Life Safety Systems in Buildings

Outline
Introduction
Passive and Active Fire Protection
Components of a Bu1ilding Fire Protection
Building Code of the Philippines: Fire Protection
NFPA- National Fire Protection Agency

LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM

- Refers to any system incorporated into a building

whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
human life during an emergency or failure of a critical
building system
 Passive and Active Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection
Refers to elements utilized in the building to with to
withstand fire for a certain period ensuring the safe
evacuation of the occupants
This includes:
✓ Fire walls and doors
✓ Fire resistant glasses
✓ Occupancy separations
✓ Fire dampers
✓ Fire stops
✓ Cable coating
✓ Fire Proofing cladding

Passive and Active Fire Protection

SCIMCC ENCLOSURE.S
~MOKE DffRAC. t ON llUl.'l'ING

Service Enclosures F ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE TYPES - NEMA RATINGS

1
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
SEIMCE ENCLOSl!ltES

NEMA 1 ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURES

- When installed in non-hazardous environments, NEMA Type
· 1 enclosures are a cost-effective solution to protect valuable electronics
and prevent public access to dangerous electrical equipment.

NEMA 3 ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURES

This is because NEMA 3 enclosures provide protecton against falling dirt,
rain, snow, sleet and ex:emal ice formation. While they may not be suitable
for ext reme weather conditions, these enclosures can function as
outdoor electrical juncton boxes to protect electrical wiring
connectioos and cables.

i I ,~,I...,,
'
 Smoke Extraction Plenums
~
SMOKE EXTRACTION
' I Smoke extraction consists in evacuating part of the srroke produced by the
fire by creating a height of tree air under the layer of smoke. The goal is : - To
PLENUMS facilitate the evacuation of the occupants - To limit the spread of fire - To
/, allow firefighters access to the premises.

~
Extraction-Plenum system. This is an extension of the plenum system in
which extraction fa ns are used for the exit of the vitiated air from the room.

--

Smoke Barriers
A smoke barr ier is a 1-hour rated barier that separates two
smoke compartmen1s and extends from the floor to the deck
above. This rating is regardless whether the smoke compartment
is fully protected with sprinklers.
SMOKE IIAftlU

STE.

Building with several smoke compartments

Steel Protection
lntumescent coatings are epoxy-based, paint-like mixtures
applied to the primed steel surface. When subjected to high heat,
these coa~ings expand to many times their orig.inal thickness,
forming an insulating blanket that protects the steel member from
heat. These coatings allow for fire ratings of up to four hours.

SIEU. "ROTE<:flON

Fireproof board protection does not ri;1quire high environmental conditions, steel base
surface , good decorative effect, collision resistance, impact resistance, and abrasion
resistance, environmental conditions do not restrict construction, construction efficiency
is high, ,especially suitable for cross-working and not allowed The occasion of w et
construction.
 Steel Protection

Fire Resistant Ceilings

The primary purpose of acoustical ceilings in a fire-
resistance-rated assembly is to limit the spread of f.-e across
the ceiling panel either below or above the occupied space,
and to limit the movement of heat and smoke through the
panel or assembly .

Ratings for fire resistance are given in accordance

to the time a s tructure can contain a simulation
fire. More specifically , if a wall is constructed in a
manner that closely resembles a tested wall w hich
has shown to contain flames and high
temperature for one hour, it is eligible to receive a
1...hour ndlnn

Ventilation Ductwork
Ventilation Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilaion,
and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows
include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts
commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air.
Smoke Extraction Ducti nq
A smoke ext ract ductwork is a n
emergency system, and fire insulation
will be able to handle the exhaust
temperatures, havn g been proven in a
fire test.

VENTllATION
OUCI~

Penetration Seals
Service penetration seals are passive The purpose of fire sealants is to seal any small
PCN£TAATT~ sEAtS fire protection systems designed to openings (up to 2-4 cm in diameter) so as to prevent a
SMO~ maintain the fire resistance of building fire from traveling from a fire area/compartment to
element or section - wall or floor - another area/compartment of a building or structure.
where services such as cables, cable
trays, pipes or ventilation ducts pass
through them.

