Goruav
Uploaded by
yogradheyGoruav
Uploaded by
yogradheylOMoARcPSD|58579491
Physics-investigatory To find the refractive indices of (a)
water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an equiconvex
lens - Google Docs
Corporate law (Hindustan International School Guindy)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
Physics
Investigatory Project
I CS
YS
PH
Year :- 2023-2024
Y :- Gourav Krishn
B SameerBhardwaj
Chauhan
ROLL No. :-11
Class :- XII
T o find the refractive indices of (a) water (b)
oil
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
CERTIFICATE
Gourav Krishn
This is to certify that Master Sameer
BhardwajChauhan,astudentofclassXII
has successfully completed the research on the below mentioned CS
projectundertheguidanceof__________________(SubjectTeacher)
during the year 2025-26
2023-24 in partial fulfilment of Physics Practical
I
YS
Examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi.
PH
1
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people
have best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged
support, this time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have
been concerned with project.
rimarily I would thank god for being able to complete this
P
project with success. Then I would like to thank my Physics CS
Teacher___________________, whose valuable guidancehas
been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full
I
YS
proof success his suggestions and his instructions has served as
the major contributor towards the completion of the project.
PH
T hen I would like to thank my parents and friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has
been helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.
L ast but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who
have helped me a lot.
2
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
INDEX
Sr No. Content Tile Page no.
1. Introduction 4
2. AIM 5
3. Apparatus 5
4 Diagram 6
5. Theory
CS 7
6. Procedure 9
I
YS
7. Observations 12
PH
8. Calculations 14
9. Result 15
10. Precautions 15
11. Sources of Error 16
12. Bibliography 17
3
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
INTRODUCTION
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction n ofa materialis a d imensionless
numberthat describes how lightpropagates throughthat medium. It is defined as
𝐶
𝑛 =
𝑉
W here cis the speed of lightin vacuumand vis the p hasevelocityof light in the medium.
For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333; meaning that light travels 1.333 times
faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
I CS
YS
PH
4
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
AIM
o find the refractive indexes of (a) water
T
(b) oil using a plane mirror, an equi-convex
lens, and an adjustable object needle.
APPARATUS
I CS
YS
✔
Convex Lens
PH
✔Plane Mirror
✔Water
✔Oil
✔Clamp Stand
✔An Optical Needle
✔Plumb Line
✔Knitting Needle
✔Half Meter Scale
✔Glass Slab
✔Spherometer
5
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
DIAGRAMS
I CS
YS
PH
6
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
THEORY
1 .Iff1 andf2 be the focal length of the glassconvex
lens and liquid lens and f be the focal length of their
combination then:-
𝐹𝑓2
1
𝐹
1
𝑓
= +
1
𝑓2
or f2=𝑓 −𝐹
1 1
2 . Liquid lens formed a Plano-concave Lens withR1=R CS
andR2=∞then by using lens make’s formula
I
YS
1 1
1
= (𝑛 − 1)
⌊ 𝑅 − ⌋
PH
𝑓2 1
𝑅2
1
1
=(𝑛 − 1)
⌊ 𝑅1 − ∞
⌋
1
= (n-1)⌊ 𝑅 − 0⌋
𝑛−
1
1
𝑓2
=
𝑅
𝑅
n = 𝑓 + 1
2
7
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
Wheren=Refractive index of the liquid
R=the radius of the curvature of the convexlens.
3 . The radius of the lower surface of the convex lens is
given by:
2
𝑙
ℎ
R = 6ℎ + 2
CS
ere,lis the average distance between the legs ofthe
H
I
YS
spherometer andhis the difference in the readingof the
spherometer when placed first on the convex lens and
PH
then on planemirror.
8
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
PROCEDURE
(a) For focal length of convex lens:
1. Find the rough focal length of the convex lens.
2 . Place a plane mirror on the horizontal base of the
iron stand and then a convex lens on the plane mirror.
