HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT DOC.

NO :
DEPARTMENT-HAMCO
HAM-EHSS-PR-006
SAFETY PROCEDURE

CONFINED SPACE PROCEDURE REV : 00

CONFINED SPACE PROCEDURE

A 25/8/2023 Issued for Approval PRABIN SANISH SINU

Prepare Checked Approved
Rev# Date Description
d by by by

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Section Index
1. Purpose
2. General
3. Reference
4. Responsibilities
5. Identification of Confined Space Worker
6. Confined Space Terms and Definations
7. Confined Space
8. Training and Responsibilities of Designated Employees
9. Permit Requirements
10. Confined Space Entry Plan
11. Atmospheric Gas Testing
12. Ventilation Plan
13. Cleaning
14. Training
15. Communication
16. Rescue Operation
17. Program Review

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1. Purpose

This document provides a set of guidelines and safety precautions detailing the requirements for
work performed inside confined space.

2. General

This procedure outlines the requirements for working in Confined Spaces. Its purpose is to
identify confined spaces, safe work practices, and required training for designated responsible
employees.

3. Reference

 Health, Safety and Environment Management Plan

 Subpart J of 29 CFR Part 1910.146

 Subpart Z of 29 CFR Part 1910

 OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200

4. Responsibilities

 Project Director is responsible for compliance with this procedure.

 Project Manager, he and his team member responsible for this work, shall be responsible
for physically inspection of the work performing location and will ensure that work
location or equipment is safe for confined space work and before start of work, all the
procedural requirements are fulfilled. He shall inspect the site by himself and will make
audit during work performing to verify the safety requirement compliance as per
procedure, in case of any failure immediately lead the situation and rectify the problem and
take action against responsible person who caused the failure.
 HSE Manager is responsible for developing the procedure and review it if in case there is

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any change in the requirement. He will assign his team member for site activities
inspection, audit and recommendation for corrective action. He and his team shall be
responsible to stop any work inside confined space if found is not being followed as per
procedure and there is immediate danger to lift or health.

 Confined Space Entry Supervisor

Supervisor of confined space entry will be responsible for:
 Review the confined space entry plan that is unique to the specific confined space.
 Communicate the confined space entry plan (e.g., specific confined space
hazards, precautions, responsibilities, emergency procedures) to entrants
and standby men.
 Ensure proper work permits (confined space entry, hot work, etc.) are issued
prior to allowing work to commence.
 Designate qualified standby men who are fluent in the language needed to
communicate with the CSES or rescue team.
 Verify entrants and standby men are properly trained.
 Provide sufficient manpower and equipment for safe confined space entry and
work inside the space.
 Coordinate confined space operations when employees of more than one
maintenance crew will be working simultaneously inside or adjacent to the
confined space.
 Verify the confined space is properly isolated, purged, and the atmosphere is safe to
enter as part of the confined space entry permit issuance process.
 Ensure the atmosphere within the confined space is monitored as indicated on the
confined space entry permit and/or the confined space entry plan.
 Ensure confined space entry and gas test logs are properly completed.
 Ensure the proper PPE is provided to personnel entering the confined space and
to each standby man.
 Ensure the confined space entrance is barricaded/blocked and a “NO ENTRY” sign
posted if the confined space entry is suspended.
 Terminate confined space entry and cancel work permit(s) as necessary (e.g.,
unsafe conditions develop).

 Confined Space Standby Man

Responsibilities of confined space standby man are:

