ART APPRECIATION

Art history: introduction and assumption It takes an artist to make art. One may
perceive beauty on a daily basis.
WHAT IS HUMANITIES? ➢ However, not every beautiful thing that
• Humanities came from the latin word can be seen or experienced may truly be
“humanus” which means refined, cultured called a work of art.
and human. ➢ Art is a product of man’s creativity,
• Humanities deals with the study of man’s imagination, and expression.
quest for answers to the fundamental
questions he asks about life and about THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART
himself. MAKING
• It is through the study of humanities that Creativity requires thinking outside the
one learns what is it to be human. Box.
• It deals with man’s emotions, feelings,
thoughts, ideas, sentiments and ➢ We say something is done creatively
experiences. when we have not yet seen anything like it
or when it is out of the ordinary.
IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES ➢ A creative artist does not simply copy or
1. Man gains an understanding of himself. imitate another artist’s work.
2. Man understands his natures. ➢ He embraces originality, puts his own
3. Man is provided with a measure of his flavor into his work, and calls it his own
own passion and desire. creative piece.
4. Man develops to be a complete and
social man. Art is the product of imagination;
5. Man’s behavior is regulated. imagination as the product of art

WHAT IS ART? ➢It all starts in the human mind. It all

• Art came from the latin word “ars” which begins with imagination.
means skill. ➢Imagination is more important than
• Art refers to any activity that expresses knowledge. Knowledge is limited to all we
aesthetic ideas by the use of skills and know and understand, while imagination
imagination in the creation of objects. embraces the entire world.
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
1. Art is universal. ➢ Through imagination, one is able to craft
2. Art involves experience. something new and something better.
3. Art is not nature. ➢ Artists use their imagination, which gives
4. Art is everywhere. birth to reality through creation.
5. Art is man’s oldest means of expression. ➢ Hence, imagination produces art. Art also
6. Art is an expression and communication. inspires imagination.
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ART AS EXPRESSION ➢ Artists who practice literary arts use
➢ There may have been times when you words to express themselves and
felt something was going on within you; you communicate emotions to the readers.
tried to explain it, but you did not know how. ➢ It focuses on writing using a unique style,
➢ Finally, you try to release yourself from not following a specific format or norm
this tormenting and disabling state by doing
something, which is called expressing THEATER
oneself. ➢ Uses live performers to present accounts
➢ An emotion will remain unknown to a or imaginary events before a live audience.
man until he expresses it. APPLIED ARTS
➢ Artists in this field bring beauty, charm
and comfort into many things that are useful
WAYS OF EXPRESSING ONESELF in everyday life (industrial design, interior
THROUGH ART. design, fashion design).
VISUAL ARTS
➢ Those that appeal to the sense of sight.
FILM FUNCTION AND PHILOSOPICAL
➢ refers to the art of putting together PERSPECTIVE OF ART
successions of still images in order to create
an illusion of movement. Functional Art
PERFORMANCE ART ➢ refers to art that we use in our daily lives
➢ Performance art is a live art and the such as tools, architectural structures,
artist’s medium is mainly the human body roads, bridges, buildings, furniture. Kitchen
which he or she uses to perform, but also utensils, coins, bills, dress, weapons, etc.
employs other kind of art such as visual art, Indirectly Functional Art
props or sound. ➢ refers to the arts that are “perceived
POETRY PERFORMANCE through the senses “ such as fine arts,
➢ Poetry is an art form where the artist painting, music, sculpture, dance, literary
expresses his emotions through words. piece, theatrical performances and the like.

