Question Paper

Exam Date & Time: 21-Jan-2021 (10:00 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - JANUARY 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER I
Anatomy Paper-I [AN 101TH-P1]
Marks: 100 Duration: 180 mins.

A
Answer all the questions. Section Duration: 20 mins

1) Which of the following artery when blocked by an embolus will cause ischemic necrosis (cell death) (1)
in the area supplied by it?

Internal thoracic
Facial
Central artery of retina
Superficial temporal
2) Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) releasing copper, prevents conception by which of the (1)
following method?

Inhibition of ovulation
Prevents capacitation of sperm
Prevents the sperm from entering the uterus
Prevents the fertilized ovum from attaching to the
endometrium
3) Choose from the following the factor responsible for thinning of the placental membrane after the (1)
fourth month of pregnancy:

Disappearance of endothelial cells of foetal vessels

Disappearance of Syncytiotrophoblast from the villi
Endothelium of foetal vessels come in close contact with Syncytial
membrane
Reduction in blood flow into the intervillous space
4) The following is the characteristic histological feature of lymph node: (1)

Eccentric arteriole
Hassal's corpuscles
Stratified squamous non-keratinized
epithelium
Subcapsular sinus
5) The central processes of the neurons in this ganglion form ascending tracts of the spinal cord. Its (1)
microscopic anatomy shows which of the following feature?

Scattered unmyelinated nerve fibres

Pseudounipolar neurons with central
nucleus
Multipolar neurons in groups
Satellite cells are less in number
6) The right upper extremity of a baby born after difficult labor was positioned abnormally. The arm (1)
was adducted and medially rotated. The forearm was extended and pronated. This is due to injury
to the trunk formed by which of the following roots of brachial plexus?

Page 1 of 4
 C5, C6
C7, C8
T1, T2
T2, T3
7) A diagnosis of tenosynovitis was made after a gardener's little finger became red, swollen and (1)
painful following a thorn prick 2 days earlier. The infection will spread first to which of the following
areas?

Digital synovial sheath of ring

finger
Digital synovial sheath of thumb
Radial bursa
Ulnar bursa
8) A 25 year-old biker fell off his motorcycle and suffered fracture of midshaft of humerus at the spiral (1)
groove. Which of the following is most likely to result from this accident?

Abe thumb
deformity
Wrist drop
Claw hand
Hand of Benediction
9) During muscle testing, the physician elicited flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and (1)
extension at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of 2nd to 4th digits of the hand, action of
which of the muscles is he testing?

Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Lumbricals
Flexor digitorum profundus
Dorsal interossei
10) As a result of a sharp glass piercing the cubital fossa, a construction worker had difficulty in both (1)
flexion of elbow and supination. Tendon of which of the following muscle was injured by the glass?

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Supinator
11) A physician testing cutaneous sensations in a diabetic patient with peripheral neuritis found that the (1)
sensations were altered in the area innervated by the tibial nerve. Which of the following area is
affected?

Dorsum of foot except first interdigital

cleft
Dorsum of foot in the first interdigital cleft
Medial border of foot
Lateral border of foot
12) A 30-year-old man was stabbed deeply in one of the gluteal region in a street fight. After (1)
convalescence he noticed that his right hip would sag when he lifted the right foot off the ground
(positive Trendelenburg's sign). The nerve involved is:

Left superior gluteal

Left inferior gluteal
Right superior
gluteal
Right inferior gluteal
13) The curvature of the vertebral column that develops as the baby learns to stand erect and walk is: (1)

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Page 2 of 4
14) Which of the following statements about the Psoas Major muscle is true: (1)

It arises from all the thoracic vertebrae

It inserts into the greater trochanter of the
femur
It is the chief flexor of the hip joint
Sacral plexus is present within it
15) A 16-year-old girl was diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis, following an episode of cold (Rhinitis) that (1)
lasted more than a week. Name the area through which the infection could have reached the
affected sinus.

Foramen caecum
Hiatus semilunaris
Nasolacrimal duct
Auditory tube
16) 8-year-old Diya had continuous oozing of dark red blood after her pet cat deeply scratched her skin (1)
over the area of anatomical snuff box. The bleeding could be from which of the following vein?

Basilic
Cephalic
Dorsal venous
arch
Median cubital
17) A 40-year-old man had a swelling in the upper part of his thigh which turned out to be enlargement (1)
of a lymph node belonging to the lower vertical group of superficial inguinal nodes. Which of the
following areas could exhibit signs of infection?

Anterior abdominal wall below the

umbilicus
Anal canal below the pectinate line
Gluteal region
Great toe
18) Sudden occlusion at the origin of the descending thoracic aorta would most likely reduce blood flow (1)
in which of the following intercostal arteries?

