PART B: VOCATIONAL SKILLS (40 MARKS)

Digital Documentation (Advanced)

Important terms:
1. Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal placement of a graphic in relation to the chosen anchor point.
2. A Template is a model that you use to create other documents.
3. A table is a grid, an arrangement of rectangles, or cells, in rows and column.
4. A column is a grouping of cells that run from the top to the bottom of a page.
5. Row is a grouping of cells that run from the left to right of a page.
6. The intersection point between a row and a column is a cell.
7. Paragraphs can be used to break continuous text to one or more sentences.
8. Default tab stop position is 0.5”.
9. Headers can be used for inserting information at the top of each page automatically.
10. Footers can be used for inserting information at the bottom of each page automatically.
11. Styles/Style Sets are customized options for creating professional looking documents with the minimum efforts.
12. Templates or document templates refer to a Sample fill in the blank document.
13. Creating a new document based on a template can save you time & effort because all the work it takes to
design the document has already been done.
14. Embedding an object makes it part of the document while linking an object does not include the object file
into the document files.
15. Readers trying to access the linked object must also have direct access to the separate file that forms that
object.
16. Clip Art can help in making a document look colourful and presentable.
17. After you have inserted the picture, you can wrap the text by using the Wrap Text option.
18. Krishna wants to make a flowchart for his programs in a Word document. Which option should he use to
accomplish this task efficiently?
Ans.-> Drawing/Shapes
19. Fatima has inserted a picture in a document. But she wants to cut off a part of the picture. Which option she
should use to accomplish the task?
Ans.-> Crop
20. You want to invite her friends and family members to the party. Which feature will you use to send the same
invite to many people with different addresses without typing it again and again?
Ans.-> Mail Merge
21. In a word processor, Keep ratio option is selected for a scaled resizing of an image.
22. In the custom styles, each Black field on the Structure line represents a blank space in a document.
23. A Datasource is a collection of records that store data in Mail merge.
24. To increases the contrast of an image, sharpen option is used in a document.
25. Open Office Writer evaluates 10 levels of heading to build the Table of contents.
26. Fill Format mode is used to apply a style to many different areas of a document quickly without going back to
styles and formatting window in writer.

Important Questions and Answers:

Q1.What is the utility of text wrapping in a document?
Ans.-> Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap around the
graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a separate
paragraph or character.

Q2.What do you understand by Anchoring?

Ans.-> Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or frame where the
object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an anchor point.

Q3. What do you understand by a table? Why is it used?

Ans.-> A table is a grid, an arrangement of rectangles, or cells, in rows and column. You can use tables to format all
or part of your document into columns and rows. You need tables because they are the best way to organize
graphics, columns, headings and rows.

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Q4. How can we create our own styles?
Ans.-> We can create our own styles in two ways:
(a)Creating a new style from a selection
You can create a new style by copying an existing manual format. This new style applies only to this
document; it will not be saved in the template.
1. Open the Styles and Formatting window and choose the type of style you want to create.
2. In the document, select the item you want to save as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, click on the New Style from Selection icon.
4. In the Create Style dialog, type a name for the new style. The list shows the names of existing custom
styles of the selected type.
5. Click OK to save the new style.
(b)Dragging and dropping to create a style
You can drag and drop a text selection into the Styles and Formatting window to create a new style.
Select some text and drag it to the Styles and Formatting window. If Paragraph Styles are active, the paragraph
style will be added to the list. If Character Styles are active, the character style will be added to the list.

Q5. List some methods of inserting images in a text document.

Ans.-> Some methods of inserting images in a text document are:
*Drag and drop
* Insert Picture dialog
*Inserting an image from the clipboard
*Inserting an image using a scanner
* Inserting an image from the Gallery
Q6.What are styles? What are the advantages of using styles?
Ans.-> A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other elements in your
document to quickly change their appearance. When you apply a style, you apply a whole group of formats at the
same time.
Styles help improve consistency in a document. They also make major formatting changes easy. For example, you may
decide to change the indentation of all paragraphs, or change the font of all titles. For a long document, this simple
task can be prohibitive. Styles make the task easy.

