UNIT-4 WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

BCTS-SEM I
F.Y. M.ARCH (CM)

1 0 . KO M A L N I K A L E
1 1 . N E H A PA L I WA L
12.MANASI PNASE
1 3 . PA R A G B O K I L
INDEX

1. WATER SUPPLY AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

2. HOT AND COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

3. DRAINAGE SYSTEM

4. WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

 WATER SUPPLY AND WATER QUALITY ASSISSMENT -

Introduction-
• Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations, community endeavors or by individuals,
usually via a system of pumps and pipes.

• A water supply system is a system for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage and distribution of water from source
to consumers, for example, homes, commercial establishments, industry, irrigation facilities and public agencies for water—
related activities (fire—fighting, street flushing and so forth).

Water distribution layout System and Network -

• Dams, River are the water sources With respect to the area.
• The distribution pipes are generally laid below the road pavements, and as such their layouts generally follow the layouts of
roads.
• There are general, four different types of pipe networks; any one of which either single or in combinations, can be used for a
particular place.

Classification Network-
1. Dead End System
2. Radial System
3. Grid Iron System
4. Ring System

NEHA M.PALIWAL
1.Dead End System - 2.Radial End System
It is suitable for old towns and cities having no • The area is divided into different zones.
different pattern of roads. • The water is pumped into the distribution reservoir
Advantage- kept in the middle of each zone.
• The supply pipes are laid rapidly ending towards the
Relatively cheap
Determination of discharge and pressure periphery.
easier due to less number of valves. Advantages-
It gives quick service
Disadvantage- Calculation of pipe size is easy.
Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water
occurs in pipes.

NEHA M.PALIWAL
3.Grid iron system 4. Ring system
It is suitable for cities with rectangular layouts, where the The supply main is laid all along the peripheral roads and sub
water mains and branches are laid in rectangles. mains branch out from the mains. This system also follows the grid
iron system with the flow pattern similar in character to that of
Advantage – dead end system. So determination of the size of pipes is easy
Water is kept in good circulation due to absence of dead Advantages-
ends. Water can be supplied to any point from at least two directions.
In the case of break down in some section, water is
available from some other direction.
Disadvantage-
Exact calculation of sizes of pipes are not possible due to
provisions of valves on all branches

NEHA M.PALIWAL
 2. Steel pipe- Made from steel bars, by hot
Type of pipes use in water supply system - or cold process. mostly used for main lines
Selection of material for Pipe - where pressure is high and diameter
• Carrying capacity of the pipe. requirement is more.
• Durability of the pipe. Advantages-strong, light weight and
• Type of water to be conveyed. withstand higher pressure than cast iron
• Availability of funds. pipes, cheap, easy to construct and can be
• Repair and maintenance cost. easily transported.
Disadvantages-Cannot withstand external
loads, affected by corrosion, difficult to
1.Cast iron- Available in length of 3-6m
make connections, and maintenance are
Advantages-Moderate cost highly resistant to
costly
corrosion, Strong,, easy jointing, withstanding 3. Cement lined Cast Iron Pipes-Mortar
high internal pressure long life (100 Yrs.) lining of 1:1 proportion is applied .
Service connections easy Thickness of lining 5 – 6 mm.
Disadvantages-Very heavy and difficult to Advantages- More life, Easily constructed
transport, brittle easily cracks, cannot used for on site and factories, least coefficient of
pressure more than 7 kg/cm2. they are fragile expansion, not affected by force of
(delicate ) buoyancy.

Disadvantages - Repairs are very difficult,

difficult to make connection, due to heavy
weight transportation and laying costs are
high.
4. P l a s t i c Pi pe s : Mad e from synthetic resins of high molecular
weight. Polymerized from simple compounds by heat, pressure and
Cast iron pipe catalysis. Plastic pipes and tubes are manufactured from a number of
polymerization products such as polythene, polypropylene,, poly vinyl
chloride and cellulose acetate butyrate.

NEHA M.PALIWAL
Advantages - Corrosion resistant , light weight and economical, Cheaper, easy to handle and transport, good electrical insulators,
adequate strength, durable and unaffected by weather.

