Class. B.

Ed
Subject: Guideance and Counselling

Define Guidance and Counselling

Guidance:
Guidance means helping someone make good choices in life, like choosing a
career, school, or how to solve problems.
Counselling:
Counselling means talking with someone (like a counsellor) to understand and
solve personal problems, feelings, or worries.

Difference between Guidance and Counselling

1. Meaning and Purpose
Guidance is a process of helping individuals make important
life decisions, such as educational and career choices.
It offers direction, suggestions, and recommendations to
achieve future goals.
It is more about advising than solving deep emotional
problems.
Counselling is a professional service that helps individuals
understand themselves and resolve personal, emotional, or
psychological issues.
It involves deep conversation and emotional support to deal
with current struggles.
It aims to heal or improve the mental and emotional well-
being of a person.
2. Focus Area
Guidance mainly focuses on external aspects like education,
career, and decision-making.
It helps someone figure out what to do next, especially in
academic or job settings.
The focus is on finding the right path or direction in life.
Counselling focuses more on internal problems such as stress,
anxiety, sadness, or personal issues.
It deals with emotional, behavioral, and psychological
challenges.
The goal is to help individuals understand themselves better
and feel emotionally healthy.
3. Nature of Relationship
In guidance, the relationship between the guide and the
person is more formal and informational.
It’s usually short-term and goal-specific, such as helping with
career planning.
The interaction may not involve deep personal connection.
In counselling, the relationship is based on trust,
confidentiality, and emotional connection.
It requires a deeper understanding between the counsellor
and the client.
The relationship can be long-term, depending on the person’s
emotional needs.
4. Approach Used
Guidance uses a more directive or advising approach.
It involves giving suggestions, information, and
recommendations for action.
The person giving guidance usually tells what should be done
next.
Counselling uses a non-directive or client-centered approach.
The counsellor listens more and helps the person find their
own solutions.
It is more about self-discovery than giving ready-made
answers.
5. Type of Issues Handled
Guidance deals with general issues such as which subject to
choose, how to apply for jobs, or setting goals.
These are practical, logical, and decision-based problems.
The problems are usually not emotional in nature.
Counselling deals with personal and emotional issues like fear,
depression, low confidence, or relationship problems.
These are deep-rooted and need understanding, empathy,
and emotional support.
The problems may not have quick or simple solutions.
6. Who Provides It
Guidance can be given by teachers, career advisors, mentors,
or parents.
They may not need deep psychological training but should
have knowledge in their field.
It is often based on experience and information-sharing.
Counselling is done by trained professionals like psychologists,
therapists, or licensed counsellors.
They are trained to handle mental health issues and
emotional difficulties.
They follow ethical rules and maintain confidentiality.
7. Setting and Situation
Guidance usually happens in schools, colleges, career fairs, or
job centers.
It is often part of educational and career development
programs.
It is offered when someone needs help with planning their
future.
Counselling takes place in a more private and quiet setting like
a counsellor’s office, clinic, or mental health center.
It provides a safe space where individuals can open up about
their feelings.
It is sought when someone is facing emotional or
psychological stress.
8. Duration of Support
Guidance is often short-term and may take only one or two
sessions.
Once the person gets the needed advice, the guidance may
end.
It is solution-focused and doesn’t require long follow-up.
Counselling can be short-term or long-term, depending on the
depth of the issue.
Some problems require regular sessions over weeks or
months.
It involves progress tracking and ongoing emotional support.
9. Confidentiality and Privacy
Guidance may not always require strict confidentiality,
especially in group settings.
Since the topics are general, they are often discussed openly
in classes or workshops.
Privacy is respected, but it is not the main focus.
Counselling requires strict confidentiality and privacy.
Personal feelings, thoughts, and sensitive information are
shared.
Everything discussed is kept private unless there is a risk of
harm.
10. Goal or Outcome
The goal of guidance is to help someone choose the right
direction or make a wise decision.
It aims at improving performance, choosing a career, or
solving academic issues.
Success is measured by how well the advice is followed and
the result achieved.
The goal of counselling is to bring emotional healing and
personal growth.
It aims to make the person mentally stronger, more self-
aware, and emotionally balanced.
Success is seen in improved mental health, better coping skills,
and overall well-being.