ARCHITECTURE FUNCTION OF ART

➢ the making of beautiful buildings.
➢ However, not all buildings are beautiful. 1. Personal Function – depends on the
Some buildings only embody the viewer or the artist who created the art.
functionality they need but are not 2. Social Function – addresses a particular
beautifully expressed. collective interest.
➢ Buildings should embody these three 3. Physical Function – art that fulfills and
important elements – plan, construction and satisfy man’s need.
design – if they wish to merit the title Aesthetic Function– An artwork functions
architecture. aesthetically when it becomes instrumental
DANCE for a man to be cognizant of the beauty of
➢ a series of movements that follows the nature and where the real feelings of joy
rhythm of the music accompaniment. and appreciation to nature’s beauty are
LITERARY ART
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manifested through appreciation and ➢Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and
enjoyment when in contact with the artwork. artist for 2 reasons:
Cultural Function– Art serves as an 1. They appeal to the emotions rather than
aperture towards skills, knowledge, to the rational faculty of men.
attitudes, customs, and traditions of different 2. They imitate rather than lead one to
groups of people. The Art helps, preserves, reality
shares and transmits culture of people from
one generation to another. ➢Socrates just like Plato claimed that art
Political Function – campaign art; is just animitation of imitation.
politician promoting political agenda ➢For Plato art is dangerous because it
Religious Function – almost all forms of provides a petty replacement for the real
art evolved from religion entities that can be only attained through
Economic Function – people believe it reason.
does not pay to be an artist
Art as a Representation
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ➢ Aristotle, Plato’s most important student
ART in philosophy, agreed with his teacher that
art is a form of imitation.
Art as an Imitation ➢ However, in contrast to his mentor’s
➢ According to Plato, artists are imitators disgust, Aristotle conceived of art as
and art is just a mere imitations. representing possible versions of reality.
➢ The things in this world are only copies of ➢ For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to
the original, the eternal and the true entities represent reality as it is but to provide a
that can only be found in the world of forms. vision of what might be or the many
possibilities in reality.
The theory of Forms or theory of Ideas is
Plato's argument that non-physical forms Art as a Disinterested Judgment
(or ideas) represent the most accurate ➢ Immanuel Kant considered the
reality judgment of beauty the cornerstone of art,
as something that can be universal despite
A Form is an objective "blueprint" of its
perfection. The forms are perfect subjectivity, and therefore, art is innately
themselves because they are unchanging. autonomous from specific interest.
For example, say we have a triangle drawn ➢ For Kant, every human being, after
on a blackboard. A triangle is a polygon with perception and the free play of his faculties,
3 sides. The triangle as it is on the should recognize the beauty that is inherent
blackboard is far from perfect. in a work of art.
➢ This is the kind of universality that a
However, it is only the intelligibility of the judgment of beauty is assumed by Kant to
Form "triangle" that allows us to know the have.
drawing on the chalkboard is a triangle, and Art as a Communication of Emotion
the Form "triangle" is perfect and ➢ According to Leo Tolstoy, art place a
unchanging. It is exactly the same huge role in communication to its audience
whenever anyone chooses to consider it.
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emotions that the artist previously 3. PORTRAIT OR HUMAN FIGURES
experienced. ➢ A whole human figure or just a part of it.
➢Tolstoy is fighting for the social dimension 4. History and Legends
of art. This means that art serves as a ➢ This subject is inspired by history or
mechanism of cohesion for everyone. legend. Historical events are real stories
while legends are just imaginary.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A WORK OF 5. STILL LIFE
ART ➢ Still life refers to inanimating objects
1. SUBJECT – refers to the visual focus of either in a form of a drawing, painting, or
the image that may be extracted from photograph.
examining the artwork. 6. RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY
2. CONTENT – the meaning that is ➢ Religious or mythological art as a kind of
communicated by the artist or the artwork. art is usually done by an insider artist or a
3. FORM – is how the elements and the devoted member of a religious group.
medium or material are put together. 7. DREAMS AND FANTASIES
➢ It refers to subjects that are inspired by
Subject in art generally refers to the thing, The Subconscious mind.
object, person, landscape, event, etc.
depicted by artist in his/her artwork. 1.​ Factual meaning – maybe
extracted from the identifiable or
Through the subject, the audience will be recognizable forms in the artwork
informed of what the artwork is all about. and understanding how this
elements relate to one another.
An artwork that has subject is classified as a 2.​ Conventional meaning – pertains
Representational Art. It is also known as to the acknowledged interpretation
objective art because you can easily of the artwork using motifs, signs,
objectify the subject. symbols and other cyphers as bases
of its meaning.
On the other hand, it is also known as 3.​ Subjective meaning – a variety of
non-objective art because it doesn’t meaning may arise when a particular
represent anything. work of art is read

KINDS AND SOURCES OF SUBJECT ARTISTS AND ARTISANS

1.NATURE Artist is an art practitioner such as painter,

➢ This subject deals with the sculptor, choreographer, dancer, musician,
environment—the natural world. etc. who produces or creates indirectly
2. ANIMALS functional arts with aesthetic value using
➢ This is another kind of subject that is imagination.
commonly used in any art forms, not only it
is prevalent today but also during the Artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter,
Medieval period, when early Christians used carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver,
animal symbols such as peacock and fish to embroider, etc. who produces directly
identify themselves as Christian believers. functional and/or decorative arts.
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●​ Painter uses (Pigments on wood or
canvas)

