Cellular Mobile and Wireless Communication

1. The main goal of cellular communication is to:

A) Reduce data rates
B) Increase power usage
C) Maximize coverage and capacity
D) Eliminate base stations

2. Which of the following is the main feature of a cellular system?

A) Centralized switching
B) Fixed channel allocation
C) Frequency reuse
D) Satellite-based access

3. A "cell" in cellular communication refers to:

A) A battery unit
B) A geographical coverage area
C) A radio antenna tower
D) A communication protocol

4. The frequency reuse technique is used to:

A) Save bandwidth by avoiding modulation
B) Increase call drop rates
C) Use the same frequency in different cells
D) Avoid the use of base stations

5. Which component controls the handoff process and call setup?

A) Base Station
B) Mobile Station
C) Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
D) PSTN

6. The first generation of cellular systems was primarily based on:

A) Digital technology
B) CDMA
C) Analog technology
D) 4G LTE

7. AMPS is an example of which generation of mobile systems?

A) 2G
B) 3G
C) 1G
D) 4G

8. The key feature of a mobile communication system is:

A) Wired transmission
B) High latency
C) User mobility
D) Optical links
9. Co-channel interference occurs when:
A) Same frequency channels are reused in adjacent cells
B) Different frequency bands are used in nearby cells
C) Antennas are aligned
D) Two users share the same handset

10. Which of the following reduces co-channel interference?

A) Increasing base station power

B) Reducing cell size
C) Increasing frequency reuse distance
D) Decreasing frequency reuse distance

11. Adjacent channel interference can be minimized by:

A) Overlapping frequency bands

B) Proper filtering and channel assignment
C) Increasing power of adjacent cells
D) Reducing antenna height

12. Interference that occurs due to reflection of signals is:

A) Adjacent channel interference

B) Co-channel interference
C) Multipath interference
D) Thermal interference

13. The signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is used to measure:

A) Battery life
B) Signal clarity compared to interference
C) Frequency bandwidth
D) Data speed