 Objectives of GUIDANCE
1. Help in Self-Understanding
To help individuals understand their strengths, weaknesses,
interests, and abilities.
This helps them know who they are and what they can do.
2. Assist in Making Right Decisions
To support people in making smart and informed choices about
their education, career, and personal life.
Guidance gives the right direction when someone is confused.
3. Educational Development
To guide students in choosing the right subjects, courses, and study
habits.
This improves their academic performance and interest in learning.
4. Career Planning and Development
To help individuals explore different careers and choose one that
matches their skills and interests.
It prepares them for future job opportunities.
5. Solve Adjustment Problems
To assist people in adjusting better at school, home, or work.
This includes helping with behavior, relationships, and social
situations.
6. Encourage Self-Reliance
To build confidence in individuals so they can solve problems on
their own.
Guidance teaches them how to think critically and act
independently.
7. Support Personal and Social Growth
To help people grow emotionally, socially, and morally.
It guides them to become good, responsible members of society.
8. Identify and Develop Talents
To help discover hidden abilities and interests in students or
individuals.
Then guide them in improving and using those talents effectively.
9. Prevent Future Problems
To give timely advice and information that prevents future
mistakes or difficulties.
For example, avoiding the wrong career choice or unhealthy habits.
10. Promote Positive Attitudes
To develop a positive outlook towards life, learning, work, and
relationships.
Guidance helps people stay motivated, hopeful, and focused on
their goals.

 Principles of GUIDANCE
1. Principle of All-Round Development
Guidance should help in the total development of a person — mentally,
emotionally, socially, and physically.
It supports growth in every area of life, not just school or career.
2. Principle of Individual Differences
Every person is different in abilities, interests, and needs.
Guidance should be based on the unique qualities of each individual.
3. Principle of Need
Guidance is provided because people need help in making choices and
solving problems.
It should meet the real needs of the individual at the right time.
4. Principle of Cooperation
Effective guidance happens when the individual and the guide work
together.
There should be trust, respect, and mutual understanding.
5. Principle of Holistic Approach
Guidance should look at the person as a whole — not just focus on one
problem.
It should consider personal, social, emotional, and educational aspects
together.
6. Principle of Continuity
Guidance is not a one-time activity; it should continue throughout life.
People need support at different stages — school, college, career, and
personal life.
7. Principle of Flexibility
Guidance programs should be flexible and adjust to the changing needs of
individuals.
 There is no one-size-fits-all method in guidance.
8. Principle of Confidentiality
All personal information shared during guidance should be kept private.
This builds trust and allows the person to speak openly.
9. Principle of Responsibility
Guidance helps the individual take responsibility for their own decisions
and actions.
It does not force choices but supports independent thinking.
10. Principle of Qualified Guidance
Only trained and skilled people should give professional guidance.
Proper knowledge and understanding are needed to guide someone
correctly.

 The role of Guidance and counselling personnel

Role of Guidance and Counselling Personnel

Understanding Students’ Needs

They observe and listen to students to understand their academic,
personal, emotional, and social needs.

Providing Educational Guidance

They help students choose the right subjects, courses, and study methods
to improve learning and performance.

Offering Career Guidance

They guide students in exploring different career options and choosing
one based on interests, skills, and opportunities.

Supporting Personal and Emotional Development

They help students deal with emotional problems like stress, anxiety, low
self-confidence, or family issues.
 Helping with Social Adjustment
They support students in developing good relationships with peers,
teachers, and family members.

Identifying Special Needs

They identify students who may have learning difficulties, behavioral
problems, or mental health issues and refer them to specialists if needed.

Promoting Positive Behavior

They teach values like respect, responsibility, honesty, and discipline
through talks, activities, or counselling sessions.

Conducting Group Sessions and Workshops

They organize sessions on topics like time management, exam stress,
bullying, or goal setting.

Keeping Records and Maintaining Confidentiality

They keep notes and records of sessions, but ensure that all personal
information is kept private and confidential.

Working with Parents and Teachers

They cooperate with parents and teachers to understand the student
better and create a support system around them.

 Career counsellor
Who is a Career Counsellor?

A career counsellor is a trained professional who

helps people choose the right career path based on
their interests, skills, values, and personality.
They guide students and adults to make smart
decisions about their education, jobs, and future
goals.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Career Counsellor:

Assess Skills and Interests

They use tests and conversations to understand a
person’s strengths, interests, and abilities.

Provide Information
They give clear information about different careers,
courses, colleges, job trends, and opportunities.

Guide in Career Planning

They help create a step-by-step plan to achieve
career goals, including choosing the right subjects
and colleges.

Support in Decision-Making
They help individuals compare options and make
wise career choices, especially when confused or
unsure.
Build Confidence
They encourage and motivate people to believe in
themselves and reach their full potential.

