Indian Geography

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Area
1. Which of the following statements are true about India?

Use the code given below to select the correct answer:

1. India is the fifth largest country in the world

2. It occupies about 2.4 percent of the total area of the lithosphere.

3. The whole of India lies in the tropic zone.

4. 82o30' east longitude is used to determine Indian Standard Time

Code :

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3

(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4

Ans. (d)

India is the second-largest country by population and the seventh-largest by area, behind
Brazil, Australia, China, Russia, Canada, and the United States, in that order. It makes up
roughly 2.4% of the lithosphere's total area.

The tropical zone stretches between 23º 30' north and south latitudes, while the Indian
mainland lies between 8º4' and 37º6' north latitudes.

As a result, statements 1 and 3 are false. The entire country of India, including the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is located between 6º45' and 37º 6' North latitudes. Indian
Standard Time is based on the longitude of 82° 30' East.

2. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(a) Total area of India - 3.28 million sq. km.

(b) Latitudinal extent - 8o4' N - 37o6' N

(c) Longitudinal extent - 68o7' E - 97o25' E

(d) Number of states in India - 26

Ans. (d)
The total area of India is 3.28 million sq. km. Its latitudinal extent is 8o4' N - 37o6' N and its
longitudinal extent is 68o7' E -97o25' E. There are 28 states and 8 union territories in India.

3. The area of India is 2.4% of the total area of the world but its–

(a) the population is 16% of the world's population

(b) the population is 17% of world's population

(c) the population is 18% of the world's population

(d) the population is 28% of the world's population

Ans. (b)

As per Census , the area of India is 3287263 square km. which is approximately 2.4% of the
total land area of the world, whereas its total population is 16.7% (17.5% as per census ) of
the total population of the world. Hence option (b) is the closest answer.

4. How many villages are (approximately) there in India –

(a) 5 lakh

(b) 6 lakh 30 thousand

(c) 8 lakh

(d) None of these

Ans. (d)

According to the Census, the total number of villages in India is 6 lakh 40 thousand 9
hundred and 32. Thus option (d) is the correct answer.

5. Which of the following statements about India is incorrect?

(a) India is the 7th largest country in the world

(b) India is the second populous country of the world

(c) It's land boundary extends for around 15,200 km

(d) The earliest sunrise is seen in its Mizoram State

Ans. (d)

In, it was learned that 'Dong' (a village in Arunachal Pradesh) not Katchal island in the
Andmans as was widely believed experiences the earliest sunrise in the world. Dong is also
the easternmost village in India's geography.

ii. Latitudinal & Longitudinal Expansion

1. The expansion of India is between –

(a) 37° 17' 53'' North and 8° 6' 28" South

(b) 37° 17' 53" North and 8° 4' 28" South

(c) 37° 17' 53" North and 8° 28" North

(d) None of the above

Ans. (d)

The area of India extends between 8°4' North to 37°6' North latitudes and 68° 7' East to 97°
25' East latitudes. The Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India. Thus it is
clear that none of the options are correct.

2. The latitude that passes through Sikkim also passes through:

(a) Rajasthan (b) Punjab

(c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Jammu & Kashmir

Ans. (a)

The latitude that passes through Sikkim also passes through Rajasthan.

3. 700 East longitude passes through:-

(a) Jodhpur (b) Jaisalmer

(c) Dholpur (d) Nagaur

Ans. (b)

700 East longitude passes through Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.

iii. India and the Tropic of Cancer
1. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which of the following states :-

(a) Odisha (b) Bihar (Jharkhand)

(c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Andhra Pradesh

Ans. (b)

Nearly all of India is traversed by the Tropic of Cancer. It travels through eight states in India:
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and
Rajasthan. Therefore, none of the options are correct as of right now. Jharkhand was a part
of Bihar at the time of the test. As a result, option (b) has been determined to be the right
response.

