Question One
As we grow, we make new cells by mitosis and meiosis.
(i) The cells that are made can become specialised.
Figure 1 shows a diagram of a sperm cell.
Describe two ways in which the sperm cell is specialised.
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b) Explain the role of structure Z in fertilisation.
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(ii) Sperm cells have haploid nuclei.
Explain how a cell with a diploid nucleus can produce cells that have a haploid nucleus.
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(iii) Complete the table to show the results when a cell divides by mitosis or meiosis in
humans.
Human body cells, except gametes, have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Question Two
Figure 2 shows a diagram of a cell.
(i) Which row of the table identifies both structure P and structure Q?
(ii) Plant cells have a cell wall and a large vacuole.
Draw one straight line from each structure to its function.
Question Three
A student prepared some animal cells to view using a microscope.
Figure 3 shows the student preparing the cells.
Figure 3
(a) Name two pieces of laboratory equipment the student could have used to
prepare cells to view using a microscope.
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Figure 3.1 shows the student’s light microscope.
Figure 3.1
(b) Name part A.
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(c) What is the function of part B?
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(d) The student tried to look at the cells using the microscope.
Suggest one reason why the student could not see any cells when looking through part A.
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(e) Red blood cells are specialised animal cells.
Compare the structure of a red blood cell with the structure of a plant cell.
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(f) When placed into a beaker of water:
• a red blood cell bursts
• a plant cell does not burst.
Explain why the red blood cell bursts but the plant cell does not burst.
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