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 Review the confined space entry plan and applicable work permits to
understand the confined space hazards, precautions, responsibilities and
emergency procedures.
 Understand the effects of exposure to potential hazardous substance(s) in the confined
space.
Maintain a confined space entry log and maintain a continuous count of entrants.
 Prevent unauthorized personnel from entering the confined space.
 Monitor activities inside and outside the confined space to determine if it is safe for
entrants to enter and/or remain inside the space.
 Maintain two-way communication with entrants to monitor entrant status (e.g.,
behavioral effects of hazard exposure) and alert entrants of a need to evacuate the
confined space.
 Have communications equipment readily available on-site and immediately notify
proper personnel (e.g., rescue team) in event of an emergency.
 Remain at the confined space entry point until relieved by another designated
standby man or until all entrants have exited the confined space.
 Never attempt to enter the confined space, even in an emergency, until relieved.
 Perform no entry rescues as specified by the rescue plan.
 Perform no other duties that could interfere with the primary responsibilities of a
confined space standby man.
 Order entrants to evacuate the confined space under any of the following conditions:
o An unsafe condition develops inside or outside the confined space.
o An entrant displays abnormal behavioral effects of hazard exposure.
o If the standby man must leave the area and no relief confined space standby
man is provided.
 Employees and Entrants
All employees and entrants are responsible for:
 Review the confined space entry permit and confined space entry plan and verify
that all precautions have been properly implemented.
 Never enter a confined space unless authorized to do so and only once appropriate
control measures have been identified and implemented
 Understand the effects of exposure to potential hazardous substance(s) in the confined
space.
 Understand the proper use of PPE that is to be used inside the confined space.
 Communicate with the confined space standby man to enable the standby man to
monitor the entrants’ status (e.g., behavioral effects of hazard exposure).

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 Report any hazards and defects immediately.

 Promptly alert the confined space standby man and other entrants, and/or exit
from the confined space as quickly as possible, whenever:
o An order to evacuate is given by the confined space standby man or the CSRT.
o The entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to a
hazardous condition or substance.
o An emergency alarm is activated.

5. Identification of Confined Space Workers

5.1. Qualified Person: An employee who by virtue of training and/or experience is capable of
authorizing Confined Space entry, determining atmospheric conditions, and validating an entry
permit. This authorization is delegated by site management and must also include the authority
to cancel or terminate entry at his discretion if hazardous conditions arise or are suspected.

5.2. Confined Space Attendant (also referred to as "standby personnel"): An employee

trained in basic rescue techniques, hazard recognition, communication methods, and control of
Confined Space entrants.

5.3. Confined Space Worker/Entrant: An employee authorized to work in a Confined

Space who has received appropriate training to perform his or her assigned duties under
the entry permit program. Entrants shall be provided the opportunity witness
atmosphere monitoring and equipment calibration data. Entrants will be trained in
confined space entry.

5.4. Rescue Team: A team of rescue personnel, either in-plant or members of an outside
organization, with the responsibility to respond to Confined Space emergencies and
perform advanced rescue if and when required.

6. Confined Space Terms and Definitions

 Acceptable Environmental Conditions: Confined Space workplace conditions in

which uncontrolled hazardous atmospheres are not present and which include an
additional environmental criterion the employer may require for employee entry into
a permit-required Confined Space.

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 Attendant – An individual stationed outside the permit-required Confined Space who

is trained as required by this standard and who monitors the authorized entrants
inside the permit-required Confined Space. An attendant may not monitor more
entrants nor more permit spaces than the entry permit specifically authorizes.

 Authorized Entrant – An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a

permit- required Confined Space. Authorized entrants may rotate duties, serving as
attendants if the permit program and the entry permit so state. Any properly trained
person with the authority to authorize entry by other persons may enter the permit
space during the term of the permit provided the attendant is informed of that entry.

 Blanking or Blinding - The absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by fastening

across its bore a solid plate or "flange" which completely covers the bore; which
extends at least to the outer edge of the flange at which it is attached; and which is
capable of withstanding the maximum upstream pressure.

 Double Block and Bleed – The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by locking and tagging
a drain or vent which is open to the atmosphere in the line between two locked-
closed valves.

 Emergency - Any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring

equipment) or event(s) internal or external to the Confined Space which could
endanger entrants.

 Engulfment – The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely

divided solid substance

 Entry - The act by which a person intentionally passes through an opening into a
permit- required Confined Space and includes ensuing work activities in that space.
The entrant is considered to have entered as soon as any part of the entrant's face
breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

 Entry Permit - The written or printed document established by the employer, the
content of which is based on the employer's hazard identification and evaluation for
that Confined Space (or class or family of Confined Spaces if a number of spaces may
contain similar hazards) and is the instrument by which the employer authorizes his
or her employees to enter that permit- required Confined Space. The entry permits:
defines the conditions under which the permit space may be entered; states the
reason(s) for entering the space; the anticipated hazards of the entry; for entries

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where the individual authorizing the entry does not assume direct charge of the
entry, lists the eligible attendants, entrants, and the individuals who may be in charge
of the entry; and establishes the length of time for which the permit may remain
valid.

