1.
Location
On the eastern tip of the Indochinese Peninsula sits the Southeast Asian nation of
Vietnam. It has a lengthy coastline along the South China Sea to the east and south, as
well as land borders with China to the north, Laos, and Cambodia to the west. In the
north, Hanoi serves as the capital, and in the south, the largest city is Ho Chi Minh City,
formerly known as Saigon.
2. History (Short Summary)
Vietnam has a rich and lengthy history that goes back thousands of years. The Red River
Delta was the birthplace of early Vietnamese civilization, which was shaped by river-
based communities and agriculture.
Ancient era: It is believed that the first Vietnamese state was established circa 2879 BCE
by the fabled Hùng Kings.
Before gaining independence in 938 CE following the Battle of Bạch Đằng, Vietnam was
ruled by China for more than a millennium.
Feudal dynasties: A number of dynasties ruled, extending their domains southward.
Vietnam was colonized by France as part of French Indochina in the middle of the 19th
century.
Under Hồ Chí Minh, Vietnam declared its independence in 1945 following decades of
resistance. The First Indochina War against France and the Vietnam War (1955–1975),
which concluded with the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, came next.
3. Demography
As of 2025, it had a population of about 100 million, ranking 15th in the world in terms
of population.
53 ethnic minorities, including the Tay, Thai, Muong, and Hmong, make up the majority
(roughly 85%) of the population.
● Language: Vietnamese is the official language.
● Religion: A blend of Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and
indigenous beliefs.
● Urbanization: The largest urban centers are Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, where
about 40% of the population resides.
Here’s the Political System of Vietnam with all the key indicators and types addressed:
Political System of Vietnam
1. Type of Government
● A socialist one-party system controlled by the sole recognized political party, the
Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).
2. Political Ideology
● As guiding principles, Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought were
combined.
3. Head of State & Government
● The president is the head of state, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and
the nation's diplomatic representative.
● The prime minister is in charge of the executive branch and day-to-day operations.
4. Legislature
● National Assembly (Unicameral)
● Highest representative body of the populace.
● Has legislative authority, enacts legislation, authorizes policies, and chooses
important state leaders.
5. Judiciary
● The highest court in the land is the Supreme People's Court.
●
● Law enforcement and prosecutions are supervised by the Supreme People's
Procuracy.
6. Administrative Divisions
58 provinces plus five municipalities under central authority (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City,
Hai Phong, Da Nang, and Can Tho).
7. Key Political Indicators
● Because of one-party rule, political stability is high.
● Perception of corruption: There are still issues (rated mid-to-low globally).
● Freedom: State control over the media, limited political pluralism.
● National Assembly elections are held every five years, but candidates need CPV
approval.
8. International Alliances
APEC, UN, WTO, and ASEAN member.