All posterior
Lower nine posterior
Upper two posterior
Upper six anterior
19) Tetralogy of Fallot is a cardiac malformation that exhibits which of the following? (1)

Atrial septal defect

Mitral valve stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Transposition of great
vessels
20) The following type of epithelium lines mucosa of trachea: (1)

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

Simple ciliated columnar
Simple cuboidal
Stratified squamous non-
keratinized
B
Answer all the questions.
1. During a cricket match, one of the fielders, fell on his outstretched left arm and was brought to the casualty complaining of
pain and limited movements in the left shoulder. He was seen supporting his left upper limb at the elbow with his right hand. On
examination the normal rounded contour of the shoulder was lost and there was some fullness seen below the lateral part of the
clavicle. Before sending the patient for X-ray the medical officer tested the sensation of the skin over the lower part of the left
deltoid which was found to be normal.

Page 3 of 4
1A) Analyze the given case and name the joint involved and the clinical condition. (1)
1B) Describe the affected joint under-type, articulating surfaces, movements and muscles bringing about (8)
movements.
(1+2+5 = 8 marks)
1C) Reason out the testing of the skin sensation over the lower part of left deltoid in this case. (1)
C
Answer all the questions.
2. A 60-year-old heavy smoker was operated to remove the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along with lung tissue
aerated by it, as this part of the lung had developed bronchogenic carcinoma.

2A) What is the well-defined sector of the lung supplied by the branch of the removed bronchus called? (1)
2B) Give any six characteristic features of these sectors. (3)
2C) Diagrammatically represent these sectors in both the lungs. (6)
D
Answer all the questions.

3A) Describe the appendage of the skin that secretes sweat and list the other appendages seen in the (4)
skin.
3B) Explain the attachments of the bands of deep fascia present on the medial side of the ankle. Name (4)
the structures passing deep to them.
3C) Explain with a help of flow chart the process of maturation of male gamete. (4)
3D) Describe the sheath of deep cervical fascia, which encloses important neurovascular structures of (4)
the neck.
3E) Compare and contrast between the microscopic structure of cardiac and skeletal muscle. (4)
3F) Illustrate the formation and mention the branches of the arterial anastomosis located at the base of (4)
the brain.
3G) Elaborate on the development and fate of Somites. (4)
3H) Describe the origin, insertion nerve supply hybrid of the hamstring muscle which is an adductor. (4)
3I) Illustrate the microscopic anatomy of the epithelium that lines interior of urinary bladder and list its (4)
salient features.
3J) A 72-year-old man presented with a pulsatile swelling at the back of the knee. Describe the origin, (4)
termination and branches of the vessel involved.
3K) A paramedian abdominal incision will cut through a sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the (4)
abdominal muscles. Describe its formation at various levels.
3L) Illustrate the microscopic anatomy of the cartilage found in epiglottis and give its salient features. (4)
3M) Describe the extra-articular ligaments of knee which are responsible for side to side stability of the (4)
joint.
3N) Describe the formation, termination, course and any two tributaries of a large vein which grooves (4)
the posterior surface of the liver.
3O) Explain the embryological basis of Patent ductus arteriosus. (4)

-----End-----

Page 4 of 4
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 22-Jan-2021 (10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - JANUARY 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER II

All questions are compulsory.

Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.
Anatomy Paper-II [AN 101TH-P2]
Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

Answer all the questions.

Descriptive Essay Type:

1. A 57-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with dizziness and severe
headache. A CT scan evaluationreveals a tumor in the right superior orbital fissure. Upon
physical examination, the patient's right eyeball is fixed in an abducted position, slightly
depressed, and the pupil is dilated. Also, the upper eyelid seems drooping.
1A) Analyse the given case and name the nerve that would have been compressed. (1)
1B) Correlate the clinical signs with the anatomical structures involved. (3)
1C) Explain the origin, course and distribution of the affected nerve. (6)
Answer all the questions.
2. Following an automobile accident, a 45-year-old woman was taken to the emergency
department. On radiographicexamination, it was observed that she had fractures of the right
ninth and tenth rib that pierced an abdominal organ of the right hypochondrium.
2A) Analyze the case and name the organ injured. (1)
2B) Describe the relations to its various surfaces. (7)
2C) Enumerate all the peritoneal folds related to it. (2)
D
3. Short Notes:
3A) Describe the relations of the spleen. (4)
3B) Investigations in a child with complaints of watery discharge from the umbilicus revealed that
the allantois had failed to obliterate. Name the ligament that is formed by the obliterated
allantois and the organ to which it is attached. Describe the other ligaments that form true
supports of this organ. (4)
3C) An ulcer on the posterior wall of the stomach perforates. Draw and describe the peritoneal space
into which the fluid would accumulate. (4)
3D) During an ultrasound examination of abdomen in a 5-year-old boy, radiologist was surprised
to find the appendix in the left iliac fossa. Doctor identified it as a case of mid gut rotation