 Entry Permit System – The employer's written procedures for preparing and issuing
permits for entry and returning the permit space to service following termination of
entry and designates by name or title the individuals who may authorize entry.

 Hazardous Atmosphere - An atmosphere, which exposes employees to a risk of

death, incapacitation, injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:

a. A flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower

flammable limit (LFL);

b. An atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5%

c. An atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a permissible

exposure limit is published in Subpart Z of 29 CFR Part OSHA 1910 and could
result in employee exposure in excess of its permissible limit(s). When an
air contaminant for which OSHA has not determined a permissible exposure
limit may be present in the permit space atmosphere, OSHA recommends
employers consult other sources of information such as Material Safety Data
Sheets, which comply with the Hazard Communication Standard 1910.1200,
for guidance in establishing the acceptable environmental conditions for
entry by their employees; and/or

d. Any atmospheric condition recognized as immediately dangerous to life or health.

 Confined Space - An excavations 1.2 m (4 ft.) deep or deeper, areas above floating
roof tanks where the top of the roof is more than 1.2 m (4 ft.) below the rim of the
tank, inside tank and vessels are also considered confined spaces.

 Hot Work Permit - The employer's written authorization to perform operations

which could provide a source of ignition, such as riveting, welding, cutting, burning,
or heating.

 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) - Any condition which poses an

immediate threat of loss of life; may result in irreversible or immediate severe health

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effects; may result in eye damage; irritation or other conditions which could impair
escape from the permit space.

 Immediate-severe Health Effects – Any acute clinical sign(s) of a serious exposure-

related reaction manifested within 72-hours after exposure.

 Purging - Rendering the atmosphere of a permit space non-flammable, non-

explosive, or otherwise chemically non-reactive by such means as displacing or
diluting the original atmosphere with steam or a gas that is non-reactive with respect
to that space.

 Inerting – Rendering the atmosphere of a permit space non-flammable, non-

explosive, or otherwise chemically non-reactive by such means as displacing or
diluting the original atmosphere with steam or a gas that is non-reactive with respect
to that space.

 In-plant Rescue Team – A group of two or more employees designated and trained
to perform rescues in permit spaces in their plant.

 Isolation - The separation of a permit space from unwanted forms of energy, which
could be a serious hazard to permit space entrants. Isolation is accomplished by such
means as blanking or blinding; removal or misalignment of pipe sections or spool
pieces; double block and bleed; or lock out and/or tag out of all energy sources.

 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) – Minimum concentration of a combustible gas, vapor,

or dust in the air which ignite in the presence of an ignition source.

 Line Breaking – Means the intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has
been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a
pressure or temperature capable of causing injury.

 Low-hazard Permit Space – A permit space where there is an extremely low

likelihood that an IDLH or engulfment hazard could be present and where all other
serious hazards have been controlled.

 Not-permitted Condition – Any condition or set of conditions whose hazard

potential exceeds the limits stated in the entry permit.

 Oxygen-deficient Atmosphere: An atmosphere containing less than 20 percent

oxygen by volume.

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 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – The maximum eight-hour time weighted

average of any airborne contaminant to which an employee may be exposed.
However, at no time shall the exposure level exceed the ceiling concentration for that
contaminant.

 Permit-required Confined Space (permit space): An enclosed space which;

a) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and
perform assigned work;
b) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (some examples
are tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits and diked
areas);
c) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy; and,
d) Has one or more of the following characteristics:
 Contains or has a known potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
 Contains a material with the potential for engulfment of an entrant;
 Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be
trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or a floor
which slopes downward or tapers to a smaller cross-section;
or,
 Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards.

 Permit-required Confined Space Program – The employer's program for

preventing unauthorized employee entry and for ensuring safe entry into and work
within permit spaces by authorized employees.

 Retrieval Line – A line or rope secured at one end to the worker by a chest-waist or
full-body harness or wristlets, and with its other end secured to either a lifting (or
other retrieval) device to an anchor point located outside the entry portal.

 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – The American Conference of Governmental

Industrial Hygienists (ACHIIG) has established three categories of TLV for airborne
contaminants and they are defined as follows –

 Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) – The time weighted

average concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and for a 40-hour week to
which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse
effect.

