EVALUATION AND FORMULATION OF ALOE VERA

COLD CREAM

SUBMITTED
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Degree of

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
BY
MD. SAQIB
B. Pharm, 4th year, 8th Sem.
Roll No.2021BPHR041
Subject Code:04BPH813PW

SUPERVISION OF.
DR. MANMOHAN SHARMA

Associate Professor School of Pharmaceutical Studies Faculty of Health Science

RAJASTHAN 304021, INDIA

MAY 2025
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the “Practice School “is an authentic record of my research work carried out
by me under the supervision of Prof. DR. MANMOHAN SHARMA School of
Pharmaceutical Studies Faculty of Health Science, Dr. K. N. Modi University Newai. No Part of
this had been presented elsewhere for anyother degree or diploma earlier. I further certify that I
have not will fully take other’s work, Para,text, data, results, tables, figures, etc. reported in the
journals, books, magazine, report,dissertation, thesis, etc., or available at web-sites without their
permission, and have not included those in my practice school report.

MD.SAQIB

2021BPHR041
 ACKNOLEDGEMENT

I am thankful to Almighty for giving me strength to complete my Practice School successfully. I

sincerely wish to express my gratitude to the Department of Pharmacy for providing all the
necessary resources and facilities for completing my Practice School. First of all, I am grateful to
the Director of our college for providing the college facilities to the successful completion of
practice School of each department and his kind patronage. I owe my sincere gratitude to my
supervisor DR. MANMOHON SHARMA the perfect guidance. His guidelines and
instructions were really helpful for learning and completing all modules on time. I am deeply
thankful to all the staff members of the Pharmacy department for guiding and supporting us in all
aspects. I would like to thank my friends . Their kind support and cooperation throughout the
semester. I am really grateful to the loving parents and family members for being an inspiration
and great support for me. The satisfaction and joy of completing my practice School would not
be complete without expressing my gratitude to these people who made it possible because
success only came through high ambition, strong effort, good guidance and encouragement.
Thankfully,

MD.SAQIB

2021BPHR041
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION 1-18

2. LITRATURE REVIEW 19-22

3. AIM &OBJECTIVE 23

4. PLAN OF WORK 24-27

5. MATERIAL &METHODS 28-32

6. RESULT &DISCUSSION 33-34

7. CONCLUSION 35

8. REFERENCES 36-39
ABSTRACT

cosmetics are the preparation which used to beautify and enhance the human
appearances. The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the aloe
Vera containing plant extracts prepared by using water in Oil (Emulsification method)
method for the purpose of nourishing and moisturizing the skin. The cold cream is
prepared by using the rose oil and extract of aloe Vera. Quality evaluation of the
formulated product was assessed by using different evaluation methods. No change of
the physical properties was observed in formulated Cream. The formulated cream
showed good consistency and spread ability, pH, no evidence of phase separation
during study period of research. Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature,
viscosity, and fragrance of formulated cream showed that there was no significant
variation during the study period of research. The herbal extract containing cold cream
gives the cooling and smoothing effect due to the slow evaporation of water present in
emulsion. The cold cream are more moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which
reduce the water present in the emulsion. The cold creams are more moisturizing as
the provided an oily barrier which reduce the water loss form the stratum corneum,the
outer most layer of the skin. They are water in Oil emulsion and intended for
application on skin or accessible mucous membrane to provide localized and
sometimes systemic effect at the site of application.

Keyword: - Aloe Vera, cold cream, pharmacological properties, anti-inflammatory,

physiochemical properties, antioxidant activity, anti-bacterial.
 EVALUATION OF MARKETED PREPARATION OF ALOE VERA
COLD CREAM

1. INTRODUCTION

Cosmetics are the products which are generally used to beautify the skin and also to
purify the skin. The cosmetics are the word derived from Greek word – ‘kosmesticos’
which means to adorn. From that time the materials which are used to promoting
appearances or to beautify the skin are called as cosmetic. From ancient time till now
people are still using polyherbal or herbal cosmetics for the beautification of skin.
Cold cream is the water in oil emulsion. Cold cream gives the prolonged contact time
in the site of application as compared to the other semisolid dosage form or formulation
[1]

They give elegancy to the skin and it is not that much greasy. Due to the oil phase, it
gives an emollience to the skin. The function of the cold cream is for restoring
moisture to dry skin, it allows to eliminate the waste materials from the pores and also
cools the body. It is easily watered washable and easy to wash away. They are
nonirritating when applied on the skin. The water phase provides the skin with
additional protection. At body temperature, it becomes liquefiable.
It enters the skin through the pores of the skin's epidermis.Galen, a Greek physician
who created the cold cream formulation in the second century, is credited with
developing it. He made a mixture of water, beeswax, and rose petals. These were the main
moisturiser components he used to create the cold cream. Galen's cream was the common
name for this skin lotion. Cold creams can be used to remove temporary tattoo marks and
then removed with a cotton ball in addition to moisturising the skin. Uses of cold creams
are also related to the creation of children's face the creation of children's face paint [2]

Fig 1st: Cold cream

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COLD CREAM

CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS

a) According to the function, cosmetics are classified into the following groups:

1)Decorative function (Example - Lipstick, Nail polish, etc.).

