Community

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Concept of Community
Collection of people who interact with one another
and whose common interests or characteristics form
the basis for a sense of unity or belonging
Community assessment Systematic process
It’s a process of collecting data about the community
and analyzing this data, and finally arriving at the
status and needs of the community based on this
investigation, the summary statement of conclusion
can be called diagnosis.

Purposes of community assessment

• To identify its needs.
• To know the health status of resident.
• To identify high risk groups.
• To identify and allocate resources.
• To identify needs of ethnic and minority.
• To accomplish health planning and
facilitate policy making.
• To identify strengths and weaknesses of
community.

Three Types of Communities

1. Geographic— city, town, neighborhood
2. Common interest— church, professional
organization, people with mastectomies
3. Community of solution— group of people
who come together to solve a problem
that affects all of them

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• Community health— “identification of

needs and the protection and
improvement of collective health within a
geographically defined area”
definition of C.H.N is nurse practice includes nursing
care directed to individuals, families, and groups, the
dominant responsibility are to the population as a
whole

Goals of community health nursing→ →←

Wiess
1.To describe the characteristics of the community and the factors
that influences its health.
2.To identify the most common health problems and diseases in the
community. DM
, HTN
3.To discover the health needs of the community.
4.To determine the priority of the needs for health problems.
5.To identify the community health resources in order to implement
the plans for the resolution of health problem.

Components of Community Health Practice

@ Promotion of health
• All efforts that seek to move people closer to
optimal well- being or higher levels of wellness
by:
1. Increase the span of healthy life
for all citizens
2. Reduce health disparities among
population groups
3. Achieve access to preventive
services for everyone →
*
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primaries Healthcare €21

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Example : health education

programs, exercising
② Prevention of health problems
• Anticipating and averting problems or
discovering them as early as possible to
minimize potential disability and
impairment
• Three levels
i. Primary: Keep illness or injury
'd from occurring or action to be
-5 taken prior the onset of

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@disease→
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By Health promotion and or specific prevention

④ Good nutrition Health promotion
:} Health education Immunization
* healthy life style
① Nutrient supplementation to prevent
specific deficiency
B.
⑤ Example: encourage elderly people to use safety
devices to prevent injuries from fall
÷ ii. Secondary: Efforts to detect
and treat existing disease
identify high risk and stop the
progress of disease include
the following measures :

Early detection ,proper treatment ,control the

enviremoent and surveillance

Example: hypertension and cholesterol

programs to identify high risk individual and
encourage early treatment

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iii. Tertiary: Reduce the extent

and severity of a health
problem to its lowest possible
level to minimize disability and
restore or preserve function
Rehabilitation

Example: treatment and management of DM to

reduce complication

Roles of Community Health Nurses

 As Care Provider
 As Educator
 As Manager
 As Leader
 As Collaborator
The CH. Nurse, being a member of the health team,
assumes the role of collaborator between the different
personnel of the team

 Liaison→ &sj& Eats a

.

provides and maintain connection and

communication between client and health care
provider
 As Advocate
helps the client to gain greater independence

 As Researcher
It helps to identify needs, evaluate effectiveness of
care, and develop theoretical basis for CHN practice
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*The Home health process

1- Referral is the first step of home healthcare system
process
It started from:
Patient
Family social service agency
Physician

2- assessment : The initial evaluation and admission

visits are made by an RN within 24 to 48nhours of
referral
3- Planning
4- Implementation
5- documentation
6- Discharge planning

High risk families need home care

i. Recovering from an illness
ii. Undergoing treatment
iii. Disabled
iv. Terminally and chronically ill

Scope of home health care practice

 Wound dressing
 O stomy care
 Intravenous therapy
 Administering medication

Characteristics of home health nurses

 Skilled
 Self- motivated
 Innovative
 Independent decision maker

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Steps in home visiting

:
Initial phase collects information from clinical and others records
before planning to visit
Action phase should use their effective communications skills to
implement the nursing process ,practice a variety of roles

:
Termination phase nurse patient goal are reached ,record and
evaluation of home visit

Types of families
1. Nuclear husband ,wife and kids
2. Single adult families one adult living alone either by choice or
because of separation divorce or death
3. Extended family nuclear + relativesS9goo@ofj.ofso.Isi.s
4. Single parent family one adult caring for a child
5. Childless family group of people for whatever reason have
never had children
6. Blended family inclusion of children from a previous
relationship in a new living situation

Let's practice!
A community health nurse visits a recently widowed retired military
client. When the nurse visits, the ordinarily immaculate house is in
chaos, and the client is disheveled and has an alcohol type of odor on
his breath. Which therapeutic statement should the nurse make to the
client?→ ME # Sissi
A. “I can see this isn’t a good time to visit.” Non therapeutic Avoidance
B. “You seem to be having a very troubling time.” Reflection
C. “Do you think your wife would want you to behave like this?”
D. “What are you doing? How much are you drinking and for how
long?”