2. Which one of the following towns is nearest to the Tropic of Cancer :

(a) Agartala (b) Gandhinagar

(c) Jabalpur (d) Ujjain

Ans. (b)

The place whose latitudinal position is at a minimum distance from the latitude of the Tropic
of Cancer will be the nearest place to the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer is at 23°
30' N; and divides India into almost two equal parts. The latitudinal position of the towns
given in the options is:-

Place​ ​ Latitude​ ​ Difference in Position(23o 30')

Agartala​ 23º 50' N ​ ​ ​ –20'

Gandhinagar ​ 23º19' N ​ ​ ​ +11'

Jabalpur ​ 23º 11' N ​ ​ ​ +19'

Ujjain​ ​ 23º 09' N​ ​ ​ +21'

According to the distance from the Tropic of Cancer, Gandhinagar is the nearest town . Thus
option (b) is the correct answer.

3. Among the following cities, which one is nearest to the Tropic of Cancer?

(a) Delhi (b) Kolkata

(c) Jodhpur (d) Nagpur

Ans. (b)

The latitudinal position of the above cities in context to the

Tropic of Cancer is:-

Delhi - 28º25' - 28º53' North

Kolkata - 22º30' North

Jodhpur - 26º0' - 27º37' North

Nagpur - 21º09' North

The Tropic of Cancer is located approximately 23º 30' North of the Equator, so the nearest
city to the Tropic of Cancer from the above options is Kolkata.

4. Which important latitude divides India into almost two equal parts?

(a) 23°30' South (b) 33°30' North

(c) 0° (d) 23° 30' North

Ans. (d)

23030' North latitude divides India almost into two equal parts. It is known as the Tropic of
Cancer.

5. Which of the following Indian states lies north of the tropic of Cancer?

(a) Jharkhand (b) Manipur

(c) Mizoram (d) Tripura

(Re. Exam)

Ans. (b)

The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states namely Mizoram, Tripura, West Bengal,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. Manipur lies north of
the Tropic of Cancer.

6. Which, among the following places, will have maximum day length in the month of June ?

(a) Hyderabad (b) Chennai

(c) Bhopal (d) Delhi

Ans. (d)

The length of days in the northern hemisphere starts increasing after the sun is moving north
of the equator. On 21 June (summer solstice) the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of
Cancer and the north pole is tilted towards the sun therefore the northern hemisphere has
days ranging from just over 12 hours around the Tropic of Cancer to 24 hours in the Arctic
Circle. Delhi is the most appropriate answer as it is the most northerly (from the tropic of
cancer) given option.

iv. Standard Time

1. How many hours of time difference will there be between the most western village of
Gujrat and the most eastern village of Arunachal Pradesh, Walong?

(a) 1 hour (b) 2 hour

(c) 3 hour (d) 1/2 hour

Ans. (b)

Nearly all of India is traversed by the Tropic of Cancer. It travels through eight states in India:
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and
Rajasthan. Therefore, none of the options are correct as of right now. Jharkhand was a part
of Bihar at the time of the test. As a result, option (b) has been determined to be the right
response.

2. Consider the following statements:

1. The longitude of Jabalpur's location is between those of Indore and Bhopal.

2. The latitude of Aurangabad's location is between those of Vadodara and Pune.

3. Bengaluru is situated more southward than Chennai.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 3 (b) Only 2

(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (c)
Latitudinal and longitudinal positions of the locations (districts) as per "Census of India - "
given below:-

Jabalpur - 22o 49' N to 24o 08'N; 79º 21' E to 80º 58' E

Indore - 22o 20' N to 23º 05' N; 75º 26' E to 76º 14' E

Bhopal - 23º 04' N to 23º53' N; 77º12' E to 77º 40' E

Aurangabad - 19o 18' N to 20º 40' N; 74o 34' E to 76º 04' E

Vadodara - 21o 50' N to 22º 50' N; 72º 50' E to 74º 10' E

Pune - 17o 54' N to 19º 24' N; 73o 19' E to 75º 10' E

Bengaluru - 12o 39' N to 13º 14' N; 77º 19' E to 77º 50' E

Chennai - 12o 54' N to 13º 54' N; 80o 7' E to 80º 11' E

Explanation according to given facts -

Statement (1) - Longitude of Jabalpur's location is not between those of Indore and Bhopal.