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 Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-STEL) – A STEL is

defined as a 15-minute time weighted average exposure which should not exceed at
any time during a work day even if the eight-hour TWA is within the TLV. Exposures
as the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not be repeated more
than four times per day. These should be at least 60 minutes between successive
exposures at the STEL.

 Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling (TLV-C) – The concentration that should not be

exceeded even instantaneously.

7. Confined Spaces

7.1 Confined Spaces are identified as any area with a limited means of access/egress and
subject to oxygen deficiency, accumulation of flammable vapor, or any airborne
contaminant that exceeds established Workplace Exposure Limits *(WEL) or which is
not intended for continuous employee occupancy. Confined spaces include, but are not
limited to, storage tanks, process vessels, ventilation and exhaust ducts, manholes, pits.

7.2 Identification of Confined Spaces will be determined first by use of the Project
identification system whereby signs have been posted to alert employees of areas that
have been classified as Confined Spaces. All Confined Spaces will be treated as ‘Permit-
Required Confined Spaces” and therefore a Confined Space where atmospheric
evaluation is recommended. Management will accept the responsibility to evaluate all
potentially hazardous areas and initiate the terms of this procedure.

8. Training and Responsibilities of Designated Employees

Each affected employee must be trained prior to his / her initial assignment, prior to change in

assigned duties, if a new hazard has been created or special deviations have occurred.

8.1 Qualified Person:

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1) Persons to authorize or in charge of entry will be trained in and perform assigned

duties as follows:

a) Ensure that an approved confined space entry permit is in place and display
in the vicinity before entry.

b) Ensure only trained worker enter the confined space and that required
procedures, practices, and equipment for safe entry are in effect before allowing
entry.

c) Conduct appropriate atmospheric evaluation of the Confined Space via the use
of testing equipment on which he has been trained to operate.

d) Determine that all requirements of the entry permit have been met before allowing
entry.

e) Ensure that operations remain consistent with the terms of the entry permit at all
times.

f) Cancel entry authorization at any time when conditions change or inconsistent

with the guidelines of this procedure.

g) Terminate entry authorization upon completion of the scheduled work.

h) Determine that unauthorized personnel are prohibited from entry at all times.

2) Specific training/instruction for Qualified Persons will include:

a. Use and calibration of Monitoring Equipment

b. Hazard Communication
c. Permit Authorization and Termination
d. Hazard Recognition
e. Contacting Advanced Rescue Personnel
8.2 Confined Space Attendant

1) Persons authorized as attendants will be trained in and perform assigned duties as follows:

a) Remain stationed outside the Confined Space at all times during entry operations.
b) Maintain confined space entry log sheet and an accurate count of all persons
inside Confined Spaces.
c) Ensure that permits specifically required by certain projects will be used as required.

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d) Recognize potential permit space hazards and monitor conditions to ensure that
a safe atmosphere remains.
e) Maintain continuous communication with authorized entrants. Be alert for any
emergency.
f) Monitor activities inside and outside the confined space to determine if it is safe
for entrants to enter and/or remain inside the space.
g) Maintain two-way communication with entrants to monitor entrant’s status
(e.g., behavioral effects of hazard exposure) and alert entrants of a need to
evacuate the confined space.
h) Authorize evacuation of Confined Spaces when hazardous conditions or
permit violations exist.
i) Prevent entry of unauthorized personnel.
j) Contact of advanced rescue personnel if required.
k) Order entrants to evacuate the confined space under any of the
following conditions:

 An unsafe condition develops inside or outside the confined space.

 An entrant displays abnormal behavioral effects of hazards exposure.

 If the standby man must leave the area and no relief confined space standby
man is provided.

2) Confined space entry Attendants must be present at the area and will not be permitted

to monitor more than one confined space at a time and never attempts to enter in

Confined space.