I CS
YS
3 . Hold the needle in the clamp stand and adjust its
position on the stand such that there is no parallax
PH
between tip of the needle and its image.
4 . Measure distance between tip and upper surface of
the lens by using a plumb line and half metre scale. Also
measure the distance between the tip of the needle and
the upper surface of the mirror. Take the mean of the two
readings. This means distance will be equal to the focal
length of the convex lens (f1).
9
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
(b) For focal length of the combination.
5 . Put a few drops of the water on the plane mirror and
put the convex lens over it with its same face above as
before. The water spreads in a form of layer and acts
like a Plano-concave lens.
6 . Repeat the steps 3 and 4 to determine the equivalent
focal length of the combination. CS
7. Record the observation.
I
YS
8 . Repeat the steps 5, 6, 7 for other transparent liquid
(oil).
PH
(c) For radius of curvature of convex lens surface:
9 . Determine the pitch and the least count of the
spherometer.
1 0. Remove the convex lens and dry it completely. Put
the spherometer on this lens surface.
10
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
1 1. All the three legs of the spherometer should be
placed symmetrically on the lens and adjust the central
screw tip to touch the surface of the lens.
1 2. Remove the spherometer from the surface of the lens
and place it on the plane mirror surface and record the
reading.
13. Repeat the steps 10 and 11 three times.
1 4. Obtain the impressions of the three legs of the CS
spherometer on a paper and mark them and their
I
average distance.
YS
PH
𝑙1 +𝑙2 +𝑙 3
l = 3
11
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
OBSERVATIONS
Pitch of the spherometer= 1 cm
Least count of the spherometer= 0.01 cm
Distance between the legs:
( 1)AB = cm
3
(2)BC
(3)CA
=
=
3 cm
3 cm
I CS
YS
PH
Table for calculation of ‘h’
S.No Initial reading N o. of F inal dditional
A =nx M
h ean
of the C.S. on complete reading of C.S div. pitch “h”
the convex rotations the c.s on moved +mx (cm)
lens the glass L.C
(a) (n) slab
1 62 0 6.5 55.5 0.555 0.5775
2 64 0 4 60 0.6
12
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
To measure focal length ‘f’ of convex lens
istance of needle tip from
D
Area S.No Tip of the upper Upper Mean F ocal
between surface of the surface of 𝑥
1+𝑥2 Length
x=
lens and convex lens(cm) the plane 2 (cm)
plane mirror X1 mirror(cm)
X2
Without
1 30.5 31 30.75 f 1=
liquid 33.85
2 36.7 37.2 36.95
With water 1 31.4 CS
31.8 31.6 f2=34.7
2 37.5 38.1 37.8
I
YS
With oil 1 9.4 9.6 9.5 f3=10
2 10.4 10.6 10.5
PH
13
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
CALCULATIONS
Mean distance between two legs
𝐴𝐵+𝐵𝐶+𝐶𝐴
𝑙 = 3
= 3 cm
Mean of h=
(0.555+0.6)
2
= 0.5775cm
To find the radius of curvature of the convex lens:
2
𝑙
ℎ
𝑅 = + = 2. 8861𝑐 𝑚
6ℎ 2
CS
Measurement of refractive indices of water and oil
I
YS
PH
1)With water between the convex lens and the plane mirror:
𝑅 2.8861
µ1 = 1 + 𝑓2
= 1
+ 34.7
= 1. 0831
2) With oil between the convex lens and the plane Mirror
𝑅 2.8861
µ2 = 1 + 𝑓3
= 1
+ 10
= 1. 2886
14
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
Results
The refractive index ofwater is µ1= 1.0831
The refractive index ofoil is µ2 = 1.2886
PRECAUTIONS
I CS
YS
1. T he plane mirror should be clean and fully shining
surface.
PH
2. The liquid taken should be transparent.
3. The parallax should be removed tip to tip.
4. The eye should be at a distance about 30 cm from the
needle while removing the parallax.