Q7. Elaborate four different types of styles which can be provided in a Word Processor.
Ans.-> OpenOffice.org supports the following types of styles:
• Page styles include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page styles also include
the sequence for printing sheets.
• Paragraph styles control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment, tab stops, line spacing,
and borders, and can include character formatting.
• Character styles affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or bold and italic
formats.
• Frame styles are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders, backgrounds, and
columns.
• Numbering styles apply similar alignment, numbering or bullet characters, and fonts to numbered or bulleted
lists.
• Cell styles include fonts, alignment, borders, background, number formats (for example, currency, date,
number), and cell protection.
• Graphics styles in drawings and presentations include line, area, shadowing, transparency, font, connectors,
dimensioning, and other attributes.
• Presentation styles include attributes for font, indents, spacing, alignment, and tabs.
Q8.What do you understand by Arrangement?
Ans.-> Arrangement refers to the placement of a graphic on an imaginary vertical axis. Arrangement controls how
graphics are stacked upon each other or relative to the text.

Q9. What do you understand by Merging of Cells?

Ans.-> Merging of cells means turning two or more cells into one cell or combining two or more cells into one cell.

Q10. List any five items that can be added to the header area.
Ans.-> company or department name, logo, page numbers, name of the author, etc.
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Q11. What are templates? What are the advantages of using templates?
Ans.-> A template is a model that you use to create other documents. For example, you can create a template for
business reports that has your company’s logo on the first page. New documents created from this template will all
have your company’s logo on the first page.
Templates can contain anything that regular documents can contain, such as text, graphics, a set of styles, and user-
specific setup information such as measurement units, language, the default printer, and toolbar and menu
customization.

Q12.What do you understand by Splitting of Cells?

Ans.-> Splitting of cell means to split a cell into number of cells. For this you should have a table already created.

Q13.What is the use of Table of contents feature in a document? List the characteristics of a good ‘Table of
content’ in a word processor.
Ans.-> Table of contents feature lets you build an automated table of contents from the headings in your
document. Before you start, make sure that the headings in your document are styled consistently. For example, you
can use the Heading 1 style for chapter titles and the Heading 2 and Heading 3 styles for chapter subheadings.
A good table of content has the following characteristics:
• It should be easy to read and simple to use.
• It should be organised and formatted properly.
• It must be accurate and easily accessible.
• It should be given after the title and copyright page.
Q14.What does the structure line display? What does each button on the structure line represent?
Ans.-> The Structure line displays the elements for entries in that level. Each button on the Structure line
represents one element:
• The E# button represents the chapter number.
• The E button represents the entry text.
• The T button represents a tab stop.
• The # button represents the page number.
• The LS button represents the start of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the default
Structure line.)
• The LE button represents the end of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the default
Structure line.)
• Each white field on the Structure line represents a blank space.
Q15. What are Objects in a Word processing software?
Ans.-> WordPerfect and OpenOffice also allow us to blend in other special features. These features are generally
known as “objects”. These objects can be almost any form that can be generated as a computer file. Sounds, Music,
drawings, documents spreadsheets, etc. are all examples of possible objects that you can include in a document, or
link to a document.
Q16. List some word wrapping options available in a word processing software.
Ans.-> In Line with Text, Square, Tight, Through, Top and Bottom, Behind Text, In Front of Text, etc.

Q17. What are Clip arts? List any two websites that offer free clipart.
Ans.-> Clip arts are pre-defined images available for use in documents. Clip Art can help in making a document look
colourful and presentable.
Some of the websites that have free clip arts are:
• www.openclipart.org • www.pdclipart.org • www.clker.com • www.freeclipartnow.com • www.wpclipart.com

Q18. Explain the following briefly, which will help Tanmay better understand the Mail Merge options.
1. Merge Field 2. Data Source 3. Main Document
4. Mention two types of data on which mail merge can be applied.
Ans.-> 1. Merge Field: A merge field is where you want to insert the information from a data source into a main
document. Merge fields appear with chevrons (« »).
2. Data Source: Data source is a file that contains the names and addresses or any other information that vary with
each version of a mail-merge document.
3. Main Document: Main document is the document which contains text and graphics. It may be a formal or an
official letter.
4. Two types of data on which mail merge can be applied are Labels and Letters.