3) Specific training/instruction for Confined Space Attendants will include:

a. Hazard Communication
b. Respiratory Protection
c. Hazard Recognition
d. Communication Techniques
e. Basic Rescue
f. Use of Breathing Apparatus (BA)

8.3 Authorized Entrants

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 Employees who work as authorized entrants will be trained in and perform assigned
duties as follows:

a. Be aware of Confined Space hazards that may be encountered.

b. Recognize hazard exposure symptoms.
c. Understand exposure hazards and their results.
d. Maintain contact with the attendant.
e. Understand the proper use of PPE that is to be used inside the confined space.
f. Not enter a confined space until satisfied that all necessary precautions have been
properly taken to ensure the safety, isolation procedures, LOTO and clearly
understand the work assignment within the space.

 Recognize the need and initiate self-evacuation when necessary or when they

perceive that danger is present.

a. Hazard Recognition
b. Communication Techniques
c. Use of Personal Protection Equipment
d. Self-rescue
e. Hazard Communication

9. Permit Requirements

A. All employees and workers who should work within the provisions outlined in the Confined
Space Entry Permit. All portions of the permit should be completed by the Qualified Person.
The completed permit should be posted at the Confined Space entrance and will then become
the responsibility of the attendant. Upon completion of the shift or the work (whichever is
the first to occur), the attendant will sign the permit to indicate that all entrants have safely
exited the Confined Space and return the permit to the Qualified Person for retention.

B. Upon placement of the permit, the attendant is responsible for control of the work area and
has full authority to cease operations or terminate entry at any time. These actions will be
reported to the Qualified Person immediately following their occurrence. The authority of the
attendant will be superseded on by the Qualified Person and/or a recognized member of the

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HSE Department who believes work should be stopped based on suspicion of imminent
danger.

C. A Confined Space Entry Permit may be requested for spaces opened for extended periods of
time and in which permanent or temporary/portable ventilation equipment is utilized.

D. Voltage shall not exceed 24 volts for electrical tools during use inside a confined space,
without the approval of HSE manager (As per OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1203 (General
Requirements) do not prescribe the level of detail for lighting requirements described,
because it is up to the employer to evaluate the space to determine the specific hazards and
establish the specific controls to protect workers and rescue personnel from those hazards.)
and if required more than 24 volts, assessment shall be made and Client HSE approval shall
be required for it.
When natural lighting is not sufficient, additional lighting will be provided. It must not be
exceed 12 volts in damp conditions and will be equipped with a ground fault circuit
interrupter. In hazardous atmospheres, explosion-proof lighting will be required.

10. Confined Space Entry Plan

The confined space entry plan (JSA/Risk Assessment) shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

a. Scope of work.

b. Results of hazard evaluations (e.g., potential hazards in the confined space and the

adjacent area).

c. Location and method for each isolation point of the confined space, including a

drawing and blinding list to assist in verifying isolation of all energy sources.

d. Access and egress requirements.

e. Fall protection plans whenever an entrant could fall more than 1.8m (6ft).

f. Work permit requirements for controlling hazards inside the confined space.

g. Types of equipment required for confined space entry (e.g., scaffolding, air movers,

rescue equipment, communication equipment, fire extinguishers).

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h. Emergency response/rescue procedures.

i. Assessment of medical condition of entrants before entering the confined space

11. Atmospheric Gas Testing

11.1 Atmospheric gas testing within confined spaces shall include, but not be limited to,
testing for oxygen (O2), flammable mixtures (Lower Explosive limit (LEL) toxic
gases (e.g., H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO).
11.2 Atmospheric gas test shall be performed and immediately recorded:

a. Prior to entry.

b. After breaks or other interruptions in the work.

c. If there is any reason to believe that conditions inside the confined space have changed.

d. At periodic intervals (e.g., every 2 hours if required) as necessary to determine

whether acceptable atmospheric conditions are being maintained during the

course of the confined space entry.

11.3 Certified gas tester with a calibrated and suitable gas testing equipment
11.4 Initial gas testing prior to entry shall be performed with al mechanical ventilation
shut down at least 15 minutes prior to testing.
11.5 Initial entry shall be prohibited if gas testing indicates an oxygen deficiency or the
presence of unacceptable levels of flammable (LEL) or toxic materials, etc., within
the confined space. Only after purging with mechanical ventilation and/or clean-up
has rendered the space free of hazardous concentrations (as verified by continuous
gas testing inside the confined space) shall initially entry be allowed.
11.6 Additional gas testing (e.g., after breaks) shall be conducted with the ventilation
system turned on to ensure that contaminants are being removed and that the
ventilation system is not a source of contamination.
11.7 Continuous gas testing (e.g., by use of personal gas monitors) shall be used if the
atmosphere inside the confined space is subject to change or if confined space entry
activities involve combustion (e.g., welding or torch cutting).
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11.8 Whenever a hazardous atmosphere is detected, the confined space shall be

evacuated of all personnel until corrective actions have been taken and it has been
taken and it has been verified by the Confined space entrant supervisor that the
confined space is safe for re-entry.
11.9 Hot work shall not be permitted if the atmosphere is above 0% of the LEL.
11.10 The following conditions are required prior to entry into or work inside a confined
space:

A. No atmosphere-supplying respirator is required if:

1. Oxygen (O2) concentration is between 19.5% and 23.5%.

2. Flammable mixtures are less than 5% of the LEL.
3. CO is at or below 35 parts per million (ppm).
4. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is at or below 10 ppm. (OHSA-29 CFR-1915.12(b)(3)
- Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined and enclosed
spaces and other dangerous atmospheres)- An employee may not enter a
space where the concentration of flammable vapours or gases is equal to or
greater than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit. Exception: An employee
may enter for emergency rescue or for a short duration for installation of
ventilation equipment necessary to start work in the space, provided

o No ignition sources are present.

o The atmosphere in the space is monitored continuously.
o Atmospheres at or above the upper explosive limit are maintained)

5. Other potential toxic gas concentrations are at or below their threshold limit
value (TLV).

B. An atmosphere-supplying respirator shall be continuously worn if:

1. O2 concentrations is less than 20.0%.

2. Flammable/combustible mixtures are at or above 5% and less than 10% of the LEL.
3. CO concentration is at or above 35 ppm and less than 1,000 ppm.
4. H2S concentration is at or above 10 ppm and less than 100 ppm.
5. Other potential toxic gas concentrations are above their designated TLV and
at or below their IDLH level.

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 Confined space entry is not permitted at concentrations above 23.5% O2, at or

above 10% LEL, above 1,000 ppm CO, above 100 ppm H2S, or above the IDLH of any other
potential toxic gas.

12. Ventilation Plan

12.1 Mechanical ventilation (e.g., air movers) shall be used to ensure the removal of all
hazardous airborne contaminants in confined spaces where a hazardous
atmosphere exists or could develop during the course of planned work (painting,
welding, etc.).
12.2 If the confined space is within process equipment or where combustible or
flammable material may be present, mechanical ventilation shall be used during the
entire period of occupancy, even if gas testing indicates no hazardous
concentrations inside the space.
12.3 Flammable/toxic gases or vapours vented from a confined space shall be removed
in such a manner that the release does not pose a risk to employees, equipment or
operations. Precautions shall be taken to eliminate potential sources of ignition in
areas where flammable gases or vapours are vented.
12.4 Where practical, mechanical ventilation shall provide air blowing into the bottom or
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lower portion of the confined space and exhaust out the top or upper portion of the
space.
12.5 Blowers or other means of introducing air into a confined space shall be placed so
as to minimize the possibility of introducing air contaminants (e.g., CO).
12.6 All electrical and static-producing equipment, including air movers, shall be
properly grounded and bonded to the vessel/tank (if applicable).
12.7 Mechanical ventilation/cooling shall be directed at the immediate areas where
persons are working within the confined space and shall continue until all person(s)
have left the space
12.8 For some jobs, such as welding, grit blasting, spray painting, etc., additional
ventilation may be necessary to sufficiently reduce the accumulation of hazardous
vapour, mist or particulates. Local exhaust ventilation may also be required for such
jobs when the internal configuration of the confined space impedes air circulation.
12.9 Plant air or engine-driven compressed air shall never be used for mechanical ventilation.
12.10 In lieu of mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation may be used as the source of
ventilation in a confined space only if there is no potential for the development of a
hazardous atmosphere. Examples of such locations include entries into open
excavations or structures, diked areas surrounding tanks, etc.
12.11 For nitrogen purging of an equipment (tank, vessels etc.), safety precautions shall be:
o Area shall be isolated where purging will be in progress and safety signs shall be
posted for awareness and prohibition to entry in isolated area.
o Persons who will be assigned for this job, shall be experienced and trained.
o It will be ensured that all involved persons are communicated about the
nitrogen gas hazard.
o All points (inlet or outlet) shall be verified, equipment shall be inspected to verify
there is no any other point is open except inlet and outlet.
o Outlet point shall be hard barricade, stand by man shall be assigned.
o All hoses shall be out of any damage and at connection whip arrestor shall be used.
o Pressure will not be increased above rated capacity of equipment’s and hoses.
o Ear plugs shall be used during purging and communication shall be established.
Siren shall be arranged if there nearby people are working to let them aware.
o After purging completed, gas testing shall be ensured to measure the oxygen level.