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A community health nurse is caring for a group of homeless people.

What is the most immediate concern when planning for the potential
needs of this group?
A. Finding affordable housing for the group
B. Setting up a 24- hour crisis center and hotline
C. Providing peer support through structured support groups
D. Ensuring that adequate food, shelter, and clothing are available

An older couple was emotionally despondent when their home was

severely damaged by flooding. When planning for the couple’s initial
needs, what intervention should the community health nurse
implement?
A. Contacting their families
B. Attending to their emotional needs
C. Arranging for the repair of their home
D. Attending to their basic physiological needs

Immunization is consider an example of

A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. All the above

Nurse plan community program to those who experienced a disease

and assess the recovery or rehabilitation or dis ability Which level of
prevention?
A- primary
B- secondary
C- tertiary
D- all the above

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What is an example of primary level of prevention?

A- how to be smoking cessation.
B- Given education on HIV to high school students.
C- teach about the management of DM
D- All of the above

O ccupational therapy for CVA patient is consider an example of?

A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. All of the above

Mrs. Ahmed attends a local screening for hypertension offered by the

MO H. the community health nurse determines that Mrs. Ahmed has
high blood pressure. Discovering hypertension at such a screening is
considered?
A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. tertiary prevention
D. assessment not prevention

Teaching children about health lifestyles is which type of prevention?

A. primary prevention
B. secondary prevention
C. tertiary prevention
D. all of the above

The community health nurse is instructing a group of young female

clients about breast self examination. The nurse should instruct the
clients to perform the examination at which time?
A. At the onset of menstruation
B. Every month during ovulation
C. Weekly at the same time of day
D. 1 week after menstruation begins

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The school nurse provides teaching about the hazards of smoking to a

group of high school students. Which comment by a student indicates
the need for additional teaching?
A. “Chewing tobacco is much safer than is smoking tobacco.”
B. “Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth.”
C. “My health is at risk when my family smokes in the house.”
D. “Inhaling smoke from other people is a public health issue.”

An infection control nurse is responsible to conduct the surveillance on

how the hospital staff take precautionary measure against flu, based
on her findings, she is responsible to conduct the awareness rating
sessions for doctors and nurses in the patient areas. - which of the
following is the goal of nursing practice here?
A. infection control management
B. research and survey
C. primary prevention
D. health education

A nurse who works in the surgical unit at one of the hospitals was
asked by the home health care nurse to make a home visit to a patient
with colostomy, who had been discharged the previous day in order to
give him a follow- up care and education which of the following nurses
should do the assigned task?
A. Critical care nurse
B. Psychiatric nurse
C. Surgical nurse
D. Community nurse

Which role of PHN means provides and maintain connection and

communication between client and health care provider?
A. Collaborator→ * Him .

B. Coordinator
C. Liaison→a
D. Change agent

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Which goal is an aim of public surveillance?

A. To rapidly detect the introduction and early cases of a pandemic
disease
B. To serve as an early warning system to detect increases in illness in
the community
C. To monitor a pandemic's impact on health
D. To track trends in community disease activity and identify
populations that are severely affected

The community nurse was providing home visit for a family to give
health instruction. The nurse observed while she entered the garage,
she was finding the car's oil had expired. What would you do?
A. get rid of oil and throw it away junk.
B. Call to the company and change it.
C. Use the oil
D. Give it to the neighbors.

The Saudi Ministry of health is developing education health program.

All clerks not aware for the program and not have skills to deal. What
should the authority do?
A. Survey
B. Gap analysis
C. SWO T analysis
D. DO nothing
The community health care Facility observed low response for
immunizations activities. Then it decided to teach people about
immunizations and the importance for applying it. What would
improve the effect of response?
A. Modify immunizations program schedule.
B. Provide more health teaching programs.
c. force them to get the vaccination
D- all of the above

Why should the community nurse know about the disease in other
countries?
A- To give patient needs accordingly.
B- To know the perveance of the disease in certain country.
C- To help countries for solutions
D- To make research and studies
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There is a new community nurse assigned to work in a Makkah, one of

the most multicultural cities in Saudi Arab has to interact with
multicultural population every day. What is the most important step
the nurse should do before with the clients?
A. Asking the client about his/her cultural background
B. Conducting an appropriate culturological assessment.
C. Ensuring that the client has his/her a privacy.
D. Looking at the client's file to take history.