5. Only few drops of liquid should be taken so that its
layer should be thick.
6. The legs of the spherometer should be vertical.
7. The centre leg of the spherometer should turn in one
direction only.
15
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
SOURCES OF ERROR
. L iquid may not be quite transparent.
1
2. The parallax may not be fully removed.
3. The spherometer legs should be placed symmetrical on
the surface of the convex lens.
4. The tip of the central screw should not just touch the
surface of lens or mirror.
I CS
YS
PH
16
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil
BIBLIOGRAPHY
HELP FROM TEACHERS
●
●NCERT TEXTBOOK
●NCERT Physics Lab Manual
●britannica.com
●www.scribd.com
●microscopyu.com
I CS
YS
PH
17
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|58579491
Downloaded by Yogradhey (swamijadbharat@gmail.com)
You might also like
- Physics Investigatory To Find The Refractive Indices of A Water B Oil Transparent Using A Plane Mirror An Equiconvex Lens Google Docs Pages DeletedNo ratings yetPhysics Investigatory To Find The Refractive Indices of A Water B Oil Transparent Using A Plane Mirror An Equiconvex Lens Google Docs Pages Deleted15 pages
- 3 Anil Kumar Refractive Indices of A Water B OilNo ratings yet3 Anil Kumar Refractive Indices of A Water B Oil14 pages
- Physics Investigatory To Find The Refractive Indices of A Water B Oil Transparent Using A Plane Mirror An Equiconvex Lens Google DocsNo ratings yetPhysics Investigatory To Find The Refractive Indices of A Water B Oil Transparent Using A Plane Mirror An Equiconvex Lens Google Docs23 pages
- Manasvini Shekhawat - Refractive Indices of (A) Water (B) OilNo ratings yetManasvini Shekhawat - Refractive Indices of (A) Water (B) Oil14 pages
- Physics Investigatory Project File 1 KVNo ratings yetPhysics Investigatory Project File 1 KV22 pages
- Anil Kumar - Refractive Indices of (A) Water (B) OilNo ratings yetAnil Kumar - Refractive Indices of (A) Water (B) Oil13 pages
- PHY - Project - Final Investigatory ProjectNo ratings yetPHY - Project - Final Investigatory Project16 pages
- Physics Investigatory Project ADITYA BANERJEENo ratings yetPhysics Investigatory Project ADITYA BANERJEE17 pages
- Investigatory - Projects - Physics ROHIT SASMAL100% (1)Investigatory - Projects - Physics ROHIT SASMAL15 pages
- To Find Refractive Index of Water and Oil (Using Plane Mirror)No ratings yetTo Find Refractive Index of Water and Oil (Using Plane Mirror)18 pages
- 4 Data Link Layer Medium Access Control SolutionsNo ratings yet4 Data Link Layer Medium Access Control Solutions25 pages
- Basic Concepts in Biochemistry A Students Survival Guide 2nd Edition by Hiram Gilbert 0071356576 978-0071356572 Instant Download100% (3)Basic Concepts in Biochemistry A Students Survival Guide 2nd Edition by Hiram Gilbert 0071356576 978-0071356572 Instant Download56 pages
- Kehinde Wileys Napoleon Leading The Army Over The AlpsNo ratings yetKehinde Wileys Napoleon Leading The Army Over The Alps5 pages
- Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology, 6th Edition Ebook Download100% (12)Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology, 6th Edition Ebook Download16 pages
- Job Description - Junior Mechanical EngineerNo ratings yetJob Description - Junior Mechanical Engineer2 pages
- Chapter-3 P-2 Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 - Manufacture of DrugsNo ratings yetChapter-3 P-2 Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 - Manufacture of Drugs10 pages
- EIT Course IEC 61850 Substation Automation CSZ BrochureNo ratings yetEIT Course IEC 61850 Substation Automation CSZ Brochure3 pages
- Ted Turner's Rise: From Billboards to CNNNo ratings yetTed Turner's Rise: From Billboards to CNN5 pages