2)Corrective function (Example - Dry cream and heavy face powder).

3)Protective function (Example-Dry cream and heavy face powder).

4)Curative function (Example - antiperspirant, hair preparation, etc.

b) According to their uses, cosmetics are again sub-divided into the following
classes:

1)For the skin (Example Powder, Cream, Lotion, Deodorant, Bath and cleansing
preparation, Make up, etc.)

2) For the Hair (Example Shampoo, Hairtonic, Hair dressing, Shaving

preparation, etc.).

3) For the nails (Example - Nail polish, Nail conditioner, Polish remover, etc.). etc.).

4)For the teeth and mouth (Example - Dentifrices, Mouth washes)

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COLD CREAM

CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS

Figure2. CLASSIFICATION OF COSMETICS

 SKIN CARE PRODUCTS:

a. Face wash
b. Moisturizing cream
c. Vanishing cream
d. Cold cream

SKIN:-

Skin is the outer covering of the body. In human, it is the largest organ of the
integumentary system. The skin is making up 12-15% of body weight and with a
surface area of 1-2m.

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COLD CREAM

Skin is composed of three layers such as Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis or Subcutis

. The three layers of the skin form an effective barrier to the external environment,
allow the transmission of sensory information, and serve a significant role in
maintaining homeostasis.
Healthy, young vital skin is usually able to maintain sufficient moisture. In dry skin, the
barrier function may be insufficient owing to a variety of reasons. Although anyone
can develop dry skin, the condition is more prone in the 65-year and older age groups; in
those who live in dry, cold, or low-humidity climates; and in those who bath or shower
very frequently. Although most cases of dry skin are caused by environmental
exposures, certain diseases can also significantly alter the function and appearance of
the skin' [3]

The use of phytochemicals from a variety of botanicals have dual functions, they serve
as cosmetics for the care of body and its parts and the botanical ingredients present
influence biological function of skin and provide nutrients necessary for the healthy
skin or hair. Cosmetics are made from original ingredients in plants, leaves, roots,
fruits and flowers which have properties for health and beauty [4]

Fig 2nd: Structure of skin

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COLD CREAM

After the creams are rubbed on the skin, a sufficient quantity of the water evaporates
to impart a phase inversion to the water-in-oil type. The solvent action of the oil, as
external phase, imparts the cleansing properly.

In beeswax-borax type preparation borax reacts with the free fatty acid present in the
beeswax and produces soft soap which act as the emulsifying agent and emulsifies the
oil phase, containing beeswax, mineral oil, paraffin etc.., in the aqueous phase [5]

Fig 3rd: Structure of Epidermis

The main principle of cold cream involves slow evaporation of water phase which leads
to cooling sensation. On storage, phase inversion occurs and water-in-oil emulsion
cream is formed and this is often known as cold cream. On application, due to
evaporation of water, cold sensation is observed; hence, it is called cold cream. Oily
film remaining on the skin gives emollient action and protection to the skin [6]

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COLD CREAM

Cold Creams: Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats that is used to
smooth skin and remove makeup. It typically contains beeswax and other fragrances.

The European Pharmacopoeia refers to it as Fatty Cream. Water and oil are
combined in every type of cold cream. The water in the cream evaporates as you apply
it to your skin, giving you a cooling sensation. Most likely, the name came from this
chilling effect.
Moisturiser or moisturising cream are other names for cold cream. Cold cream needs
to behave emolliently. When used, it should feel cool to the touch and leave no
occlusive oil film on the skin [7]

Although it is an emulsion with a high proportion of fatty and oily content, it has a
cooling effect when applied to the skin because the water in the emulsion slowly
evaporates. An illustration of a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is cold cream [16,8]

In cold cream, the major portion is the oil phase. Simply, the cold cream is an oil-
based semisolid preparation. Cold cream is also known as Unguentum or Ceratum
Refrigerans. Generally, it contains mineral oil, beeswax, borax, and water .

It is a cosmetic that calms and cleanses the skin; it often has an oily and heavy
consistency. It fits the description of a cleansing cream [8]

Ideal Characteristics/Desired criteria of Cold Cream:-

 Normally, it shouldn’t be diluted.

 The cold cream’s pH should ideally range from 4.6 to 6.0.

 It should have the ideal consistency to allow for easy application and

removal from the container.

 Following external application, the skin should experience a cooling effect.

 To prevent water from evaporating from the skin’s surface, it must create a

thin, waxy protective coating on the skin.

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COLD CREAM

 Should have a quicker emollient action so that extremely dry skin can

quickly expand and soften.

 Ointments tend to be more oily.

 Creams often have a white to off-white colour, although they can also have

other colours, such yellow (Nystatin Cream USP).

 Easily applied to skin.

 Free of dusty components.

ADVANTAGES OF COLD CREAM

 Ease of application.

 Convenient to all the population.

 Avoidance of risk.

 In case of intra and inter-patient variations, avoid fluctuation of drug

levels.

 No special risk or technician required for application of product.

 Achievement of efficacy with lower total daily dosage of drug.

 High patient compliance

DISADVANTAGES OF COLD CREAM

 Larger particle sized drugs cannot be easily absorbed through the skin

pores.