The community midwife has just finished an educational session with a

group of women regarding maternal health and annual gynecological
examination along with mammogram and Pap smear testing. What
outcome is the most desired?
A. Disease prevention.
B. Increased healthy living.
C. Early detection of related issues.
D. Strengthened marital relationship.

Jizan province is poised to achieve malaria elimination. There is a need

to change from a policy of passive case detection to reactively and
proactively detecting infectious reservoirs that require new approaches
to surveillance. For discovering health problems and diseases inside the
community. What is the priority of surveillance ?
A. Social surveillance
B. Financial surveillance and previous health diseases .
C. Incidence and prevalence of the health diseases.
D. Financial surveillance survey only

Home Health Care Department is newly established in a hospital. At

launch, nurses asked the charge nurse about work at this department
Which of the following is the first step of home health care?
A. Referral
B. Planning
C. Home visit
D. Assessment
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A new community nurse in the rural clinics has to have good

background about the health status of the community in order to
assess their needs What is the appropriate way to assess the health
status of the community?
A. Home visit
B. Community assembly
C. Mass information campaign
D. Community health assessments

& Mother of nine children, three of them with congenital anomalies

down syndrome; she is a primary school graduate, with low first status.
She is not using any method of family planning. According primary
health care nurse has referred her counseling. Which of the following
phases of home visit accomplishes intervention?
A. Initial
B. Closing
C. Action
D. Terminal

To ensure that the client self- administers medications safely in the

home, which action plan should the nurse implement?
A. Perform a pill count of each prescription bottle at every home visit.
B. Instruct the client to double up on a medication when a dose is
missed.
C. Provide information on the purpose of all the prescribed
medications.
D. Ask the client to explain and demonstrate self- administration
procedures

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Mother of nine children, three of them with congenital an down

syndrome; she is a primary school graduate, with status. She is not
using any method of family planning. So Health care nurse has
referred her for counseling which of the following must be focused on
by the community nurse to provide an effective health education?
A. Educate regardless realistic objectives
B. Use clear and concise language
C. Use scientific terms during explanation
D. Explain the negative consequences in the family

Mother of nine children, three of them with congenital anomalies and

one down syndrome: she is a primary school graduate, with low
financial status. She is not using any method of family planning. So,
the primary health care nurse has referred her for counseling. Which
of the following indicates that the summarizes the important points
during counseling?
A. Provision broad ideas to the client
B. Restatement for better understanding
C. Keeping silent while the client asking questions
D. Interpreting feelings and resistance of the client
Prone ÷
Position
Community Nursing nurse is planning a follow- up visit to a family
E.
after their firstborn child died from Sudden Infant Death- Syndrome
(SIDS). Which action is the most important for the nurse to include in
the initial visit?
A. Help the family in planning for future children
B. Make a referral for genetic counselling and education
C. Allow time for the parents to express their anger Quasi .

D. Educate the family on the causes of SIDS Alannysiopen :

Which step in community organizing involves training of potential
leaders in the community?
A. Integration
B. Community organization
C. Community study
D. Core group formation
B. for posipd leader
chose
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Which is true of primary facilities?

A. They are usually government- run.

B. Their services are provided on an out- patient basis.
C. They are training facilities for health professionals.
D. A community hospital is an example of this level of health facilities.

Which level of health facility is the usual point of entry of a client into
the health care delivery system?

A. Primary
B. Secondary B
C. Intermediate→•
Ds BW.io .

D. Tertiary ☐

A 2- month old infant was brought to the health center for

immunization. During assessment, the infant's temperature registered
at 38.1°C. Which is the best course of action that you will take?

A. Go on with the infant's immunizations.

B. Give Paracetamol and wait for his fever to subside.
C. Refer the infant to the physician for further assessment.
Advise the infant's mother to bring him back for immunization when
he is well.

soo .si

.MX ideas
D.

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A mother brought her 10 month old infant for consultation because of

fever, which started 4 days prior to consultation. To determine •
malaria
risk, what will you do? end ionic

A. Do a tourniquet test.
B. Ask where the family resides.
C. Get a specimen for blood smear.
D. Ask if the fever is present everyday.

What immunization produce a permenant scar?

A.BCG
B.hep b
C.DPT
D.measles

Great things happen to those who don’t stop believing ,trying,

LEARNING ,and being grateful.
Don’t STO P until you become a RN

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