Active & Passive Fire Protection
System
- NIRANT JOSHI
INDEX
Introduction
Classification of Fire Controls
Passive Fire Protection System
Active Fire Protection System
INTRODUCTION
Introduction: The definition of fire protection of a building refers to the
building ability to detect, withstand, prevent and reduce any damage caused
by sudden un expected fire whether man made or non-man made.
There two main types of Fire Protection:-
i. Passive Fire Protection.
ii. Active Fire Protection.
Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Is an integral component of the three components of structural, fire
protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow
down the spread through use of fire–resistant walls, floors and fire rated
doors.
PFP
Are known as building materials that are always present and available within
the building, placed and located evenly every floors of the building.These
materials do not rely on the operation of any mechanical device in order to be
activated or triggered.
Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection – Aim
These materials are used within the construction of the building in the aim
to :
Contain the growth and spread of fire within the building with use of fire
rated walls and doors
Reduce the amount of damages of the building inflicted by the fire
Delaying the collapse of the building structure
Reduce the possible life and health risks of the building occupants and the
fire fighters.
Therefore it provides the building the strength to withstand fire for a certain
period of time, ensuring the safe evacuation of its occupants and the safety
of the building surrounding it.
Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection – Methods
Fire Walls
Fire Doors
Fire-resistant glasses
Fire Resistance rated floors
Occupancy Separations Fire Damper Cable Coating
Fire Dampers
Fire Stops
Cable Coating
Fire Proofing Cladding
Fire Stops Fire Resistant Glass
Passive Fire Protection
Fire door(assembly): A door or shutter provided for the passage of
persons, air or objects which together with its frame and furniture as
installed in a building is intended when closed, to resist the passage of fire
and/or gaseous products of combustion and is capable of meeting
specified performance criteria to those ends.
Fire-resisting glazed screen: Glazed structure or window
incorporating
fire-resisting glass and designed to resist the spread of fire and the
gaseous products of combustion for a stipulated period of time.
Passive Fire Protection
Automatic fire and smoke damper: A device which allows the
passage of
ventilation air in normal conditions through a duct, fire wall or partition
but closes automatically to prevent the passage of smoke and fire in a fire
condition for a stipulated period of time. Response to smoke is typically
achieved by linking to the automatic fire detection system.
Fire-resisting partition: An internal non load bearing vertical
dividing
structure designed to resist the spread of fire, heat, and the products of
combustion for a stipulated period of time. Such a partition can include a
glazed section or a fire door.
Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection - Compartment
Passive Fire Protection
Important Aspect of PFP
Air transfer grille
Automatic fire and smoke damper
Building hardware
Cavity barrier
Fire door(assembly)
Fire-resisting door set
Fire-resisting glazed screen
Fire-resisting glass
Fire-resisting suspended ceiling
Active Fire Protection
Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (fire fighting) or
automatically. Manual control includes the use of a fire extinguisher or a standpipe
system. Automatic control means can include a fire sprinkler system, a gaseous
clean agent, or firefighting foam system. Automatic suppression systems would
usually be found in large commercial kitchens or other high-risk areas.
Active Fire Protection
Type of Fire Protection Systems
Water Based System
Yard Hydrant System
Wet Riser System
Sprinkler System
Spray System
Gas Based Systems
Active Fire Protection
Gas based Fire Suppression Systems Hydrant System Wet Riser System
Automatic Sprinkler System FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Active Fire Protection
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS -
A fire extinguisher should never be used to prop open a door. It
should always be fixed to the wall, and it should be checked
monthly by a service technician.
Most modern fire extinguishers are developed to deal with many
different fire scenarios. Fire extinguishers can be filled with powder,
water additive, foam, or carbon dioxide
When choosing a fire extinguisher, be sure to pick one that will fight
the fires that are most likely to develop in your business or home.
Active Fire Protection
FIRE HOSE REEL -
The fire hose reel lets out a powerful stream of water that extinguishes
large fires. The hoses usually come in a fire hose reel, which holds 30
metres of tubing.
This makes the hose easy to unravel so a fire can be fought quickly.
Fire brigades can also attach different nozzles to the end of the hose
to fight a variety of fire situations.