PEOPLE IN THE ART WORLD

1. Curator – typically affiliated with MATERIAL USED IN PAINTING
museums and galleries and has the ability WATERCOLOR
to research and write, as an arbiter of ●​ It is difficult to handle because it is
design and layout and decides for the difficult to produce warm and rich
display and hanging of materials for tones but it invites brilliance and a
exhibition variety of hues.
2. Buyers and collectors are often GOUACHE
considered as one and the same. ●​ An opaque watercolor painting the
Nevertheless, buyers are those who assess major effects of which are caused by
and survey the artwork and oversee the the paper itself.
sale on behalf of the collector. This happens FRESCO
if the latter wants to keep his identity hidden ●​ Pigments are mixed with water and
or maybe if he’s too busy. applied on a wet plaster.
3. Art dealers are those in charge in the TEMPERA
distribution and circulation of those artworks ●​ pigments mixed with egg yolk or
through varied means such as direct sales, egg white.
through galleries or by auction. PASTEL
●​ a stick of dried paste made of
Medium is the mode of expression in which pigment round with chalk and
the concept, idea or message is conveyed. compounded with gum water.
These are the materials which are used by ENCAUSTIC
an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. ●​ used by Egyptians for painted
Many mediums are use in Creating different portrait on mummy cases. It is done
work situations by painting with wax colors fixed with
heat.
TECHNIQUE OIL
(artist) ●​ oil painting is the one of the most
Is the manner in which artist controls his expensive art activities of today
medium to achieve the desired effect. It has because of the materials. pigments
something to do with the way he are mixed with linseed oil and
manipulates his mediums to express his applied to canvas
idea. ACRYLIC
VISUAL ARTS ●​ the medium used today by the
●​ are those mediums that can be seen modern painters and the only thinner
and which occupy space. used is water

PAINTING MATERIAL USED IN DRAWING

●​ Art of creating meaningful effects on PENCIL
flat surface by the use ofpigments.
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●​ Most common medium in drawing. compose of lime, sand, and water. used
Pencil leads are graded in different extensively in making mannequins, models,
degrees of hardness or softness. molds, architectural decoration and other
PEN AND INK indoor sculptures.
●​ one of the oldest mediums still in CLAY
use. offers great variety of qualities, Possess little strength intention or
depending on the tools and Compression and requires an armature for
techniques used in application. support.
India ink GLASS
●​ comes in liquid form; favorite medium that is hard, brittle, more or less
medium of comic strip illustrators transparent substances produced by fusion.
and cartoonists. WOOD
BISTRE easier to carve than any mediums
●​ brown pigment extracted from the available. They are lighter and softer to
soot of wood. carve despite of having greater tensile
CRAYONS strength.
●​ pigments bound by wax and TERRA COTTA
compressed into painted sticks. a brownish red clay that has been baked
CHARCOAL and used for making pots and small statues.
●​ carbonaceous materials obtained by
heating wood or organic substances BASIC SCULTPURE TECHNIQUES
in the absence of oxygen. 1. CARVING – involves cutting or chipping
SILVERPOINT away a shape from a mass of stone, wood
●​ silver stylus that produce a or other hard materials.
thingrayish line. 2. MODELING – built using an armature
and then shaped to create a form.
SCULPTURE 3. CASTING – reproducing the form from an
the art of making two or three dimensional original clay or wax model. Bronze
representation by means of carving, casting, 4. ASSEMBLING / FABRICATION – putting
modeling and fabrication. together of different materials to create an
assembled sculpture
MATERIAL USED IN SCULPTURE

STONE ARCHITECTURE
hard and brittle substance formed from ●​ the art of designing a building and
mineral and earth material. supervising its construction.
IVORY ●​ a shelter to serve as protection of all
comes from the tusk of elephants, the hard activities of men.
white substance used to make carving and
billiard balls. MATERIALS USED IN ARCHITECTURE
METAL ●​ Organic materials
can be cast, cut, drilled, filled, bent, forged ●​ Hybrid Materials
and stamped. ●​ Synthetic materials
PLASTER
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Shapes (and Forms)

2 MAJOR AWARDS GIVEN TO are described according it its fundamental
PHILIPPINE ARTISTS sources.
●​ A. Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng NATURAL / ORGANIC SHAPE is an
Sining (Order of National Artists) obvious popular source since it objectively
●​ B. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan represents the physical or material world.
(National Living Treasures Award) are shapes directly identified with the
natural environment.
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART
●​ Elements are the necessary
preconditions for the creation of art.
●​ It must be emphasized, however,
that all works of art require all
elements to be present.
LINE
●​ it is a prolongation of a point or the
path of a moving point.
●​ it defines the edges of shapes and
forms.
●​ It is said to be the most universal,
primitive and the easiest means of
creating an art.

Line have various types:

Straight Line
- When the line maintains in one direction.
Curved Line
- When the line’s direction gradually
changes.
Angular Line
- When the movement of the line changes
abruptly.
Horizontal Directions
- represents serenity, calmness and stability.
Diagonal Directions
- identifies movement, motion and instability.
Vertical Directions
- represents strength, power and poise