Sande
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ScribdTranslationsSANDE (Brosimum utile)
Trade name
Sande
Scientific name
Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken ex J. Presl.
Family
Moraceae
Common names
Sande, Perillo, Avichurí, Vaco, Palo de Vaca, Árbol de Leche, Lechero, Vacuno,
Guaimaro, Aceituno Rojo, Palanco, Pan de Árbol, Pucre (Colombia); Sande (Ecuador);
Panguana, Caspi Milk, Sacha Tulpay (Peru: ) Sande, Cow's Stick, Marina, Stick of
Bear, Milk Tree, Cow Tree, Cavo, Mountain Cedar, Cow (Venezuela);
Mastate, Palo de Vaca (Costa Rica); Amapadoco, Turury, Prunainha, Amapa Doce,
Brazil
Synonymous scientific names (with authors)
Brosimum krukovii Standley; Brosimum ovatifolium Ducke; Brosimum paliescens
Ducke; Brosimum rigidum Ducke. (56, 393, 407, 410)
Description of the tree
Tree that reaches up to 35 to 40 m in height and 1.50 m in diameter. It has buttress roots.
well developed. Straight and cylindrical trunk. The outer bark is thin and colored
greenish gray with a finely cracked smooth texture with medium lenticels arranged in
longitudinal rows. The inner bark is orange and exudes latex
whitish, abundant, and sticky. The leaves are simple, alternate, leathery, and with
stipules. Bisexual flowers in white capitula. Fruit type drupe, small and
it contains a seed. (393, 400)
Natural habitat
Grows in the tropical rainforest in low terrace areas or soils.
periodically flooded and associated with the species: Tangare (Carapa
guianensis), Chanul (Humiriastrum sp.); Canelo (Nectandra sp.); Almendro
(Bertholletia excelsa); Aceite María (Callophyllum mariae); Anime
(Protium sp.); Pantano (Hieronyma sp.) and Sajo (Campnosperma
anamnesis).) (393, 400)
Flowering and fruiting months
This species blooms all year round. One could say that there are fruits between April and June due to
that the flowers are ripe. In the Colombian Pacific, it is a kind of fruiting
non-seasonal; there is an absence of flowers throughout the year and not all trees
they bloom at the same time, which affects fruiting; likewise, it was found
which presents green fruits alternating throughout the year and a minimum percentage achieves
its maturity. (393)
Blooming
January
Fruiting
Jan.
Ease of regeneration
Natural regeneration is relatively good in natural forests.
forest inventories conducted show an adequate level of prosperity among the
bramble thickets, bamboo groves and tree stumps. Under the mature trees and in surrounding areas there
appreciates abundant natural regeneration. The dispersion of the species is evidenced in
intervened and non-intervened forests, secondary and in association with perennial crops.
(411)
Natural distribution
It is distributed in Costa Rica, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
408)
Existence of plantations in Ecuador?
The Juan Manuel Durini foundation planted a 400m2 plot in the Pedro sector.
Vicente Maldonado, Esmeraldas-Ecuador, where he achieved good results
Local uses of wood
Wood is important for a wide variety of local uses such as: constructions
for indoor use, tool handles, fishing rods, umbrellas, plywood sheets,
muebles comunes, marcos, chapas decorativas, estibas, embalaje, cajonería, encofrados
and bodyworks., tongue depressors and similar, particle boards, toys,
doors, sports equipment, agricultural implements, particle boards and
enlistonados, machihembrados, pulpa y papel, productos moldurados, vigas, viguetas,
immunized can be used for cross members of posts, cores, faces of the boards
plywood, comprehensive construction of houses and warehouses.
Non-timber uses
Latex has a pleasant taste and can be consumed without any risk, in the Pacific
Colombian is mixed with that of Lirio (Couma macrocarpa). The seed is nutritious and
pleasant, it is consumed cooked with salt and prepared in stews. (393). The latex is used
to cure gastritis, it is also used to make chewing gum in the U.S. and
for the preparation of homeopathic medicines