Statement (2) - Latitude of Aurangabad is between those of Vadodara and Pune.

Statement (3) - Bengaluru is situated more southward than Chennai.

3. Which of the following cities is closest to IST (IndianStandard Time) meridian ?

(a) Rewa (b) Sagar

(c) Ujjain (d) Hoshangabad

Ans. (a)

Indian standard time (IST) is 5 : 30 hours (5 hours 30 minutes) ahead of Greenwich Mean
Time (GMT). The Standard Time of India is calculated on 82o30' East longitude. It passes
through Mirzapur district in Uttar Pradesh. The location of above cities with regard to their
closeness to IST meridian is:

Rewa - 81º 02' E to 82º 20' E

Sagar - 78º 04' E to 78º 20' E

Ujjain - 75º 00' E to 76º 30' E

Hoshangabad - 76º 47' E to 78º 44' E

Thus it is clear that Rewa is closest to the IST meridian.

4. If it is 10.00 a.m. IST, then what would be the local

time at Shillong at 92° E longitude?

(a) 9.38 a.m. (b) 10.38 a.m.

(c) 10.22 a.m. (d) 09.22 a.m.

Ans. (b)

Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.5° E longitude .The difference between
the longitude of Shillong and the Indian Standard time is 92°-82.5°= 9.5° . As we know that
the difference of 1 longitude is equal to 4 minutes. So the difference in time between them is
9.5 × 4 = 38 minutes. So, if a watch indicates 10:00a.m on IST , then 10:38 a.m. would be
the local time at Shillong. Thus the correct answer is option (b).

5. When it is noon at IST meridian, what would be the local time at 120o East longitude –

(a) 09.30 (b) 14.30

(c) 17.30 (d) 20.00

Ans. (b)

The difference in longitude between 120°E longitude and Indian Standard Time is equal to
120° - 82°30', or 37°30'. Given that one longitude's difference equals four minutes. Hence,
the difference in time between them is equal to 37°30' × 4 = 150 minutes, or two hours and
thirty minutes.Therefore, the local time at 120° East longitude is 12+2:30=14:30 if it is
midday at the IST meridian.

6. The Indian Standard Time Meridian does not pass through

(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Chhattisgarh

(c) Maharashtra (d) Uttar Pradesh

Ans. (c)

The Indian Standard Time Meridian 82 1º 2 E passes through Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. It does not pass through Telangana
also .
7. Standard Indian Time (Meridian Longitude 82° 30') passes through which of the following
towns?

(a) Nagpur (b) Delhi

(c) Patna (d) Allahabad

Ans. (d)

Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82° 30' E longitude. This Meridian passes
through Mirzapur district (Near Allahabad) in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It also passes
through Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh. The Indian Standard Time is ahead of Greenwich Mean
Time by 5 hours and 30 minutes.

8. If the Sun rises at TIRAP in Arunachal Pradesh at 5.00 am (IST) then what time (IST) will
the Sun rise in Kandla in Gujarat?

(a) About 5.30 a.m. (b) About 6.00 a.m.

(c) About 7.00 a.m. (d) About 7.30 a.m.

Ans. (c)

There is a difference of about 2 hours between Kandla (Gujarat) and Tirap (Arunachal
Pradesh) due to the longitudinal position of both the cities. Thus, if the Sun rises at Tirap
(95° 32') in Arunachal Pradesh at 5:00 am (IST) then the Sun will rise at 7:00 am in Kandla
(70° 11').

v. Extreme Points
1. The southernmost point of India is-

(a) Kanyakumari (b) Rameshwaram

(c) Indira Point (d) Point Calimere

Ans. (c)

The four extreme points of India are :

Southernmost Point - Indira Point (6o 4' N latitudes) is a village in the Nicobar district of
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Great Nicobar tehsil. It is the
location of the southernmost point of India’s territory. On the mainland, Kanyakumari, Tamil
Nadu (8o 4' N latitudes) is the southernmost point.