 Chances of skin irritation of contact dermatitis due to any drug

interactions.

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COLD CREAM

 Poor absorption may result due to the poor permeability of some drugs

through the skin[9]

 Chances of allergic reaction.

 It can be used mainly for drug which required very small plasma

concentration for ạction.

 Denaturation of the drugs takes place due to the presence of an enzyme in

epidermis. Consult your doctor if you develop blurred vision, ringing, or

roaring[10]

BENEFITS OF COLD CREAM

 Being natural, least harmful effect on the skin or other body parts.

 Relatively more safe.

 More placebo effect to the consumers due to its use in traditions and

culture.

 Flexibility in formulation.

 Population proves effects from ancient time.

 Easy availability

 Economical

 It helps to cleans and beautify the body without side effects

 It normalizes the body functions .

 It has extreme nutritional value with high content of vitamins and

minerals.

 It enhances the energy level of body.

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COLD CREAM

 It stimulates the body's immune system without disturbing the natural

balance of body.

 Variety of Phyto-constituents can be incorporated

Uses of Cold Cream

 Moisturizer – Hydrates and nourishes dry skin, especially in winter.

 Makeup Remover – Effectively dissolves makeup, including waterproof

products[11]

 Cleansing Agent – Helps remove dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin.

 Skin Softener – Keeps the skin smooth and prevents roughness.

 Protective Barrier – Forms a protective layer against harsh weather

conditions.

 Anti-Aging Benefits – Reduces fine lines by keeping the skin well-

moisturized[19]

 Soothing Agent – Calms irritation, redness, and minor burns.

 Hand and Body Cream – Can be applied to rough areas like hands,

elbows, and knees.

 Lip Treatment – Helps heal dry, chapped lips.

 Mild Treatment for Eczema – Provides relief from dry and flaky skin

ALOE VERA

Aloe vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. It is widely distributed,
and is considered an invasive species in many world regions.

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COLD CREAM

An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula, but grows wild
in tropical, semi-tropical, and arid climates around the world. It is cultivated
for commercial products, mainly as a topical treatment used over centuries.
The species is attractive for decorative purposes, and succeeds indoors as a
potted plant. It is used in many consumer products, including beverages, skin
lotion, cosmetics, ointments or in the form of gel for minor burns and sunburns.
There is little clinical evidence for the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera
extract as a cosmetic or topical drug, and oral ingestion has risk of toxicity
[12]

 Leaves

The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties
showing white flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of
the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. Aloe vera leaves contain
phytochemicals under study for possible bioactivity, such as lignans,
phytosterols, polyphenols, acetylated mannans, polymannans, anthraquinone
C-glycosides, anthrones and other anthraquinones, such as emodin and various
lectins [13]

 Flowers

The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each
flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2-3 cm long. Like other
Aloe species, Aloe vera forms arbuscular mycorrhiza, a symbiosis that allows
the plant better access to mineral nutrients in soil Aloe vera has been widely
grown as an ornamental plant [14]

The species is popular with modern gardeners as a topical medicinal plant and
for its interesting flowers, form, and succulence. This succulence enables the
species to survive in areas of low natural rainfall, making it ideal for rockeries
and other low water-use gardens. The species is hardy in zones 8-11, and is
intolerant of heavy frost and snow. The species is relatively resistant to most
insect pests, though spider mites, mealy bugs, scale insects, and aphid species
may cause a decline in plant health. This plant has gained the Royal
Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit [15]

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COLD CREAM

In pots, the species requires well-drained, sandy potting soil, and bright, sunny
conditions. Aloe plants can turn red from sunburn under too much direct sun,
though gradual acclimation may help.

The use of a good-quality commercial propagation mixed or packaged "cacti

and succulent mix" is recommended, as they allow good drainage. Terra cotta
pots are preferable as they are porous. Potted plants should be allowed to
completely dry before rewatering. When potted, aloes can become crowded
with "pups" growing from the sides of the "mother plant". Plants that have
become crowded can be divided and reported to allow room for further
growth, or the pups can be left with the mother plant. During winter, Aloe vera
may become dormant, during which little moisture is required [16]
In areas that receive frost or snow, the species is best kept indoors or in
heated glasshouses. Houseplants requiring similar care include haworthia and
agave.

 Locations
There is large-scale agricultural production of Aloe vera in Australia, Cuba, the
Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania, South
Africa, Spain, and the United States, with much of the output going toward the
cosmetics industry.