14. What is the typical effect of interference in mobile communication?

A) Increased battery life

B) Improved call clarity
C) Dropped calls and reduced quality
D) Faster handoff

15. Which of the following is not a source of interference?

A) Nearby base stations

B) Reflected signals
C) Co-located transmitters
D) Optical fibers

16. The reuse factor in frequency reuse is denoted by:

A) H

B) K

C) M

D) C

20. Delaying a necessary handoff may result in:

A) Improved voice quality

B) Battery saving
C) Call drop
D) Reduced interference

1. The term "mobile" in mobile communication refers to:

A) Portable device only

B) Ability to move while maintaining communication

C) Use of landlines

D) Stationary base stations

2. The control channel in a cellular system is used for:

A) Voice transmission

B) SMS services only

C) Call setup and signaling

D) High-speed data

3. In a typical cellular system, cells are often represented by:

A) Circles
 B) Squares

C) Hexagons

D) Triangles

4. What is the main role of the Base Station Controller (BSC)?

A) Switching calls between base stations

B) Charging users

C) Sending SMS

D) Manufacturing handsets

5. The number of cells that form a frequency reuse pattern is called:

A) Cell load

B) Handoff factor

C) Cluster size

D) Diversity index

6. Which among the following is not a component of a cellular mobile system?

A) Base Transceiver Station

B) Base Station Controller

C) Modem

D) Mobile Switching Center

7. The term "spectral efficiency" in mobile systems means:

A) Amount of interference

B) Spectrum usage per user

C) Number of towers used

D) Delay in handoff

8. The interface between Mobile Station and Base Station is known as:

A) Um interface

B) Abis interface

C) A interface

D) U interface

9. Interference in wireless systems is generally caused due to:

 A) Low data rates

B) Channel overlapping

C) GPS signals

D) Antenna alignment

10. What happens when the co-channel reuse ratio increases?

A) Interference decreases

B) Signal quality drops

C) Cell size increases

D) Handoff frequency increases

11. Adjacent channel interference is mostly due to:

A) Same frequency reuse

B) Improper filtering

C) Handset malfunction

D) BTS failure

12. What factor increases the possibility of co-channel interference?

A) Large cluster size

B) Wide frequency band

C) Low reuse distance

D) High call drop rate

13. Which technique helps reduce adjacent channel interference?

A) Increasing signal power

B) Guard band allocation

C) Using multiple handsets

D) Disabling modulation

14. The term intermodulation interference refers to:

A) Mixing of desired signals only

B) Multipath fading

C) Mixing of multiple signals causing unwanted frequencies

D) Thermal noise

15. Increasing the frequency reuse distance will:

A) Increase system capacity

 B) Increase interference

C) Reduce co-channel interference

D) Remove the need for handoff

16. Which parameter is important to measure interference in wireless systems?

A) Frequency bandwidth

B) Signal-to-interference ratio

C) Battery life

D) Modulation index

17. The mobile-assisted handoff (MAHO) involves:

A) Handset detecting signal strength and assisting handoff

B) Manual user switching

C) PSTN-based switching

D) Satellite redirection

18. In a soft handoff:

A) There is a drop before making a new connection

B) No signal strength is measured

C) Mobile is connected to multiple base stations simultaneously

D) MSC plays no role

19. Which parameter is used to trigger a handoff decision?

A) Battery status

B) Temperature

C) Signal strength

D) User input

20. In cellular systems, excessive handoffs may lead to:

A) Better performance

B) Call stability

C) Call drops and delay

D) Reduced interference
Which of the following best describes a cellular network?

A) One large transmitter covers the whole area

B) Network divided into small coverage areas with reuse of frequencies

C) Network without switching

D) Network based on satellite communication

The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) mainly handles:

A) User interface

B) Call routing and mobility management

C) Display settings

D) Frequency filtering

Which of the following improves system capacity in a cellular system?

A) Reducing bandwidth

B) Increasing cell size

C) Frequency reuse

D) Avoiding handoff

The main reason for using hexagonal cells is:

A) They are easy to build physically

B) They reduce call drops

C) They offer uniform coverage without overlaps or gaps

D) They are circular in nature

Which of the following components is mobile in a cellular system?

A) MSC

B) BTS

C) MS

D) BSC

In cellular systems, cell splitting is used to:

A) Merge two adjacent cells

 B) Reduce interference

C) Increase capacity by reducing cell size

D) Eliminate the need for MSC

Trunking in cellular systems refers to:

A) Tree-based architecture

B) Sharing of channels among users

C) Use of digital signals

D) Fixing a single channel per user

A key characteristic of 2G systems compared to 1G is:

A) Use of analog voice

B) Use of digital transmission

C) Higher power consumption

D) Satellite-based switching

Interference in wireless systems causes:

A) Longer battery life

B) Improved voice quality

C) Signal degradation and call drops

D) Increased modulation

One of the main causes of adjacent channel interference is:

A) High transmission power

B) Lack of guard bands

C) Use of GPS

D) Larger cell sizes

The co-channel reuse ratio is given by:

A) D/R

B) R/D

C) D × R

D) 1/(D × R)

Interference becomes more severe when:

A) Cluster size increases

B) Frequency reuse distance decreases

C) Signal power decreases

D) Cell size increases

Which of the following is an internal source of interference?

A) Reflected signals

B) Adjacent networks

C) Handset-to-handset leakage

D) Solar radiation

Interference from external wireless systems is called:

A) Intra-cell interference

B) Internal noise

C) External interference

D) Frequency shift

Which among the following is used to mitigate co-channel interference?

A) Overlapping frequencies

B) Power control

C) Reducing bandwidth

D) Increasing call duration

The effect of multipath interference includes:

A) Stronger signal

B) Echo and fading

C) Reduced coverage

D) Larger cells

In mobile communication, handoff ensures:

A) Constant power supply

B) Continuity of call when moving between cells

C) Switching off the call after a time limit

D) Upgrading to 5G

Soft handoff is supported in:

A) GSM
B) CDMA

C) AMPS

D) 1G

The decision for handoff is usually based on:

A) Call duration

B) Time of day

C) Received signal strength

D) Battery percentage

In umbrella cell approach, smaller cells are used for:

A) Reducing cost

B) Serving high-speed users

C) Serving low-speed users

D) Avoiding handoff