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 Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)
Important terms:
1. Share Workbook option is available in Changes group under the Review tab.
2. Shared workbooks don’t allow merging cells, conditional formatting & inserting pictures or graphs.
3. Solver is specifically designed to minimize or maximize the result according to a set of rules that you define in a
spreadsheet.
4. Scenario is a tool to test “what-if” questions.
5. formulas in a Spreadsheet must begin with a = sign.
6. The intersection point between a row and column is called Cell.
7. Hyperlinks can be used in a spreadsheet software to jump to a different location from within a spreadsheet and
can lead to other parts of the current file, to different files or even to web sites.
8. Rohit scored 25 out of 30 in English, 22 out of 30 in Maths. He wants to calculate the score in IT he needs to
achieve 85 percent in aggregate. Suggest him the suitable option out of the following to do so.
Ans.-> Goal Seek
9. Krish and Kritika have done a survey of age wise literacy rates of their locality as a school project, which they
have created in a Spreadsheet. They both want to work simultaneously to complete it on time. Which option they
should use to access the same Spreadsheet to speed up their work.
Ans.-> Shared Worksheet
10. Two types of page orientation are Portrait & Landscape.
11. Assigning names to cells in a worksheet help you to locating specific cells.
12. The Define Name option is available under Defines Names group in the Formulas tab.
13. Sort helps you arrange the selected data either in an ascending or descending order.
14. Using filter you can extract data based on conditions.
15. Sort option is available in Sort & Filter group under the Data tab.
16. Filter option is available in Sort & Filter group under the Data tab.
17. Linking cells from different Worksheets / Spreadsheets helps you to summarize data from different sources.
18. Linking data helps you help to keep information Up to date without editing at multiple locations.
19. Filter feature is used to extract the data using some conditions on columns.
20. When you open a new spreadsheet, by default, it has a sheet named Sheet1 which is managed using tabs at the
bottom of the spreadsheet.
21. Reviewers and authors can add their Comments to explain their changes in the cell of Spreadsheet.
22. In Calc, Arguments passed to a macro from Calc are always Value.
23. In a spreadsheet using to create a hyperlink to a web FTP or Telnet, click on the internet icon available in
Hyperlink dialog box.
24. A Cell Reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used to find the values or data
that you want formula to calculate.
25. Solver can help to clarify the relation between cells while using “Multiple Operations”.
26. Sheet tab is the part of a Spreadsheet using which a user can manage multiple sheets.
27. Spreadsheet software can find the changes by comparing sheets.
28. A colored border, with a dot in the upper left-hand corner, appears around a cell where changes are made in a
shared worksheet.
29. Record changes feature of Calc helps to track what data was changed, when the change was made, who made the
change and in which cell the change has occurred.

Important Questions and Answers:

Q1. Define the following: a) Subtotals b) Consolidating Data

Ans.-> a) Subtotals : Subtotal adds data arranged in an array—that is, a group of cells with labels for columns
and/or rows. It is available in Data Tab, using the Subtotals dialog, you can select arrays, and then choose a
statistical function such as Count, Min, Max etc. to be applied on arrays. For efficiency, one must choose up to three
groups of arrays to which to apply a function.
b) Consolidating Data: Consolidate provides a graphical interface for copying data from one range of cells to
another, then running one of a dozen functions on the data. During consolidation, the contents of cells from several
sheets can be combined in one place.

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Q2. What is the use of Macros in a Spreadsheet?
Ans.-> Macros help in saving time in cases when the same set of tasks are to be done repeatedly like formatting or
applying a similar formula in a similar range of data. It can be used to name and record a set of actions or set of
actions.