Biological activities of Aloe vera gel

It has been claimed that the polysaccharides in 1. vera gel have therapeutic properties
such as anti-inflammatory effects, wound healing, promotion of radiation damage
repair, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-neoplastic activities and
antioxidant effects [17]

Anti-inflammatory

effects Inflammation is a reaction by the body due to injury and is characterized by

swelling, pain, redness, heat and loss of function .Aloe gel reduces inflammation that
is induced by agents via promotion of prostaglandin synthesis as well as increased
infiltration of leucocytes, but is less effective against inflammation caused by agents
that produce allergic reactions [18]

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COLD CREAM

Wound healing effects

Wound healing is a response to injured tissue that results in the restoration of tissue
integrity. It was shown that aloe gel could improve wound healing after topical and
systemic administration in several studies, while others claimed no effect or even a
delay in wound healing. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the wound healing
effects of aloe gel, which include keeping the wound moist, increase epithelial cell
migration, more rapid maturation of collagen and reduction in inflammation [19]

Anti-cancer effects

The two fractions from aloes that are claimed to have anti-cancer effects include
glycoproteins (lectins) and polysaccharides. The anti-tumor activity of
polysaccharides isolated from A.vera has been investigated in many in vitro models as
well as in different animal species. Different studies indicated anti- tumor activity for
A. vera gel in terms of reduced tumor burden, tumor shrinkage, tumor necrosis and
prolonged survival rates. In addition to these effects, A. vera gel has also shown
chemo preventative and anti-genotoxic effects. One mechanism of action that was
proposed for these anti-cancer effects of aloe polysaccharides is stimulation of the
immune response [20]

Skin hydration effects

In a study where the moisturizing effects of cosmetic formulations containing different

concentrations of lyophilized 4. vera gel were studied, showed that only formulations
with higher concentrations (0.25 % w/w and 0.5 % w/w) increased the water content of
the stratum coecum after a single application. When the formulations were applied
twice daily for a period of2 weeks, all the formulations (containing concentrations of 0.1
% w/w, 0.25 % w/w and 0.5 % ww of A. vera gel powder) had the same effect.
However, the trans epidermal water loss was not changed by inclusion of the 4. vera
gel in the formulations compared to the vehicle used in the formulations. It was proposed
that the A. vera gel containing products improved skin hydration possibly by means of
a humectant mechanism [21]

Antimicrobial activities

The activity of A. vera inner gel against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria has been demonstrated by several different methods [6].

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COLD CREAM

Anthraquinones isolated from the exudate of A. vera have shown wide antimicrobial
activity.
The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was proposed to be mediated
through inhibition of solute transport in membranes. Many anthraquinones have shown
antiviral and/or virucidal effects on enveloped viruses [22]

Fig 4th: Benefits of Aloe vera

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COLD CREAM

Extraction of Aloe Vera ;-

Fig 6th: Aloe vera Gel Extraction by Centrifugal Process

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COLD CREAM

EXTRACTION

Choose Your Aloe Leaf:

When picking the leaves for the outermost ones - choose the oldest and largest of the
leaves to use.

Clean Away the Yellow Liquid

You may notice after cutting the leaf from the plant that there is a yellow liquid
oozing from the cut. This is a sap called aloe latex and it's not actually part of the aloe
vera gel, which you'll see is clear. Aloe latex contains laxative properties. To stop the
liquid from oozing everywhere, point the leaf vertically with the cut facing down, and
leave it sitting in a bowl to allow the liquid to drain.

Cut Away the Top Section of the Leaf

Towards the top end of the leaf, it starts to becomes much thinner. Rather than
spending time fiddling with this tiny amount of gel, trying to extract every last bit, cut
this portion off and compost it.

Cut Away the Spikes

Remove the spikey edges on either side of the leaf by carefully sliding the knife along
the edge of the leaf, keeping your hands a safe distance away. Cut as close to the spikes
as possible to avoid losing some of the gel in the process [23]

Remove the Top and Bottom Leaf 'Skin' Layers

The leaves have a flat side, and a curved side. Begin with the flat side. Lay your leaf
flat on a cutting board and carefully slice away the skin of the aloe vera leaf, pushing
your knife down into the chopping board as you slide it along the bottom, while also
pushing the top of the leaf down onto the knife to make it as flat as possible. Your
knife should be in between the gel and the green skin. Repeat on other side[24]

Making the Gel

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COLD CREAM

At this point, you should have slabs of clear gel. If you notice any bits of leaf left on
them, cut it away' The aloe vera gel can be used as is, or it can be blended up to break
down its fibrous structure. Simply pop the gel pieces into a blender and blitz until
frothy and liquified [25]

Preparation;-

The cold reams are prepared by the following steps's:

1) Beeswax is melted in a container on a water bath maintained at 70%

temperature and added with mineral oil; this is mixture A (oily phase)

2) Water is heated in another container at the same temperature and added with borax;
this is mixture B (aqueous phase).

3) Mixture B is slowly added to the mixture A with stirring to form a creamy.

Emulsion

4) In the last step, the preparation is brought down to 40°C temperature added with
a suitable perfume.
5) For 15 Minutes, the mixture was agitated to achieve a homogenous
formulation.

Marketed Formulations;-

• Ayur Aloe Vera Cold Cream- Aqua, Paraffinum Liquidum, Emulsifying wax,
Triethanolamine Stearate, Aloe vera, Rose extract, Cucumber Extract, Isopropyl
Myristate, Silicon Oil, Vitamin E, EDTA, Propylene Glycol, Allantoin,
Phenoxyethanol, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Fragrance.

Figure :-7

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COLD CREAM

Aroma Magic Aloe Vera Cold Cream- Natural Waxes, Wheat Germ and Almond
Oils, Aloe Vera Extract, Lecthin, Glycerine, Essential oils, Rose C Lavender Extract

Figure :-8

Deewal Cold Cream- Aqua, Paraffinum, Liquidum, Emulsifying Wax,

Triethanolamine Stearate, Aloe Vera Extract, Rose Extract, Cucumber Extract,
Propylene Glycol, Isopropyl Myristate, Silicon Oil, Vitamin E, Allantoin, EDTA,
Phenoxyethanol, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Fragrance.