Page 1 of 2
 anomaly. Name the anomaly associated with this condition and explain the embryological basis
of this anomaly. (4)
3E) Illustrate the microscopic structure of the organ involved in filtration of the blood. (4)
3F) Describe the formation and fate of the embryological structure that gives rise to the major part
of the female reproductive system. (4)
3G) Illustrate and explain the microscopic structure of the anterior pituitary. (4)
3H) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the functional areas on the superolateral surface of the cerebral
hemisphere. (4)
3I) On neurological examination of a 65-year-old man, you observe that his right eye is pointed
medially at rest. There is weakness of facial muscles on the right side. The left side of his body
is paralyzed. CT examination reveals a thrombosis of the basilar artery. Identify the level of
lesion and illustrate the cross-section of the affected level. (4)
3J) A 35-year-old man visits the doctor with complaints of ear discharge and reduced hearing. The
doctor diagnoses it as chronic otitis media. Describe the bones located within the affected part
of the ear. (4)
3K) A 32-year old lady presented with complaints of overflow of tears. Enumerate the
structuresconcerned with secretion and drainage of tears and list the factors that help in its
drainage. (4)
3L) Describe the development and derivatives of the optic cup. (4)
3M) A 40-year-old male, father of two underwent a minor sterilization operation for family
planning. Mention the structure that is cut in this operation and describe its course. (4)
3N) A 55-year-old female has a swelling in her neck that moves with deglutition. CT reveals that it
was a malignant tumor of a gland invading the structures related medially and posteriorly to
it. Analyze the case and enumerate all the structures that tumor would probably invade. (4)
3O) A 30-year-old man visits the doctor for infertility. After clinical examination the patient is asked
to get his Karyotyping done. The report states the karyotype of the individual as 47XXY.
Analyze the case, name the chromosomal abnormality and list the characteristic clinical
features. (4)

-----End-----

Page 2 of 2
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 05-Mar-2021 (10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - MARCH 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER I
Anatomy Paper-I [AN 101TH-P1]

Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

nswer all the questions.

All questions are compulsory. Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.

Illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow-charts wherever appropriate.

1. A Formula 1 race car in a Grand Prix tournament collided with the boundary of the track. Driver was diagnosed to have anerve

injury in the hand. On physical examination it was found that he was unable to oppose his thumb. Also he was unable to flex

the metacarpophalangeal and extend the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd and 3rd digits.

1A) Analyse the case and name the nerve that has been damaged (1)
1B) Justify the loss of action in 2nd and 3rd digit and describe the attachment of the muscles involved. (5)

1C) Explore the possibilities of paralysis of two other muscle mentioning the movements affected. (2)

1D) Describe the possible sensory loss in this case. (2)

2. During thyroidectomy injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve is a possibility. Hence care should be taken to identify the nerve

and prevent its injury.

2A. Explain how this nerve is identified and what care is taken to prevent its injury. (2)

2B. Tabulate the muscles supplied by this nerve and their actions. (6)

2C. Name the other nerve that is likely to be injured during thyroidectomy and the muscle supplied by it. (2)

3A. Discuss blood supply of a long bone along with a neat labeled diagram. (4)

3B. A MRI of a patient showed a huge hematoma of the right knee joint and physical examination. (4)

3C. Discuss the formation of blastocyst. (4)

3D. In scalp injury the advantage is that wound healing is fast but at times it can be problematic since the bleeding is difficult to

control . Debate on this statement and draw schematic labeled diagram of arterial supply of scalp. (4)

3E. Illustrate with a neat labeled diagram the microscopic structure of early placenta and give its salient features. (4)

3F. Doppler studies revealed thrombosis of an artery running along the superior border of pancreas. (4)

3G. The first indication of gastrulation is the formation of a structure on the dorsal surface of the bilaminar germ disc. Discuss the

formation and late of this structure. (4)

3H. A medical student after two weeks of jogging started to feel stigning sensation along the entire lateral aspect of thigh.
Elaborate on the anatomy of the involved structure which is a fascial modification. (4)

3I. Illustrate with a neat labeled diagram the microscopic structure of the skin. (4)