Help with Resume and Interview Skills

They train individuals on how to write resumes,
prepare for interviews, and present themselves
professionally.

Stay Updated
They keep up with changing job markets, new
courses, and education trends to give accurate
advice.

Work with Schools, Colleges, or Independently

They may work in educational institutions or run
private career guidance centers.

Why Career Counselling is Important:

1. Prevents wrong career choices.

 2. Saves time and money.

3. Reduces stress and confusion.

4.Helps people find careers they enjoy and succeed in.

 Role of a teacher/guide/counsellor in Guidance at

Elementary and Secondary level.
1. Identifying Students' Needs

Teachers observe students closely and can identify

their strengths, weaknesses, interests, and
behavioral patterns.
They help recognize academic difficulties,
emotional issues, or social challenges early on.

2. Providing Educational Guidance

Teachers guide students in choosing the right study

habits, setting goals, and staying motivated.
They help students understand subjects better and
improve their performance.
3. Supporting Personal and Social Development

Teachers teach values like honesty, kindness,

cooperation, and respect.
They help students build good character,
confidence, and healthy relationships.

4. Helping in Career Awareness (Especially at

Secondary Level)

At the secondary level, teachers help students

become aware of different careers.
They can introduce students to job fields related to
the subjects they teach.

5. Assisting in Problem-Solving

Teachers provide support when students face

problems such as bullying, family issues, peer
pressure, or lack of self-confidence.
They guide students on how to handle situations
calmly and wisely.
6. Referring to Counsellors or Specialists

If a student needs more help than the teacher can

provide, the teacher refers them to a school
counsellor or other professional.
This ensures that the student gets the right kind of
support.

7. Creating a Positive Classroom Environment

Teachers create a safe and friendly classroom

where students feel comfortable asking for help.
This environment helps students grow academically
and emotionally.

8. Communicating with Parents

Teachers work with parents to share progress,

discuss concerns, and guide them on how to
support their children at home.

9. Encouraging Self-Discovery
 Teachers help students understand their own
interests, talents, and goals.
This builds self-awareness and helps them make
better choices in school and life.

10. Acting as Role Models

Teachers set examples through their behavior,

attitude, and communication.
Students often look up to their teachers for
guidance in both academic and life matters.

 Program Evaluation
What is Program Evaluation?

Program evaluation is a process of checking how

well a program is working.
It looks at whether the program is meeting its goals
and helping the people it was designed for.
The goal is to find out what’s working, what’s not,
and how to improve the program.
 Why is Program Evaluation Important?

To see if the program is effective and making a

positive difference.

To improve the program by fixing problems and

building on strengths.

To decide whether to continue, expand, or stop the

program.

To provide information to funders, managers, and

participants about the program’s success.

 Steps in Program Evaluation

Set Goals and Objectives

Know what the program wants to achieve.

Collect Data
Gather information through surveys, interviews,
tests, or observations.
 Analyze Data
Look at the data to see if the goals are being met.

Report Results
Share findings with stakeholders like program staff,
participants, and funders.

Make Improvements
Use the information to improve the program and
make it better.

 Nature , Purpose and advantages of Cumulative Record Card

(CRC)

A Cumulative Record Card is a file or document that keeps

important information about a student over time.

It contains details like academic performance, attendance,

behavior, health records, and other personal information.

The card is regularly updated by teachers or school staff

throughout the student’s time at school.
It provides a continuous record from the time the student joins
the school until they leave.

Purpose of Cumulative Record Card

To keep track of a student’s progress in different areas such as

academics, behavior, and attendance.

To help teachers and counsellors understand the student’s

strengths, weaknesses, and development over time.

To provide important information when making decisions about

a student’s educational needs or guidance.

To share information with parents or other educators when

necessary for the student’s benefit.

To serve as a reliable reference during counselling or parent-

teacher meetings.

Advantages of Cumulative Record Card

Easy Monitoring: It helps teachers and counsellors monitor a

student’s progress and behavior over a long period.

Better Guidance: Provides detailed information that helps in

giving personalized guidance and counselling.
Informed Decision-Making: Assists school authorities in making
important decisions regarding the student’s promotion, special
help, or career guidance.

Communication Tool: Facilitates effective communication

between teachers, parents, and other stakeholders.

Early Problem Detection: Helps in identifying learning difficulties

or behavioral problems early so that timely intervention can be
made.

Comprehensive Record: Keeps all important student information

in one place for easy access and review.