Disadvantages - Coefficient of expansion is high, low resistance to heat

5.Wrought iron and galvanized iron pipes- Manufactured by rolling flat plates of wrought iron to the proper diameter and welding
the edges. These pipes are usually protected by coating them with a thin film of molten zinc. Easily cut, threated, lighter in weight.
More costly , less durable.

6. Cement concrete pipes- PCC up to heads of 7m. RCC up to head of 60m. For higher heads prestressed concrete pipes are sed.
NP1 ,NP2 ,NP3 – non-reinforced or non-pressure pipes. used for drainage lines, irrigation etc. P1 ,P2 ,P3 – Reinforced concrete
pipes. Pressure they withstand may be 2.0 kg/cm2 (20 m), 4.0 kg/cm2 (40m) and 6.0 kg/cm2 (60m).

Advantages- resists the external loads and backfill loads, maintenance cost is less, no corrosion, pipe can be cast at site, no
transportation cost. No expansion joints.

Disadvantages-Tensile cracks, leakage problem , repair is difficult, handling is difficult.

Valve and Type of Valves use in Water supply system -

VALVES-
• Various appurtenances are use to isolate and drain pipe sections for test, installation, cleaning and repair.
• Valves are one of the important device provided to stop and regulate the flow of water in the course of ordinary operations and
in an emergency.

NEHA M.PALIWAL
VALVES ARE USED TO SERVE THE FOLLOWING 3.NON RETURN VALVE (NRV)
PURPOSES- A non-return valve allows a medium to flow in only one
direction and is fitted to ensure that the medium flows through
• To control the rate of flow of water a pipe in the right direction, where pressure conditions may
• Release or admit air into the pipeline otherwise cause reversed flow.
• Prevent or detect the leakage
• Meet the demand during emergencies
• Make the distribution system more efficient
4 .AIR RELEASED VALVE (ARV)
An air release valve is typically used in water or irrigation
Factors considered in the selection of valves- schemes to ensure that any entrained air in the water system is
• Purpose and operation, automatically released in order to maximize the system
• Capacity required, performance.
• Head loss and rate of flow,
• Cost,
• Availability, etc

1.CONTROL VALVE (CV)

A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by
varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a
signal from a controller.

2..BUTTER FLY VALVE(BFV)

Butterfly valves are used where space is limited.
Unlike gate valves, butterfly valves can be used for
throttling or regulating flow as well as in the full open and
fully closed position.

NEHA M.PALIWAL
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT-

• Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, biological and organoleptic (taste-related) properties of water.
• Another general perception of water quality is that of a simple property that tells whether water is polluted or not.
• Water has its own taste, color, smell and constituents. Not all water can be used for all purposes.
• Eg. Sea water can not be used by us for drinking.
• The suitability of water for different purposes is determined by its quality parameters.

Water Quality Assessment-

Water quality is determined by assessing three classes of
parameters: biological, chemical, and physical.
Water Quality Parameters-
1. Physical properties
2. Chemical composition
3. Biological Properties
Physical Properties:
Temperature of water (T) –
1. Essential for all environmental studies
2. Controls many ecological processes including chemical reactions.
3. T of surface water varies from space and time
4. T of groundwater varies not only with reference to space and time but also with reference to depth.
Colour-
1. The color of water is due to the suspended particles and organic matter
2. Ranges form light to dark brown
3. Brownish color in water comes due to the presence of iron
4. Greenish color in pond water is seen due to the presence of organic substances including algae

NEHA M.PALIWAL
 Odour
1. Pure water is odorless
2. When water dissolves other substances, the
odor is determined by that substance.
3. Mostly decayed organic substances give
fouling smell.
4. Inorganic substances give earthy smell.

Chemical properties- Some parameters

1. pH Colour : Colourless
2. Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) TDS : < 400 ppm ( Total dissolved solids)
3. Major ions TSS : < ,80 ppm ( Total suspended solids)
4. Minor or trace elements Odour: Odourless
5. Hardness pH : 6 to 8
6. Salinity Temp.15 to 25
7. Alkalinity Salinity : < 0.005 ppm

Quantity of water -

1. On an average, each person in a developed country uses about

135 liters of water a day in the home.
2. The Quality of water is equally important than quantity.
3. Even if present in huge amounts, we can not use salt water in
many life support activities.

