get in Google, Bing and Yahoo.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Other search engine websites are:
• www.excite.com
• www.DuckDuckGo.com
• www.WolframAlpha.com
• www.Yandex.com
• www.lycos.com
• www.chacha.com
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
INTERNET
Evaluating Information Found on the Internet
• Authorship
• Published body
• Accuracy and Verifiability
• Currency
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Things to Consider in Evaluating Information
1. Reliability
• The Information is said to be reliable if it can be
verified and evaluate. Others refer to the
trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the
reliability of information.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Things to Consider in Evaluating Information
2. Accuracy
• Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the
actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies,
depending on the type of information being evaluated.
Forecasts are like the actual data and financial values
are correct.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Things to Consider in Evaluating Information
3. Value
• The information is said to be valued if it aids the user in
making or improving decisions.
4. Authority
• The authority of the source is the one authored or published
the information and the credibility of the sources.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Things to Consider in Evaluating Information
5. Timeliness
• The source reliability, accuracy and value of information may
vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. It may
become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time
(thus making it less valuable). Other information may be
timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and
value throughout history.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Skills in Determining the Reliability of Information:
• Check the author
• Check the Date of publication or of update
• Check the citations
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Skills in Determining the Reliability of Information:
• Check the Domain or owner of the site / page
✓ .com – commercial
✓ .mil – military
✓ .edu – education
✓ .gov – government
✓ .org – nonprofit organization
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Skills in Determining Accurate Information
• Look for facts
• Cross-reference with other source for consistency
• Determine the reason for writing and publishing
the information
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
Other Classifications of Information Sources:
• PRIMARY SOURCES
• SECONDARY SOURCES
• TERTIARY SOURCES
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
refer to “original materials”
are materials from a certain period that have not been
filtered, modified through analysis, interpretation, or
evaluation
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
are the bases of other researches
are commonly the raw products of written texts (print or
electronic format)
show original thinking, present a discovery, or impart new
information
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
provide first-hand experience of events
INFORMATION
generally presented in its original form
• a work of literature or art
• an account of an event
• an experience; original documents
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
The following are examples of primary sources:
Artifact
• It refers to something made or
created by humans, such as a tool
or a work of art, especially an
object of archaeological interest. 19th century guidon holder from the
Philippines, wood with traces of gesso, HAAI
https://commons.wikimedia.org/
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
The following are examples of primary sources:
Diary
• It is a record with distinct entries
organized by date reporting on daily
activities or other periods. It can be
personal, which may include a person's
This is the last entry from William Viers Bouic's (my
experiences, thoughts, and/or feelings. Great Great Grandfather) law school diary
https://www.flickr.com/photos/bdorfman/15846725
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
The following are examples of primary sources:
Patent
• This is the granting of a right to an inventor by a
sovereign authority. This grant affords the
inventor exclusive rights to the patented process,
design, or invention for a designated period in
exchange for a comprehensive disclosure of the
invention.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
The following are examples of primary sources:
Audio/ Video Recording
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
Other examples:
✓ emails ✓ photographs ✓ literature
✓ interviews ✓ records of ✓ architecture
✓ journal articles organizations ✓ music
✓ letters ✓ research
✓ original birth and
survey results marriage
✓ minutes of the documents certificates
meeting ✓ speeches
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
written after an original product
aim to give reflection or analysis
In short: analyses interpretations evaluations
of primary sources
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
ARE NOT PROOF
but rather explanation on and discussion of evidence.
Maybe classified as:
index survey reference
type type type
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
• Indexes
✓ are typically found as one or more individual
volumes at the end of a set. Examples are
index, bibliography, indexing periodicals, and
abstracting periodicals
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
• Survey Type
✓ involves the product of examination or
description of someone or something. Examples
are reviews, treatises, and monographs.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
• Reference Type
✓ consists of materials collected from others’
works such as encyclopedia, dictionary,
handbook, manual and critical tables
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
provide second-hand accounts of events
include materials that have been reported, analyzed, or
interpreted by people who do not have first- hand
knowledge of an event.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION RESOURCES
TERTIARY SOURCES
are commonly confused with secondary sources
involve information that collects and organizes primary
and secondary sources
include bibliographies of bibliographies, directories and
yearbooks, guides to literature, and lists of research in
progress