Fire Compartment Walls ~

FllllCOIIU'AAIMf.NTW..US Compartment Walls - A bLilding or

part of a building comprising one or
more rooms, spaces or storeys
constructed to prevent the spread of
fire to or from another part of the same
building or an adjoining building."

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···----·······-·--·· .
Passive and Active Fire Protection
Active Fire Protection
- Includes fire protection
elements that need an
action, either manually or
automatic, to function such
as extinguisher, a sprinkler
system, fire alarm, and a
like

Passive and Active Fire Protection

Water Based
System

Hydrant
System System J
Wet Riserl Sprinkler
System
Spray
System
J Foam
Syst em

Components
7 Important Components:

1. Fire Sprinklers
2. Fire Alarm and Detections System
3. CCTV Security Cameras
4. Access Control System
5. Alarm and Security Monitoring
6. Emergency and Exit lighting
7. Fire extinguishers
7 Important Components of Life Safety Systems
Life safety systems are made up of elements that are designed to protect your building
and its occupants during a fire or emergency situation. There are many components that make
up life safety systems. Having an integrated and fully functioning life safety system can
improve the safety of your business. Here are some things elements that should be considered
when designing a building’s life safety system:

1. Fire Sprinklers or Suppression

Sprinklers and suppression systems are critical to the safety of the people in your
building. These systems are designed to react to a fire by extinguishing or suppressing a fire
before it causes extensive damage to the building or harms the people inside.

2. Fire Alarm & Detection System

These systems detect the presence of a fire and alert the people within the building.
This allows people to evacuate the building safely before the fire becomes too large.
3. CCTV (CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION) Security Cameras

Having security cameras installed in your facility can help to deter crime and monitor the
activities of your facility. CCTV cameras provide peace of mind by recording videos of your
property.

4. Access Control Systems

An access control system helps to secure your building by controlling who can enter
your facility. This prevents unauthorized personnel from entering your property and causing
damage or harm.

Magnetic Lock
V- to Relay NC Access
Control
V+ to 12V DC System

Relay COM Push

Power Supply
or Adaptor Press

+12V DC To Exit

GND
Exit Push Button

5. Alarm & Security Monitoring

Monitoring your alarm and security systems provides 24-hour protection for your
building in emergency situations. When an alarm in your building activates, authorities will be
alerted immediately to make sure that your building is attended to as quickly as possible.
 Cent ra l Co nt ro l Room Ethernet
1/0 Device, VGA

FPM-7211W UNO-2483
Indu strial Monitor wilh Intel Core i7/ i3/Celeron
projective Capacitive Touch Automation Computer
Screen

ADAM-6052 ADAM -6052

16-ch isolated 010 16-ch isolated 0 10

Fire Detector Temperature Humidity Alarm

.. Buzz er Fire Detector Temperature Humidity Alarm Buzzer

6. Emergency and Exit Lighting

It is important to have emergency and exit lighting in your facility to allow occupants to
safely find their way to an exit. These emergency lighting systems work when the power is out
in a facility.

7. Fire Extinguishers

A fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish small fires before they grow into larger
uncontrollable fires. Having fire extinguishers throughout your building and along with
personnel who are trained to operate them can help save lives.

m
• cloth • gasoline electrical combustible kitchen
• wood • grease fires metals fires
• rubber • oil
• paper
• plastics
Building Code of the Philippines : Fire Protection
RULE V I - FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 601. Flro- Roslstlvo Rating Dofln1od

Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as determined by
generally recognized and accepted testing methods.

SECTION 602. Fire- Resistive Time Period Rating

Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand being burned which may
be one- nour, tw~ hours. four- hours. etc.

SECTION 603. Firo-Resistivo Standards

All materials of construction, and type of materials and assemblies or combinations thereof shall
conform to the following fire-resistive ratings:

SECTION 604. Fire- Resistive Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and regulations on the testing of
construction materials for flame-spread characteristics, tests on fire damages, fire tests of building
construction and materials, door assemblies and tinclad fire doors and window assemblies, the
Installation or fire doors and windows and smoke and nre detectors for fire protective signaling system,
application and use of controlled interior finish, fire-resistive protection for structural members, fire-
resistive walls and partibons, fire-resistive floor or roof ceiling, fire-resistive assemblies for protection of
openings and fire-retardant roof coverings.

Building Code of the Philippines: Fire Protection

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