Northernmost Point - Near Siachen Glacier, at Indira Col Ladakh.

Westernmost point - Guhar Moti or Ghuar Mota (Gujarat).

Easternmost Point - Kibithu (Arunachal Pradesh).

Thus the correct answer is option (c).

2. Name the place in India where the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean meet.

(a) Kanyakumari (b) Indira Point

(c) Nagercoil (d) Rameshwaram

Ans. (a)

Kanyakumari, which is the southernmost point of the Indian mainland, is the place where
Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean meet. Kanyakumari is a part of Tamil Nadu.

3. Which one of the following pair of states of India indicates the easternmost and
westernmost state?

(a) Assam and Rajasthan

(b) Arunachal Pradesh and Rajasthan

(c) Assam and Gujarat

(d) Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat

Ans. (d)

The easternmost state is Arunachal Pradesh and the western most is Gujarat.

3. The westernmost point of India is -

(a) 68° 7' W, Gujarat (b) 68° 7' W, Rajasthan

(c) 68° 7' E, in Gujarat (d) 68° 7' E, Rajasthan

Ans. (c)

West of Guhar Moti in Kutch, Gujarat is the westernmost point of India. Its
Latitude/Longitude is 23.713 N/ 68°7' E. Guhar Moti is in the Kutch region of Gujarat.

7. Which one among the following major Indian cities is most eastward located ?
(a) Hyderabad (b) Bhopal

(c) Lucknow (d) Bengaluru (Bangalore)

Ans. (c)

The location of the above-mentioned cities can be determined by their longitudinal

extension, which are Hyderabad - 78° 23' E to 78º 68' E Bhopal - 77º 12' E to 77º 40' E
Lucknow - 80º 34' E to 81º 12' E Bangalore (Now Bengaluru) - 77º 19' E to 77º 50' E. All the
above cities are located in the middle of the eastern longitudes. Thus, the city which has the
largest longitudinal extension is located most eastward. By looking at the above longitudes
Lucknow is most eastward located.

vi. Bordering Countries

1. Consider the following statements :

1. Assam shares a border with Bhutan and Bangladesh.

2. West Bengal shares a border with Bhutan and Nepal.

3. Mizoram shares a border with Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only

(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only

Ans. (a)

The political map of India clearly shows that Assam shares a border with Bhutan and
Bangladesh. West Bengal shares borders with Bhutan and Nepal and Mizoram shares
borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar. Thus all the above three statements are correct.
Hence (a) is the correct answer.

2. Extension of the International boundaries of India along with their neighbouring countries
in ascending order are

(a) China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal

(b) Nepal, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh

(c) Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China

(d) Pakistan, Nepal, China, Bangladesh

Ans. (b)

Extension of the International boundaries of India along with their neighbouring countries in
ascending order are Nepal, Pakistan, China, Bangladesh. So, the correct answer is option
(b).

3. Which one of the following states does not form the border with Bangladesh –

(a) Meghalaya (b) Tripura

(c) Manipur (d) Mizoram

Ans. (c)

West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura are the Indian states that share their
borders with Bangladesh. Mymensingh, Rangpur, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Chittagong
are the six divisions of Bangladesh that are situated along the India-Bangladesh border.
Manipur does not share a border with Bangladesh. Manipur has an International border with
Myanmar.

4. Which one of the following Indian states does not share a border with Bhutan?

(a) Sikkim (b) Meghalaya

(c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) West Bengal

Ans. (b)

Bhutan and India are neighbouring countries that share borders with each other. The Indian
states of West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh share their borders with
Bhutan. Meghalaya does not share a border with Bhutan. It shares a border with
Bangladesh.