Page 1 of 2
3J. A CT Scan of thorax showed early signs of carcinoma of the middle segment of esophagus behind the left atrium. Explain the

boundaries of the region in which the oesophagus is located and list the other contents. (4)

3K. Draw and discuss the nine regions of abdomen. Mention its importance in medical practice. (4)

3L. Compare and contrast between the microscopic structure of a bronchus and bronchiole. (4)

3M. A 23-year male athlete, was suddenly not able to "unlock" the knee joint. Discuss the attachment and nerve supply of the

muscle responsible for this movement. (4)

3N, A thoracic surgeon harvested a segment of a superficial vein of the lower limb to prepare venous graft for coronary bypass

surgery. Give an account of origin, course and termination of this vein. (4)

3O. The echocardiogram of a baby born with Down's syndrome confirmed an ostium secundum defect. Elaborate on the normal

development of the affected part of heart. (4)

-----End-----

Page 2 of 2
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 06-Mar-2021 (10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - MARCH 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER II
Anatomy Paper-II [AN 101TH-P2]

Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

Answer all the questions.

1. A 25-year-old student presented with a history of gradual and progressive impairment of coordination. His speech wasslurred

and monotonus. There were no features of seizures. He was a non-smoker, non-alcoholic, and no history of drug abuse but

had a previous history of head injury 5 years ago. Clinical examination revealed tremors that disappeared on rest and

staggered gait. Cranial nerves were normal and all biochemical parameters were within normal limits.

1A) Analyse the given case and name the organ that is affected. (1)

1B) Name the nuclei present within its core. (1)

1C) Describe the morphological subdivision of the affected organ (2)

1D) List two other signs that is likely to be seen in this case (6)

Answer all the questions.

2. A 70-year-old man presented with increased frequency and urgency in passing urine and sense of incomplete

bladderemptying. Digital per rectal examination revealed a firm, non-tender mass related to its anterior wall. Radiologist

while observing the interior of bladder, noticed a rounded elevation close to the orifice neck of the bladder where the urine

drains into urethra.

2A) Analyse the given case and name the organ that is enlarged and give its position. (2)

2B) Describe the coverings and relations of the organ affected. (5)

2C) Name and Illustrate the anatomical structures located within the affected organ. (3)

3. Write Short Answers:

3A) The muscle that divides the submandibular gland into superficial and deep part is paralysed by a salivary tumour. Name the
muscle and describe its attachments and nerve supply. (4)

3B) Tabulate the differences between external and internal sphincters of urethra. (4)

3C) A surgeon performing total gastrectomy will have to ligate the vessels supplying it. Enumerate these arteries ligated

mentioning their source of origin. (4)

3D) Describe the covering of the kidney that surrounds both kidney and suprarenal gland. (4)

3E) A chronic alcoholic male presented with abdominal pain, jaundice and weight loss. Examination revealed a tumour in the

head of pancreas. Name the parts and relations of the structure most likely compressed by this tumour. (4)
3F) Illustrate and describe the microscopic features of organ that produces bile (4)

3G) Illustrate the microscopic features of the ureter and give its salient features (4)

Page 1 of 2
3H) Vascular insult to a part of brain stem in a 55-year old hypertensive lead to dysphagia and loss of(4) pain and temperature in

the contralateral trunk and limbs, and from ipsilateral face. Analyse the case and name the artery and part of brain stem

involved. Name any 4 nuclei situated in this part of brainstem. (4)

3I) Explain any two anatomical components of basal ganglia (4)

3J) A soldier complains of sudden hearing loss and pain in both ears followed by a military blast.(4) Describe the structure that

is damaged. (4)

3K) An adult male with past history of head trauma presented with double vision while coming down(4) stairs and with near

work. Analyse the case and name the nerve that is damaged. What is its origin? What are the functions of the muscle supplied

by the damaged nerve? (4)

3L) This layer of eyeball is used for transplantation from a donor to restore vision in the recipient.(4) Illustrate and describe the

microscopic anatomy of that layer. (4)

3M) A 30-year-old infertile women presented with two uterine horns and cervices. A septum dividing the(4) vagina. Describe the

development of uterus and explain the embryologic basis of this anomaly. (4)

3N) Illustrate the microscopic feature of the endocrine glands involved in blood calcium regulation (4)

3O) Explain any two structural abnormalities of chromosomes with example. (4)

-----End-----

Page 2 of 2
 Reg. No.

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION – JUNE 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY: PAPER – I (ESSAY)
Tuesday, June 15, 2021
Time: 10:20 – 13:00 Hrs. Maximum Marks: 80

 All questions are compulsory.

 Illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow charts wherever appropriate.