NEHA M.PALIWAL
Components of water supply system:

Source of water > Intake > Treatment work > Reservoir >Distribution system > Consumer taps
HOT AND COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM-

WATER SUPPLY - DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION

DOMESTIC LEVEL
Carries water from water mains to the various
points (fixtures) in the building where water is
to be used.

• Cold water system

• Hot water system

COLD WATER SYSTEM

Two types :
• Direct supply system
• Indirect supply system
COLD WATER SUPPLY

Water Supply and Distribution System Types Of Cold-Water System Two Types
Definition 1. Direct system
•Carries water from the water source, street 2. Indirect system
main or to the building and to various points in
the building at which water is used. Direct Water Supply System
• Cold water system provide water for the •Water is supplied direct from mains to fixtures
following purposes.
▫ Drinking purpose Indirect Water Supply System
▫ Cooking purpose •Water going to overhead tank and then the
▫ Sanitary purpose water is supplied to different floors by gravity
▫ Washing purpose
▫ Gardening
COLD WATER SUPPLY

ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT WATER

SYSTEM

1. Saving in pipework especially in

multistory buildings.
2. Fresh drinking water is available at all
draw-off points
3. Cold water distribution pipe from the
cistern being omitted
4. In systems without cistern there is no
risk of polluting the water from this
source

DISADVANTAGES OF DIRECT WATER

SYSTEM

5. There is a danger of foul water from

the sanitary fittings being siphoned
back into the main water
6. During peak periods, there is a
tendency for the lowering of pressure
7. If there is a main burst, there is no
COLD WATER SUPPLY

ADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT WATER

SYSTEM

•The greatest advantages of the

indirect water heaters are the
significant reduction of flue losses.
•Less maintenance – no additional
burners to maintain.
•Less cost – no additional venting
required or fuel lines to run.
•Better performance – more available
hot water with quicker recoveries.
•Easy to size and easy to install.

DISADVANTAGES OF DIRECT
WATER SYSTEM

• Longer pipe runs are required

• A larger storage cistern is necessary
• Fresh Drinking water is only available at the
kitchen sink (or single point)
HOT WATER SUPPLY

Hot water is needed in building for comfort during or in low temperature region. The supply is
usually
separate from the cold water, even though it sources its ‘cold water’ from the cold-water
supply lines.
Usually, a medium of heating the water is introduced to heat the water collected from the
cold-water supply
lines. The heating is usually done in a special reservoir that stores and reserve the hot water
for
sometimes.
The need to preserve the heat gained by the water for a reasonable time requires the use of
special tanks.
The tanks are usually lagged and sealed to disallow escape of heat from the heated water.

METHODS
• Centralized
• Localized
• Others
HOT WATER SUPPLY

METHODS

1. Centralized System
A centralized system, is one in which water is heated
and stored
centrally within the building, supplying a system of
pipe work to
the various draw-off points.

Two systems
• Direct DWH system
• Indirect DWH system

Direct hot water supply system

Like cold water supply, hot water is supplied either

directly or indirectly.
In the direct hot water supply a unit of water heater
is connected to the point of use – shower or kitchen
sink.
HOT WATER SUPPLY

Indirect hot water supply system :

In the indirect water supply, a general heating

point/tank is used to supply hot water to
several point
or part of a building.
This is usually more applied in hotels and such
other
common service buildings.

Types of Indirect DHW Supply Systems

Vented hot water system Unvented hot water system

METHODS a) Instantaneous type :

2) Localized System • They are generally fueled by gas or electricity.

• Heat water - only when required
A localized system is one in which the water is • They are usually located above the fixture
heated locally to it’s use. Heater can • Flow is inlet controlled.
serve only one sink or two if fitted in
proximity with heater. b) Storage type single points :

Two types of localized DWH heaters are • These are heaters located near sinks and have
found – capacity not more than 15 ltr.
• Instantaneous • Stored water is heated by an electric element
• Storage until water is not expanded enough to discharge
from spout.
• Cool water from bottom of the unit then
replaces the discharged water.
• Suitable for small quantity of draw off.
SOLAR WATER HEATER Working Principle of SWHS

Components of Solar water heater :