Q3. Differentiate between Relative and Absolute Hyperlinks with the help of an example.
Ans.-> An absolute hyperlink will stop working only if the target is moved. A relative hyperlink will stop working only
if the source and target locations change relative to each other. Suppose, if you have two spreadsheets in the same
folder linked to each other and you move the entire folder to a new location, a relative hyperlink will not break a link.

Q4. What is the use of “what if” scenarios? Discuss.

Ans.-> Scenarios are a tool to test “what-if” questions. Use Tools > Scenarios to enter variable
contents—scenarios—in the same cell. Each scenario is named, and can be edited and formatted
separately, and chosen from a drop-down list in the Navigator and the title bar of the scenario.
When you print the spreadsheet, only the contents of the currently active scenario are printed.
By adding a scenario, you can quickly change the arguments of a formula and view the new results. For
example, if you wanted to calculate different interest rates on an investment, you could add a
scenario for each interest rate, and quickly view the results. If you had another formula that
calculated your yearly income and included the result of the interest rate formula as an argument, it
would also be updated. If all your sources of incomes used scenarios, you could efficiently build a
complex model of your possible income.

Q5. How Multiple Operations tool used for providing alternate versions of formulas?
Ans.- Like scenarios, Multiple Operations is a planning tool for “what if” questions. Unlike a
scenario, the Multiple Operations tool does not present the alternate versions in the same cells or
with a drop-down list. Instead, the Multiple Operations tool creates a formula array: a separate set
of cells that give all the alternative results for the formulas used. Although the tool is not listed
among the functions, it is really a function that acts on other functions, allowing you to calculate
different results without having to enter and run them separately.

Q6. What is the use of Goal Seek tool?

Ans.- Goal Seek reverses the usual order for a formula. Usually, you run a formula to get the result
when certain arguments are entered. By contrast, with Goal Seek, you work with a completed formula
to see what values you need in an argument to get the results that you want.

Q7. What is the use of Solver tool in Open Office Calc Spreadsheet?
Ans.- Solver amounts to a more elaborate form of Goal Seek. The difference is that the Solver deals
with equations with multiple unknown variables. It is specifically designed to minimize or maximize
the result according to a set of rules that you define.

Q8. What is a cell reference? Why is it used?

Ans.- A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used to find the values or data
that you want formula to calculate.
In one or several formulas, you can use a cell reference to refer to:
Data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
Data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
Data on other worksheets in the same workbook.

Q9. What is conditional formatting? Explain “sort” and “filter” feature available in spreadsheet?
Ans.-> Conditional formatting allows you to change the formatting (font color, border, shading) of the cells based
on the values in it.
For example
Highlight the marks of the students who got marks greater than 80 with green colored text.
Sort helps you arrange the selected data either in an ascending or descending order.
Using filter you can extract data based on conditions.

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Q10. Given the Following Spreadsheet, Write the appropriate Formula/ Expression/ Function to be used for
(a) to (e)

a) Write formula to calculate the Total Qty(C4:C7)) in cell C8

Ans.-> =SUM(C4:C7)

b) Write the feature used for arranging the Price from Highest to Lowest
Ans.-> Sort in ‘Sort and Filter’ group under Data tab.

c) To find the Product with Maximum Price to be written in Cell D10

Ans.-> =MAX(D4:D7)

d) To find the Average Qty to be written in cell C9

Ans.-> =AVERAGE(C4:C7)

e) Write formula to calculate the Total Amount in cell E8

Ans.-> =SUM(E4:E7)