1. A 55 year old female visited the hospital complaining of inability to close her left eye, unable
to raise her left eyebrow, difficulty in chewing and accumulation of food in the vestibule of
mouth on the left side. She also complained of hyperacusis.
1A. Name the nerve involved to cause the above said symptoms.
1B. Describe the origin of the nerve involved
1C. Describe the course and distribution of that nerve
(1+2+7 = 10 marks)

2. Describe the basal ganglia under the following headings:

2A. Parts
2B. Relations
2C. Connections
2D. Applied aspects
(1+3+3+3 = 10 marks)

3. Write Short answers:

3A. Lateral pterygoid muscle
3B. Superior thyroid artery
3C. Ansa cervicalis
3D. Floor of the 4th ventricle
3E. Crus cerebri
3F. Anastomosis around the scapula and its importance
3G. Anterior interosseus nerve
3H. Adductor pollicis muscle
3I. Cephalic vein
3J. Radio-ulnar joints
3K. Microscopic structure of spinal ganglion
3L. Histology of the thymus
3M. Primitive streak
3N. Fertilization
3O. Trisomy 21
(4 marks × 15 = 60 marks)

Page 1 of 2
 Reg. No.

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION – JUNE 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY: PAPER – II (ESSAY)
Wednesday, June 16, 2021
Time: 10:20 – 13:00 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
 All questions are compulsory. Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.
 Illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow charts wherever appropriate.

1. Describe the uterus under the following headings: parts, position, relations and supports.
(1+1+3+5 = 10 marks)

2. A 35-year old man complained of loss of sensation on the lateral & anterior aspects of left leg
and the dorsum of foot excluding its medial and lateral margins, following the removal of cast
for fracture of the upper end of left fibula. On physical examination he was unable to
dorsiflex and evert the foot. Based on the anatomy of this region answer the following
questions:
2A. What is the structure affected?
2B. Give the origin and course of the affected structure
2C. Describe the course & distribution of its branches
2D. Give the reason for retention of sensation on medial & lateral margins of foot

(1+3+4+2 = 10 marks)

3. Write short notes on:

3A. Boundaries & contents of inguinal canal
3B. Derivatives of first pharyngeal arch
3C. Types of caecum
3D. Attachments of diaphragm
3E. Microscopic structure of gall bladder
3F. Pleural recesses
3G. Porta hepatis
3H. Relations of body of pancreas
3I. Formation & termination of superior vena cava
3J. Microscopic structure of testis
3K. Periosteum
3L. Contents of popliteal fossa
3M. Sternal angle
3N. Derivatives of primitive midgut
3O. Course and branches of femoral artery
(4 marks × 15 = 60 marks)


Page 1 of 1
 Reg. No.

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION – AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY: PAPER – I (ESSAY)
Monday, August 23, 2021
Time: 10:20 – 13:00 Hrs. Maximum Marks: 80

 All questions are compulsory.

 Illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow charts wherever appropriate.

1. A 55-year-old woman was transported to the emergency department following a motor vehicle
accident. While riding a motorcycle, she was struck from behind by a truck and lost
consciousness for several minutes. On examination, she was alert, but had dizziness, headache
and diplopia. She had abrasion wounds on her left frontal and periorbital regions and had ptosis as
well as dilated non-reactive pupil. Her left eye could only move outward and depress. Otherwise,
her neurological examination was without any focal abnormality.
1A. Name the structure involved that would have been responsible for the abnormalities of the eye.
1B. Explain why there was ptosis and non-reactive pupil
1C. Give the origin of the structure involved
1D. Describe its course and distribution
(1+2+1+6 = 10 marks)

2. Describe the musculocutaneous nerve under following headings

2A. Origin
2B. Course and distribution
2C. Applied aspects
(2+6+2 = 10 marks)

3. Write short notes on:

3A. Parotid duct
3B. Cervical part of the facial artery
3C. Superior sagittal sinus
3D. Spinothalamic tracts
3E. Third ventricle
3F. Middle cerebral artery
3G. Labelled diagram showing the section of medulla oblongata at motor decussation
3H. Cerebellar nuclei
3I. Biceps brachii
3J. Carpal tunnel syndrome
3K. Histology of lymph node
3L. Histological differences between large sized artery and large sized vein
3M. Notochord
3N. Placental barrier
3O. Chromosomes

(4 marks × 15 = 60 marks)

Page 1 of 1
 Reg. No.

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION – AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY: PAPER – II (ESSAY)
Tuesday, August 24, 2021
Time: 10:20 – 13:00 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
 All questions are compulsory. Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.
 Illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow charts wherever appropriate.