• by flow or forced circulation water from the cold tank
enters the solar tank it up
• Flat plate collector
Either gravity circulation, cold-water and fills up.
• Insulated water storage tank
• The cold water from the solar tank in turn flows in the
• Well insulated pipes connecting flat
bottom header pipe of the absorber, and into the copper
plate collector and to the storage tank
tubes , until all the absorber tubes and the header at the
• Auxiliary heater ( for cloudy days)
top of the absorber are full.
• Control of the system
• When the sun rises to a certain level, its energy, which
falls on the absorber fins and tubes, begins heating the
water contained therein.
• The heated water being lighter than the cold water rises
and via the top header pipe of the absorber, flows into
the top of the solar tank.
ADVANTAGES :
These systems use solar energy which is a free and renewable source of energy.
• In sunny and warm places with high insulation values solar water heating system are very cost
effective.
• Relatively good payback period.
• These systems have low maintenance costs.
• Some countries even offer the option of leasing solar water heating systems which can
significantly decrease initial costs.
DISADVANTAGES :
The main disadvantage of solar water heating systems is relatively high upfront costs.
• In most areas they will require electrical or gas or other fuel backup during the winter period.
• Payback times can vary greatly mostly due to regional sun (the more insulation, the shorter
payback period).
• Relatively low efficiency of passive solar water heating systems.
• They require excellent overheating and freeze protection.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM

WHAT IS A DRAINAGE SYSTEM?.

• Drainage system is the arrangement provided in a building for collecting

and conveying waste water through drain pipes through gravity to join
either a public sewer or a domestic septic tank.

• It means that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system

which receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes
inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building sewer.
FOLLOWING ARE THE TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO DRAINAGE

1) Wastewater – Water when used for different purposes like domestic

commercial, industrial, etc., receives impurities and become wastewater.
Therefore wastewater is used water and it has physical, chemical and
biological impurities in it.

2) Sewage- The wastewater coming form WC and containing human excreta

is called as sewage.

3) Sullage – The waste water coming from bathrooms and kitchens is called
as sullage.

4) Sewer- A pipe carrying sewage or wastewater is called sewer.

5) Soil Pipe – It is a pipe carrying sewage from wastewater.

6) Vent Pipe – A pipe that provides air circulation to and from drainage
system.

7) Stack – A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent
piping.

8) Cleanout – An access opening to allow cleanout of pipe.

9) Waste pipe – It is a pipe carrying sullage from bathrooms, kitchens, sinks,

wash basins, etc.

10)Sanitary sewer – A sewer pipe that carries only sewage.

11)Storm sewer – A sewer pipe that carries storm water or other drainage.
COMPONENTS OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM

• PIPES

Following are the pipes according to designated purpose.

 Soil Pipe – Carrying human sewage from WC.

 Waste Pipe – Pipe carrying sullage.

 Vent Pipe – It is a pipe installed to

provide flow of air to or from the
drainage system or to provide
circulation of air in the drainage
system to protect the water seal of
traps against siphonage and
backflow.
 Anti Siphonage Pipe – It is the pipe installed to preserve the water seal in
the trap through proper ventilation.
 Rain water Pipe – It is the pipe carrying only rainwater.

 General pipe diamenters:

Soil pipe- 100 mm
Waste pipe (horizontal)- 30-50 mm
Waste pipe (vertical)- 75 mm
Rainwater pipe- 75 mm
Vent pipe- 50 mm
TRAPS

• Traps are U shaped fixtures that have water seal in it.

• This water in the trap creates a seal that prevents sewer gas from passing
from the drain pipes back into the occupied space of the building.

• Essentially all plumbing fixtures including sinks, bathtubs, toilets must be

equipped with either an internal or external traps.

1) P Trap- It’s shaped like a “P” and

can be found under sinks, tubs
and showers. A simple device, a P-
trap holds just enough water to
create an airtight seal that
prevents sewer gas from backing
up.
2) Q Trap- This trap is used in toilet
under water closet.

3) S Trap- This trap is used with

siphonage pipe.
TRAP TERMINOLOGY
4) Floor trap/ Nahni trap - This trap is provided in the floor to collect
waste water from shower, balcony, WC drain area, and kitchen sink
areas. The removable Jali section facilitates cleaning and maintenance.
USP: Different variants of Nahani traps of different heights can be used in
low height balconies as well as in toilet areas.