A fire hose is one of the standard types of fire fighting equipment, and
it is efficient against even the largest fires
Active Fire Protection
FIRE BUCKETS -
A fire bucket is considered the simplest piece of fire fighting
equipment, but still serves a purpose. The standard red bucket has
the word 'Fire' written on it and it is made of metal or plastic.
It can be filled with water or you can fill it with a flame smothering
powder like Flamezorb. To use, dump the bucket over the fire and
keep repeating the process until the fire is out.
Active Fire Protection
Fire Sprinkler
A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler
system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been
detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been
exceeded.
Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million
sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings protected by properly
designed and maintained fire sprinklers.
Active Fire Protection
Being one of the oldest but yet the most effective and common
firefighting solution, a well-designed and a well laid out Hydrant
System forms the backbone of the entire firefighting system.
It comprises of heavy duty above & underground piping with
accessories. External and Fire Escape Hydrant valves are provided at
every strategic location.
Being one of the oldest but yet the most effective and common
firefighting solution, a well-designed and a well laid out Hydrant
System forms the backbone of the entire firefighting system.
It comprises of heavy duty above & underground piping with
accessories. External and Fire Escape Hydrant valves are provided at
every strategic location
Active Fire Protection
PURPOSE & USAGE OF HYDRANTS :
FIRE SUPPRESSION
Although fire hydrants are often used for other purposes, their primary function is is
to supply water for fire protection. Any other use is considered of secondary
importance and rigorously controlled for the protection of the water distribution
system.
LINE FLUSHING
The fire hydrants ease of operation and high flow capability make it a
natural for use in flushing distribution system main lines. When line flushing
is done in conjunction with systematic hydrant inspection, the primary
function of the fire hydrant is kept in proper perspective.
Active Fire Protection
TESTING SYSTEM
The City often uses fire hydrants to test the hydraulic capabilities of the distribution
system. These tests, like line flushing, should be conducted in conjunction with tests to
evaluate distribution system flow capacities in accordance with fire flow requirements as
well as customer flow and pressure needs.
OTHER USES
Fire hydrants are also commonly used as a water source for street cleaning, sewer
cleaning, commercial construction, street construction, and as a watering point for other
commercial applications. BACKFLOW PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS Anytime a public or
privately-owned hydrant is used for purposes other than fire suppression, flushing, or flow
testing, a backflow prevention device must be used to protect the City water system. The
Water Division has backflow prevention devices that can be installed by City personnel
Active Fire Protection
Fire blanket
A fire blanket is a sheet of fire retardant material that is designed to be
placed over a fire to smother it out. small fire blankets are meant for
inception stage fires. They are normally made of fiberglass or Kevlar. Larger
ones can be found in laboratories and factories, and are designed to be
wrapped around a person whose clothes have caught fire
Standpipe
Standpipes are installed in most large, multistory buildings. There are two
types of standpipes: dry and wet. Most standpipes are dry systems and
cannot be used by the public. Dry systems require a fire engine to pump
water into the system. Most dry systems don't have pre-connected hoses
and require firefighters to bring in the hose. In wet systems, there is always
water in the pipes and they can be used by anyone. Wet systems will have
hoses so building occupants can try and extinguish fires. Wet systems are
becoming less common with the increase in number of sprinkler systems
being installed.
Active Fire Protection
What is the purpose of Fire Pump ?
The main function of Fire Pump is to increase the
pressure of the water that flows through it.
Fire pumps are used to boost the water pressure in
sprinkler and standpipe systems and to deliver the
required amount of water.
Fire Pumps are necessary when the system is fed
by a non-pressurized water tank, or when the water
supply feeding the system has inadequate pressure.
Active Fire Protection
TYPES OF FIRE
PUMPS
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL VERTICAL IN VERTICAL
SPLIT CASE SPLIT CASE LINE TURBINE
Horizontal Split Case – Vertical Split Case -
• Most common type for commercial Building 1. Similar to the horizontal split case pump
• Easy to use and maintain . 2. Take up less space because they’re vertical
3. Reduces the risk of the motor flooding.
Vertical Split Case -
1. Similar to the horizontal split case pump Vertical Turbine-
2. Take up less space because they’re vertical • can use water from nearby wells or tanks
3. Reduces the risk of the motor flooding • can operate without priming
• works by moving water up through the
column pipes, water stays at the top of the
pump so it can be dispensed when needed.
Total Fire Protection