Figure :-G
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COLD CREAM

Meglow Aloe Vera Cold Cream- Purified Water, Perfume, Light Liquid Paraffin,
Cetostearyl Alcohol, Aloe Vera Extract, Propylene Glycol, Bees Wax, Emulsifying
Wax, Glycerin, Glycerol Mono Stearate, Paraffinum Wax, Dimethicone, Cucumber
Extract, Octyl Methoxycinnamate, Avobenzone, Benzophenone 3, Borax, Sodium
Lauryl Sulphate, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Disodium EDTA.

Figure :-10

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COLD CREAM

2. REVIEW OF LITRATURE

L. V vigneshwaran et al (2022) Formulation and evaluation of herbal face cream with

green tea extract. The purpose of the work are to formulate and evaluate the herbal
face cream with green tea extract, turmeric, aloe Vera gel as a skin toner. The herbal
face cream was prepared by oil in water type of emulsion using mixture of alcoholic
extract of crude drugs.[26]

Ravirajsingh Gohli et.al (2021), The main of research poly herbal vanishing cream
and evaluate basis various evaluation parameter polyherbal vanishing cream were
formulate various medicinal properties. Poly herbal vanishing cream formulated
natural ingredients like mentha, clove, linseed, liquourice green tea, orange peel along
with synthetic ingredients. evaluation of formulation F1CF2 were done on different
parameter pH, stability e. t. c. [27]

Bhavana D Tambe et al (2021) Formulation and evaluation of vanishing herbal

cream of crude drugs. o/w emulsion based cream was formulated using natural
ingredients and was evaluated. By combining all these ingredients it can be concluded
that this cream can be used as multipurpose cream and the ingredients mixed can
produce synergistic effect of the other. This work focuses on the potential of herbal
extracts for cosmetic purposes and the use of bioactive ingredients. Cosmetics
potentiate biological functions of the skin and provide nutrients essential for healthy
skin or hair.

Pooja Giradhkar et.al (2021), The poly herbal cream is ready bu utilisation
following that are curcuma loga, solanum lyco perisum, carica papaya, rose oil, olive
oil, almond oil, refined water.

V Sarovar Reddy et.al (2021), Formulation and evaluation of analgesic vanishing

cream. the purpse of research to formulate evaluate analgesic vanishing cream.
Prepared analgesic cream was evaluated the physical parameter and in vitro study
determined. Prepared analgesic vanishing cream was pleasant, easily washable and
avoid patient compliance.

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Zarang, et. al. (2021) formulated the wound is a break in the integrity of the skin
produced by injury, illness, or operation. Wound healing is an essential dynamic
biological/physiological process in response to tissue damage. The huge health,
economic, and social effects of wounds on patients and societies necessitate the
research to find novel potential therapeutic agents in order to promote wound healing .
[28]

Shinde Prajakta et al(2020), formulation and evaluation of vanishing herbal Cream

of crude drugs. The plant material is collected and identified and prepared using
alcoholic extract of crude drugs including c offinale, turmeric, nutmeg, cinnamon. In
this preparation steps include preparation of alcoholic extract of crude drugs, prepare
the all phase, aqueous phase and addition of aqueous phase to oil phase. This
vanishing cream are evaluated for physicochemical property and antibacterial activity
and stability studies are also performed. The cream was used for Antibacterial and
antioxidant property. [29]

Jaminathan et.al. (201G) has done the Formulation and Evaluation of Aloe vera and
Dacus Carota herbal cold cream. Aloe Vera and Daucus Carota are well known for its
medicinal and Cosmeceuticals value in The Indian traditional system of medicine.
present project work It extract and prepare herbal cream.Aloe vera contains
mucopolysaccharides are bits of help i maintaining moisture into the skin. Aloe
stimulates fibroblast which helps in produces the collagen that makes the skin more
elastic and less wrinkled. Aloe's benefits can be attributed a last partly to its nutrients
since it contains proteins, carbohydrates including i polysaccharides, vitamins
(including B1, B2, B3, B6, C, and folic acid) and minerals. [30]

Anuradha Keshwar et al. (2016) formulated a poly herbal cream and evaluated the
cold cream. In day to day practice the medicinal plants or herbs are widely used by the
traditional practitioners for curing various diseases. There is an increase in demand
of plant-based medicines, cosmetics, health products, food supplements and various
pharmaceutical products. The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate cold
cream using Bombax ceiba fruit pulp. Traditionally, Bombax ceiba is a well-known
plant used in treatment of many diseases, with its therapeutic activity partly due to
the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, sesquiterpenoids, shamimicin,
bombamalosides, bombamalones, bombasin,

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bombasin 4-0-glucoside, and bombalin. The literature stated the plant having various
pharmacological atties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-
inflammatory, ummunemodulatory, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic,
and analgesic[31]

Storm JE et al. 2016), formulated from time immemorial creams as topical

preparations are considered an important part of cosmetic products. Creams may be
considered pharmaceutical Products as even cosmetic creams are based on techniques
developed by pharmacy and un based cream is increased day by day[32]