5) Intercepting trap – It is provided at

the junction of a house sewer and
municipal sewer for preventing entry of
foul gases of the municipal sewer. An
intercepting trap is provided to
disconnect.
6) Gully trap – A gully trap is provided at a junction of a roof drain and
other drain coming form the kitchen or bathroom.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• House drainage should be preferably laid by the side of the building to
facilitate easy repair and better maintenance.
• The sewage or sullage should flow under the flow of gravity.
• The house sewer should always be straight.
• Entire system should be well ventilated.
• The house sewer should be connected to the manhole such that the
invert level is sufficiently higher to avoid backflow of sewage in house
sewer.
• Wherever there is change in direction of sewer line in the premises,
provide inspection chamber at the junction.
• House sewer joints should be leak proof.
• Rainwater from roofs or open courtyards should not be allowed to
flow through house sewers.
SCHEMATIC DRAINAGE SYSTEM
TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
1) Single stack system- In this system, only one vertical soil pipe is used.
The wastes from all the sanitary and soil appliances are discharged in the
same pipe. The traps of WCs, sink basins, etc are directly connected to
the single stack pipe.
In this system, there is no separate pipe for ventilation purposes. This
system proves economical as only one pipe is to be provided.
The effectiveness of this system depends entirely on the depth of the
water seal. No water seal should be less than 75 mm in depth.
2) One pipe system- In this system of plumbing the waste connections
from sinks, baths, washbasins, and the soil pipe which is connected
directly to the drainage system. Gully traps and waste pipes are
completely dispensed with. But all the traps of WCs basins, etc are
completely ventilated to preserve the water seal by a separate vent pipe.

The following precautions should be taken

in this plumbing system.
a) All the joints off waste pipes should be
air-tight.
b) Each waste pipe should be connected to
common stack directly.
c) Vent pipe diameter should not be less
than 50 mm.
d) The waste pipe should join the stack,
above the soil branch at each floor.
e) All traps should be provided with a deep
water seal of not less than 7.5cm.
3)Two pipe system- In this plumbing system, two pipes are installed.
W.Cs and urinals are connected to vertical soil pipe baths, kitchens,
basins, etc are connected to another separate vertical waste pipe. Soil
pipes and waste pipes are provided with separate vent pipes.
This system thus requires four pipes and hence proves very costly. The
soil pipe is connected to the drain directly but the waste pipe should be
connected through a trapped gully.
4) One pipe partially ventilated system- This system is via media between
the first and second one. There is only one soil pipe into which all W.Cs,
baths, sinks, and washbasins discharge. In addition, there is a relief vent
pipe that ventilates only the traps of W.Cs and urinals.

a) It should be provided with deep water

seals, at least 75 mm.
b) The diameter of the vent pipe should
not be less than 5 cm.
c) The waste pipe should join the stack
above the soil branch on each floor.
d) The fall or waste pipe should be
continuous and gradual. The slope of the
waste pipe should be between 1 in 12 to 1
in 48.
Waste Water Management System

1. Introduction- necessity and Govt Requirement

and Sustainable development

2. Controlling authority CPCB

3. Type Of waste Water

4. Parameters For Design

5. Design of ETP and STP

6. Processes Of waste water treatment

7. Large Collection System & Treatment

 Introduction-
Ancient way of collecting waste water

Introduction -necessity Water is resource but wastewater is Arrear.

and Govt Requirement To be come sustainable waste water should be
and Sustainable treated
development
Govt Norm for same

Old days – Every house use to have backyard

◦ No use of chemicals
◦ Plantation of Colocasia
 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in
1974 to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution, and
for the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water in the
country. The Act was amended in 1988. The Water (Prevention and
Governme Control of Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in 1977, to provide for the
levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating
nt and carrying on certain types of industrial activities. This cess is
collected with a view to augment the resources of the Central Board
Departme and the State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution
constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
nt 1974. The Act was last amended in 2003

Central Pollution Control board

https://cpcb.nic.in/water-pollu
tion/
No.06 of 1974, [23/03/1974] - The Water (Prevention and Control of P
ollution) Act, 1974 ,

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 ,

 Gray water
Type Of ◦ From Basin and bathing

waste ◦ From washing and other

Water Sewage

The waste water

Kitchen – Cleaning water
Management can be defined
as per the Segregation of Water From
Waste Water generated on
your site
Industry-
Effluent water-
◦ Process water
◦ Cleaning water
◦ Ink, Dye, other chemical mix water