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13. Cleaning

13.1 Confined spaces shall be cleaned and decontaminated of hazardous materials.

Cleaning and decontamination shall be performed to the maximum extent feasible
before entry by personnel.
13.2 Piping between the confined space and point(s) of isolation shall be drained,
cleaned or flushed of hazardous material and hazardous contaminants.
13.3 Additional precautions (e.g., more frequent gas testing) shall be taken when
cleaning insulated, double-walled, jacketed or lined piping and equipment in confined
spaces to avoid contamination from trapped materials. Additional precautions shall
be taken when cleaning vessels with chemicals, because they may contain hazardous
materials.
13.4 The method of cleaning, type of equipment used and safe work procedures shall be
selected based on the specific hazards of the confined space.
13.5 Hazardous materials, such as pyrophoric waste, shall be disposed properly and as
per standard.
13.6 Entrants and equipment shall be decontaminated and cleaned as necessary during
and after the confined space activity.

14. Training

14.1 Confined space entry supervisors, standby men, entrants, etc., shall receive confined
space entry training that is appropriate to their specific responsibilities. Refresher
training shall be provided periodically.

14.2 Confined space entry training and refresher training shall include, but not be
limited to, the following topics:
a. Hazards associated with confined space entry.

b. Specific responsibilities of entrants, standby men, entry supervisors, rescue personnel, etc.

c. Confined space entry permit requirements.

d. PPE requirements.
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e. Proper mechanical ventilation techniques and atmospheric gas testing

14.3 Training for confined space standby men shall also include the following at a minimum:
a. Hazards that may be encountered by entrants and the signs and symptoms of
overexposure to potential contaminants inside the confined space.

b. Procedures for summoning rescue or other emergency services.

c. Proper use of equipment used for communicating with entrants and emergency
response personnel.

14.4 Training for emergency response and confined space rescue personnel shall
include the following at a minimum:

a. Emergency response training, including specific training for confined space rescue.

b. Use of emergency rescue equipment and medical equipment expected to be used

during a confined space rescue.

c. First aid and basic life support, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated
external defibrillator.

15. Communication

 Ensure that appropriate communication systems are in place prior to entry into a confined space.
 The Communication system shall ensure uninterrupted communication
o Between those inside the confined space
o Between those inside the confined space and those outside the confined space
o To summon help in case of an emergency
o Between those outside the confined space to raise the alarm to those inside the confined space and
o From those outside the confined space to initiate emergency procedures
 Communication systems shall be intrinsically safe, reliable, and frequently tested and below
information will be updated and mention in Rescue Plan.

16. Rescue Operation

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1. In the event of an emergency, Project personnel, trained in advanced rescue, will be

utilized to assist in directing the rescue effort pending the arrival of the designated

rescue team.

2. Employees who conduct rescues must be provided with proper personal protective

equipment and trained in the proficient use of that equipment. Employers must

evaluate a rescuer’s ability To respond in a timely manner (the specific hazard involved

will determine what is considered to be timely)

3. Confined space entries to have a documented rescue plan.

4. Rescue equipment shall be available and will be ensured that are effective, list is as under

but not limited:

o SRL (Self Retractable Lanyard)

o Full body harness

o Tripod

o Communication devices (Radio or walkie-talkie)

o Stretcher

o Life Line

o Rope

o Radio

17. Program Review

1) This program shall be reviewed annually and revised as necessary to protect employees from

confined space hazards.

2) The program shall be reviewed anytime that there is:

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a. An unauthorized entry of a confined space.

b. A hazard discovered that was not addressed by the permit.

c. The occurrence of an injury or near miss; and

d. Employee complaints.

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