********************

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 Database Development (Basic)
Important terms:
1. A Database is an organized collection of data.
2. A DBMS is a software package that can be used for creating and managing databases.
3. A RDBMS is a database management system that is based on the relational model.
4. Three popular DBMS software are MS. Access, OO Base, & SQL Server.
5. A Table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical columns and horizontal rows.
6. A Column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table is known as an attribute
or a field.
7. A row represents a single, data item in a table is known as a record or tuple.
8. Datatypes are used to identify which type of data we are going to store in the database.
9. A Primary Key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
10. Types of languages used for creating and manipulating the data in the Database are DDL & DML.
11. A DDL is a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database.
12. A DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database.
13. A Query Language is a part of DML involving information retrieval only.
14. A popular data manipulation language is SQL.
15. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER and DROP.
16. Common DML statements are SELECT, INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE.
17. To design a table, you need to select Create Table in Design View option available under Task.
19. A Form helps the user to systematically store information in the database.
20. A Form enables users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects such as tables.
21. To create a form you need to select Forms option available under Database section.
22. A query is helps to collect specific information from the pool of data in the database.
23. SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views.
24. INSERT statement is used to add one or more records to a database.
23. UPDATE statement is used for modifying records in a database.
24. DELETE statement is used to remove one or more records in a database.
25. CREATE statement is used for creating a database or a table in any RDBMS Software.
26. A Report is used to generate the overall work outcome in a clear format.
27. To create reports you need to select Use Wizard to Create Report option available under Tasks.
28. Select statement is used to retrieve records in a database.
29. Relational database is a type of database that stores data in several tables.
30. In database Queries helps us to retrieve the filtered data based upon some conditions.
31. A Default Value can be set for a field if the user doesn't provide any value while entering the values in the
table.
32. Boolean data type takes the values in the form of 0 and 1 in the database.
33. Relationships create a connection between two or more tables.
34. There are three types of Relationships in a table
35. Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be necessary for the user to insert the value in the field which means
that field cannot be left blank.
36. Filtering means that the query uses criteria you provide to hide some data and present only what you want to
see.
37. Composite Primary Key: It is also called a composite key. It is a combination of two or more columns to form a
primary key for a table
38. Field properties can be set in both the Design View and Using the Wizard.
39. Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum length.
40. Tables are the basic building blocks of a database.
41. Multiple copies of the same file leads to Data Redundancy.
42. Flat File store data in a single table which is suitable to store less amount of Data.
43. A Relational database uses SQL commands which is a standard user application that provides an easy
programming interface for database interaction.
44. The shortcut key to execute the SQL query is F5.

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Important Questions and Answers:
Q1. What is DBMS? Explain advantages of DBMS.
Ans.-> DBMS stands for Data Base Management System. A database management system is a software package
with computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of an integrated collection of data
records, files, and other objects. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications.
A DBMS allows different user application programs to concurrently access the same database.
Well known DBMSs include Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, PostgreSQL, MySQL,
FoxPro, and SQLite.
Advantages of DBMS:
i) Data integrity: means the data is accurate and consistent in the database. It is very important as there are
multiple databases in a DBMS so it helps to produce the correct result.
ii) Data sharing: In a database, the users can share the data among themselves. Data can be shared for multiple
purposes with the users located at different geographical locations then remote users can also access the database
simultaneously.
iii) Data Inconsistency: Data inconsistency is when the same data exists in different forms in multiple tables. Which
can provide a unreliable or meaningless information.

Q2. What does RDBMS stands for? Explain it.

Ans.-> RDBMS stands for Relational Data Base Management System. A relational database management system
(RDBMS) is a database management system that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd, of
IBM’s San Jose Research Laboratory. Most popular databases currently in use are based on the relational database
model.

Q3. How is data organized in a RDBMS?

Ans.-> The relational model for database management is a database model based on first-order predicate logic,
first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar F. Codd. In the relational model of a database, all data is
represented in terms of tuples, grouped into relations. A database organized in terms of the relational model is a
relational database.

Q4. List the data types used in a DBMS /RDBMS?