Manisha Yogesh Sonalkar et.al. 2016) formulated a poly herbal cream and
evaluated.
Cosmetics are the preparations which used to beautify and enhance the human
appearances. The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the aloe
cold containing plant extracts prepared by using water in oil method for the purpose of
nourishing and moistening the skin. The cold cream is prepared by using the rose oil
and extract of aloe vera. Quality evaluation of the formulated product was assessed by
using different evaluation methods. No change of the physical properties was
observed in formulated cream. The formulated cream showed good consistency and
spread ability, pH, no evidence of phase separation during study period of research.
Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature, viscosity and fragrance of the
formulated cream showed that there was no significant variation during the study period
of research. The herbal extract containing cold cream gives the cooling and soothing
effect due to slow evaporation of water present in the emulsion. The cold creams are
more moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which reduces the water loss from the
stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. They are water-in-oil emulsion and
intended for application on skin or accessible mucous membrane to provide localized
and sometimes systemic effect at the site of application[33]

Cleve, et. al. (2016) studied about Skin infections occur commonly and often present
therapeutic challenges to practitioners due to the growing concerns regarding
multidrug-raised bacterial, viral, and fungal strains. The antimicrobial properties of
zine sulphate and copper sulphate are well known and have been investigated for
many years. However, the synergistic activity between these two metal ions as
antimicrobial ingredients has not been evaluated in topical formulations. Objective.
The minimum effective concentration was found to be 3

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w/w% for both active ingredients against the two tested microorganisms. This study
evaluated and confirmed the synergistic in vitro antibacterial effect of copper supate
and zine sulphate in a cream and two gels [34]

Dr. Yadav A. V et.al (2015), have done the Formulation and Evaluation of
Multipurpose Herbal Cream Herbal. Cosmetics are the preparations used to enhance
the human appearance. The aim of the present research was to formulate the herbal
Cream for the purpose of Moistening, Nourishing, lightening C Treatment of various
diseases of the skin. Different crude drugs; Aloe barbadensis (Aloe Vera leaves),
Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi-leaves), Azadirachta Indica (Neem-leaves), Curcuma longa
(Turmeric-rhizomes), Cedro O l (Lemon Peel), Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg seeds),
Olium rosae (Rose Oil), Orange Oil, Prunus dulcis (Almond oil) were taken.
Accelerated stability testing of two final sample has been conducted in the
environmental chamber with temperature 25 10C and humidity 60 $ 10% RH. All the
products were found to be stable with no sign of phase separation and no change in the
colour [35]
Mishra B et al, (2013) studied the aim of the present study is to formulate and
evaluate cold cream eniched with vitamin and almond oil providing moisturizing
effect. The cold cream was prepared by incorporating beeswax, borax, sweet almond
oil, vitamin E and all other excipients. Fusion method is used for the formulation of
the cold cream. Five different foulations are prepared and evaluated for the
compliance with the pharmacopieal parameters. All the prepared formulations are
evaluated for the various parameters like pH, colour, homogeneity test, viscosity,
rheological studies, stability studies, etc. Among all the formulations, F4 shows the
best result and all the parameters comply with the IP standards. Stability studies proved
that there are no significant changes in the formulated cold cream. Thus, it is
concluded that the vitamin E enriched cold cream is well formulated and evaluated
with almond oil as an internal phase [36]
N. Shaha et al. (2006) studied how the creams were formulated based on the
antioxidant potential of herbal extracts and its evaluation. Selected plant parts are
dried and extracted using 70% alcohol by maceration. The extract was tested for
antioxidant activity by superoxide scavenging activity. Quality evaluation of the product
16 was assessed by using different evaluation methods. No change of the physical
properties was observed; the pH was in a proper range (approximately pH6). The
marker Curcumin was present in the extract, formulation and the peak were
comparable with standard Curcumin obtained by HPLC. The formulations showed
good spread ability, no evidence of phase separation and good consistency during this
index and angle of repose. The evaluation was carried out using the methods
prescribed in pharmacopoeias [37]

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3. AIM s OBJECTIVE

AIM:

The aim of present study and evaluate aloe vera cold cream.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the marketed aloe vera Cold Cream using suitable bases in different ratio
and suitable methods(emlisification techniques). The evaluation parameters are as
follows:

 Homogeneity C Appearance

 Organoleptic evaluation

 Sensitivity Test

 Washability

 pH

 Irritancy Test

 Viscosity

 Spread ability

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4. PLAN OF WORK:-

To achieve this objective the following plan of work was made;-

 Literature survey
 Selection of drug and excipients
 Method of preparation
 Evaluation of the cream
 Conclusion
 Reference

HERBAL DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE;-

Bees Wax: Beeswax is one of the most important ingredients in home-made cosmetics.
Why on earth I haven't yet written a word about beeswax? Maybe beeswax is just so
self-evident that I haven't even thought about it. However, beeswax is the most
versatile ingredient that suits perfectly to the skin. The beeswax itself is clear and
transparent. Worker bees chew the beeswax which brings propolis to wax. The pollen
carried by the worker bees gives to beeswax its clear, yellow color.

