3.
3 Critical thinking is a kind of thinking in which you question, analyse, interpret,
evaluate and make a judgement about what you read, hear, say, or write. The term
critical comes from the Greek word kritikos meaning “able to judge or discern
Critical thinking is the ability to effectively analyze information and form a judgment.
To think critically, you must be aware of your own biases and assumptions when
encountering information, and apply consistent standards when evaluating sources.
Examples of critical thinking
A triage nurse analyzes the cases at hand and decides the order by which the
patients should be treated. A plumber evaluates the materials that would best suit a
particular job
Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that allows individuals to analyze, evaluate,
and interpret information objectively and rationally.
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations,
and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves
recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions,
evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and
assessing their rationality and potential consequences.
The goal of critical thinking is to form a judgment through the application
of rational, skeptical, and unbiased analyses and evaluation
Critical thinking is a rich concept that has been developing throughout the past 2,500
years. The term "critical thinking" has its roots in the mid-late 20th century. Below,
we offer overlapping definitions which together form a substantive and trans-
disciplinary conception of critical thinking.
Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully
conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information
gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or
communication, as a guide to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on
universal intellectual values that transcend subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy,
precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth,
and fairness.
Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision,
gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. Using a step-by-step
decision-making process can help you make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions
by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives.
A decision-making method refers to a process where different actors communicate,
exchange knowledge, and collaborate to reach a common goal in a complex and
uncertain environment.
Meaning of make a decision in English
to make a choice about something, especially after thinking about several
possibilities: I'd strongly advise against making a sudden decision. She has had to
make some very difficult decisions.
Why is decision-making important?
Importance of decision making
Our decisions affect people. Nearly every decision we make will affect different
people in one way or another. It's important to be aware of the influence our
decisions will have, and understand what the "human cost" will be. The decisions we
make demonstrate our values.
The purpose of a decision is to specify the possibility of proceeding the process in
two different directions.
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking)
is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course
of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or
irrational.
the act or process of deciding something especially with a group of people
The project will require some difficult decision-making.
All members of the organization have a role in decision-making.
—often used before another noun
the company's decision-making process
IMPORTANCE OF DECISION-MAKING 1. Implementation of managerial function:
Without decision-making different managerial function such as planning, organizing,
directing, controlling, staffing can’t be conducted. In other words, when an employee
does, s/he does the work through decision-making function. Therefore, we can say
that decision is important element to implement the managerial function.
2. Pervasiveness of decision-making: the decision is made in all managerial
activities and in all functions of the organization. It must be taken by all staff. Without
decision-making any kinds of function is not possible. So it is pervasive.
3. Evaluation of managerial performance: Decisions can evaluate managerial
performance. When decision is correct it is understood that the manager is qualified,
able and efficient. When the decision is wrong, it is understood that the manager is
disqualified. So decisionmaking evaluate the managerial performance.
4. Helpful in planning and policies: Any policy or plan is established through decision
making. Without decision making, no plans and policies are performed. In the
process of making plans, appropriate decisions must be made from so many
alternatives. Therefore, decision making is an important process which is helpful in
planning.
5. Selecting the best alternatives: Decision making is the process of selecting the
best alternatives. It is necessary in every organization because there are many
alternatives. So decision makers evaluate various advantages and disadvantages of
every alternative and select the best alternative.
6. Successful; operation of business: Every individual, departments and organization
make the decisions. In this competitive world; organization can exist when the
correct and appropriate decisions are made. Therefore, correct decisions help in
successful operation of business.
TYPES OF DECISION MAKING
TYPES OF DECISION MAKING There are two types of decision making:
Programmed decision making Non-programmed decision making Programmed
decision making - Programmed decisions are routine and repitative, and the
organization typically develops specific ways to handle them. A programmed
decision might involve determining how product will be arranged on the selves of the
supermarket. For this kind of routine, repetitive problem, standard-arrangement
decisions are typically made according to established management guidelines. 1
Nonprogrammed decision making - Nonprogrammed decision, in contrast is typically
on shot decision that are usually less structured than programmed decision. An
example of the type of nonprogrammed decision that more and more and more
managers are having to make is whether a supermarket should carry an additional
type of bread.