Nuclear power Plant-

◦ Heavy water H3O
Parameter
For Design
& Volume
to be
treated
Design Of Strength Of Sewage-
Waste It is indicator of nuisance value of Sewage

water It is generally indicated by characteristics such as-

Treatment Total volatile solids(suspended and Dissolved), Odour, and

Chlorin demand

System TOD( Therotical oxygen Demand) amount of oxygen required

for complete oxidation of organic matterin to CO2. ( 1gm of
oxygen requires 192/180 gms of oxygen)
Chemical oxygen demand-Amount of oxidation required for
chemical Oxidation
Biochemical oxygen demand-
It is most used parameter for strength of sewage
It is defined as the amount of oxygen required by
microorganisms for the decomposition of biodegradable
matters under aerobic conditions.
5 days 20 degree C is adopted as Standard BOD test
BODu= 3/2BOD5
 Capacity of Sewage tank=
Quantity of sewage produced during detection
period+ volume of sludge for 6 month to 3 years

Design
Criteria
 Wastewater is treated in 3 phases:

Process of primary (solid removal),

waste water secondary (bacterial decomposition),
Manageme and tertiary (extra filtration)
nt System
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Bookshelves/Microbiology/
Microbiology_(Boundless)/
17%3A_Industrial_Microbiolog
y/
17.03%3A_Wastewater_Treat
ment_and_Water_Purification
/17.3B
%3A_Wastewater_and_Sewag
e_Treatment#:~:text=Wastewa
ter%20is%20treated%20in
%203,and%20tertiary
%20(extra%20filtration).
Primary/ Floating Material and heavy settleable inorganic

Preliminar solids through three main operations screening

y the grit removal in grit removal chambers and

Detritus tank and finally removal of oil, grease etc
treatment
This is also called as phase
in skimming tanks
separation
Phase separation-
Transfers impurities into a non aqueous phase
Transfers solids generated during oxidation or
polishing

Sedimentation-
More complex Clarifier also have Skimmers to
simultaneously remove floating grease like soap
scum ot solid particles like feathers , wood chips
 Imhoff Tank
Are two storey digestion tanks with upper portion as
sedimentation tank ( aerobic )
Lower tank digestion chamber( Anaerobic)
Other Elutriation-
Process The process of reverse gravity sedimentation
Imhoff Tank

Elutriation Filtration-
Colloidal suspensions of fine
solids may be removed by
filtration through fine physical
barriers distinguish from screen
or sleeves
 Further treatment of effluent through biological
decomposition of organic matter carried out under aerobic
and anaerobic conditions

Secondary Biochemical oxidation dissolved and colloidal organic

compounds is applicable to some agricultural and industrial
or waste water.

Biological Concentration of some less digestible compounds

Treatment may be reduced by cometabolism.

Disinfection by chemical oxidation kills bacteria and
microbial pathogens by adding chlorine or ozone
This is also known as Polishing.
Activated Sludge process-
Process for treating sewage and industrial waste water
using air and biological floc composed of bacteria and
protozoa.
The sewage is mixed with 20-30% of volume of activated
sludge containinglarge concentration of highly active aerobic
microorganisms
BOD removal is upto 80-85% and bacteria removal 90-95 %
The process of sludge sedimentation is carried out in sludge
sedimentation tank
 Most common technology are micro filtration or
synthetic membrane.

Final or After this the water indistinguishable from natural

origin of water( without its Minerals)
Tertiary Nitrates can be removed with natural process of
treatment wetlands via microbiological denitrification
Also called as polishing of
water
 An API oil water separator
Effluent
treatment A clarifier for removing solids
plant
A roughing filter to reduce BOD
Generally required for
industrial waste water process
Carbon Filteration plant

An Advance Eletrodialysis reversal (EDR)

STP
Case Study-

Tetra Pak India Pvt Ltd

ETP
Case Study-

Tetra Pak India Pvt Ltd

Case
Study
Case Study-

Tetra Pak India Pvt Ltd

 It is mandatory to treat the waste water for local
Government bodies.
Large
Collection
system
and
treatment
 Constructed STP Package type STp

TYPE of
STP

Green STP