Figure 11th:- Bees wax

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Aloe Vera: Aloe vera is a herbal plant species belonging to family Liliaceae. It is an
ingredient in many cosmetics because it heals, moisturizes, and softens skin.
We just have to cut one of the aloe vera leaves to extract the soothing gel. Aloe vera
contains amino acids like leucine, isoleucine, saponin glycosides that provide
cleansing action, vitamins A, C, E, B, choline, B12 and folic acid and provide
antioxidant activity. Aloe vera has great moisturizing properties because it is rich in
polysaccharides, which also give it a gel-like appearance [32]

On the other hand, its structure forms a protective film for the skin, which helps in its
healing properties. Sometimes the gel also serves as analgesic and anti- inflammatory
properties that benefits on skin wounds, burns and promotion of radiation damage
repair. The leaf exudate contains several components that cause skin irritation and
erythema (redness). It is recommended to be used only in formulations and avoid leaf
exudate.

Figure 12th: Aloe Vera

Rose Water: Rose water is created by distilling rose petals with steam. Rose water is
fragrant, and it's sometimes used as a mild natural fragrance as an alternative to
chemical-filled perfumes. Rose water has been used for thousands of years, including
in the Middle Ages.

It's thought to have originated in what is now Iran. It's been used traditionally in both
beauty products and food and drink products. It also comes with plenty of potential
health benefits.

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Figure 13th: Rose water

Distilled Water: Distilled water is water that has been boiled into vapor and
condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Impurities in the original water that
do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container.
Thus, distilled water is a type of Purified water. Purified water is water that is
essentially free of microbes and chemicals. This is achieved by reverse osmosis
(forcing the water through a membrane to get rid of chemicals, minerals and microbes),
ozonation (disinfecting water using ozone rather than a chemical), or distillation. The
EPA requires purified water to not contain more than 10 parts per million of total
dissolved solids in order to be labelled purified water.Distilled water is a type of
purified water. Salts, minerals, and other organic materials are removed by collecting
the steam from boiling water [34]

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Figure 15th: Distilled water

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Methyl p-hydroxy benzoate: The compound is widely used as a preservative for

foods, cosmetics and medicines. Those methyl paraben-containing products caused
contact dermatitis and drug hypersensitivity (Larson, 1977; Mowad, 2000), but there has
been no fundamental study on allergic reactions related to methyl paraben. Methyl
para hydroxy benzoate has been found to cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritations
Since it is an endocrine disruptor, methyl para hydroxy benzoate can mimic the
hormone estrogen and cause negative effects to glands that secrete reproductive
hormones Million Marker does not recommend that pregnant women or women trying
to conceive expose themselves to methyl p- hydroxy benzoate[34]

Figure 16th: Methyl-P-Hydroxy Benzoate

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5. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The material used in the formulation of the cream is given in the table 1 and the
equipment's are given in the table-2.

Sr No. Ingredients Suppliers

1 Beeswax Central Drug House Private Ltd.
2 Borax Labogens
3 Liquid paraffin Central Drug House Private Ltd.
4 Distilled water KBK Enterprises
5 Rose water Dabur
6 Methyl-p-hydroxy Central Drug House Private Ltd.
benzoate
Table 1st: Ingredients use to prepare cold cream

Sr No. Equipment’s Name Manufactured By

1 Beaker Boroglass
2 Glass rod Zoom Scientific World
3 Thermometer GERA Research
4 Heating mantle Laby Care
5 Measuring cylinder Reli Glass India
6 Weighing machine Digital Scale
7 Mortar and pestle -
Table 2nd:Equipment used in the preparation of cold cream

Sr No. Ingredients Roles

1 Aloe vera gel Anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory
2 Beeswax Gives thickness to the cream
3 Borax Acts as an emulsifying agent
4 Liquid paraffin Lubricating agent
5 Rose oil Fragrance

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6 Methyl p-hydroxy Preservative

benzoate
Table 3rd:Role of Ingredients

Formulation of cold cream

The cream was prepared by using the cream base that is bee's wax, liquid paraffin, borax,
methylparaben, distilled water, rose oil, Aloe Vera gel. The cream was prepared by
using the slab technique/extemporaneous method for geometric and homogenous
mixing of all the excipients and the aloe extracts. By using slab technique, we have
developed three batches of our herbal cream, namely F1, F2, and F3. All three batches
were evaluated for different parameters like appearance, PH, viscosity, phase separation
[36]

Formulation of aloe vera cold cream:

Liquid paraffin and beeswax in a borosilicate glass beaker at 75 °C and maintain that
the temperature. (Oil phase). In another beaker, dissolve borax, methyl paraben in
distilled water and heat this beaker to 75 °C to dissolve borax and methyl paraben and
to get a clear solution . (Aqueous phase). Then slowly add this aqueous phase to heated
oily phase.
Then add measured amount of aloe Vera gel and stir vigorously until it forms a
smooth cream Add few drops of rose oil as a fragrance. Put this cream on the slab and
ad few drop of distilled water if necessary and mix the cream in a geometric manner
on the slab to give a smooth texture to cream and to mix all the ingredients properly. This
method is called as slab technique or extemporaneous method of preparation of cream
[38]

Sr No. Ingredients Formula F1 Formula F2 Formula F3

1 Beeswax 15 gm 20 gm 25 gm
2 Borax 0.8 gm 0.8 gm 0.8 gm

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3 Liquid paraffin 50 gm 50 gm 50 gm
4 Aloe vera 1 gm 1 gm 1 gm
5 Rose water 33.2 gm 28.2 gm 23.2 gm
6 Methyl-p-hydroxy 0.02 gm 0.02 gm 0.02 gm
benzoate

Table 4th: Formulation of cold cream (100gm)

EVALUATION OF COLD CREAM

The following several test may perform to evaluate the quality of cold cream.