1. Describe the location, coverings, presenting parts and lobes, and age changes of prostate.
(1+2+4+3 = 10 marks)

2. An elderly school teacher with the history of chronic dull ache in his legs sought medical help
when he noticed remarkably tortuous and dilated veins on the medial aspect of his legs. On
examination, the skin around the medial malleolus was found to be dry, scaly and
discoloured.
2A. Identify the clinical condition mentioning the vessel involved.
2B. Give the underlying reason for this condition.
2C. Describe the course and tributaries of the vessel involved.
2D. Give any two other applied aspects of this vessel.
(2+2+4+2 = 10 marks)

3. Write short notes on:

3A. Major openings of thoracic diaphragm
3B. Relations of arch of aorta
3C. Microscopic structure of pyloric part of stomach
3D. Contents of broad ligament of uterus
3E. Septal wall of right atrium
3F. Development of urinary bladder
3G. Pudendal canal
3H. Sinuses of pericardium
3I. Adductor magnus muscle
3J. Epiploic foramen
3K. Labeled diagram of mediastinal surface of left lung
3L. Menisci of knee joint
3M. Metaphysis
3N. Development of thyroid
3O. Microscopic structure of cornea
(4 marks × 15 = 60 marks)


Page 1 of 1
Question Paper
Exam Date
& Time: 20-Dec-2021 (10:00 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - DECEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER I
Anatomy Paper-I [AN 111THP1]
Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

All questions are compulsory.

Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.
illustrate your answers with diagrams and flow-charts wherever appropriate.

Describe the thyroid gland under the following headings

Parts & Coverings (4)
1B) Blood supply (2)
1C) Applied anatomy (2)
Development (2)

A 45 year old male comes to the trauma center after road traffic accident with numbness in

the right little finger, weakness in the palm muscles and loss of coordinated movements in the
fingers. Clinical examination revealed a compound fracture of the medial humeral
epicondyle. With your anatomical knowledge of the upper limb answer the following
questions.
2A) Name the structure damaged due to fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus causing
the above mentioned clinical findings. (1) Mnar Neave
2B) Describe the origin, course of the structure damaged.(4)
2C) Name the branches of the structure in the forearm and hand (5)

3. Short Answers:

Describe the origin, course and distribution of the lingual nerve. (-

Describe the origin, course and branches of external carotid artery (4)
3C) /Describe the ciliary ganglion 14)
3D) Classify the white matter of the cerebrum and give examples for each (4)
3E) Draw a neat labeled diagram of transverse section of the
medulla oblongata at the level of
sensory decussation (41
3F) Inferior cereballar peduncic1(4)
3G) Describe the CSF circulation
3H) Describe the origin, course, area of distribution and applied anatomy of middle cerebral
artery. (4)
30 Describe the
formation and branches of deep palmar arch (4)
3D) Describe the ligaments associated with the shoulder joint (4)
3K) Explain the microscopic structure of the transverse section of the compact bone (4)
3L) Describe the histology of the palatine tonsil (4)
Describe the formation and fate of neural crest (4)
Somites (4)
30) Describe the non-disjunction and associated genetic anomalies (4)

-End-
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 21-Dec-2

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE EXAMINATION - DECEMBER 2021
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER II

Duration: 160 mins.

Marks: 80

Answer all the questions.

Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.

Illustrate your answers with
diagrams and flow charts wherever appropriate.

Describe the parts, position, primary and secondary supports, arterial supply and development of uterus.
(1+2+3+2•1+1 = 10 marks)

2. A 56 yu rold man presented with hoarseness of voice, dyspnoea, tracheal tug and pulsating swelling protruding from the
uppermargin ofthe sternum. The Computed Topography (CT)scan of chest and anglographyshowedlocalizeddilatationofa
vessel located behind the sternum.
Based on the anatomy of this region, answer the following questions:
Arch of forta

03 3
20) Name the dilated yesse!

2B) Discuss the origin, termination and branches of the vessel

2c) Describe the relations of the vessel with the help of a neat labeled diagram
2D) Add a note on the development of the vessel.

3. Write shorts notes:

Enumerate the sites of portocaval anastomosis and its appiled importance.

3
Positions and applled anatomy of vermiform appendix.
Course and tributaries of great saphenous veln
Tiblalls posterior

Microscopic structure of prostate glan

Development and anomailes of kidney.
Mention any four differences between small and large Intestine
internal trigone of the urinary bladder
Draw a neat labeled diagram of mediastinal surface of right lung
Sinuses of pericardium

Cruciate ligaments of knee loint

Microscopie structure of gall bladder
Development and anomalles of pi
Define muscle. Name the types and of muscle.