Ans.-> Data types in OpenOffice base is broadly classified into five categories listed below.
• Numeric Types • Alphanumeric Types • Binary Types • Date time • Other Variable types

Q5. State the relationship and difference between a primary and foreign key?
Ans.-> The unique field is called the primary key (PK). A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a
table. Primary Keys are also indexed in the database, making it faster for the database to search for a record.
The foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one (referencing) table that refers to a column or set of
columns in another (referenced) table. The “one” side of a relation is always the parent, and provides the PK
attributes to be copied. The “many” side of a relation is always the child, into which the FK attributes are copied.
Memorize it: one, parent, PK; many, child, FK.

Q6. What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice.Org Base?
Ans.-> .odb

Q7. What is database server?

Ans.-> Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the
DBMS and related software. Database servers are referred to as Back-ends.

Q8. Differentiate between Tuples and Attributes of a table?

Ans.-> Rows or Records or Tuples:
A row also called a record or tuple represents a single, data item in a table. In simple terms, a database table can be
visualized as consisting of rows and columns or fields. Each row in a table represents a set of related data, and
every row in the table has the same structure.
Columns or Fields or Attributes:
A column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table. The columns provide the
structure according to which the rows are composed. For example, cFirstName, or cLastName are fields in a row.

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Q9. List datatypes available in Numeric Datatype?
Ans.-> The different types of numeric data types available are listed here.

Q10. List datatypes available in Alphanumeric Datatype?

Ans.->

Q11. List datatypes available in Binary Datatype?

Ans.-> Binary data types are used for storing data in binary formats. Binary data types in a database can be using
for storing photos, music files, etc. In general, files of any format can be stored using the binary data type. The
different types of binary data types available are listed here.

Q12. Differentiate between DDL and DML.

Ans.-> In a database you can define the structure of the data and manipulate the data using some
commands. There are two types of languages for this task. These are:
• Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Definition Language (DDL)
A data definition language or data description language (DDL) is a standard for commands that define the different
structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and
users. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
A data manipulation language (DML) is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database.
The goal is to provide efficient human interaction with the system. Data manipulation involves:
• SELECT statement • INSERT statement • DELETE statement • UPDATE statement
There are two types of DML:
• Procedural: The user specifies what data is needed and how to get it
• Nonprocedural: The user only specifies what data is needed. This is easier for the user but may not generate code
as efficient as that produced by procedural languages.

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Q13. a) The structure of a table “ITEM” is given below. Suggest suitable data type and size of each column.

Column name Type Size

Itemno ____________ ______
Iname ____________ ______
Price ____________ ______
Quantity ____________ ______

b) Consider the following table “ITEM”:

Table: Item
Itemno Iname Price Quantity
11 Soap 40 80
22 Powder 80 30
33 Face cream 250 25
44 Shampoo 120 100
55 Soap box 20 50
Write queries to
i. Display the total amount of each item. The amount must be calculated as the price multiplied by quantity
for each item.

ii. Display the details of items whose price is less than 50.
Ans.->
a) Itemno integer (10)
Iname varchar(15)
Price decimal(5,2)
Quantity integer(3)

b) i. Select price * quantity from item;

ii. Select * from item where price < 50;

Q14. List datatypes available in Date Time Datatype?

Ans.-> Date time data types are used for describing date and time values for the field used in the table of a
database. Date time data types in a database can be using for storing information such as date of birth, date of
admission, date of product sale, etc. The different types of date time data types available are listed here.

Q15. Write the SQL commands to answer the queries based on Fabric table.

FabricID Fname Type Disc

F001 Shirt Woolen 10
F002 Suit Cotton 20
F003 Tunic Cotton 10
F004 Jeans Denim 5
F006 Shorts Cotton 7
a) To insert the following record
(“F005”, “Kurta”, “Woolen”,5)
Ans.-> INSERT INTO Fabric (“FabricID”, “Fname”, “Type”, “Disc”) values (‘F005’, ‘Kurta’, ’Woolen’, ‘5’);

b) To display only those fabric whose disc is more than 10

Ans.-> SELECT * from Fabric where Disc>’10’;

c) To display those record whose type is “Woolen”

Ans.-> SELECT * from Fabric where Type=’Woolen’;

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d) To modify the fabric shirt by increasing discount of 10
Ans.-> update Fabric set Disc = ‘Disc+10’ where Fname = Shirt;
e) To delete the record of fabric F003 from table
Ans.-> Delete from Fabric where FabricID=F003;

Q16. Create table BOOK.

