DIETS IN MODIFIED Balance with exercise to prevent unhealthy
fat accumulation.
COMPOSITION Avoid excessive sugar and saturated fat
intake.
Indications:
1. low calorie diet
Malnutrition
A dietary regimen that reduces total daily Underweight due to illness or high energy
calorie intake, often between 1,200–1,800 needs
kcal/day, depending on age, sex, activity Recovery from burns, surgery, or chronic
level, and health status. diseases
Prolonged severe restriction may cause
nutrient deficiencies and fatigue. Allowed Foods:
Should be supervised by a healthcare Energy-dense healthy foods like nuts,
provider. avocados, whole dairy products
Promote weight loss in overweight or obese Lean meats, eggs, healthy oils
individuals Whole grains and starchy vegetables
Reduce risk factors for metabolic diseases
(e.g., hypertension, diabetes) Restricted Foods:
Indications: Excessive processed junk food (though
calorie-dense, they lack nutrients)
Obesity
Overweight with comorbidities
Certain metabolic syndromes
3. High-Protein Diet
Allowed Foods:
A diet where protein intake exceeds normal
High-fiber fruits and vegetables recommendations (more than 1.2–2.0 g/kg
Lean protein sources (fish, chicken, body weight/day).
legumes) Support muscle growth and repair
Whole grains in moderate amount Aid in recovery after illness or injury
Excess protein may stress kidneys in
Restricted Foods:
patients with renal disease.
Sugary beverages and dessert
Indications:
Fried foods
Refined grains and high-fat snacks Athletes
Post-surgical recovery
Protein-energy malnutrition
2. High-Calorie Diet Allowed Foods:
A diet that provides increased caloric intake, Lean meats, poultry, fish
often exceeding 2,500–3,000 kcal/day, while Eggs, dairy products
ensuring nutrient density. Legumes, soy products
Promote weight gain and restore nutritional
status Restricted Foods:
Not usually restricted unless patient has Lean meats without skin
kidney problems Low-fat dairy
Restricted Foods:
4. Low-Protein Diet Fried foods
Fatty meats, high-fat dairy
A diet limiting protein intake (often 0.6–0.8
Butter, cream, coconut oil
g/kg/day).
Reduce kidney workload and slow
progression of kidney disease
6. Low-Cholesterol Diet
Must prevent malnutrition—essential amino
acids may be supplemented. Diet limiting cholesterol intake to less than
200–300 mg/day.
Indications:
Reduce LDL cholesterol
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Lower cardiovascular disease risk
Liver disease (e.g., hepatic encephalopathy)
Indications:
Allowed Foods:
Hypercholesterolemia
Fruits and vegetables Atherosclerosis
Low-protein bread and pasta
Allowed Foods:
Fats and oils
Fruits, vegetables, legumes
Restricted Foods:
Whole grains
Meats, fish, poultry Plant oils
Eggs, dairy products
Restricted Foods:
Legumes and nuts
Egg yolks (limit), organ meats
Shellfish high in cholesterol
5. Low-Fat Diet High-fat dairy products
A diet where fat intake is reduced, typically
to less than 30% of daily calories.
7. Low-Carbohydrate Diet
Control cholesterol levels
Promote heart health Diet restricting carbohydrate intake to less
Ensure adequate intake of essential fatty than 45% of total calories.
acids. Control blood sugar levels
Promote weight loss
Indications:
Indications:
Cardiovascular disease
Gallbladder disease Diabetes mellitus
Obesity Obesity
Allowed Foods: Allowed Foods:
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains Non-starchy vegetables
Lean proteins White rice, bread, pasta
Healthy fats Cabbage, lettuce
Restricted Foods: Restricted Foods:
Sugary foods and beverages Bananas, oranges, tomatoes
White bread, pasta, rice Potatoes, spinach
Starchy vegetables (in some plans) Beans, nuts
8. Low Salt / Sodium-Restricted Diet 10. Low Purine / Purine-Restricted Diet
Diet limiting sodium to 1,500–2,000 Diet limiting foods high in purines to reduce
mg/day. uric acid production.
Reduce blood pressure Prevent gout attacks
Prevent fluid retention Reduce uric acid kidney stones
Indications: Indications:
Hypertension Gout
Heart failure Uric acid kidney stones
Kidney disease
Allowed Foods:
Allowed Foods:
Low-fat dairy
Fresh fruits and vegetables Whole grains
Unsalted nuts Most vegetables
Herbs and spices for flavoring
Restricted Foods:
Restricted Foods:
Organ meats (liver, kidney)
Processed meats, canned goods Certain fish (anchovies, sardines, mackerel)
Chips, instant noodles Beer and alcohol
Soy sauce, salted condiments
9. Low Potassium Diet
Diet restricting potassium intake to prevent
hyperkalemia.
Prevent dangerously high potassium levels
Indications:
Advanced kidney disease
Certain adrenal disorders
Allowed Foods:
Apples, berries, grapes