Morphological Evaluation:
Determination of Physical appearance

The physical appearance of cold cream was inspected visually against dark
background. The average of three reading is recorded. The result is given in the table
no 4 [38]

Organoleptic Evaluation

The organoleptic properties like colour, odour, physical state, appearance and
roughness of the prepared cold cream were evaluated. The Result mentioned in table
no. 5

Homogeneity

Homogeneity is the formulated cold cream was tested for the homogeneity via visual
appearance and by touch. After feel Emolliency, slipperiness and amount of residue
left after the application of fixed amount of cream was checked. Type of smear After
application of cream, the type of film or smear formed on the skin were checked. The
ease of removal of the cream applied was examined by washing the applied part with
tap water[37]

Washability

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The cream was applied on the hand and observed under the running water. The result
mentioned in table no. 6

Sensitivity

Test The cream which was prepared has applied on 1cm skin of hand and exposed to
sunlight for 4-5mins. Data mentioned in table 7.

Ph:-

The pH meter was calibrated with the help of 6.8 standard buffer solution. Weigh 0.5g
of prepared cream and dissolve it in 50ml of distilled water and its pH was measured
with the help of digital pH meter. Result in table no. 8 [39]

Fig 17th:Digital ph meter

Irritancy test

Mark an area 1sq.cm) on the left-hand dorsal surface. The cream was applied to the
specified area and time was noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema was checked if any for

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regular intervals up to 24 hours and reported [37]

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Viscosity

Viscosity of the herbal cream was determined with the help of Brookfield
viscometer at 100 rpm with a spindle number 64. Results in table no. 8
cP = TK * SMC * 1000/RPM

Where,

cP = Viscosity
TK - Torque %

SMC = Spindle multiplier constant

Spreadability test

The spreadability was expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip
off from the cream, placed in between the slides, under certain load. Lesser the time
taken for separation of the two slides better the spread ability. Two sets of glass slides
of standard dimension were taken. Then one slide of suitable dimension was taken and
the cream formulation was placed on that slide 5
Then other slide was placed on the top of the formulation. Then a weight or certain load
was placed on the upper slide so that the cream between the two sides was pressed
uniformly to form a thin layer. Then the weight was removed and excess of
formulation adhering to the slides was scrapped Off. The upper side was allowed to
slip freely by the force of weight tied to it. The time taken by the upper slide to slip off
was noted [40]

Spreadablity=M *=L/T

Where;

M = weight which is tied to or placed over the upper slide (30g) L

= length of glass slide (5 cm)
T = time taken in seconds

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6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Physical observation

Sr No. Parameter Formula F1 Formula F2 Formula F3

1 Colour Faint green Faint green Faint green
2 Odour Pleasant Pleasant Pleasant
3 Texture Smooth Smooth Smooth
4 State Semi solid Semi solid Semi solid

Table 5: physical observation

Washability observation

Sr No. Formulation Washability

1 F1 Easily washable
2 F2 Easily washable
3 F3 Easily washable

Table 6: Wash ability Sensitivity

study observation

Sr No. Formulation Irritancy Edema Erythema

1 F1 No No No
2 F2 No No No
3 F3 No No No

Table 7: Sensitivity study observation

Ph;-

Sr No. Formulation pH

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1 F1 6.7
2 F2 6.2
3 F3 6.6
Table 8: ph observation

Viscosity:-

Sr No. Formulation Spreadability Viscosity

1 F1 15.18 40326
2 F2 20.4 32304
3 F3 32.4 41431
Table G: viscosity

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7. CONCLUSION

By using Aloe Vera gel the cream showed a multipurpose effect and all these aloe
ingredients showed significant different activities. Based on results and discussion, the
formulations F1, F2 and F3 were stable at room temperature and can be safely used on
the skin. How ever the formula 1 showed the best results in all aspects.
All the Cold cream formulations shows pH in the range of 6 to 7 which is good for
skin.
Based on the resultant data obtained from the different evaluation parameters it can be
concluded that the prepared formulations were stable and safe to use. In future, they
may further be subjected for stability studies and in-vivo studies using human
voluntaries.

DISCUSSION
The viscosity of all 3 formulations was in the range of 43000 to
31000 cps, which indicates that the cream is easily spreadable by
small amount of shear. Change in drug concentration may leads to
changes in the pH of preparations. According the result, all the
formulations i.e. Fl to F3 showed no sign of irritancy, erythema and
edema. It indicates that the prepared herbal cold cream was safe to
use and all the formulations i.e. Fl to F3 are easily washable. The F3
formulation shows

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