Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The Airline Ticket Reservation System is a web-based platform designed to automate and simplify the
process of booking air tickets for passengers and managing flight-related information by airline staff. The
system ensures user convenience, operational efficiency, and secure data management, making airline
services accessible anytime and from anywhere.
1.2 Problem Statement
Traditional airline ticket booking systems are often manual, time-consuming, and prone to human error.
Passengers face difficulties in accessing flight schedules, checking ticket availability, and confirming
bookings. Administrative staff also struggle with managing large amounts of data, especially during peak
seasons. There is a need for a centralized, efficient, and user-friendly solution.
1.3 Objectives
• To develop an online ticket reservation system with real-time booking and cancellation.
• To provide secure user registration and login functionality.
• To enable admin users to manage flight, jet, and booking details.
• To reduce manual workload and errors through automation.
• To implement fast data lookup using hashing for optimal performance.
1.4 Scope and Limitation
Scope:
• Real-time booking and cancellation system
• Admin panel for flight and passenger management
• Secure login system
Limitations:
• No real payment gateway integration (simulated only)
• Does not support mobile application
• Only supports single airline management
1.5 Development Methodology
The project follows the Waterfall Model, a linear and sequential development methodology. It includes the
phases of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
1.6 Report Organization
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Background Study and Literature Review
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• Chapter 3: System Analysis and Design
• Chapter 4: Implementation and Testing
• Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Recommendations
Chapter 2: Background Study and Literature Review
2.1 Background Study
The Airline Ticket Reservation System builds upon fundamental software engineering principles and data
management concepts. The key concepts involved include:
• Client-Server Architecture: A system in which clients request services and servers provide them.
• Hashing: Efficient data lookup using associative mapping.
• Relational Database Systems: MySQL is used to store flight, ticket, and user data.
• PHP & HTML/CSS: Used for server-side logic and frontend user interfaces.
2.2 Literature Review
Various online platforms such as IRCTC, ClearTrip, and Indigo Airlines offer digital reservation systems.
Academic research and similar projects emphasize the importance of secure access, scalable backend, and
user-centric design. Studies reveal that automated systems drastically reduce human error, increase
booking efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction.
Chapter 3: System Analysis and Design
3.1 System Analysis (Structured Approach)
3.1.1 Requirement Analysis
i. Functional Requirements
• User Registration and Login
• Ticket Booking and Cancellation
• Admin can add/view/manage flights and jets
Use Case Description (Examples):
• Use Case: Book Ticket
• Actor: Registered User
• Description: User selects flight and books ticket
ii. Non-functional Requirements
• Security of user data
• Availability and reliability
• Easy navigation and user-friendly UI
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3.1.2 Feasibility Analysis
• Technical Feasibility: Uses PHP, MySQL, HTML/CSS—free and well-supported.
• Operational Feasibility: Easy for users to understand and operate.
• Economic Feasibility: Low development cost; uses open-source technologies.
3.1.3 Data Modelling: ER Diagram
(Include ER diagram with entities: Flight, User, Booking, Jet, Admin)
3.1.4 Process Modelling: DFD
• Level 0: User → Booking System
• Level 1: User selects flight → System checks availability → Confirms booking
3.1.5 Object Modelling
• Class Diagram includes: User, Flight, Booking, Admin, Jet
3.1.6 Dynamic Modelling
• State Diagram: Ticket status (Pending → Confirmed → Cancelled)
• Sequence Diagram: User books a ticket → System processes → Ticket issued
3.1.7 Process Modelling: Activity Diagram
• Start → Login/Register → Search Flights → Book/Cancel → End
3.2 System Design
3.2.1 Architectural Design
Client-Server model: Web browser (Client) → PHP/MySQL (Server)
3.2.2 Database Schema Design
• Tables: users, flights, bookings, jets, admins
• Fields: id, username, password, flight_no, pnr, status, etc.
3.2.3 Interface Design
• Login, Registration, Booking Form, Admin Dashboard
• Focus on usability and clarity
3.2.4 Physical DFD
Represents actual database tables and how they relate to process and data stores.
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3.2.5 Refinement of Classes and Objects
Breakdown into specific methods (e.g., bookTicket(), cancelTicket())
3.2.6 Component Diagram
Shows web server, database server, and modules (booking, admin, login)
3.2.7 Deployment Diagram
Includes local machine, web server, and database connections
3.3 Algorithm Details
• Hashing algorithm used to map PNR values to ticket records for fast search and retrieval.
Chapter 4: Implementation and Testing
4.1 Implementation
4.1.1 Tools Used
• PHP (Backend)
• MySQL (Database)
• HTML/CSS (Frontend)
• VS Code (IDE)
4.1.2 Implementation Details of Modules
• User Module: registerUser(), loginUser()
• Booking Module: bookTicket(), cancelTicket()
• Admin Module: addFlight(), manageJet(), viewBookings()
4.2 Testing
4.2.1 Test Cases for Unit Testing
• Test user login with valid/invalid credentials
• Test ticket booking for available/unavailable seats
4.2.2 Test Cases for System Testing
• End-to-end test from login → booking → cancellation
• Admin flight management tests
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Recommendations
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5.1 Conclusion
This project successfully implements a secure, user-friendly airline reservation system with features for real-
time ticket booking and admin management. It demonstrates practical application of database systems,
web development, and algorithm optimization.
5.2 Lesson Learnt / Outcome
• Learned how to integrate frontend and backend
• Gained practical experience in PHP-MySQL integration
• Understood the application of hashing in real-world systems
5.3 Future Recommendations
• Add mobile application support
• Integrate real payment gateway
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Implement multi-airline support