End

Page 1 of 5
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 21-Dec-2021 (10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST PROFESSIONAL MBBS (CBME) DEGREE EXAMINATION - DECEMBER 2021

SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER II

Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

Answer all the questions.

All questions are compulsory.
Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers.

1. A 69-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of difficulty in initiation of movement

and instability. Over the last few months his wife noticed that he has developed a tremor in
hand while at rest. On examination there was decrease swinging of arms with shuffling
(short step) gait and limb rigidity. Neurologist confirmed it as a disease of basal ganglia
1A) Analyze the given case and name the clinical condition and the structure affected. (2)
1B) Describe the anatomical subdivisions of basal ganglia (3)
1C) Describe its connections and functions of basal ganglia (5)

2. A 57-year-old multiparous, presented with history of mass descending per vagina since one
year. Also, she complained of urinary incontinence and painful micturition. Pelvic
examination revealed a pink globular mass protruding outside the vaginal orifice. A probable
diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse was made.
2A) Analyze the given case and name the pelvic organ that might have prolapsed. (1)
2B) Describe the parts and normal position of the organ involved. (3)
2C) Describe the anatomical structures that normally prevent this organ from prolapsing. (6)

3. Write short notes:

3A. In a 40-year old male with complaints of unexplained weight loss and anemia.
Endoscopic examination revealed a large, irregular ulcerated lesion was noted in an
organ that acts as a reservoir of food. Analyze the case and describe the lymphatic drainage
of the involved organ with diagram.
3B) 65-year-old man presents with a 5-month history of right-sided flank discomfort and recent
onset of gross hematuria. Examination revealed tenderness in the right renal angle. Describe
the posterior relations of the organ involved in this case.
3C) Describe the gross anatomy of the structures which carry the secretion from the exocrine
part of pancreas.
3D) Illustrate and describe the posterior wall of the widest and most dilatable part of male
urethra.
3E) Explain the boundaries of fossa present in the lateral wall of laryngopharynx with its clinical
significance.
3F) Illustrate and explain the microscopic structure of that part of small intestine which has
mucous glands in its submucosa.
3G) Describe the development of collecting part of kidney with labeled diagram.
3H) Compare the areas of brain which deals with speech with their clinical aspects.
3I) A 22-year-old male patient with head trauma complained of double vision and restrictions in
looking at the lateral side in the left eye. Analyze the case and name the nerve that is
damaged. Describe the location of its nucleus in the brainstem, Draw a neat labeled
diagram of the damaged nerve relation within the cavernous sinus.
3J) A 60-year-old male patient presented with complaints of progressive deterioration of
vision followed by a minor trauma. Examination revealed a scar in the outermost coat of
an eyeball that resulted in loss of vision. Name the structure affected and describe it.
3K) Discuss the muscles of middle ear.
3L) Illustrate the microscopic anatomy of the retina.
3M) Describe the fate of mesonephric duct in female.
3N) Illustrate the microanatomy of master endocrine gland of our body.
3O) Explain karyotyping with its application.
(4 marks X 15 = 60)

(END)
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 25-Feb-2022 10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE (CBME) EXAMINATION – FEBRUARY/MARCH 2022
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER I

Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

Answer all the questions.
1. A 22-year old man went for physical examination as a part of recruitment in Indian Army. He was
rejected from employment because of his flat feet.
1A) Explain the anatomical basis and the effect of flat foot. (3)
1B) Compare and contrast the longitudinal arches of foot. (7)

2. A profusely sweating 45 year old engineer was brought to casualty with complaints of sudden onset
of chest pain that was radiating to the medial side of his left arm and neck. His heart rate was
50/min, BP was 180/120mm. ECG revealed anterior wall myocardial infarction, involving partially the
interventricular septum. He was stabilized, advised surgery, following which some of his upper and
lower limb vessels were evaluated.
2A) Interpret the case and describe the blocked artery. (4)
2B) Analyse partial involvement of interventricular septum. (2)
2C) Reason out radiating pain in the left arm and neck. (2)
2D) Justify the evaluation of limb vessels. (2)

3A) Describe pulmonary and systemic circulation. (4)