BOOK ID Char (4)

Bname Varchar (15)
Author Varchar (20)
Price Decimal
Identify the primary key of the Book Table, also mention the suitable reason for choosing it as a Primary
Key.
Ans.-> SQL Command to create BOOK table:
CREATE TABLE BOOK (BOOK ID CHAR(4), Bname VARCHAR (15), Author VARCHAR (20), Price DECIMAL);
In the above BOOK Table, the field “BOOK ID” is the Primary key field. The values of two or
more records in the fields other than BOOK ID, i.e. Bname, Author or Price, could be same. But, BOOK ID field will
contain ID of the book which will be different for each book, i.e. there will be unique value in each record. A primary
key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table. So, this is the suitable reason for choosing BOOK ID as a
Primary key.

Q17.Differentiate between Flat File and Relational Database.

Ans.-> Data can be organized into two types:
• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field.
Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data.

Q18. In how many ways tables can be created in Base?

Ans.-> There are two ways to create a table. They are:
• Create table in Design View
• Use Wizard to Create Table

Q19. (a) Write a Query to create a Table with the following structure:
Table Product
Field Datatype
PID Char(4)
Pname Varchar(20)
Description Varchar(40)
Price Decimal

Ans.-> Create table Product (PID Char(4), Pname Varchar(20), Description Varchar(40), Price Decimal);

(b) Consider the following Vendor table and write the queries :
Table Vendor
VendorID VName DateofRegistration Location

V001 Mother Dairy 20-01-2009 Delhi

V002 Havmor 01-04-2015 Gujrat
V003 Amul 12-05-2012 Kolkata
V004 Kwality Walls 15-10-2013 Mumbai

(i) Write a Query to display all records

Ans.-> Select * from Vendor;

(ii) Write a Query to add a new row with the following details
(„V005‟, „Vadilal‟, „2010-03-20‟, „Pune‟)
Ans.-> Insert into Vendor values („V005‟, „Vadilal‟, „2010-03-20‟, „Pune‟);

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(iii) Write a query to modify the location of V003 from Kolkata to Gujrat
Ans.-> Update Vendor Set location= „Gujrat‟ Where location= „Kolkata‟;

Q20. What is Referential Integrity? How it helps in database?

Ans.-> Referential Integrity: Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in
a relationship.
In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary key and foreign key constraints.
Referential integrity helps to avoid:
• Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key table.
• Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
• Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in associated
table(s).

Q21. What do you mean by relationship? Explain the uses of relationships.

Ans.-> A relationship refers to an association or connection between two or more tables. When you relate two
tables, you don't need to enter the same data in separate tables.

Relationships between tables helps to:

• Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
• Reduce data-entry errors.
• Summarize data from related tables.
• You can create a relationship between any two tables by selecting Relationships… option from the Tools menu.

Q22. Explain the different types of relationships.

Ans.-> There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:
1. ONE to ONE
2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
3. MANY to MANY
1. One to One Relationship: In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns. Example: In
the given tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP table and DEPT_ID in DEPT table are the primary keys.

2. One to Many Relationship: In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column.
It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of associated table.
Example: In the given tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP table is the primary key.

3. Many to Many Relationship: In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies that all the
columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of associated table.
Example: In the given tables EMP and DEPT, there is no primary key.

Q23. Differentiate between Forms and Reports of a database.

Ans.-> A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the overall work outcome
in a clear format. You can create reports in the database.
A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an interface in a
user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects such as tables.

Q24. What do you mean by sorting? In how many ways it can be done?
Ans.-> Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order or descending order. Select the column(s)
then click on sort buttons. The data will be displayed accordingly.

Q25. Differentiate between Where and Orderby clause of SQL statements.

Ans.-> The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:
• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.

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