5. Which of the following Indian states shares a maximum boundary with Myanmar ?

(a) Manipur (b) Arunachal Pradesh

(c) Mizoram (d) Nagaland

Ans. (b)

Arunachal Pradesh shares a maximum boundary with Myanmar. The neighbouring countries
of India are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Maldive
and Sri Lanka. The Indian boundaries are of both types i.e., natural and man-made. India
shares the longest land boundary with Bangladesh (4096.7 km) and the shortest Land
boundary with Afghanistan (106 km). Indian states & UTs bordering with neighbouring
countries are –

1. Bordering Pakistan - Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat

2. Bordering China - Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal

Pradesh

3. Bordering Nepal - Bihar, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and West Bengal

4. Bordering Bangladesh - West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram

5. Bordering Bhutan - West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh

6. Bordering Myanmar - Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram

7. Bordering Afghanistan - Ladakh

6. Which of the following states of India does not have a common border with Myanmar ?

(a) Assam (b) Nagaland

(c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) Mizoram

Ans. (a)

Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram are Indian states which share a border
with Myanmar but Assam does not share its border with Myanmar. It shares with Bangladesh
& Bhutan.

7. Which one of the following countries shares the longest land frontier with India?

(a) China (b) Nepal

(c) Pakistan (d) Bangladesh

Ans. (d)

Bangladesh forms longest land frontiers with India with 4096.7 km long international
boundary. Indian states bordering Bangladesh are Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya and
West Bengal.

8. Which of the following states does not form its boundary with Bangladesh?

(a) Assam (b) Nagaland

(c) Meghalaya (d) Mizoram

Ans. (b)

Nagaland does not share its border with Bangladesh. Indian states bordering Bangladesh
are Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and West Bengal.

9. The boundary between India and Pakistan was demarcated by:

(a) Durand Line (b) McMahon Line

(c) Maginot Line (d) Radcliffe Line

Ans. (d)

The boundary between India and Pakistan was demarcated by the Radcliffe line.

●​ Durand line is Between India and Afghanistan

●​ McMahon Line is Between India and China
●​ The Maginot Line is Between France and Germany.

10. The boundary line between India and Pakistan is an example of

(a) Superimposed boundary

(b) Antecedent boundary

(c) Relict boundary

(d) Subsequent boundary

Ans. (a)

In 1947, Pakistan and India were separated on a draft created by Sir Radcliffe e and the
Radcliffe line was made. The two countries share a superimposed boundary. A
superimposed boundary is a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outsider or
conquering power.

11. What is the Radcliffe line?

(a) AmeriCanada boundary line

(b) Indo-Pakistan boundary line

(c) Indo-China boundary line

(d) Russia-Finland boundary line

Ans. (b)
India has natural as well as man-made boundaries. Himalaya in the north, Bay of Bengal in
the south-east, Indian Ocean in the south and Arabian sea in the south-west forms its
natural boundary. India shares its border with China (Tibet), Bangladesh, Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Maldive, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Radcliffe line demarcates the
border between India and Pakistan and Macmahon line between India and China. Durand
line demarcates the border between India and Afghanistan. Sri Lanka is separated from
India by the Palk Strait. It is about 64-137 Km wide. It was named after the then governor of
Madras Robert Palk.

12. Which State of India has borders with three countries namely Nepal, Bhutan and China?

(a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Meghalaya

(c) West Bengal (d) Sikkim

Ans. (d)

The State of Sikkim in India has borders with three countries namely Nepal, Bhutan and
China.

22. Which one of the following states of India has an international boundary on its three
sides ?

(a) Assam (b) Nagaland

(c) Tripura (d) West Bengal

Ans. (c)

Tripura is bordered by Bangladesh from north, west and south. Thus it has an international
border on three sides. Assam and Mizoram are located in the east of Tripura.