3B) A patient had an inferior dislocation of shoulder joint. On examination patient was unable to abduct
his shoulder and had sensory loss over the lower half of deltoid muscle. Analyse the case and
describe the structure involved. (4)
3C) Describe the process of implantation. List the abnormal sites of implantation. (4)
3D) Explain the muscle of mastication that causes depression of temporomandibular joint. (4)
3E) Illustrate the microscopic anatomy of the hemo-lymphatic organ closely related to the left colic
flexure. (4)
3F) A 15-year old girl had fever, headache and nasal block. X ray revealed opacity in the region below the
floor of the orbit. Analyse the case and describe the affected paranasal air sinus. (4)
3G) Enumerate the prenatal diagnostic tests. What is amniocentesis? (4)
3H) This joint is affected in a patient who has difficulty in opposition movement of thumb. Name the
joint and list its ligaments and other movements (4)
3I) Illustrate microscopic anatomy of ganglion that is part of a structure present on either side of
vertebral column. (4)
3J) A cardiologist is performing a coronary catheterization through an artery of the front of thigh.
Explain the course and list the branches of the artery chosen for the procedure. (4)
3K) A 21 year old male patient was diagnosed to have a hernia, that protruded through an opening in the
fascia transversalis. Explain the openings of the canal through which the hernial contents pass. (4)
3L) Discuss the microscopic anatomy of the cartilage of larynx that forms the anterior boundary of
laryngeal inlet. (4)
3M) Explain the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the muscle that forms the medial boundary
of cubital fossa. (4)
3N) Enlargement of the left ventricle of heart compresses this surface of the lung. Illustrate with a
labelled diagram the relations of this surface of the affected lung. (4)
3O) Enumerate the components and their derivatives contributing in the development of right atrium. (4)

-----End-----
Question Paper
Exam Date & Time: 26-Feb-2022 10:20 AM - 01:00 PM)

MANIPAL ACADEMY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

FIRST MBBS DEGREE (CBME) EXAMINATION – FEBRUARY/MARCH 2022
SUBJECT: ANATOMY - PAPER II

Marks: 80 Duration: 160 mins.

All questions are compulsory.

Write brief, clear, relevant and legible answers

1. In a 60-year-old male, with complaints of double vision, physical examination showed there
was ptosis, lateral strabismus, dilated and fixed pupil and loss of accommodation reflex.
Computer tomographic (CT) revealed dilation of internal carotid artery in its cavernous part
compressing more on its lateral aspect.
1A) Analyze the given case and name the structure involved leading to the above mentioned signs
& symptoms. (1)
1B) Describe the origin, course and distribution of the structure involved. (5)
1C) Draw a neat labeled diagram of the transverse section of the part of the brainstem where the
nucleus of the structure involved is located. (4)

2. A 50 year old female visited surgery department and complained of hard painless mass in the
upper and outer portion of her left breast. The physical examination revealed peau d'orange
appearance of skin. The mass was hard and immobile. The nipple was retracted.
2A) Describe the anatomical basis of peau d'orange appearance of skin, retraction of nipple and
loss of mobility of the breast? (3)
2B) Name the structures lying deep to the base of the breast. (2)
2C) Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast. (5)

3. Short Notes:
3A) Describe the peritoneal fold that is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach. (4)
3B) The right and the left colic flexures are related as anterior relations to the corresponding
kidneys. Illustrate the other relations of this surface of the kidney on both sides. (4)
3C) Describe the interior of the terminal part of the large intestine (4)
3D) Describe the boundaries and features of the triangular area present within the muscular
reservoir of urine. (4)
3E) Tabulate the anatomical differences between the two parts of the small intestine suspended by
mesentery. (4)
Page 1 of 2
3F) Illustrate and describe the microscopic features of the oesophagus. (4)
3G) Ultra-sonographic examination of a newborn baby showed bilateral enlarged kidneys with multiple renal
cysts. Analyse the case and explain the embryological reason for this anomaly. (4)
3H) Illustrate and describe the sulci, gyri and functional areas of frontal lobe of cerebral
hemisphere. (4)
3I) Illustrate and describe the boundaries of the cavity of diencephalon that communicates with
the adjacent cavities above via interventricular foramen and below via cerebral aqueduct. (4)
3J) In a 35-year-old male, investigated for deafness, it was found that abnormal ossification of
annular ligament that attaches footplate of stapes to oval window had impeded its movement.
Which wall of the middle ear is affected here and describe the other features in this wall of
the cavity that lodges the stapes. (4)
3K) Illustrate and describe the compartments of the eyeball. (4)
3L) Illustrate different layers of microanatomy of the retina? (4)
3M) In a new-born male baby, the paediatrician noticed that the right scrotal sac was empty,
however the external genitalia was normal. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence
of the male gonad in the inguinal canal. Give the medical term for this anomaly. Explain the
descent of the male gonad. (4)
3N) Illustrate the histology of the endocrine gland that is enclosed by the renal fascia. (4)
3O) Describe the characteristic clinical features of the only viable monosomic condition in human
beings found only in females. (4)

-----End-----

Page 2 of 2